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1
He, Hong, Cong Cong Wu, Tong Yang, Lin He, and Dan Li. "Analysis of Smart Antenna Interference Suppression Base on LMS Improved Algorithm." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1019.
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Smart antenna technology can increase channel capacity, improve spectrum efficiency and enlarge cover area by using its spatial diversity ability , which greatly improve system performance . A least mean squares (LMS) is posed for the smart antenna adaptive interference suppression system based on the training sequence. Also , the least mean square (LMS) and least squares (RLS) algorithm are proposed for the design and simulation about interference suppression and compare and analyze the result which can prove the effectiveness about algorithm in TD-SCDMA system .According to the results, the new method with a faster convergence speed, which doesn`t matter with interference environments, is better than LMS.
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Gu, Yun, Le-Qing Fan, Jian-Ling Huang, Cheng-Long Geng, Jian-Ming Lin, Miao-Liang Huang, Yun-Fang Huang, and Ji-Huai Wu. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co-Doped NiSe2 Nanowire for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081468.
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Co@NiSe2 electrode materials were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method by using nickel foam in situ as the backbone and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a specific surface area analyzer. Results show that the Co@NiSe2 electrode exhibits a nanowire structure and grows uniformly on the nickel foam base. These features make the electrode show a relatively high specific surface area and electrical conductivity, and thus exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The obtained electrode has a high specific capacitance of 3167.6 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1. To enlarge the potential window and increase the energy density, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled by using a Co@NiSe2 electrode and activated carbon acting as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The prepared asymmetrical supercapacitor functions stably under the potential window of 0–1.6 V. The asymmetric supercapacitor can deliver a high energy density of 50.0 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 779.0 W·kg−1. Moreover, the prepared asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a good rate performance and cycle stability.
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Zhang, Haotian, Fuju Li, Ji Tai, and Jun Zhou. "Research on Structural Design of an Isolated High-Rise Building with Enlarged Base and Multiple Tower Layer in High-Intensity Area." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669388.
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In the high intensity areas, the application of interlayer spacing technology can achieve the unity of quality and seismic performance of high-rise buildings with enlarged base and multiple tower layers. Through the comparison and analysis of the structural schemes of an enlarged base multiple tower-layer high-rise building, the ultimate seismic isolation scheme was adopted, and its seismic response and seismic performance were analyzed and studied. The results show that the overall seismic isolation effect of the story isolation technique is good, which can greatly reduce the seismic response, and is an effective means to improve the seismic safety of the structure. Considering the structural characteristics of the project, the improvement of the economy and the quality of the building, the use of story isolation technique in the enlarged base multiple tower-layer structure in the high-intensity region is an optimal scheme. Finally, several key technical issues such as the combined seismic isolation scheme of the enlarged base story isolation technique and the additional bending moment of the isolator and the tensile device of the isolator were discussed, which can provide some references for similar engineering practices.
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Lutfi, Muhamad, and Ersa Bestari Mulyadi. "EVALUATION OF SEKOLAH ISLAM TERPADU (SIT) ALIYA BOGOR BUILDING STRUCTURE SYSTEM BASED ON THE REQUIREMENTS OF SNI 2847:2019." astonjadro 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v10i1.3105.
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<p class="ListParagraph1">Sekolah Islam Terpadu (SIT) Aliya Bogor is located in west Bogor district, Bogor city, West Java, was founded in 200, thus the standards used by planning consultant in building planning using old standard, where these standards have been updated with current standard, namely SNI 2847:2019. The evaluation carried out in this study based on requirements SNI 2847:2019 knowing the outcome of building that was said to be safe used help software ETABS) and SpColumn. Length of building of Umar Bin Khatab A and B are 18,60 meter;23,65 meter.Building area of building Umar Bin Khatab A and B are 541,26 m<sup>2</sup>; 865,59 m<sup>2</sup>. Concrete quality assessment (fc’) that came from the test of hammer test column elements, beam elements, and plate elements as big 23,74 Mpa;26,59 Mpa;26,59 Mpa. After analysis some of to experience overstrength. The original column dimension In Building of Umar Bin Khatab A was K25x25 with shear reinforcement is Ø16-150 enlarge to K40x40 with shear reinforcement is Ø39-150 and beam dimension 20x40 enlarge to 35x55. On the building of Umar Bin Khatab B was K25x25 with shear reinforcement Ø16-150 enlarge to K40x40 with shear reinforcement Ø25-150, with the original beam dimension 20x40 enlarge to 30x55. The cost budget in the building of Umar Bin Khatab A is Rp 74.158.600,00 and in building of Umar Bin Khatab B is Rp 61.084.600,00.</p>
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Ahmed, Fharrukh, and S. A. Khan. "Investigation of efficacy of low length-to-diameter ratio and nozzle pressure ratio on base pressure in an abruptly expanded flow." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817201004.
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This study has been carried out to assess the efficacy of the flow regulations in the form of tiny jets to regulate the pressure in the base region of an abruptly expanded duct. Four tiny jets of 1mm diameter placed at 90° intervals at 6.5 mm distance from the main jet in the wake region of the base were employed as flow management mechanism. The experiments were conducted at the inertia level of M = 2.5 & 3.0. The jets from the nozzles were expanded abruptly into a circular duct with four cross-sectional areas of 2.56, 3.24, 4.84 and 6.25. The L/D ratio of the enlarged duct considered was from 10 to 1 and experiments were conducted for Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) from 3 to 11. Since the jets Mach numbers are high and the highest NPR tested was 11 which imply that the flow remains over expanded, even though, with increase in the NPR, the level of over expansion will decrease. It is well known that for over expanded nozzles an oblique shock will be formed at the nozzle lip, which in turn will result in the increase of the base pressure once it passes through the shock wave. From the results it is observed that for the NPRs 3 and 5 there is no appreciable gain in the base pressure, and hence, control employed as tiny jets are not effective, however, at NPR 7, 9, and 11 there is remarkable change in the base pressure values. This clearly indicates that NPR plays a significant role to decide on the magnitude of the base pressure and the control efficacy of the flow regulation mechanism as the tiny jets. It is found that the present method of flow regulation mechanism can be used as effective regulator of the base flows in an abruptly expanded duct. The control does not alter the nature of the flow in the enlarge duct.
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Hájek, F. "Object-oriented classification of Ikonos satellite data for the identification of tree species composition." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 4 (January 9, 2012): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4500-jfs.
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This paper describes the automated classification of tree species composition from Ikonos 4-meter imagery using an object-oriented approach. The image was acquired over a man-planted forest area with the proportion of various forest types (conifers, broadleaved, mixed) in the Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic. In order to enlarge the class signature space, additional channels were calculated by low-pass filtering, IHS transformation and Haralick texture measures. Employing these layers, image segmentation and classification were conducted on several levels to create a hierarchical image object network. The higher level separated the image into smaller parts regarding the stand maturity and structure, the lower (detailed) level assigned individual tree clusters into classes for the main forest species. The classification accuracy was assessed by comparing the automated technique with the field inventory using Kappa coefficient. The study aimed to create a rule-base transferable to other datasets. Moreover, the appropriate scale of common image data and utilisation in forestry management are evaluated.
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Noerhartati, Endang, Tjatursari Widiartin, Maslihah Maslihah, and Nonot Wisnu Karyanto. "STRENGTHENING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SORGHUM BASED PRODUCTS BY TRAINING, VISIT, AND ONLINE EXTENSION (TVO) SYSTEM." JBFEM 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32770/jbfem.vol243-50.
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Strengthening Entrepreneurship is essential for the development of new products-based sorghum which is as an alternative food product of carbohydrate sources, and in the future can be optimized into functional food components. This research aims to develop of sorghum-based entrepreneurship which is expected to enlarge the business capacity and scope of marketing, and the research uses qualitative research method in entrepreneurship. The results showed that the strengthening of sorghum entrepreneurship by using Training, Visit, and Online extension (TVO) System method includes development of technology package from research result on sorghum product sustainable as a healthy food future which must be supported by availability of superior varieties, processing technology, and knowledge about functional food benefits, as well as business packages with the establishment of entrepreneurial units in various groups according to their capabilities, building of sorghum network, opening up new markets by utilizing information technology, thereby eventually enlarge the business capacity and scope of marketing area.
