Relevant bibliographies by topics / ENLARGE AREA AT BASE

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'ENLARGE AREA AT BASE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ENLARGE AREA AT BASE"

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He, Hong, Cong Cong Wu, Tong Yang, Lin He, and Dan Li. "Analysis of Smart Antenna Interference Suppression Base on LMS Improved Algorithm." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1019.

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Smart antenna technology can increase channel capacity, improve spectrum efficiency and enlarge cover area by using its spatial diversity ability , which greatly improve system performance . A least mean squares (LMS) is posed for the smart antenna adaptive interference suppression system based on the training sequence. Also , the least mean square (LMS) and least squares (RLS) algorithm are proposed for the design and simulation about interference suppression and compare and analyze the result which can prove the effectiveness about algorithm in TD-SCDMA system .According to the results, the new method with a faster convergence speed, which doesn`t matter with interference environments, is better than LMS.
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Gu, Yun, Le-Qing Fan, Jian-Ling Huang, Cheng-Long Geng, Jian-Ming Lin, Miao-Liang Huang, Yun-Fang Huang, and Ji-Huai Wu. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co-Doped NiSe2 Nanowire for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081468.

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Co@NiSe2 electrode materials were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method by using nickel foam in situ as the backbone and subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a specific surface area analyzer. Results show that the Co@NiSe2 electrode exhibits a nanowire structure and grows uniformly on the nickel foam base. These features make the electrode show a relatively high specific surface area and electrical conductivity, and thus exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. The obtained electrode has a high specific capacitance of 3167.6 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1. To enlarge the potential window and increase the energy density, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled by using a Co@NiSe2 electrode and activated carbon acting as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The prepared asymmetrical supercapacitor functions stably under the potential window of 0–1.6 V. The asymmetric supercapacitor can deliver a high energy density of 50.0 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 779.0 W·kg−1. Moreover, the prepared asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a good rate performance and cycle stability.
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Zhang, Haotian, Fuju Li, Ji Tai, and Jun Zhou. "Research on Structural Design of an Isolated High-Rise Building with Enlarged Base and Multiple Tower Layer in High-Intensity Area." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669388.

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In the high intensity areas, the application of interlayer spacing technology can achieve the unity of quality and seismic performance of high-rise buildings with enlarged base and multiple tower layers. Through the comparison and analysis of the structural schemes of an enlarged base multiple tower-layer high-rise building, the ultimate seismic isolation scheme was adopted, and its seismic response and seismic performance were analyzed and studied. The results show that the overall seismic isolation effect of the story isolation technique is good, which can greatly reduce the seismic response, and is an effective means to improve the seismic safety of the structure. Considering the structural characteristics of the project, the improvement of the economy and the quality of the building, the use of story isolation technique in the enlarged base multiple tower-layer structure in the high-intensity region is an optimal scheme. Finally, several key technical issues such as the combined seismic isolation scheme of the enlarged base story isolation technique and the additional bending moment of the isolator and the tensile device of the isolator were discussed, which can provide some references for similar engineering practices.
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Lutfi, Muhamad, and Ersa Bestari Mulyadi. "EVALUATION OF SEKOLAH ISLAM TERPADU (SIT) ALIYA BOGOR BUILDING STRUCTURE SYSTEM BASED ON THE REQUIREMENTS OF SNI 2847:2019." astonjadro 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v10i1.3105.

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<p class="ListParagraph1">Sekolah Islam Terpadu (SIT) Aliya Bogor is located in west Bogor district, Bogor city, West Java, was founded in 200, thus the standards used by planning consultant in building planning using old standard, where these standards have been updated with current standard, namely SNI 2847:2019. The evaluation carried out in this study based on requirements SNI 2847:2019 knowing the outcome of building that was said to be safe used help software ETABS) and SpColumn. Length of building of Umar Bin Khatab A and B are 18,60 meter;23,65 meter.Building area of building Umar Bin Khatab A and B are 541,26 m<sup>2</sup>; 865,59 m<sup>2</sup>. Concrete quality assessment (fc’) that came from the test of hammer test column elements, beam elements, and plate elements as big 23,74 Mpa;26,59 Mpa;26,59 Mpa. After analysis some of to experience overstrength. The original column dimension In Building of Umar Bin Khatab A was K25x25 with shear reinforcement is Ø16-150 enlarge to K40x40 with shear reinforcement is Ø39-150 and beam dimension 20x40 enlarge to 35x55. On the building of Umar Bin Khatab B was K25x25 with shear reinforcement Ø16-150 enlarge to K40x40 with shear reinforcement Ø25-150, with the original beam dimension 20x40 enlarge to 30x55. The cost budget in the building of Umar Bin Khatab A is Rp 74.158.600,00 and in building of Umar Bin Khatab B is Rp 61.084.600,00.</p>
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Ahmed, Fharrukh, and S. A. Khan. "Investigation of efficacy of low length-to-diameter ratio and nozzle pressure ratio on base pressure in an abruptly expanded flow." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817201004.

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This study has been carried out to assess the efficacy of the flow regulations in the form of tiny jets to regulate the pressure in the base region of an abruptly expanded duct. Four tiny jets of 1mm diameter placed at 90° intervals at 6.5 mm distance from the main jet in the wake region of the base were employed as flow management mechanism. The experiments were conducted at the inertia level of M = 2.5 & 3.0. The jets from the nozzles were expanded abruptly into a circular duct with four cross-sectional areas of 2.56, 3.24, 4.84 and 6.25. The L/D ratio of the enlarged duct considered was from 10 to 1 and experiments were conducted for Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) from 3 to 11. Since the jets Mach numbers are high and the highest NPR tested was 11 which imply that the flow remains over expanded, even though, with increase in the NPR, the level of over expansion will decrease. It is well known that for over expanded nozzles an oblique shock will be formed at the nozzle lip, which in turn will result in the increase of the base pressure once it passes through the shock wave. From the results it is observed that for the NPRs 3 and 5 there is no appreciable gain in the base pressure, and hence, control employed as tiny jets are not effective, however, at NPR 7, 9, and 11 there is remarkable change in the base pressure values. This clearly indicates that NPR plays a significant role to decide on the magnitude of the base pressure and the control efficacy of the flow regulation mechanism as the tiny jets. It is found that the present method of flow regulation mechanism can be used as effective regulator of the base flows in an abruptly expanded duct. The control does not alter the nature of the flow in the enlarge duct.
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Hájek, F. "Object-oriented classification of Ikonos satellite data for the identification of tree species composition." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 4 (January 9, 2012): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4500-jfs.

