Journal articles on the topic 'Enhancement'
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Wolff, Jonathan. "DISABILITY, STATUS ENHANCEMENT, PERSONAL ENHANCEMENT AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION." Economics and Philosophy 25, no. 1 (March 2009): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267108002277.
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It often appears that the most appropriate form of addressing disadvantage related to disability is through policies that can be called “status enhancements”: changes to the social, cultural and material environment so that the difficulties experienced by those with impairments are reduced, even eradicated. However, status enhancements can also have their limitations. This paper compares the relative merits of policies of status enhancement and “personal enhancement”: changes to the disabled person. It then takes up the question of how to assess the priority of the claims of disabled people in the face of scarcity of resources for which there can be many competing social claims, arguing for the theory of “declustering disadvantage”.
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Shue, J. H., Y. Kamide, and J. W. Gjerloev. "Effects of solar wind density on auroral electrojets and brightness under influence of substorms." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 1 (January 6, 2009): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-113-2009.
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Abstract. Using the auroral electrojet indices and Polar Ultraviolet Imager auroral images, we examined two fortuitous events during which the solar wind density had clear enhancements while the other solar wind parameters were relatively constant. Two electrojet enhancements were found in each event. The first electrojet enhancement was likely to be related to a substorm in which an auroral bulge appeared at premidnight. The second electrojet enhancement was driven by the density enhancement in the solar wind. The auroral oval became wider in latitude and the auroral distribution became dispersed after the density enhancement arrived at the Earth. The total auroral power integrated over the entire nightside region from 50 to 80° MLAT, however, did not increase significantly in response to the density enhancement. Our interpretation is that the substorm that occurred prior to the solar wind density enhancement had drained out a significant portion of the stored energy in the magnetotail; therefore, less precipitation energy was deposited into the auroral ionosphere by the density enhancement.
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Hofmann, Bjørn. "OP101 Do We Need To Extend Health Technology Assessment To Health Enhancement Assessment?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001714.
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INTRODUCTION:Several health technologies used for therapy can also be used for health enhancement. Drugs stimulating cognitive abilities are but one example. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) has not been developed for assessing enhancements. This raises the question of how HTA should address the blurred distinction between therapy and enhancement. Should we (i) carve out a distinction between therapy and enhancement and limit HTA to therapy, (ii) use HTA for both therapy and enhancement (with some modifications), or (iii) should we develop a separate health enhancement assessment (HEA)?METHODS:A literature search of the medical, philosophical, and bioethical literature was conducted for debates, arguments, and suggested solutions to the issue of therapy versus enhancement.RESULTS:The same improvement in health may be therapeutic in one patient, but an enhancement in another. Moreover, both therapy and enhancement share the same goal: increased health and wellbeing. A wide range of arguments try to establish a difference between therapy and enhancement. They refer to naturalness, rehabilitation, normality, species-typical functioning/potential, disease, sustainability, and responsibility. On closer scrutiny few of these arguments do the job in bolstering the therapy-enhancement distinction. We already use a wide range of means to extend human abilities. Moreover, the therapy-enhancement distinction raises a wide range of ethical issues that are relevant for the assessment of a number of emerging health technologies.CONCLUSIONS:Existing HTA methodology can address a wide range of non-therapeutic health enhancements. However, a series of broader issues related to the goal of health care and responsibility for altering human evolution may not be addressed within traditional HTA frameworks. Specific HEAs may therefore be helpful.
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Gebek, Andrea, and Jorryt Matthee. "On the Variation in Stellar α-enhancements of Star-forming Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulation." Astrophysical Journal 924, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac350b.
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Abstract The ratio of α-elements to iron in galaxies holds valuable information about the star formation history (SFH) since their enrichment occurs on different timescales. The fossil record of stars in galaxies has mostly been excavated for passive galaxies, since the light of star-forming galaxies is dominated by young stars, which have much weaker atmospheric absorption features. Here we use the largest reference cosmological simulation of the EAGLE project to investigate the origin of variations in stellar α-enhancement among star-forming galaxies at z = 0, and their impact on integrated spectra. The definition of α-enhancement in a composite stellar population is ambiguous. We elucidate two definitions—termed “mean” and “galactic” α-enhancement—in more detail. While a star-forming galaxy has a high “mean” α-enhancement when its stars formed rapidly, a galaxy with a large “galactic” α-enhancement generally had a delayed SFH. We find that absorption-line strengths of Mg and Fe correlate with variations in α-enhancement. These correlations are strongest for the “galactic” α-enhancement. However, we show that these are mostly caused by other effects that are cross-correlated with α-enhancement, such as variations in the light-weighted age. This severely complicates the retrieval of α-enhancements in star-forming galaxies. The ambiguity is not severe for passive galaxies, and we confirm that spectral variations in these galaxies are caused by measurable variations in α-enhancements. We suggest that this more complex coupling between α-enhancement and SFHs can guide the interpretation of new observations of star-forming galaxies.