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Tanaka, Kouichi, Nobuyuki Kurashima, Hajime Iizuka, Kiyoshi Ooi, Yoshihiro Machida, Satoshi Shiraki, and Tetsuya Koyama. "Thinner and Miniaturization Embedded Device Package, MCeP, for PoP and Module Application." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 001010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wp67.
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Along with miniaturization and high functionality of electronics, many embedded device substrates and packages have been developed by various companies. We have been also developing embedded device package named MCeP, Molded Core embedded Package. This package consists of base substrate, upper substrate and molding resin. These substrates material is conventional organic base. Bare IC devices without re-routing are mounted on inner surface of base substrate. Upper substrate and base substrate are connected electrically by copper core solder balls. The space between upper and base substrate is encapsulated by molding resin. MCeP is possible to be adopted for bottom package alternative of PoP. For thinner PoP application less than 1.0mm height, thinner MCeP less than 300um has been investigated. Base substrate has 3 conductive layers and thickness is 130um. Upper substrate has 2 conductive layers and thickness is 95um. Embedded layer thickness is 52.5um. For original MCeP, IC device is mounted by flip chip bonding using Au bump and tin-silver solder interconnection. The space between IC device and base substrate is encapsulated by under-filling resin. It is necessary to keep under-filling resin flow area around IC device. Because of this resin flow area, package size should be enlarged. To miniaturize package size, solder bumped IC device and encapsulation by molding resin instead of under-filling resin were used, then resin flow area was eliminated. MCeP is possible to use bottom package alternative for PoP and module application with IC device and passive components embedded.
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Magnússon, Eyjólfur, Helgi Björnsson, Helmut Rott, Matthew J. Roberts, Finnur Pálsson, Sverrir Guđmundsson, Richard A. Bennett, Halldór Geirsson, and Erik Sturkell. "Localized uplift of Vatnajökull, Iceland: subglacial water accumulation deduced from InSAR and GPS observations." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 203 (2011): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905703.
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AbstractWe report on satellite and ground-based observations that link glacier motion with subglacial hydrology beneath Skeiðarárjökull, an outlet glacier of Vatnajökull, Iceland. We have developed a technique that uses interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, from the European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS-1/-2) tandem mission (1995–2000), to detect localized anomalies in vertical ice motion. Applying this technique we identify an area of the glacier where these anomalies are frequent: above the subglacial course of the river Skeiðará, where we observed uplift of 0.15–0.20 m d−1 during a rainstorm and a jökulhlaup, and subsidence at a slower rate subsequent to rainstorms. A similar pattern of motion is apparent from continuous GPS measurements obtained at this location in 2006/07. We argue that transient uplift of the ice surface is caused by water accumulating at the glacier base upstream of an adverse bed slope where the overburden pressure decreases significantly over a short distance. Most of the frictional energy of the flowing water is therefore needed to maintain water temperature at the pressure-melting point. Hence, little energy is available to enlarge water channels sufficiently by melting to accommodate sudden influxes of water to the base. This causes water pressure to exceed the overburden pressure, enabling uplift to occur.
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Guosheng Wang, Guosheng Wang, and Xinxin Zhao and Siyu Han Xinxin Zhao and Siyu Han. "Effect of MgO Addition on the Properties of Ni/Al2O3 and Its Catalytic Activity in Hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 5 (2019): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000793/jcsp/41.05.2019.
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the nickel based alumina-supported catalysts modified or promoted by magnesia were prepared by wet impregnation and successfully used for hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine, the 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 samples exhibits the highest BET surface area, the largest pore volume, and the largest pore diameter in all of the samples such as Ni/Al2O3 and 20Ni-xMgO(80-x)Al2O3 excepted the highest BET surface area of Ni/Al2O3. the average pore diameter of the 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 samples were two times as large as Ni/Al2O3, it was indicated that the function of expanding role or the mesoporosity was increased by addition of MgO, and MgO might be regarded as pore-enlarge agent for the bare Al2O3 support and benefit for the transport of large molecules reactants and products The weak formation of MgO-Al2O3 and MgO-NiO solid solution as a result of competing interaction of MgO with Al2O3 support and NiO precursors restrained the strong interaction of NiO species with Al2O3 support, which favored the dispersion of active Ni centers and improved the reducible degree of NiO species on the surface of the catalysts. The improvement of basicity or the decrease in the number of acid centers in the catalysts avoid the secondary reactions, and subsequently resulted in high catalytic activity. The utilization of meso-porous 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 for catalytic hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine(Shiff’s base) with the highest selectivity of 99.70% and yields of 94.36% implied that the instead of Raney Ni was feasible.
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Li, Guo Chang. "Research on Intelligent Precise Pass Design Based on Spline Finite Strip Method." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2877.
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Enterprises have been looking forward to breakthroughs of compound cold rolled section steel precise pass design algorithm for a long time; the breakthroughs will enlarge the application area of cold rolled steel. However, further study of stress and strain cannot effectively conduct pass design algorithm, the theory research and pass design have bottlenecks. Use spline finite strip method to guide pass design, with artificial intelligence correction, we can gen precise pass design method. These researches will offer theoretical foundation to precise pass design and pass software design.
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Chen, Yang, Mei Liu, Zhihui Qu, and Ziwei Su. "Poly-amino-based ionic liquids coupled with semi-coke for biogas upgrading." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2194, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2194/1/012047.
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Abstract Poly-amino-based ionic liquid (IL) [TETAH]+[BF4]- was mixed with sodium hydroxide solution for CO2 separation from biogas in a spray scrubber packed with modified semi-coke. A CO2 absorption capacity of 0.92mol was achieved when controlling the outlet CO2 concentration below 3 vol%. The porous structure of semi-coke contributed to improving CO2 absorption. Nitric acid oxidation and heat treatment could increase the specific surface area, enlarge the intrinsic pores and develop more micropores. Semi-coke firstly oxidized by nitric acid and then with heat treatment could not only exhibit higher specific surface area and more porous structure, but also show less degree of graphitization, which was suggested as possible to increase the reactivity to CO2. It was assumed that the absorption system in this research showed promising application in CO2 separation from biogas as well as waste treatment.
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Atifatul Ismah Ismail. "Effect of Cavities in Suddenly Expanded Flow at Supersonic Mach Number." CFD Letters 13, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.9.5771.
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The contribution from the base drag due to the sub-atmospheric pressure is significant. It can be more than two-thirds of the net drag. There is a need to increase the base pressure and hence decrease the base drag. This research examines the effect of Mach Number on base pressure. To accomplish this objective, it controls the efficacy in an enlarged duct computed by the numerical approach using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis. This experiment was carried out by considering the expansion level and the aspect cavity ratio. The computational fluid dynamics method is used to model supersonic motion with the sudden expansion, and a convergent-divergent nozzle is used. The Mach number is 1.74 for the present study, and the area ratio is 2.56. The L/D ratio varied from 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, and the simulated nozzle pressure ratio ranged from 3 to 11. The two-dimensional planar design used commercial software from ANSYS. The airflow from a Mach 1.74 convergent-divergent axi-symmetric nozzle expanded suddenly into circular ducts of diameters 17 and 24.5 mm with and without annular rectangular cavities. The diameter of the duct is taken D=17mm and D=24.5mm. The C-D nozzle was developed and modeled in the present study: K-ε standard wall function turbulence model was used with the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated. The result indicates that the base pressure is impacted by the expansion level, the enlarged duct size, and the passage’s area ratio.
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Merker, L., C. Will, J. Steigenberger, and C. Behn. "Object Shape Recognition and Reconstruction Using Pivoted Tactile Sensors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1613945.