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This paper describes the automated classification of tree species composition from Ikonos 4-meter imagery using an object-oriented approach. The image was acquired over a man-planted forest area with the proportion of various forest types (conifers, broadleaved, mixed) in the Kru&scaron;n&eacute; hory Mts., Czech Republic. In order to enlarge the class signature space, additional channels were calculated by low-pass filtering, IHS transformation and Haralick texture measures. Employing these layers, image segmentation and classification were conducted on several levels to create a hierarchical image object network. The higher level separated the image into smaller parts regarding the stand maturity and structure, the lower (detailed) level assigned individual tree clusters into classes for the main forest species. The classification accuracy was assessed by comparing the automated technique with the field inventory using Kappa coefficient. The study aimed to create a rule-base transferable to other datasets. Moreover, the appropriate scale of common image data and utilisation in forestry management are evaluated.
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Noerhartati, Endang, Tjatursari Widiartin, Maslihah Maslihah, and Nonot Wisnu Karyanto. "STRENGTHENING ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SORGHUM BASED PRODUCTS BY TRAINING, VISIT, AND ONLINE EXTENSION (TVO) SYSTEM." JBFEM 2, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32770/jbfem.vol243-50.

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Strengthening Entrepreneurship is essential for the development of new products-based sorghum which is as an alternative food product of carbohydrate sources, and in the future can be optimized into functional food components. This research aims to develop of sorghum-based entrepreneurship which is expected to enlarge the business capacity and scope of marketing, and the research uses qualitative research method in entrepreneurship. The results showed that the strengthening of sorghum entrepreneurship by using Training, Visit, and Online extension (TVO) System method includes development of technology package from research result on sorghum product sustainable as a healthy food future which must be supported by availability of superior varieties, processing technology, and knowledge about functional food benefits, as well as business packages with the establishment of entrepreneurial units in various groups according to their capabilities, building of sorghum network, opening up new markets by utilizing information technology, thereby eventually enlarge the business capacity and scope of marketing area.
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Tanaka, Kouichi, Nobuyuki Kurashima, Hajime Iizuka, Kiyoshi Ooi, Yoshihiro Machida, Satoshi Shiraki, and Tetsuya Koyama. "Thinner and Miniaturization Embedded Device Package, MCeP, for PoP and Module Application." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 001010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wp67.

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Along with miniaturization and high functionality of electronics, many embedded device substrates and packages have been developed by various companies. We have been also developing embedded device package named MCeP, Molded Core embedded Package. This package consists of base substrate, upper substrate and molding resin. These substrates material is conventional organic base. Bare IC devices without re-routing are mounted on inner surface of base substrate. Upper substrate and base substrate are connected electrically by copper core solder balls. The space between upper and base substrate is encapsulated by molding resin. MCeP is possible to be adopted for bottom package alternative of PoP. For thinner PoP application less than 1.0mm height, thinner MCeP less than 300um has been investigated. Base substrate has 3 conductive layers and thickness is 130um. Upper substrate has 2 conductive layers and thickness is 95um. Embedded layer thickness is 52.5um. For original MCeP, IC device is mounted by flip chip bonding using Au bump and tin-silver solder interconnection. The space between IC device and base substrate is encapsulated by under-filling resin. It is necessary to keep under-filling resin flow area around IC device. Because of this resin flow area, package size should be enlarged. To miniaturize package size, solder bumped IC device and encapsulation by molding resin instead of under-filling resin were used, then resin flow area was eliminated. MCeP is possible to use bottom package alternative for PoP and module application with IC device and passive components embedded.
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Magnússon, Eyjólfur, Helgi Björnsson, Helmut Rott, Matthew J. Roberts, Finnur Pálsson, Sverrir Guđmundsson, Richard A. Bennett, Halldór Geirsson, and Erik Sturkell. "Localized uplift of Vatnajökull, Iceland: subglacial water accumulation deduced from InSAR and GPS observations." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 203 (2011): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905703.

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AbstractWe report on satellite and ground-based observations that link glacier motion with subglacial hydrology beneath Skeiðarárjökull, an outlet glacier of Vatnajökull, Iceland. We have developed a technique that uses interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, from the European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS-1/-2) tandem mission (1995–2000), to detect localized anomalies in vertical ice motion. Applying this technique we identify an area of the glacier where these anomalies are frequent: above the subglacial course of the river Skeiðará, where we observed uplift of 0.15–0.20 m d−1 during a rainstorm and a jökulhlaup, and subsidence at a slower rate subsequent to rainstorms. A similar pattern of motion is apparent from continuous GPS measurements obtained at this location in 2006/07. We argue that transient uplift of the ice surface is caused by water accumulating at the glacier base upstream of an adverse bed slope where the overburden pressure decreases significantly over a short distance. Most of the frictional energy of the flowing water is therefore needed to maintain water temperature at the pressure-melting point. Hence, little energy is available to enlarge water channels sufficiently by melting to accommodate sudden influxes of water to the base. This causes water pressure to exceed the overburden pressure, enabling uplift to occur.
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Guosheng Wang, Guosheng Wang, and Xinxin Zhao and Siyu Han Xinxin Zhao and Siyu Han. "Effect of MgO Addition on the Properties of Ni/Al2O3 and Its Catalytic Activity in Hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 5 (2019): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000793/jcsp/41.05.2019.