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Abdulle, Aniza, and James C. L. Chow. "Contrast Enhancement for Portal Imaging in Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Phantom Evaluation Using Flattening-Filter-Free Photon Beams." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9070920.
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Our team evaluated contrast enhancement for portal imaging using Monte Carlo simulation in nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy. Dependencies of percentage contrast enhancement on flattening-filter (FF) and flattening-filter-free (FFF) photon beams were determined by varying the nanoparticle material (gold, platinum, iodine, silver, iron oxide), nanoparticle concentration (3–40 mg/mL) and photon beam energy (6 and 10 MV). Phase-space files and energy spectra of the 6 MV FF, 6 MV FFF, 10 MV FF and 10 MV FFF photon beams were generated based on a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator. We found that gold and platinum nanoparticles (NP) produced the highest contrast enhancement for portal imaging, compared to other NP with lower atomic numbers. The maximum percentage contrast enhancements for the gold and platinum NP were 18.9% and 18.5% with a concentration equal to 40 mg/mL. The contrast enhancement was also found to increase with the nanoparticle concentration. The maximum rate of increase of contrast enhancement for the gold NP was equal to 0.29%/mg/mL. Using the 6 MV photon beams, the maximum contrast enhancements for the gold NP were 79% (FF) and 78% (FFF) higher than those using the 10 MV beams. For the FFF beams, the maximum contrast enhancements for the gold NP were 53.6% (6 MV) and 53.8% (10 MV) higher than those using the FF beams. It is concluded that contrast enhancement for portal imaging can be increased when a higher atomic number of NP, higher nanoparticle concentration, lower photon beam energy and no flattening filter of photon beam are used in nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy.
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M, Reshma, and Priestly B. Shan. "Oretinex-DI: Pre-Processing Algorithms for Melanoma Image Enhancement." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (July 30, 2018): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1501.
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In Medical imaging, the dermoscopic images analysis is quite useful for the skin cancer detection. The automatic computer assisted diagnostic systems (CADS) require dermoscopic image enhancement for human perception and analysis. The traditional image enhancements methods lack the synchronization among contrast perception between human and the digital images. This paper proposes an optimized-Retinex (ORetinex) image enhancement algorithm to remove light effects, which is quite suitable for the dermoscopic image for clinical analysis for Melanoma. The value of global contrast factor (GCF) and contrast per pixel (CPP) is computed and compared with the traditional methods of image enhancements including contrast enhancement, CLAHE,Adaptive histogram equalization, Bilinear filtering and the proportion of GCF and CPP is found quite optimal as compare to these traditional methods.
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GYNGELL, CHRIS, and SIMON EASTEAL. "Cognitive Diversity and Moral Enhancement." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24, no. 1 (December 4, 2014): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180114000310.
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Abstract:One debate in contemporary bioethics centers on whether the development of cognitive enhancement technologies (CETs) will hasten the need for moral enhancement. In this article we provide a new argument in favor of pursuing these enhancement technologies together. The widespread availability of CETs will likely increase population-level cognitive diversity. Different people will choose to enhance different aspects of their cognition, and some won’t enhance themselves at all. Although this has the potential to be beneficial for society, it could also result in harms as people become more different from one another. Aspects of our moral psychology make it difficult for people to cooperate and coordinate actions with those who are very different from themselves. These moral failings could be targeted by moral enhancement technologies, which may improve cooperation among individuals. Moral enhancement technologies will therefore help society maximize the benefits, and reduce the costs, associated with widespread access to cognitive enhancements.
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Paulo, Norbert. "Moral-Epistemic Enhancement." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 83 (October 2018): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246118000346.