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Many mammals use some special tactile hairs, the so-called mystacial macrovibrissae, to acquire information about their environment. In doing so, rats and mice, e.g., are able to detect object distances, shapes, and surface textures. Inspired by the biological paradigm, we present a mechanical model for object contour scanning and shape reconstruction, considering a single vibrissa as a cylindrically shaped Euler-Bernoulli-bending rod, which is pivoted by a bearing. In doing so, we adapt our model for a rotational scanning movement, which is in contrast to many previous modeling approaches. Describing a single rotational quasi-static sweep of the vibrissa along a strict convex contour function using nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli theory, we end up in a boundary-value problem with some unknown parameters. In a first step, we use shooting methods in an algorithm to repeatedly solve this boundary-value problem (changing the vibrissa base angle) and generate the support reactions during a sweep along an object contour. Afterwards, we use these support reactions to reconstruct the object contour solving an initial-value problem. Finally, we extend the scanning process adding a second sweep of the vibrissa in opposite direction in order to enlarge the reconstructable area of the profile.
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Chang, Hsing Cheng, San Shan Hung, Chi Chih Lai, Ya Hui Chen, I. Nan Chang, Jung Chih Lin, and Tze Chun Liu. "Nano-AAO-Based Microsensor for Monitoring Process Carbon Monoxide." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2136.
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This study developed a porous nano anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) based gas microsensor for detecting process carbon monoxide (CO) at room temperature. The small sensing microdevice has stable response with high sensitivity which includes porous AAO structures, gas sensing membrane, interdigitated sensing electrode, heater and temperature sensor. The tungsten oxide (WO3) sensing membrane covers AAO to enlarge total gas sensing surface area to enhance gas sensing response. The Pt interdigitated sensing electrode can also improve the sensitivity. The experimental results showed that the CO gas concentration sensitivity is proportional to temperature. As compared with the sensor without AAO, the concentration range of CO sensed by this microsensor is 100~1000 ppm, the gas sensing resistance change rate can be increased by 87.4 %.
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Bradley, Christopher J. "Heron triangles and touching circles." Mathematical Gazette 87, no. 508 (March 2003): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200172080.
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Heron triangles are those with integer sides and integer area. It is well known how to construct them as the union or difference of a pair of integersided right-angled triangles with a common side. For example, the triangles with sides 8, 15, 17 and 20, 15, 25 may be united, with common side 15, to form an acute Heron triangle with altitude 15, base 28 and other two sides 17 and 25. Its area is 210. Alternatively, their difference may be formed to create an obtuse Heron triangle with altitude 15, base 12 and other two sides 17 and 25. Its area is 90. Triangles with rational sides and rational area may be enlarged to have integer sides and integer area, and so may be classed as Heron triangles also. There have been many articles about Heron triangles in recent times, both in the Gazette [1,2] and elsewhere [3,4, 5], to mention just a few. This is not surprising as the number theory involved has a direct and pleasing application.
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Jin, Zhi, Zhen Zeng, Shenghui Hu, Lina Tang, Yuejin Fu, and Guangjie Zhao. "Synthesis of Microporosity Dominant Wood-Based Activated Carbon Fiber for Removal of Copper Ions." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061088.
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Steam activation treatments were introduced in the preparation of activated carbon fiber from liquefied wood (LWACF), to enlarge its specific surface area and develop the pore size distribution. With increasing activation time, the average fiber diameter of LWACF decreased from 27.2 µm to 13.2 µm, while the specific surface area increased from 1025 to 2478 m2/g. Steam activation predominantly enhanced the development of microporosity, without significant pore widening. Prolonging the steam activation time exponentially increased the removal efficiency of Cu2+ at a constant adsorbent dose, as a result of an increase in the number of micropores and acidic-oxygenated groups. Moreover, for LWACF activated for 220 min at 800 °C, the removal efficiency of Cu2+ increased from 55.2% to 99.4%, when the porous carbon fiber dose went from 0.1 to 0.5 g/L. The synthesized LWACF was proven to be a highly efficient adsorbent for the treatment of Cu2+ ion-contaminated wastewater.
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Lifshits, Ilya. "Financial Transactions Tax as an Integration Development Instrument in the EU." Contemporary Europe, no. 98 (October 1, 2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope52020165172.
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The adoption of a legal instrument relating to the harmonization of the ten Member States‟ laws on the financial transaction tax could be the first attempt in the EU history to establish an enhanced cooperation in the area of taxation. This project should be considered in the wider context of the financial sphere reform, which was caused by the global financial crisis. The draft Directive implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the financial transaction tax has been discussed in the Council for 7 years but an accord has not been reached yet. The ambition of the European Commission to enlarge the scope of the financial transaction tax payers as much as possible is perceived by the non-participating Member States as an encroachment of their tax jurisdiction which contradicts the international customary law as well as The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. An examination of the reasons of unsuccessful negotiations may lead to a conclusion on drawbacks of the enhanced cooperation in taxation policy. It is not likely that this mechanism would be used in the future to tax a very mobile financial market where the tax base may be easily transferred to the non-tax states. Meanwhile the participation of the leading EU States in the project, a wide public support of the „Robin Hood Tax‟ and Brexit suggest that in the coming months financial transactions in ten Member States will be charged by the harmonized tax. However, the scope of the tax would be reduced in comparison with that in the initial draft of the European Commission.
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Ma, Rui, Zhangming Zhu, Maliang Liu, Ping Gan, and Yintang Yang. "Analog-Based CMOS Duty Cycle Corrector with 50–800 MHz Operating Range." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 07 (June 17, 2015): 1550100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615501005.
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In this paper, a novel accurate analog-based 50% duty cycle corrector (DCC) for high-speed and high-resolution operations is presented. Due to the performance limitations of conventional DCCs, such as a confined locking range and overtone locking, a novel delay line using forward-body-bias technique and reset circuit are adopted to enlarge the locking range of the proposed DCC. Simulated results based on the standard 0.18 μm 1.8 V standard CMOS process show that output duty cycle error is less than ±1% over an input frequency range of 50–800 MHz. The peak-to-peak jitter at 800 MHz is 789.77 fs with a power consumption of 11.09 mW. The active layout area of the proposed DCC is 0.21 × 0.21 mm2.
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WANG, HAI-JIAN, and FU-MING SHI. "One new species of the genus Xizicus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Chongqing, China." Zootaxa 4286, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.4.12.
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The paper described one new species from Chongqing, China, i.e. Xizicus (Eoxizicus) simianshanensis sp. nov., it resembles Xizicus (Eoxizicus) divergentis (Liu & Zhang, 2000) and Xizicus (Eoxizicus) xiai (Liu & Zhang, 2000), but differs from the latter in: posterior processes of male tenth abdominal tergite straight; inner margin of base area of cerci with a notch, the other area of ventral surface after it enlarged inwards, with distinct edge; subgenital plate with posterior margin narrow, with styli stout and short.
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Khodukina, Y. M. "THE ADORNMENTS OF SCYTHIAN AGE OF THE POPULATION OF FOREST-STEPPE: INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC ON THE MATERIALS FROM DNIEPER LEFT-BANK AREA." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 40, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.03.14.
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This paper focuses on the pins and earrings as the most popular and diverse type of Scythian jewelry. They are exactly the chronological and cultural markers used by researchers in the reconstruction of migrations and connections of the forest-steppe population.
The adornments in ancient times, as well as nowadays, were one of the main cultural and social identity markers. First, they have been studied both in the context of the Scythian material remnants and the unique local variants. Vladimira Petrenko was one of the first who made the typology of these artifacts which led to the change in the field. Soon, new findings were discovered that developed the typology of the artifacts, which was based on the local variants and peculiar decorations, e. g. earrings. The common feature of the modern research is to lessen the number of taxa in the typological scheme and determine the precise and rare indicators of the type origin. Even though the adornment of Scythian Age were studied just as a part of the material culture, the consensus of the academia shows that jewelries can represent a wide range of social and cultural processes in ancient communities.