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the nickel based alumina-supported catalysts modified or promoted by magnesia were prepared by wet impregnation and successfully used for hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine, the 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 samples exhibits the highest BET surface area, the largest pore volume, and the largest pore diameter in all of the samples such as Ni/Al2O3 and 20Ni-xMgO(80-x)Al2O3 excepted the highest BET surface area of Ni/Al2O3. the average pore diameter of the 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 samples were two times as large as Ni/Al2O3, it was indicated that the function of expanding role or the mesoporosity was increased by addition of MgO, and MgO might be regarded as pore-enlarge agent for the bare Al2O3 support and benefit for the transport of large molecules reactants and products The weak formation of MgO-Al2O3 and MgO-NiO solid solution as a result of competing interaction of MgO with Al2O3 support and NiO precursors restrained the strong interaction of NiO species with Al2O3 support, which favored the dispersion of active Ni centers and improved the reducible degree of NiO species on the surface of the catalysts. The improvement of basicity or the decrease in the number of acid centers in the catalysts avoid the secondary reactions, and subsequently resulted in high catalytic activity. The utilization of meso-porous 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 for catalytic hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine(Shiff’s base) with the highest selectivity of 99.70% and yields of 94.36% implied that the instead of Raney Ni was feasible.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ENLARGE AREA AT BASE"

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Tahir, A. (Ali). "Powering remote area base stations by renewable energy." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201712053278.

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Abstract. The number of cellular subscriptions have seen a tremendous growth in the last decade and to provide connectivity for everyone has led to growth in number of base stations (BSs). BSs installed at places where reliable grid power is not available has increased and will continue to increase in the coming years to connect everybody on the globe. Energy and cost efficiency is becoming a criterion of ever increasing importance in the information and communication technology sector. Energy and cost efficiency is especially important for remote areas where providing mobile communication services is inhibited by the economic drawback of low revenue potential. In this thesis, we discuss the role of BS power consumption in the cellular networks in order to investigate approaches to lower the overall power consumption of the cellular network. The thesis covers structure of a BS and the power consumption of its components. Previous works and research approaches proposed to reduce the power consumption of BSs and to what extent they can lower the power requirement are discussed. Reducing the BS power consumption will reduce the operating cost for the networks and ease the deployment of BSs in remote areas. Also discussed are the two key technical features of 5th generation cellular access networks (beam forming through massive multiple input multiple output antenna systems and ultra-lean system design) that are promising in terms of reducing the BS power consumption. Furthermore, we discuss viable sources of renewable energy that can be used to power BSs in the remote areas. An overview of the renewable energy resources that can be used for this purpose (solar and wind energy) and their availability in different regions is discussed. The setups for harnessing solar and wind energy to generate power are presented in this thesis. For different cases requirements of wind and solar energy systems to power the BSs are calculated. Results show that while solar energy alone is a feasible option in regions at low latitude, small solar energy systems of 4–7 kW rated output power can easily power BS during the entire year. But in regions of high latitude using solar energy alone cannot meet the BS power requirement as there are long durations of very low or negligible solar irradiation levels. Furthermore, the energy produced by small wind energy setups at different wind speeds is investigated for the purpose of powering BSs. We discuss the range of windspeed levels for which the energy produced is sufficient to power a BS. Areas with average windspeeds of 5–8 m/s are very suitable for using wind energy as a source of power for BSs. Hybrid energy systems to power BSs and also a few energy storage options to store excess power are also discussed in this thesis.
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Бабій, Михайло Семенович, Михаил Семенович Бабий, and Mykhailo Semenovych Babii. "Gait recognition on base of representation in spatiotemporal area." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55650.

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New method of automatic gait recognition from video is proposed. The method works with a sequence of silhouettes derived from the video after background subtraction, decreasing shadows and noise. Two-dimensional silhouette shape is converted into one-dimensional signal presenting distance from center of gravity to outline of this silhouette. A set of signals extracted from a sequence of silhouettes forms a two-dimensional picture. The features extraction is performed using Gabor wavelets. Testing the method on the samples of CASIA gait database showed high recognition accuracy.
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Shrestha, Survesh Bahadur. "Defect Detection on Rail Base Area Using Infrared Thermography." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2758.

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This research aims to investigate the application of infrared thermography (IRT) as a method of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for the detection of defects in the rail base area. Rails have to withstand harsh conditions during their application. Therefore, defects can develop in the base area of rails due to stresses such as bending, shear, contact, and thermal stresses, fatigue, and corrosion. Such defects can cause catastrophic failures in the rails, ultimately leading to train derailments. Rail base defects due to fatigue and corrosion are difficult to detect and currently there are no reliable or practical non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for finding these types of defects in the revenue service. Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) had previously conducted a research on the capability of flash IRT to detect defects in rail base area based on simulation approach. The research covered in this thesis is the continuation of the same project.In this research, three rail samples were prepared with each containing a notched-edge, side-drilled holes (SDHs), and bottom-drilled holes (BDHs). Two steel sample blocks containing BDHs and SDHs of different sizes and depths were also prepared. Preliminary IRT trials were conducted on the steel samples to obtain an optimal IRT setup configuration. The initial inspections for one of the steel samples were outsourced to Thermal Wave Imaging (TWI) where they employed Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) technique to enhance the resulting images. Additional inspections of the steel samples were performed in the Southern Illinois University-Carbondale (SIUC) facility. In case of the rail samples, the SDHs and the notched-edge reflectors could not be detected in any of the experimental trials performed in this research. In addition, two more rail samples containing BDHs were prepared to investigate the detection capabilities for three different surface conditions: painted, unpainted, and rusted. The painted surface provided a best-case scenario for inspections while the other conditions offered further insight on correlating the application to industry-like cases.A 1300 W halogen lamp was employed as the heat source for providing continuous thermal excitation for various durations. Post-processing and analysis of the resulting thermal images was performed within the acquisition software using built-in analysis tools such as temperature probes, Region of Interest (ROI) based intensity profiles, and smoothing filters. The minimum defect diameter to depth (aspect) ratio detected in preliminary trials for the steel sample blocks were 1.0 at a diameter of 4.7625 mm (0.1875 in) and 1.5 at a diameter of 3.175 mm (0.125 in). For the inspection of painted rail sample, the longest exposure times (10 sec) provided the best detection capabilities in all sets of trials. The three holes having aspect ratio greater or equal to 1.0 were indicated in the thermal response of the painted and rusted samples while only the two holes having aspect ratio greater or equal to 1.5 were indicated in the unaltered sample. Indications of reflectors were identified through qualitative graphical analysis of pixel intensity distributions obtained along a bending line profile. The results obtained from the painted sample provided a baseline for analyzing the results from the unpainted and rusted rail samples. This provided an insight on the limitations and requirements for future development. The primary takeaway is the need for an optimized heat source. Poor contrast in the resulting image for the unpainted and rusted rail samples is experienced due to both noise and lack of penetration of the heat energy. This could have been due to decreased emissivity values. Moreover, the excitation method employed in this research does not comply with current industry standards for track clearances. Therefore, exploration of alternative excitation methods is recommended.
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Halaburda, Pablo. "Terrorism base potential in the tri-border area of Latin America." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FHalaburda.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Kalev Sepp. "December 2006." AD-A462 564. Includes bibliographical references (p.83-89). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Chan, Gordon Yiu Ming. "The Communist resistance movement in war-torn Guangdong, China, 1937-1945." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28792/.