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AbstractThe idea of using biomedical means to make people more likely to behave morally may have a certain appeal. However, it is very hard to find two persons – let alone two moral philosophers – who agree on what it means to be moral or to act morally. After discussing some of the proposals for moral enhancements that all ethicists could agree on, I engage more closely with the recent idea of “procedural moral enhancement” that aims at improving deliberative processes instead of particular moral views, motivations, or dispositions. I argue that it is better understood as a contribution to moral epistemology and should thus be labeled “moral-epistemic enhancement”. I then defend perspective-taking as a moral epistemic capacity which can be enhanced by both traditional and non-traditional biomedical means; a capacity which almost always contributes to the epistemic value of moral decision-making. Perspective-taking seems to be an uncontroversial non-trivial capacity for moral decision-making reasonably widely shared by proponents of ethical beliefs within the academic community. The enhancement of this capacity is thus a good candidate for an uncontroversial non-trivial moral enhancement.
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SHICKLE, DARREN. "Are “Genetic Enhancements” Really Enhancements?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9, no. 3 (July 2000): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100903062.
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The word enhancement is value laden and potentially misleading in the context of genetics. Dictionary definitions of enhance include “increase in value,” “improve,” “appreciate,” and “inflate.” The term genetic enhancement would be better replaced with a more neutral term such as “genetic manipulation” to reflect the fact that the consequences of as yet largely untried technology may be beneficial, balanced, or harmful. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the potential negative consequences of the use of “enhancing technology” and hence to challenge whether “enhancements” are actually always enhancements. Thus it is necessary to question whether what may appear to be a new means of enhancement may not actually result in any significant change or is less effective than existing means of enhancement; may actually make things worse; or may on some measures actually make some things better, but on other measures or in other senses make things worse (either for the person being enhanced or for others).
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Douglas, Thomas. "Enhancement and desert." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 18, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x18810439.
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It is sometimes claimed that those who succeed with the aid of enhancement technologies deserve the rewards associated with their success less, other things being equal, than those who succeed without the aid of such technologies. This claim captures some widely held intuitions, has been implicitly endorsed by participants in social–psychological research and helps to undergird some otherwise puzzling philosophical objections to the use of enhancement technologies. I consider whether it can be provided with a rational basis. I examine three arguments that might be offered in its favour and argue that each either shows only that enhancements undermine desert in special circumstances or succeeds only under assumptions that deprive the appeal to desert of much of its dialectic interest.
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Manju, G., T. K. Pant, C. V. Devasia, S. Ravindran, and R. Sridharan. "Electrodynamical response of the Indian low-mid latitude ionosphere to the very large solar flare of 28 October 2003 – a case study." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 10 (October 9, 2009): 3853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3853-2009.
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Abstract. The electrodynamic effects on the low-mid latitude ionospheric region have been investigated using GPS (global positioning system) data, ionosonde data and ΔH values, during the very large solar flare (X17.2/4B) of 28 October 2003. The results bring out the flare induced unusual behaviour of the equatorial ionosphere on this day just prior to sunset. The important observations are i) Large and prolonged Ne enhancements observed from ionosonde data just after the flare-related peak enhancement in EUV flux. The observed enhancement in Ne is due to the increase in ionization production due to the enhanced EUV flux and the persistence of the enhancement is probably due to the prompt penetration related upliftment of the F layer (just prior to the flare peak phase) to higher altitudes, where recombination rates are lower. ii) A significant enhancement in total electron content (TEC) (~10 TEC units) at regions around the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest region (Ahmedabad) during the flare in association with the flare related EUV flux enhancement. iii) Similar enhancements seen at stations of Jodhpur and Delhi in the mid latitude sector. iv)The flare related flux enhancements in different longitude sectors in the equatorial electrojet region have been shown to produce positive and negative variations in electrojet strength indicating the presence of current systems having positive and negative polarities in different longitude sectors. Thus the flare effect reveals the longitudinal variation of the counter electrojet events in the Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) region.
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Sachdev, Vorathep. "‘Beyond’ Human Enhancement — Taking the Developing Country’s Perspective Seriously." Asian Bioethics Review 14, no. 2 (October 8, 2021): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41649-021-00193-z.