Usually, the Scythian adornments are found in the burial and settled sites. Such material remnants combined with the anthropological data and certain fixation can enlarge our understanding of the usage and function of these artifacts. Furthermore, they give us knowledge of the possible popular costume of the time, the sex and age differences in fashion. In addition, new finds from the settlements widen the source base. The analysis of the jewelries in the context of the settlement structures gives a more precise chronology and modes of production. Today, it is sure that the main three technological methods were welding, casting, and smiting. Each method related to the distinct forms and metals the item was made of.
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Lakitan, Benyamin, Fitra Rizar, and Strayker Muda. "Morphological Characteristics and Growth Behavior of Ridge Gourd [Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.] in Tropical Urban Ecosystem." Journal of Tropical Life Science 12, no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.12.03.10.
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Ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) is a climbing vegetable that produces edible fruits. Young fruits are harvested at a time when the seed coats have been established, but cotyledons have not yet formed. This study covered morphological characteristics, growth behavior, and cultivation practices suitable for increasing the production of the ridge gourd in urban ecosystems. Results of observation revealed the heart-shaped leaf of the ridge gourd was very uniform, and the leaf surface was flat so that their leaf area could be accurately estimated using leaf length and/or width (R2 > 0.97). Yet, leaf thickness was not a reliable predictor for the leaf area (R2 < 0.34). The length of petioles was not correlated with the leaf blade area. All single leaves, multiple tendrils, an inflorescence of male flowers and/or a single female flower, and a branch could be formed at each stem node. Water content in the leaf blade was lower than in the petiole. This phenomenon is related to water favor loss due to transpiration activity. Nevertheless, the total conserved water within the leaf blade was 6.26 times more than those within the petiole. The process of fruit enlargement followed the Sigmoid curve. The upper end of the curve started to flatten 10 days after the female flower bloomed. Moreover, at the age of 10 days, cotyledon has not yet formed, so it can be used as a guide to determine the harvest time of the gourd ridge fruit. Based on the leaf SPAD value, by the time the fruit began to enlarge, 4-5 leaves at the stem base were instigated to show symptoms of senescence. Ridge gourd fruit fresh weight can be best estimated using the length × diameter of the plants as a predictor. Keywords: Climbing vegetable, Fruit age, Leaf shape, Sigmoid curve, Urban olericulture
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Joos, Than H. "WHAT DO HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS KNOW ABOUT CHILDHOOD ASTHMA?" Pediatrics 94, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.2.262.
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Purpose of the Study. Salbutamol (albuterol) metered dose inhalers are a nonprescription, over-the-counter medication in Australia. In some instances, therefore, the only health care professional to advise asthmatics is the pharmacist. The present study was performed to assess the asthma knowledge base of pharmacists, general practitioners, and pediatric nurses in a given geographic area. Methods. A questionnaire that was developed and tested with medical students and parents of asthmatics was mailed to the above groups of health care professionals in the New Castle region of New South Wales, Australia. Results. An overall return rate of 50% was obtained. The following areas of significant knowledge deficiencies were noted: 1) Pharmacists—Fifty-six percent were unaware of the three cardinal symptoms of asthma: cough, wheeze, and breathlessness, 52% were unaware that asthma often worsens at night, and 57% did not know that viral infections were common triggers of asthma. 2) General Practitioners—Thirty-four percent believed childhood asthma damages the heart, 28% were unable to name three treatments useful in an acute attack, and 18% could not name two asthma preventative drugs. 3) Pediatric nurses—Fifty percent were uninformed regarding the need to seek medical care if nebulizer treatments were required more frequently than every two hours, 40% said inhaled medicines caused more side effects than their oral counter parts, and 40% thought auscultation was the best way to assess asthma. Reviewer's Comments. How would we in America compare, if asked to participate in such an exercise? I would let the reader decide, but in general we need to enlarge our educational programs.
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Qin, Hong Wu, Qi Tang Wang, Wen Hua Yang, Zheng Sheng Li, and Ren He. "Research on Structural Analysis of Steering Based on Thermal-Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2510.
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Stiffness and strength of the electric power steering structure were analyzed based on Catia, HyperMesh and ANSYS. Then, the influence of temperature on the stiffness of every component was also studied. The results indicate that the maximum deformations of the worm and worm wheel occur in the centre of the tooth top and their shape approximate ellipse. The deformation of the tail end of the worm-wheel shaft is large, and the limited groove area contracting the splined shaft and the steel ball bears large stress. The temperature load has some impact on the stress and deformation of components. The deformations of the components gradually enlarge with the increasing of the temperature, but the variations are not large. The stiffness and strength of steering can meet the design requirements.
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Mayor, M. L., G. Nestares, R. Zorzoli, and L. A. Picardi. "Analysis for combining ability in sunflower organogenesis-related traits." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 10 (2006): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05256.
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There are few reports about the genetic control of the in vitro regeneration ability in sunflower. In an attempt to enlarge the knowledge in this area, 7 cytoplasmic male-sterile, 7 fertile inbred lines, and their hybrids, were evaluated for their organogenic response to in vitro tissue culture. Cotyledonary explants were grown in culture medium containing MS saline base, indol-3-acetic acid, and kinetin at 25 ± 2°C with a 12-h photoperiod for 36 days. A completely randomised design with 2 replications of 20 explants each per treatment was used. All genotypes showed differences in the regeneration percentage and in the number of shoots per total explant cultured (P < 0.01). Genetic differences among the hybrids were due to additive effects (P < 0.01) for the female and male parents, but also a dominant effect (P < 0.01) was found. Among the male inbred lines, there was a strong inhibiting effect on the regenerating capacity ascribed to the restorer-inbred lines. The Ñ 844A inbred line had the best general combining ability and specific combining ability for the traits evaluated, so it can be considered as a putative candidate for inclusion in a breeding program to improve organogenesis. In this set of data, the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction and site regression analyses were useful tools to interpret the genetic variation for organogenesis-related traits.
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Guoqing, Li. "URBANIZATION AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION IN CHINA." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v1i1.724.
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China is now facing urbanization and the migrants from rural area have increased significantly. The farmland was the core iuess of the new urbanization process. The contracted land management right, residence land use rights and collective construction land allocation right were the main contents of the property right of peasants. To establish a new mechanism to make peasants and the rural collective enjoy the reasonable land profit is important for the new round land reform in China. Based on that, this paper will explain how the rural land were transformed into urban poverty. This paper argued that replace rural retained land into urban property model was a new form of compensation for the rural land. By this model, the migrant farmers can obtain the compensation as the economic base in city and improve the willingness of farmers moving to city and transfer their land to enlarge average arable land scale to develop food production. The paper concluded that the way to solve the shortage of arable land was to speed up the process of urbanization, promote the circulation of cultivated land to realize the expansion of rural per capita arable land to ensure food security. Therefore, it is needed to build a unified construction land market, realize the same price and same right between state-owned land and rural collective land, giving farmers more property rights.
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Li, Dacheng, Yanrong Li, Wenfu Yang, Yanqin Ge, Qijin Han, Lingling Ma, Yonghong Chen, and Xuan Li. "An Enhanced Single-Pair Learning-Based Reflectance Fusion Algorithm with Spatiotemporally Extended Training Samples." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081207.
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Spatiotemporal fusion methods are considered a useful tool for generating multi-temporal reflectance data with limited high-resolution images and necessary low-resolution images. In particular, the superiority of sparse representation-based spatiotemporal reflectance fusion model (SPSTFM) in capturing phenology and type changes of land covers has been preliminarily demonstrated. Meanwhile, the dictionary training process, which is a key step in the sparse learning-based fusion algorithm, and its effect on fusion quality are still unclear. In this paper, an enhanced spatiotemporal fusion scheme based on the single-pair SPSTFM algorithm has been proposed through improving the process of dictionary learning, and then evaluated using two actual datasets, with one representing a rural area with phenology changes and the other representing an urban area with land cover type changes. The validated strategy for enhancing the dictionary learning process is divided into two modes to enlarge the training datasets with spatially and temporally extended samples. Compared to the original learning-based algorithm and other employed typical single-pair-based fusion models, experimental results from the proposed fusion method with two extension modes show improved performance in modeling reflectance using the two preceding datasets. Furthermore, the strategy with temporally extended training samples is more effective than the strategy with spatially extended training samples for the land cover area with phenology changes, whereas it is opposite for the land cover area with type changes.