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This doctoral dissertation traces the origins of the East River and the Hainan Base Areas, which were established by the Chinese Communist Party in Guangdong during the Anti-Japanese War (1937-45) and explains why they failed to achieve the kind of dramatic expansion as did their northern counterparts. As the case of the East River Base Area demonstrates, the major problem which confronted the Party was the limited scope of Japanese occupation. The absence of widespread political anarchy on the Guangdong mainland did not only trigger much initial debate among Party leaders over the possibility of guerrilla mobilisation but also imposed severe constraints on local attempts to construct Communist bases. In Hainan, although the political-military situation was more favourable, the Party's plan of developing the island into a Communist stronghold in South China still ended up in a merely theoretical construct. Among those important factors which contributed to its frustration were inadequate resources at the Party's disposal, the loss of radio communication between Hainan and the Party Centre in Yan'an, the intense Japanese "mopping-up" campaigns and the island's age-long Li-Han racial conflict. It was not until mid-1944 that the Japanese Ichigo offensive created in Guangdong an environment conducive to the reduplication of the Communist expansion in the north. Unfortunately, this extensive enemy occupation came to the province too late and was too short. Japan's sudden surrender in August 1945 thwarted Mao Zedong's ambitious efforts of combining the Communist bases in Central and South China. By examining the reasons for the underdevelopment of the two southern bases, this study raises some important questions about the Communist wartime movement such as the limits of Mao's model of base construction and the need of a dynamic balance between central supervision and local initiatives for achieving the Communist revolution.
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Dang, Anh Xuan-Hung. "Study of warpage of base substrates and materials for large-area MCM-D packaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17804.

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Kamel, Mozhdeh. "Extending the precision time protocol to a metropolitan area network : Synchronizing radio base stations." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141136.

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When building various types of wide area cellular radio networks there is a need to synchronize all of the base stations within a given system. Today this is typically done by attaching a highly accurate clock to each radio base station. A GPS radio receiver is commonly used as such a clock. This thesis explores the use of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) to provide synchronization of radio base stations, rather than the current practice of using GPS radio receivers. Advantages of utilizing PTP rather than a GPS radio receiver include the ability to easily locate radio base stations (without the need for connecting the GPS radio receiver to an antenna that has line of sight to a sufficient number of GPS satellites); the system is not vulnerable to interference with or jamming of GPS radio signals; the system is not vulnerable to spoofing of GPS radio signals, and because the new generations of radio base stations are connected to a packet based backhaul link – the system can potentially utilize the existing packet network interface (thus avoiding the need for a serial interface to the GPS receiver and a pulse per second input). At the start of this thesis project it was not known what the limits of PTP are (in terms of utilizing PTP together with radio base stations). Thus it was not clear whether PTP could be extended to much longer distances than it had originally been designed for.<p> This thesis shows that PTP can be used as an accurate timing source to synchronize base stations in networks with up to four switches between the PTP grandmaster and any PTP slave.<p> This project was performed in the Common Transport Feature department at Ericsson.
Vid konstruktion av wide area cellular radio networks finns det behov av att synkronisera samtliga basstationer inom ett givet system. Detta görs idag typiskt genom att ansluta en klocka med stor tillförlitlighet till varje basstation. En GPS radiomottagare används vanligen som klocka för detta syfte. Detta examensarbete undersöker användandet av Precisions Tid Protokoll (PTP) för att synkronisera radiobasstationer, istället för att som nu typiskt använda GPS radiomottagare. Fördelar med att använda PTP istället för GPS radiomottagare är att en radiobasstation lätt kan lokaliseras (utan att ansluta en GPS-mottagare till en antenn vilken har mottagning mot flera GPS-satelliter); systemet är inte sårbart mot interferens eller störningar av GPS radio signaler; systemet är inte sårbart mot spoofing av GPS radio signaler och på grund av att den nya generationens radiobasstationer är anslutna till ett paketförmedlande backhaul nätverk kan systemet potentiellt använda sig av det redan existerande paketförmedlande nätverksgränssnittet (och på sätt undvika ett seriellt gränssnitt mot en GPS-mottagare och en puls per sekund ingång). När detta examensarbete startades var det inte känt var gränserna för PTP låg när det gäller att använda PTP tillsammans med radiobasstationer. Det var således inte klart ifall räckvidden för PTP kunde utvidgas till mycket längre avstånd än det ursprungligen var ämnat för. Detta examensarbete syftar till att visa att PTP kan användas som tillräckligt noggrann synkroniseringskälla för basstationer i nätverk med upp till fyra nätverksswitchar mellan PTP Grand Master och PTP slav. Examensarbetet har utförts vid avdelning Common Transport Feature på Ericsson.
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McElhinney, Rob. "Style and genesis of base metal sulphide mineralisation of Angas prospect - Strathalbyn area, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bm141.pdf.

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Hernandez, Andrea B. "Analysis of marketing and customer satisfaction in base housing communities of the Monterey Bay area." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10770.

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MBA Professional Report
An analysis of the base housing organization Clark/Pinnacle revealed factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the organization's current organizational and marketing strategies. Research was conducted through management interviews, a focus group that explained the Clark/Pinnacle housing process, archival material, a housing survey provided by Residential Communities Initiative management, and use of the Clark/Pinnacle website. Measurement factors were identified as: property, move-in process, management, amenities, services, and security. The data collected from the research indicated that survey results and management opinion are different at various levels. The analyses of these differences identified problems with the current marketing and structure of the housing organization. Solutions and specific recommendations were concluded from the research.
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Клок, Сергій Володимирович, Serhii Volodymyrovych Klok, Анатолій Олександрович Корнус, Anatolii Oleksandrovych Kornus, Олена Сергіївна Данильченко, and Olena Serhiivna Danylchenko. "Current State of Snow Cover in the Area of Ukrainian Antarctic Research Base "Academician Vernadsky"." Scientific Committee Antarctic Research, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9112.

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The paper analyzes the results of comprehensive observations of the snow cover in the area of the Ukrainian Antarctic research base "Academician Vernadsky" for 1986-2019. It has been established that the formation of a snow mass of 2-3 m high in the region occurs under relatively warm conditions (average January temperature of 0.7 °C, the sum of the temperatures of the winter months is -23.7 °C) and during long (6-7 months) winter. Because of it, snow falls wet, its temperature is close to 0 °C, the dynamic factor increases its density to 0.5 g/cm3 and higher.
Аналізуються результати комплексних спостережень за сніговим покривом в районі Української антарктичної дослідницької станції «Академік Вернадський» за 1986-2019 роки. Встановлено, що утворення снігової маси висотою 2-3 м у регіоні відбувається за відносно теплих умов (середня температура січня 0,7°С, сума температур зимових місяців -23,7°С) та протягом тривалої (6-7 місяців) зими. Через це сніг падає мокрим, температура його близька до 0°C, динамічний коефіцієнт збільшує його щільність до 0,5 г/см3 і вище.
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Books on the topic "ENLARGE AREA AT BASE"

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surveys, GREAT BRITAIN Office of population censuses and. Local base statistics: Small area statistics, introductory notes. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1991.

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Hawkes, R. The socioeconomic base of communities in the NRMP area (Zimbabwe). Mount Pleasant, Harare: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1995.

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GREAT BRITAIN. Office of population censuses and surveys. Licences and agency arrangements: Local base and small area statistics. [s.l.]: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1992.

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Ozuna, G. B. Reconnaissance of geology and hydrogeology of Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. Austin, Tex: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Watson, Kenneth G. 100 Base-T/IEEE 802.12/packet switching. Palo Alto, CA: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Department, 1996.

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Jacobsen, Annie. Area 51: An uncensored history of America's top secret military base. London: Orion, 2011.

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Jacobsen, Annie. Area 51: An uncensored history of America's top secret military base. New York: Back Bay Books, 2012.

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Jacobsen, Annie. Area 51: An uncensored history of America's top secret military base. New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2011.

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GREAT BRITAIN. Office of population censuses and surveys. Local base statistics: Small area statistics, modification of counts for confidentiality. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1991.

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United States. Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Western Division., ed. Local economic report: Candidate base closures/realignment, San Francisco Bay Area. San Bruno, Calif: Dept. of the Navy, Western Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "ENLARGE AREA AT BASE"

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Treese, Steven A. "Historical Area." In History and Measurement of the Base and Derived Units, 301–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77577-7_5.

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Bowman, Dan. "The Dead Sea Area as a Field Laboratory." In Base-level Impact, 129–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24994-5_16.

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Bock, W. J., and N. Roosen. "Rare lesions of the parasellar area." In Tumors of the skull base, edited by H. Scheunemann, K. Schürmann, and J. Helms, 177–88. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110850833-023.

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Gasparini, Patrizia, Lucio Di Cosmo, and Antonio Floris. "Area and Characteristics of Italian Forests." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 151–325. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98678-0_7.

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AbstractAwareness of exhaustible forest resources is not recent in human history; rather, it dates back to the late Middle Ages, when it became clear that some kind of planning was needed to utilise forest resources and to do so, assessment was necessary. Postponed in time, enlarged to a national scale and based on statistical sampling, compared to the inventory methods adopted at that time, modern NFIs are assigned to produce sound information necessary to support forest policies. Forest areas and composition, ownership, growing stock and increment, as well as management, silviculture and structural characters are among the variables assessed by NFIs. This chapter provides statistics on those variables. For areas, estimates are shown for Total wooded area, Forest, Other wooded land, and their distribution among inventory categories and forest types, which describe species composition. In addition, the chapter also addresses distribution by altitude classes. For stands characters, areas are shown by crown coverage, development stage and age class. Lastly, inventory statistics are given on the presence and amount of small trees and shrubs.
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Künzel, W., E. Kastendieck, M. Hohmann, and A. Jensen. "The Dip Area: A Measure of Acid Base Alterations?" In Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring, 136–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70358-4_15.