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Ridwan, Muhammed Ammar Rusydi Rosnin, Abdul Aabid, Sher Afghan Khan, Jaffar Syed Mohamed Ali, and Mohd. Azan Mohammed Sapardi. "Effect of Expansion Level and Relief to Shear Layer in a Suddenly Expanded Flow: A CFD Approach." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 100, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 202–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.100.3.202229.
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Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis was used to study the effect of expansion level in a suddenly expanded flow for a converging-diverging nozzle expanded to the duct of larger diameter at supersonic Mach number. Parameters include the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR), L/D ratio, and area ratio. The model of the converging-diverging (C-D) nozzle suddenly expanding into the enlarged duct with the cavity was created using the Design Modeler of ANSYS Fluent. The Mach number of the study is 1.6. The area ratio varied from 2.25 to 5.29, and the L/D ranged from 1 to 10. The simulated nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) ranged from 2, 3, 4.25, and 6.375. The outcome demonstrated that the geometric alteration and NPR strongly affect the base pressure. The ambient pressure influences result in lower L/Ds. The cavity of aspect ratio 1 is most effective in raising the base pressure. Increasing the width does not yield any desirable results. However, the location of the cavity played a very significant role in base pressure regulation. The duct's wall pressure and the flow field remained identical with and without control.
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Wu, Jin, Yong Liu, Yuanpei Zhu, and Zun Li. "Atrous residual convolutional neural network based on U-Net for retinal vessel segmentation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): e0273318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273318.
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Extracting features of retinal vessels from fundus images plays an essential role in computer-aided diagnosis of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. Although a number of deep learning-based methods have been used in this field, the accuracy of retinal vessel segmentation remains challenging due to limited densely annotated data, inter-vessel differences, and structured prediction problems, especially in areas of small blood vessels and the optic disk. In this paper, we propose an ARN model with a atrous block to address these issues, which can avoid the loss of data structure, and enlarge the receptive field, so that each convolution output contains a larger range of information. In addition, we also introduce residual convolution network to increase the network depth and improve the network performance.Some key parameters are used to measure the feasibility of the model, such as sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), F1-score (F1), accuracy (Acc), and area under each curve (AUC). Experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, which accuracy are 0.9686 on the DRIVE and 0.9746 on the CHASE DB1. The segmentation structure can assist the doctor in diagnosis more effectively.
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Köber, Dietlinde, Felix Weber, Eugen Lozincă, and Viorel Popa. "Base Isolation Compared to Capacity Design for Long Corner Periods and Pulse-Type Seismic Records." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021217.
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Southern Romania is a geographic region with alluvial deposits. This soil type leads to rather long corner periods and provides as a particularity of the response spectrum an enlarged plateau. These conditions produce large displacement demands. Moreover, pulse-type ground acceleration records make this seismic area more unique. Research on the seismic behaviour of structures built under such unusual conditions is limited and Romanian engineers are not confident to apply alternative solutions such as base isolation. Although capacity design is still the regular design method applied in Romania, modern base isolation solutions may overcome the large displacement demand expectation produced by seismic events and fulfil immediate occupancy requirements. This study presents the seismic performance of an existing hospital from Bucharest, for which two seismic design solutions were applied: (i) classical approach based on capacity design and (ii) base isolation. Both approaches are compared in terms of drift, acceleration and base shear values. Static as well as non-linear dynamic analysis methods were applied.
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Mei, Ying, Mei Li, Jie Song, and Xiao Xue Gao. "Stress Analysis of Perforated Plate Based on ANSYS." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1372.
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Based on nonlinear FEA software ANSYS, 3D simulation models of eighteen-type perforated plate that have different open-pore number was established. Analysis results indicate: Maximum equivalent stress of perforated plate mainly takes place on symmetry center of outer open-pore for open-pore area. With increasing open-pore number, maximum equivalent stress and each-direction maximum stress of perforated plate presents to enlarge trend. When open-pore number less than or equal to twelve, value of maximum equivalent stress mainly is decided by Z-direction maximum stress. When open-pore number greater than twelve, value of maximum equivalent stress mainly is decided by Y-direction maximum stress. When ratio m less than 2, with increasing ratio m, maximum equivalent stress and each-direction maximum stress of perforated plate presents to reduce trend. When X-direction and Y-direction open-pore numbe of perforated plate is basically equilibrium distribution, X -direction maximum stress is about equle to half of maximum equivalent stress.
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Jun, Zhuo, Huang Yingrui, Li Lele, and Mark J. Greeven. "YC Company: decreasing profit margin in overseas market." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2012-0214.
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Subject area Strategic management. Study level/applicability This case is suitable for graduate students, postgraduate students and MBAs. Case overview YC Company is a foreign trade SME operating in the lighting fixtures export business in Ningbo City, a major outdoor lighting products manufacturing base in mainland China. Established by Li Lele in 2008, the sales revenue and gross profit of YC Company have been increasing every year, reaching $ 4.06 million and ¥ 1.00 million, respectively, by the end of 2011. However, the growth rate of profit lagged far behind the growth of sales revenue. If this situation were not controlled, YC Company would hardly survive in this increasingly competitive market. Li Lele, the CEO of the company, was trying to find a way to enlarge the profit margin. Expected learning outcomes This case lets students learn more about strategic management. Students are expected to learn: how to precisely identify and map a problem; and how to select a better solution by analyzing the context and using some strategic analysis tools, such as Porter's Five Power, Smile Curve, SWOT. In the learning process, students are expected to acquire a better knowledge of some strategic management theory/method, international business, the condition of small and medium trading companies in China. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Li, Fangxin, Heng Li, Min-Koo Kim, and King-Chi Lo. "Laser Scanning Based Surface Flatness Measurement Using Flat Mirrors for Enhancing Scan Coverage Range." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040714.
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Surface flatness is an important indicator for the quality assessment of concrete surfaces during and after slab construction in the construction industry. Thanks to its speed and accuracy, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been popularly used for surface flatness inspection of concrete slabs. However, the current TLS based approach for surface flatness inspection has two primary limitations associated with scan range and occluded area. First, the areas far away from the TLS normally suffer from inaccurate measurement caused by low scan density and high incident angle of laser beams. Second, physical barriers such as interior walls cause occluded areas where the TLS is not able to scan for surface flatness inspection. To address these limitations, this study presents a new method that employs flat mirrors to increase the measurement range with acceptable measurement accuracy and make possible the scanning of occluded areas even when the TLS is out of sight. To validate the proposed method, experiments on two laboratory-scale specimens are conducted, and the results show that the proposed approach can enlarge the scan range from 5 m to 10 m. In addition, the proposed method is able to address the occlusion problem of the previous methods by changing the laser beam direction. Based on these results, it is expected that the proposed technique has the potential for accurate and efficient surface flatness inspection in the construction industry.
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Prabawati, Anindita, Evi Frimawaty, and Joko T. Haryanto. "Strengthening Stakeholder Partnership in Plastics Waste Management Based on Circular Economy Paradigm." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 4278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054278.