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Giraud-Carrier, Christophe. "Combining Base-Learners into Ensembles." In Metalearning, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67024-5_9.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses ensembles of classification or regression models, because they represent an important area of machine learning. They have become popular as they tend to achieve high performance when compared with single models. Besides, they also play an essential role in data-streaming solutions. This chapter starts by introducing ensemble learning and presents an overview of some of its most well-known methods. These include bagging, boosting, stacking, cascade generalization, cascading, delegating, arbitrating and meta-decision trees.
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Slocum, Susan L., and John B. Read IV. "Conclusion." In Tourism transformations in protected area gateway communities, 180–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249033.0013.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of Tourism Transformations in Protected Area Gateway Communities by extracting common themes that run throughout the book. It then situates these themes within the larger scholarly work on gateway communities bordering protected areas (PAs). The common themes include: impactful projects; expanding the stakeholder base; environment and social; and best practice and theoretical frameworks.
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Yang, Le, Wenxin Chen, Jingxiao Wang, Qinghao Ye, and Jianchun Cheng. "PV-Diesel Power Supply Monitor System for Base Station of Telecommunication at Remote Area." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V), 1414–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_287.

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Zdravkov, Vladimir Ilich, Roman Andreevich Morari, and Anatoli Sergeevich Sidorenko. "Large Area Nb Nanolayers with Advanced Superconducting Properties as a Base for Superconducting Spintronics." In Smart Materials for Energy, Communications and Security, 13–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8796-7_2.

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Hultberg, H., and M. Ferm. "Measurements of Atmospheric Deposition and Internal Circulation of Base Cations to a Forested Catchment Area." In Acid Reign ’95?, 2235–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0864-8_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "ENLARGE AREA AT BASE"

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Annerfeldt, Mats O., Johan L. Persson, and Tord Torisson. "Experimental Investigation of Impingement Cooling With Turbulators or Surface Enlarging Elements." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0149.

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For the materials in modern gas turbines to survive, a considerable amount of cooling is required. In cases where large amounts of heat need to be removed, impingement cooling with its high heat transfer coefficients may be a good alternative. The possibilities of enhancing impingement cooling by introducing surface enlarging/turbulence enhancing elements are examined experimentally in this work. A technique using thin foil heaters combined with an infrared camera is used. Local temperature distribution on the target plate is measured, enabeling to separately evaluate the Nusselt number enhancement for different areas. Experiments are conducted for four different area enlarging geometries: triangle, wing, cylinder and dashed rib all made from aluminum. Comparison between each area enlarged surface and a flat plate is made in terms of Nusselt number and also pumping power in order to maximize the cooling efficiency. Overall Nusselt number enhancement factors compared to impingement on a flat plate show values of 1 to 1.3, the trend decreasing with increased jet-to-plate distance and Reynolds number. When normalizing by the spent pumping power the enhancement factors drop to 0.4 to 1.2 compared to impingement on a smooth plate. The best results were achieved with die rib geometry and when not using a too large value of enlarger height compared to jet-to-plate distance. Row-wise evaluation of Nusselt number enhancement shows an increased enhancement factor with row number and therefore crossflow ratio (Gc/Gj). The infrared camera pictures reveal that the enhancement is found in three different areas, on the enlarger base area, the area just downstream the enlarger and in diagonal streaks with increased turbulence generated by the enlargers. Tests using an enlarger material with heat conductivity scaled to represent actual gas turbine conditions show that only the enlarger base area is affected when decreasing the enlarger heat conductivity. The result is a small decrease in total Nusselt number enhancement.
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Kinoue, Y., T. Setoguchi, T. H. Kim, K. Kaneko, and M. Inoue. "Numerical Investigations of Hysteretic Characteristics on Wells Turbine." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31207.

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A Wells turbine for wave power conversion has hysteretic characteristics in a reciprocating flow. The hysteretic loop is opposite to the well-known dynamic stall of an airfoil. In this paper, the mechanism of the hysteretic behavior was elucidated by an unsteady 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes numerical simulation. It was found that the hysteretic behavior was associated with a streamwise vortical flow appearing near the blade suction surface. In the accelerating process of axial flow velocity, the vortex is intensified to enlarge the flow separation area on the blade suction surface. In the decelerating flow process, the flow separation area is reduced because of the weakened vortex. Therefore, the aerodynamic performance in the accelerating flow process is lower than in the decelerating flow process, unlike the dynamic stall. Based on the vortex theorem, the mechanism to vary the intensity of the vortex can be explained by the trailing vortices associated with change in the blade circulation.
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Kagerer, Markus, Benedikt Heller, Tim C. Lueth, and Franz Irlinger. "Optimization of the Electro-Mechanical Behavior of a Bimorph Piezoelectric Actuator for Drop-on-Demand Techniques Based on Finite Element Method." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63150.

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The optimization of the electro-mechanical behavior of a bimorph piezoelectric actuator for microdrop generation is presented. The objective of this project is to enlarge the travel of this actuator which is mounted above a fluid filled chamber. Its bending inwards this chamber leads to the reduction of its volume. The generated pressure pulse leads to the ejection of a droplet out of the nozzle. The higher the travel, the higher the pressure pulse. Especially for printing high viscous media high pressure pulses are required. This microdrop generator consists of a piezoelectric transducer with surface electrodes, of a borosilicate glass diaphragm, and of a silicon chip including the fluidic components (nozzle, fluid filled chamber, throttle, and fluid inlet port). The transducer is bonded with a two component adhesive onto the glass diaphragm. Hereby, the bimorphic actuator is formed. Up to now, the electrodes have a width of 1.5 mm and they are electrically separated from each other by ablated areas with a depth of 20 μm. Each electrode belongs to one nozzle. Three nozzles are integrated in one microdrop generator. The advantage is that two other nozzles are working even if one nozzle is clogged. Within this optimization process the depth of the ablated area between the electrodes, the width of the electrodes, and the thickness of the diaphragm, of the adhesive layer as well as of the piezoelectric transducer are investigated. The simulation tool “ANSYS® 14” is used. The results show, the deeper the ablated area between the electrodes, the higher the travel. To ablate this area respectively to cut grooves through the piezoelectric material up to the glass diaphragm lead to a higher travel because the electrodes are not clamped laterally. Here, a solid state hinge characteristic enables the bending. Furthermore, widening the electrodes also leads to a higher travel because the capacitance is enlarged. Moreover, reducing the thickness of the glass diaphragm also leads to the enlargement of the travel up to a thickness of 25 μm. But during this optimization process a strong attention is paid to the manufacturability of all components with the available rapid manufacturing (RM) machines, such as laser system, dicing saw, or anodic bonding device. Glass diaphragms thinner than 100 μm are difficult to handle because the material is very brittle and the risk for damaging them during the manufacturing process of the microdrop generator is too high. For thicker diaphragms the resultant travel decreases due to the enlarged bending stiffness. The result is that a 100 μm thick glass diaphragm is chosen. The result for the adhesive layer thickness is, the thinner this layer, the higher the travel of the actuator. The adhesive has a small Young’s modulus. Therefore, the direct transmission of forces is reduced for thick adhesive layers. For production-related reasons a thickness of 20 μm is chosen. All components can be manufactured with the available RM machines.
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Lütke, Matthias, Thomas Himmer, Andreas Wetzig, and Eckhard Beyer. "Opportunities to enlarge the application area of remote-cutting." In ICALEO® 2009: 28th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5061571.

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Kim, ChiHyo, KunWoo Park, TaeSung Kim, and MinKi Lee. "Design of a Four Legged Parallel Mechanism to Improve the Dexterity of Walking Robot." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86361.

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This paper designs a four legged parallel mechanism to improve the dexterity of three layered parallel walking robot. Topology design is conducted for a leg mechanism composed of four legs, base and ground, which constitute a redundant parallel mechanism. This mechanism is subdivided into four sub-mechanism composed of three legs. A motor vector is adopted to determine the 6×8 Jacobian of the redundant parallel mechanism and the 6×6 Jacobian of the sub-mechanisms, respectively. The condition number of the Jacobian matrix is used as an index to measure a dexterity. We analyze the condition numbers of the Jacobian over the positional and orientational walking space. The analytical results show that a sub-mechanism has lots of singularities within workspace but they are removed by a redundant parallel mechanism improving the dexterity. This paper presents a parallel typed walking robot to enlarge walking space and stability region. Seven types of three layered walking robots are designed by inserting an intermediate mechanism between the upper and the lower legged parallel mechanisms. They provide various types of gaits to walk rough terrain and climb over a wall with small degrees of freedom.
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Gomes, Reinaldo A., Carsten Schwarz, and Michael Pfitzner. "Experimental Investigation of a Generic Compressor Bleed System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90458.

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Extensive experimental studies on axial compressor bleed-flow systems have been carried out on a three dimensional model of a generic bleed-flow configuration typical for aero engines. The compressor flow is modeled as a clean annular flow. One row of stator vanes is used to impart a constant swirl upstream of the bleed system. The rig is designed modularly in order to allow for inexpensive changes in all of its components and therefore to enlarge the variability of the model. The research is focused onto the generation of an experimental data base, which can be used to derive correlations for the calculation of effective areas and pressure losses. Those data are gained using steady pneumatic measurement technique. In addition, the highly complex flow field in the manifold, which has an important effect onto the bleed-flow, is analyzed using Doppler-Global-Velocimetry (DGV). These measurements were conducted in collaboration with DLR Cologne, who have developed the DGV technique. In this paper the flow field in the manifold is analyzed in detail for two different configurations featuring two and four bleed ducts, respectively. Furthermore the use of a flush design of the slot is compared with a lip design. These data are compared to results from the literature achieved using 2-dimensional configurations.
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Shi, Yan, Tiecheng Wu, Andrew R. Plummer, and Maolin Cai. "The Flow Dynamics of an Air-Driven Hydraulic Pump." In ASME/BATH 2015 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2015-9570.

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Air-driven hydraulic pumps are widely used to pump high-pressure oil for small hydraulic systems, where it is uneconomic to set up a conventional hydraulic power pack. To obtain good performance of a small hydraulic system, input air flow and output oil flow characteristics of the air-driven hydraulic pump should be properly understood. In this paper, based on a mathematical model which has been experimentally verified, the model of an air-driven hydraulic pump is proposed. Using the software MATLAB/Simulink for simulation, the dynamic characteristics of the pumps are obtained. To set a foundation for the optimization of the pump, the influence of key parameters on the output characteristics of the pump was studied. Through analysis, it can be obtained that, firstly, with an increase in the input air pressure, output oil pressure and area ratio, the ratio of output to input volume flow rate decrease approximately linearly. Moreover, when the output oil pressure was fixed, an energy-saving method to enhance the output oil flow is to enlarge the area ratio of the pump. Furthermore, the output oil flow can be increased rapidly through increasing the input air pressure, but that may result in an increase in compressed air consumption. This research is of use in the performance and design optimization of air-driven hydraulic pumps.
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Fan, Yan Feng, and Ibrahim Hassan. "The Numerical Investigation of an Interdigital Micromixer With the Circular-Sector Obstacles." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18385.

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In this paper, a passive interdigital micromixer with the circular-sector obstacles is proposed and the mixing performance is estimated by numerical simulation. The tested Reynolds numbers range from 0.01 to 10. Flow recirculation or vortices seems impossible to generate to enhance the mixing at such low Reynolds numbers. Hence, molecular diffusion is the dominant mixing mechanism. Based on the diffusion principle, enlarging the mixing length, reducing the diffusion length and increasing the surface area between species are major methods to obtain mixing enhancement. In order to achieve rapid mixing, shortening the mixing length is necessary. However, the reduced mixing length induces the decreased mixing time which the species take to mix. The circular-section obstacles are placed in the straight microchannels to enlarge the contact surface area between species. The flow path is distorted after passing the obstacles so that the real mixing length increases compared with traditional T-shape micromixers. Furthermore, flow advection takes a part role in mixing since the velocity direction is no longer perpendicular to diffusion direction. Different geometries and layouts of obstacles are analyzed for optimization. The results of optimal design show the worst mixing efficiency, around 50%, occurs at Re = 1. In order to improve the lower limitation of mixing efficiency, the duplicated layouts of obstacles in lateral direction with interdigital inlet are applied to reduce the diffusion path and increase the interface area so that the mixing efficiency could be enhanced. The results show that the mixing efficiency could achieve 85% at Re ≤ 1 with a low pressure drop of 100 Pa. It has the potential to be used in applications with low Reynolds numbers.
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Jaliu, Codruta, Radu Saulescu, Dorin Valentin Diaconescu, and Mircea Neagoe. "Conceptual Design of a Chain Speed Increaser for Small Hydropower Stations." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86982.