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Indonesia became the second-largest global marine plastics contributor, with annual plastic marine debris estimated at 0.48–1.29 million metric tons per year. In Jakarta’s coastal area, 59% of the marine litter is plastics. The circular economy is a new paradigm adopted in plastic waste management in Indonesia, and research in this area continues to grow. This circular economy paradigm requires sufficient collaboration among stakeholders in plastic waste management. However, the data on Indonesia’s best partnership scheme for plastic waste management is still lacking. This study aims to fill the gap by examining the most feasible partnership scheme that brings the most effective plastics waste handling and economic benefit. This study used a quantitative questionnaire followed by an interview to provide information about stakeholders’ participation in plastic waste management in Central Jakarta. A stakeholder analysis was employed to assess the best partnership scheme. The result finds that the public-government partnership is the most feasible and sustainable partnership to be implemented in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Collaboration between the public and government could enlarge service coverage in managing plastic waste based on the circular economy paradigm. Strengthening the public-government scheme contributes positively to the plastics collection rate, recycling rate, benefit-sharing, and positive perspective among stakeholders.
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Wan, M., Y. Guo, S. Li, and T. Liu. "METHOD OF IMPROVED TDICCD DESIGN BASED ON SENSOR CLOCKING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-3-2020 (August 3, 2020): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-3-2020-689-2020.
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Abstract. The final output signal quality of TDICCD is related to the key parameters such as working mode, output mode, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range and so on. We can improve these parameters of TDICCD by reasonably designing the sensor clocking. Therefore, this text discussed four methods of improved TDICCD sensor clocking to solve some problem in TDICCD application based on using the principle of TDICCD. The technique of TDICCD Taps merging can reduce the number of TDICCD Taps, which helps to reduce the size of the TDICCD rear-end circuit significantly; The technique of TDICCD continuous transfer clocking can improve the charge transfer efficiency, which helps to promote the final signal-to-noise ratio; The technique of pixel binning clocking can enlarge the dynamic range of image; The technique of TDICCD area-array working mode can extend the field of TDICCD working; The principle, derivation process, clocking sequence diagram and application range of these clocking design schemes are given in this paper. At the same time, it also explains its actual effect and the matters to be noted.
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Mandarino, Andrea, Giacomo Pepe, Andrea Cevasco, and Pierluigi Brandolini. "Quantitative Assessment of Riverbed Planform Adjustments, Channelization, and Associated Land Use/Land Cover Changes: The Ingauna Alluvial-Coastal Plain Case (Liguria, Italy)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183775.
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The active-channel planform adjustments that have occurred along the Centa, lower Arroscia and lower Neva rivers since 1930, along with the riverbed channelization processes and the land-use and land-cover changes in disconnected riverine areas, were investigated through a multitemporal analysis based on remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). These watercourses flow through the largest Ligurian alluvial-coastal plain in a completely anthropogenic landscape. This research is based on the integrated use of consolidated and innovative metrics for riverbed planform analysis. Specific indices were introduced to assess active-channel lateral migration in relation to the active-channel area abandonment and formation processes. The Arroscia and Neva riverbeds experienced narrowing, progressive stabilization, and braiding phenomena disappearance from 1930 to the early 1970s, and then slight narrowing up to the late 1980s. Subsequently, generalized stability was observed. Conversely, the Centa was not affected by relevant planform changes. Recently, all rivers underwent a slight to very slight width increase triggered by the November 2016 high-magnitude flood. The active-channel adjustments outlined in this paper reflect the relevant role in conditioning the river morphology and dynamics played by channelization works built from the 1920s to the early 1970s. They (i) narrowed, straightened, and stabilized the riverbed and (ii) reduced the floodable surface over the valley-floor. Thus, large disconnected riverine areas were occupied by human activities and infrastructures, resulting in a progressive increase in vulnerable elements exposed to hydrogeomorphic hazards. The outlined morphological dynamics (i) display significant differences in terms of chronology, type, and magnitude of active-channel planform adjustments with respect to the medium- and short-term morphological evolution of most Italian rivers and (ii) reflect the widespread urbanization of Ligurian major valley floors that occurred over the 20th century. The outcomes from this study represent an essential knowledge base from a river management perspective; the novel metrics enlarge the spectrum of available GIS tools for active-channel planform analysis.
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Arata, Jumpei, and Hideo Fujimoto. "Redundant Parallel Mechanism for Haptic Applications." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 4 (July 5, 2010): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0338.
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With haptic devices becoming increasingly common in both industrial field and consumer use, parallel mechanisms have been widely introduced for their high rigidity, output, accuracy and high backdrivability due to their multi-legged structure and fixed base actuators. In general parallel mechanism, redundancy enlarges the working area and avoids singularity. The redundant parallel mechanism we present introduces these advantages into haptic applications. Introducing this mechanism into a multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOF) structure realizes a wide range of working areas in rotation. The redundant parallel mechanism implemented in translational force display device, and multi-DOF force display device demonstrate the advantages of the redundant parallel mechanism in haptic applications. Following an overview, we introduce the prototype implementation and evaluation of these devices and discuss the effectiveness of the redundant parallel mechanism in haptic applications.
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Pilotti, Luciano. "Evolutionary and adaptive local systems in North East Italy: Strategies of localized learning, open leadership and cooperation. Towards imperfect “communitarian capitalism”." Human Systems Management 18, no. 2 (July 19, 1999): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-1999-18204.
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We consider the nature of local production systems as a complex institutional form of coordination of the division of labor between firms as growing interrelations mediated by cognitve resources transferable by sharing internal/external competences. In this way emerge a process of internalization of competences thorought an evolutionary networking oriented to the efficiency of the system and not simply of single units. Our analysis is oriented to describe the peculiarity of the institutional system in the case of North East industrial districts. We assumes the North East industrial economy evolves on the basis of differentiated learning capacities, according to a complex system of economic and social relations encouraging the circulation of useful knowledge and information for economic growth and expanding both base of industrial leadership and spillover chain. The North East economy is well described in terms of a Multilevel Neural Network. This approach tends to revaluate local contexts as specific and active box of innovation resources, over simple considerations as factors of localisation, in other words a bridge between local and global resources. Learning processes and institutional contexts are variables that often seem to bind together economic and social factors. The orientation towards growth and innovation is due to the peculiarity of relationships based system existing in the district area, regarding the prevalent system (albeit incomplete) of learning strategies of both firms and institutions. This system is multi-purpose and oriented to produce through processes of both activities, self-coordination and self-learning. We have identified the “generator” of growth as meta-organisers. They comprise two classes of co-operators, not necessary alternative: innovative firms (as specialists, connectors, generators) and local institutions (private and public agents, or sub-systems of institutions), involved directly or indirectly in the process of innovation and/or to reduce costs of operations. In the last part of work we will show a simple model of differentiation of some industrial districts in North East of Italy: more efficient is the district with high level of intermediate institutions (private as firms and public as local authority and infrastructure) and with more large base of SMEs leadership. Two main forms of district emerge: the evolutionary district (for example, as Montebelluna specialised on ski-shoes business) and non evolutionary ones (adaptive district) (for example, as Maniago specialised on knives business), where we find a really limited base of leadership and constraints to enlarge division of labor between firms. We shall consider some elements related to district economies and their evolution as far as regulations are concerned, in order to show that the North East’s model of development is a peculiar form of “communitarian or social capitalism” for some aspects analogous to that of the Rhine area (a clear form of “corporatist capitalism”).
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NURALIEV, MAXIM S., ANTON S. BEER, ANDREY N. KUZNETSOV, and SVETLANA P. KUZNETSOVA. "Argostemma cordatum (Rubiaceae), a new species from Vietnam." Phytotaxa 317, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.317.1.4.
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Argostemma cordatum, a new species of Rubiaceae, is described and illustrated. The species was discovered in 2014 during a botanical survey of the Chu Yang Sin National Park (Dak Lak province, Southern Vietnam). Argostemma cordatum possesses a solitary large leaf per plant (along with one very small leaf). The new species differs from morphologically similar species mainly by the small size of the enlarged leaf and cordate base of the enlarged leaf. It is also characterized by the following features: plant completely glabrous, stipules minute and reduced to papillate warts, inflorescence with all axes elongated, anthers coherent into anther cone and dehiscent by longitudinal slits, style slightly exserted. An extended description of the vegetation in the area inhabited by A. cordatum is provided.