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Most small hydropower stations drive trains include a gearbox to increase the speed of the turbine shaft to the generator. An increase in speed is needed because the hydro turbines shafts turn at a much lower speed than is required by most electrical generators. The range in which the input angular speed must be increased is 4–8. The speed increasers for this kind of applications must have an acceptable efficiency, reduced overall dimensions and complexity and, therefore, a reduced technological cost. The paper objective is to enlarge the base of speed increasers for small hydro stations with chain transmissions. The concept of the proposed chain transmission to be used as speed increaser is developed using a conceptual design algorithm. The algorithm is based on the VDI model and consists in the following steps: 1°. Requirements list establishment; 2° Global function establishment; 3°. Global function description by structures of sub-functions; 4°. Solving structures generation by: solving the sub-functions, sub-solutions composition and elimination of inadequate solution; 5°. The best solving structure selection by evaluation. The speed increaser function is detailed as part of a hydropower station. The sub-functions of the speed increaser are further analyzed in order to generate the solving structures. Sixteen distinct structural variants are presented in the paper. But only those structural variants, whose technical characteristics fulfill, quantitatively, the requirements, are considered as solving structures (for the speed increaser function). In order to select the solving structures, the synthesis of the sprockets teeth numbers for all the structural variants is performed and their efficiency is calculated. Then, their evaluation is made taking into account the technical-economic criteria; thus, the optimal solution that fulfils the requirements list (the principle solution) is found. The principle solution is an innovative concept of the chain speed increaser and represents an input data for the embodiment design phase.
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Cheng, Qianwei, AKM Mahbubur Rahman, Anis Sarker, Abu Bakar Siddik Nayem, Ovi Paul, Amin Ahsan Ali, M. Ashraful Amin, Ryosuke Shibasaki, and Moinul Zaber. "Deep-learning Coupled with Novel Classification Method to Classify the Urban Environment of the Developing World." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110103.

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Rapid globalization and the interdependence of the countries have engendered tremendous in-flow of human migration towards the urban spaces. With the advent of high definition satellite images, high-resolution data, computational methods such as deep neural network analysis, and hardware capable of high-speed analysis; urban planning is seeing a paradigm shift. Legacy data on urban environments are now being complemented with high-volume, high-frequency data. However, the first step of understanding the urban area lies in the useful classification of the urban environment that is usable for data collection, analysis, and visualization. In this paper, we propose a novel classification method that is readily usable for machine analysis and it shows the applicability of the methodology in a developing world setting. However, the state-of-the-art is mostly dominated by the classification of building structures, building types, etc., and largely represents the developed world. Hence, these methods and models are not sufficient for developing countries such as Bangladesh where the surrounding environment is crucial for the classification. Moreover, the traditional classifications propose small-scale classifications, which give limited information, have poor scalability and are slow to compute in real-time. We categorize the urban area in terms of informal and formal spaces and take the surrounding environment into account. 50 km × 50 km Google Earth image of Dhaka, Bangladesh was visually annotated and categorized by an expert and consequently, a map was drawn. The classification is based broadly on two dimensions the state of urbanization and the architectural form of the urban environment. Consequently, the urban space is divided into four classifications: 1) highly informal area 2) moderately informal area 3) moderately formal area and 4) highly formal area. For semantic segmentation and automatic classification, Google’s DeeplabV3+ model was used. The model uses the Atrous convolution operation to analyze different layers of texture and shape. This allows us to enlarge the field of view of the filters to incorporate a larger context. Image encompassing 70% of the urban space was used to train the model and the remaining 30% was used for testing and validation. The model can segment with 75% accuracy and 60% Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU).
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Reports on the topic "ENLARGE AREA AT BASE"

1

URS GROUP INC SAN FRANCISCO CA. Environmental Assessment for East Housing Area Solar Energy Project, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608502.

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Orsoy, Tunch, Rich Reaves, Kathy Fitos, Robin Nagy, and Marian Stuart. Environmental Assessment: Improvements to Silver Flag Training Area at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614363.

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Orsoy, Tunch, Rich Reaves, Kathy Fitos, Robin Nagy, and Marian Stuart. Environmental Assessment Improvements to Silver Flag Training Area at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614685.

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Liikala, T. L., and J. C. Evans. Field investigation source area ST58 old Quartermaster service station, Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115895.

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Wade, M. C. 1995 Area 1 bird survey/Zone 1, Operable Unit 2, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/109663.

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Akstulewicz, Kevin D., Eric A. Beshore, Joseph F. Briganti, Karen L. Daniels, and Michael L. Rainer. Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Test Area C-74 Complex, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633094.

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Maxwell, John R., Rich Wheeler, Jan Campbell, Erica Meyer, Hugh L. Thomas, Gary H. Tourtellotte, Ann B. Shortelle, and Richard Thomas. Environmental Assessment of Building Demolition at Test Area A-15, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633096.

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Combs, Jennifer, Rick Combs, Jason Koralewski, Jamie McKee, Mike Nation, Mike Rainer, and Tara Utsey. Test Area C-74 Complex Final Range Environmental Assessment at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626841.

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PARSONS ENGINEERING SCIENCE INC DENVER CO. Corrective Action Plan for the Risk-Based Closure of the Base Exchange Service Station, Area of Concern - A (ST-06), Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada381039.

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AIR COMBAT COMMAND. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed White Elk Military Operations Area, Hill Air Force Base, Utah. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada640064.

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