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Höpfner, Ingo, Martina Friede, Stephan Unger, and Wolfram Beyschlag. "Potential advantages of highly mycotrophic foraging for the establishment of early successional pioneer plants on sand." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 1 (2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14097.
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Adaptive traits ensuring efficient nutrient acquisition, such as extensive fine root systems, are crucial for establishment of pioneer plants on bare sand. Some successful pioneer species of temperate, European sand ecosystems are characterised as obligate mycorrhizals, thus likely substituting fine roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, it is not clear whether AM fungal-mediated acquisition of scarce and immobile nutrients such as phosphorus (P) is an advantageous strategy on bare sand over foraging via roots. We compared the foraging performance of three obligately mycorrhizal forbs and two facultatively mycorrhizal grasses, regarding the influence of AMF on their capacity to acquire P from bare sand. Comparison of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal individuals revealed a markedly higher AM fungal-dependency for P acquisition and growth in the forbs than in the grasses. Periodical soil core sampling, allowing for assessment of root and hyphal growth rates, revealed hyphal growth to markedly enlarge the total absorptive surface area (SA) in the forbs, but not in the grasses. Correlations between SA growth and P depletion suggest an AM fungal-induced enhanced capacity for rapid soil P exploitation in the forbs. Our study showed that AM fungal-mediated foraging may be an advantageous strategy over root-mediated foraging in sand pioneer plants.
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Badrloo, S., and M. Varshosaz. "VISION BASED OBSTACLE DETECTION IN UAV IMAGING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 23, 2017): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-21-2017.
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Detecting and preventing incidence with obstacles is crucial in UAV navigation and control. Most of the common obstacle detection techniques are currently sensor-based. Small UAVs are not able to carry obstacle detection sensors such as radar; therefore, vision-based methods are considered, which can be divided into stereo-based and mono-based techniques. Mono-based methods are classified into two groups: Foreground-background separation, and brain-inspired methods. Brain-inspired methods are highly efficient in obstacle detection; hence, this research aims to detect obstacles using brain-inspired techniques, which try to enlarge the obstacle by approaching it. A recent research in this field, has concentrated on matching the SIFT points along with, SIFT size-ratio factor and area-ratio of convex hulls in two consecutive frames to detect obstacles. This method is not able to distinguish between near and far obstacles or the obstacles in complex environment, and is sensitive to wrong matched points. In order to solve the above mentioned problems, this research calculates the dist-ratio of matched points. Then, each and every point is investigated for Distinguishing between far and close obstacles. The results demonstrated the high efficiency of the proposed method in complex environments.
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CAMERON, JAMES N., and GEORGE K. IWAMA. "Compensation of Progressive Hypercapnia in Channel Catfish and Blue Crabs." Journal of Experimental Biology 133, no. 1 (November 1, 1987): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.133.1.183.
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Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) were progressively acclimated to CO2 partial pressures of 7.5, 15, 30, 45 and 58 mmHg (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8% CO2 in air) and blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) to 15, 30 and 45 mmHg, with 24 h at each partial pressure. Measurements of both conventional acid-base parameters (pH, PCO2. total CO2) and ‘strong’ ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cl−) were made at various times during each treatment. Intracellular [Na+], [K+] and [Cl−] were determined for red and white muscle in control and hypercapnic (8%) catfish. Extracellular [HCO3−] and strong ion difference (SID) both rose during hypercapnic compensation, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.97 (P<0.01) for catfish and 0.41 (NS) for blue crabs. Since [HCO3−] is calculated from two rapid measurements, and SID from four separate procedures, the former appears to be the measurement of choice. The results also dispel the notion of a 30 mequiv1−1 upper limit to bicarbonate compensation: [HCO3−] values over 50mequiv1−1 were achieved in both animals, and %pH regulation remained around 70% at the highest PCO2 Due to superior intracellular buffering, the large change in extracellular SID did not lead to a measurable change in the concentrations of the major intracellular ions. The primary gill filaments of hypercapnic catfish showed a 30% increase in numbers and a 75% increase in area of apical crypts of chloride cells. The chloride cell ‘patches’ in crab gills increased in staining density after hypercapnia but did not enlarge. Note: Present address: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H4JI.
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Ricciardi, M., E. Tocho, M. S. Tacaliti, A. Vasicek, D. O. Giménez, A. Paglione, J. Simmonds, J. W. Snape, M. Cakir, and A. M. Castro. "Mapping quantitative trait loci for resistance against Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 12 (2010): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10188.
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Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid, RWA), one of the most aggressive pests of wheat, has evolved several biotypes with virulence matching known Dn resistance genes. This paper was aimed at determining the location of plant-defence genes triggered by RWA in a set of doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the cross of winter wheat varieties ‘Spark’ and ‘Rialto’. Both parental lines, 110 DH and CItr2401 (a RWA-resistant line) were screened for antixenosis, tolerance and antibiotic mechanisms of resistance with a population of RWA collected in Argentina. Antixenosis was not significantly linked to any marker locus. Tolerance traits showed significant associations with several chromosomes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the foliar area developed during infestation was significantly associated with marker loci Xpsp3103 on 4DS, and Xgdm3 on 5DS. QTL for chlorophyll content in the infested plants were significantly associated with the marker loci Xgwm533 on 3BS and Xpsp3094 on 7AL, and a QTL for the number of expanded leaves was associated with the marker loci Xwmc264 on 3AS and XwPt8836 on 4DS. QTL for most of the tolerance traits were significantly associated with the same chromosome intervals on chromosomes 4DS and 5DS. The 4DS QTL were linked to or had a pleiotropic effect on Rht-D1. Most of the antibiosis traits were significantly associated with the same marker loci on chromosomes 4A (XwPt7405), 1B (XwPt9032) and 5B (Xbarc109 and Xbarc74). Several novel genes conferring tolerance and antibiosis to RWA were identified and these could be transferred into wheat cultivars to enlarge the genetic base of defence against this aphid pest. These new genes can be designated as QDn.unlp genes, following the rules for gene nomenclature in wheat.
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Yakupova, Jamilya B., and Kazhmurat M. Akhmedenov. "Nannopterygius finds in the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Earth Sciences 22, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2022-22-2-132-139.
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This article describes the skeletal fragments of new species of ichthyosaurus Nannopterygius mikhailovi sp. nov. and Nannopterygius yakimenkae sp. nov. from the Upper Volga sublayer of the Upper Jurassic of the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Shchuchkino section). The species are assigned to the genus Nannopterygius. As studies show fragments of skeletons of representatives of the genus Nannopterygius are often found in Late Jurassic sediments at the location of the village of Shchuchkino in the Krasnovsky rural district of the Bayterek district of theWest Kazakhstanregion. Theselection of newspecies is based on thestructure of the forelimbwith awider diaphysis and a large base of the first finger, the two-facet structure of the femurs which make up 2/3 of the forelimb and the peculiar structure of the main occipital bone and the main sphenoid bone, reinforced by outgrowths along the lateral edges, an enlarged area of the humerus indicating an increase in the area of the forelimbs, the interclavicle having a triangular distal shield.
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Wen, Wen, Bradut-Eugen Ghidersa, Wolfgang Hering, Jörg Starflinger, and Robert Stieglitz. "Heat Pipe-Based DEMO Divertor Target Concept: High Heat Flux Performance Evaluation." Journal of Nuclear Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 278–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jne4010021.
Full textAbstract:
The use of heat pipes (HP) for the DEMO in-vessel plasma-facing components (PFCs) has been considered because of their high capacity to transport the heat from a heat source to a heat sink by means of the vaporization and condensation of the working fluid inside and their ability to enlarge the heat transfer area of the cooling circuit substantially. Recent engineering studies conducted in the framework of the EUROfusion work package Divertor (Wen et al, 2021) indicate that it is possible to design a heat pipe with a capillary limit above 6 kW using a composite capillary structure (wherein axial grooves cover the adiabatic zone and the condenser, and sintered porous material covers the evaporator). This power level would correspond to an applied heat flux of 20 MW/m2, rendering such a design interesting with respect to a divertor target concept. To validate the results of the initial engineering analysis, several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the actual performance of the proposed heat pipe concept. The present contribution presents the experiment’s results regarding the examination of the operating limits of two different designs for an evaporator: one featuring a plain porous structure, and one featuring ribs and channels.
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ZIEGLER, THOMAS, and LE KHAC QUYET. "A new natricine snake of the genus Amphiesma (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) from the central Truong Son, Vietnam." Zootaxa 1225, no. 1 (June 5, 2006): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1225.1.4.
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A new species of Amphiesma is described from the Truong Son (Annamite mountain range) of Quang Binh Province in central Vietnam. This new species is characterized by the combination of the distinct coloration and pattern, the slender body and tail (tail/total length ratio 0.31), the large eye diameter, a single loreal and preocular, three postoculars, a single anterior and posterior temporal, nine supralabials (fourth to sixth reach the eye), nine infralabials, 179 ventrals (plus two preventrals), anal plate divided, 99 divided subcaudals, dorsal scales in 19-19-17 keeled rows, 34 maxillary teeth (the two posteriormost enlarged), hemipenis simple, with undivided sperm groove, covered with small spines except for a single, strongly enlarged spine next to the sperm groove at the hemipenis base and except for irregularly arranged medium-sized spines that encircle the organ horizontally at the trunco-pedicel area. The new taxon is known only from a single male specimen that was collected in a limestone forest valley.
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Miura, Seiji, Tatsuichi Tanahashi, Yoshinao Mishima, and Tetsuo Mohri. "Alloy Design of Nb-Si Based High Temperature Alloys by Phase Stability Control." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.444.
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In order to spheroidize -Nb5Si3 strengthening phase embedded in Nb matrix for attaining a good room temperature toughness of Nb-Si alloy, the authors have proposed a microstructure control technique by combining eutectic and eutectoid reactions. Nb3Si intermetallic compound formed during solidification is a key phase for the microstructure control, but its stability is very sensitive to the alloying elements. Nb3Si disappears by adding as small as 3 at% of W and Mo, while these elements are very effective for the solid solution strengthening of Nb phase. For a further alloy development, establishment of an alloy design concept based on the control of phase stability of Nb3Si is needed. Similarly to ferrous alloys such as stainless steels where Cr and Ni are added to control the stability of bcc phase and fcc phase, two alloying elements (one is a stabilizing element and the other is a destabilizing element for Nb3Si phase) are added to a Nb-Si binary master alloy and their microstructure is investigated using SEM. The stabilizing element Ta is found to enlarge the composition area where Nb3Si exists even with the destabilizing element Mo, and it is confirmed that the phase stability concept is useful for designing Nb-Si based alloys.
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K, Basri, and Sarinah Basri K. "The Strategy of Workforce Management Based on Risk Assessment of Manual Handling Work with Suitability of Work Environment in Makasar Industrial Area, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (March 26, 2022): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8433.
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BACKGROUND: A good work environment suitability has a major impact on health and safety, and it encourages a more productive workforce. When it is incompatible with labor, it can lead to unintended impacts and various risks. AIM: We aimed to investigate the strategy of workforce management based on risk assessment of manual handling work with suitability of work environment in Makasar industrial area, Indonesia. METHODS: Twenty three workforce samples are selected from Makassar Industrial Area (KIMA), Indonesia. The risk of manual handling work is assessed based on the suitability of the work environment to the workforce’s response using Guttman scale, in which the answer YES = 1 means there is a risk, while the answer NO = 0 means there is no risk. However, the scales are the reproducibility coefficient ≥ 0.90 and scalability coefficient ≥0.60, and Guttman scale score is calculated from Tn = total answers of “YES” for the KPI in the scale. Meanwhile, the SWOT-4Q is used to analyze the strategy of industry supervisor samples. RESULTS: For the workforce, eight of nine risk assessments do not show risk, and only “high vibration intensity in the workplace,” with a percentage of 78.26%, affects the excessive condition. The strategy used by the supervisors in quadrant I is in accordance with the strength of the risk assessment and has a great opportunity to reduce risk. The management maximally exploits the big opportunity of the manual handling work. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that most of the workforce did not experience the risk of manual handling work with the suitability of the work environment. In addition, industrial supervisors should implement a growth strategy because they can enlarge the industry by taking advantage of the advantages of manual handling work to maximize the exploitation of large manual handling work opportunities.
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Bürger, Raimund, Elvis Gavilán, Daniel Inzunza, Pep Mulet, and Luis Miguel Villada. "Exploring a Convection–Diffusion–Reaction Model of the Propagation of Forest Fires: Computation of Risk Maps for Heterogeneous Environments." Mathematics 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101674.
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The propagation of a forest fire can be described by a convection–diffusion–reaction problem in two spatial dimensions, where the unknowns are the local temperature and the portion of fuel consumed as functions of spatial position and time. This model can be solved numerically in an efficient way by a linearly implicit–explicit (IMEX) method to discretize the convection and nonlinear diffusion terms combined with a Strang-type operator splitting to handle the reaction term. This method is applied to several variants of the model with variable, nonlinear diffusion functions, where it turns out that increasing diffusivity (with respect to a given base case) significantly enlarges the portion of fuel burnt within a given time while choosing an equivalent constant diffusivity or a degenerate one produces comparable results for that quantity. In addition, the effect of spatial heterogeneity as described by a variable topography is studied. The variability of topography influences the local velocity and direction of wind. It is demonstrated how this variability affects the direction and speed of propagation of the wildfire and the location and size of the area of fuel consumed. The possibility to solve the base model efficiently is utilized for the computation of so-called risk maps. Here the risk associated with a given position in a sub-area of the computational domain is quantified by the rapidity of consumption of a given amount of fuel by a fire starting in that position. As a result, we obtain that, in comparison with the planar case and under the same wind conditions, the model predicts a higher risk for those areas where both the variability of topography (as expressed by the gradient of its height function) and the wind velocity are influential. In general, numerical simulations show that in all cases the risk map with for a non-planar topography includes areas with a reduced risk as well as such with an enhanced risk as compared to the planar case.
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Rykhtorova, Anna E. "Global Trends in Marketing Technologies to Promote Library Websites." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-2-135-146.
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In recent decades, the scope of library activities has changed. In addition to providing traditional resources and services, today libraries themselves are becoming developers of digital content and providers of access to electronic content. The user base of libraries is also undergoing significant changes: there are changing the user generations, employment trends, areas of interest and habits. Realizing that marketing activities can increase user loyalty, form public opinion about both — a particular institution and libraries in general, increase the visibility of library resources and enlarge market share, the most active specialists are adapting marketing to the conditions of libraries operation. In 2019, there was organized the study on the websites of libraries in Russia, Australia, the United States and Canada, Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America, as well as in a number of countries in South and South-East Asia in order to identify the main trends in the organization of library promotion in the Internet environment. There were considered the websites of public, national, University and academic libraries. Library websites were analysed for the use of 10 most common tools in Internet marketing, such as: the transition to a modern web site design, effective linking with social networks, marketing in social networks (Social Media Marketing, SMM), the use of banner advertising, the availability of subscription to e-mailing, the publication of press and post releases, the presence of a blog in the library domain, the availability of content evaluation and sharing tools in social networks. The study conclusion was the identification of trends in the development of library sites over a large area and the compilation of heat maps, which clearly demonstrate such trends, where the libraries of the countries of North America, Australia and Northern Europe showed greater consistency with the parameters selected for the study; Central and Southern Europe, Russia and part of the countries of Latin America are in the transition zone, and the least compliance are found in the countries of South Asia. The most common means of promotion is the publication of press and post releases. Among the least used marketing technologies are blogs in the library domain, embedded video and Internet broadcasts, as well as work on optimizing sites for an audience from social networks.