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AbstractBioethicists and philosophers dominate the on-going debate on human enhancement. They have debated the definition of human enhancement as well as the potential impacts of human enhancement technologies (such as pharmaceutical enhancements or pre-natal selection). These discussions have percolated, through bioethics bodies and bioethics recommendations, policy makers and have eventually been translated into policy. While some suggestions have been based largely in Western liberal democracies, others have deliberated the geopolitical consequences of human enhancement technologies. This paper argues that the present debate currently lacks perspectives from developing countries. It begins by introducing the current debate on human enhancement and recognizes Allen Buchanan’s well-raised concerns on how these technologies may potentially cause new injustices for low- and middle-income countries (‘developing countries’). It then provides two arguments calling for further research into human enhancement from the perspective of developing countries. First, this paper will argue that the current frames with which enhancement technologies are viewed are inherently neoliberal and require change. The second argument shows how the potential impacts of human enhancement technologies in developing countries have not been fully realized by analyzing how human enhancement technologies will impact Thailand, a developing country.
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Faber, Nadira S., Jan A. Häusser, and Norbert L. Kerr. "Sleep Deprivation Impairs and Caffeine Enhances My Performance, but Not Always Our Performance." Personality and Social Psychology Review 21, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868315609487.
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What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of Grouping on Impairments and Enhancements”) framework, for investigating this question. As prominent examples for individual-level impairments and enhancements, we discuss sleep deprivation and caffeine. Based on previous research, we derive hypotheses on how they influence performance in groups, specifically process gains and losses in motivation, individual capability, and coordination. We conclude that the effect an impairment or enhancement has on individual-level performance is not necessarily mirrored in group performance: grouping can help or hurt. We provide recommendations on how to estimate empirically the effects individual-level performance impairments and enhancements have in groups. By comparing sleep deprivation to stress and caffeine to pharmacological cognitive enhancement, we illustrate that we cannot readily generalize from group results on one impairment or enhancement to another, even if they have similar effects on individual-level performance.
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Hereth, Blake, and Nicholas Evans. "Can We Justify Military Enhancements? Some Yes, Most No." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31, no. 4 (October 2022): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180122000421.
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AbstractThe United States Department of Defense has, for at least 20 years, held the stated intention to enhance active military personnel (“warfighters”). This intention has become more acute in the face of dropping recruitment, an aging fighting force, and emerging strategic challenges. However, developing and testing enhancements is clouded by the ethically contested status of enhancements, the long history of abuse by military medical researchers, and new legislation in the guise of “health security” that has enabled the Department of Defense to apply medical interventions without appropriate oversight. This paper aims to reconcile existing legal and regulatory frameworks on military biomedical research with ethical concerns about military enhancements. In what follows, we first outline one justification for military enhancements. The authors then briefly address existing definitional issues over what constitutes enhancement before addressing existing research ethics regulations governing military biomedical research. Next, they argue that two common justifications for rapid military innovation in science and technology, including enhancement, fail. These justifications are (a) to satisfy a compelling military need and (b) strategic dominance. The authors then turn to an objection that turns on the idea that we need not have these justifications if warfighters are willing to adopt enhancement, and argue that laissez-faire approaches to enhancement fail in the context of the military due to pressing and historically significant concerns about coercion and exploitation. The paper concludes with what is referred to as the “least-worst” justification: Given the rise of untested enhancements in civilian and military life, we have good reason to validate potential enhancements even if they do not satisfy reasons (a) or (b) above.
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Haiden, Michael. "Regulating Human Enhancement Technologies." Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 31, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v31i1.79.
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This article provides a framework for the global regulation of human enhancement technologies. I argue that competition between states in the international sphere blocks the emergence of a regulatory framework. The reason is international anarchy or the absence of powers that stand above the nation-state. After considering different ways to overcome anarchy—namely international institutions, more amenable relations between democracies and international norms—I rule them out as insufficient. Then, I argue that only a world state can effectively regulate human enhancement technologies. A world state is not a new idea and was already proposed as an answer to, for example, the threat of nuclear annihilation. However, regulating human enhancements provide an even bigger incentive to overcome nationalism.
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Zhen, Junjie, Lei Wen, Shaoqun Li, Mingyao Lai, Changguo Shan, and Linbo Cai. "CTNI-03. IMAGING FEATURES OF LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASES OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: A SINGLE-CENTER REAL-WORLD STUDY." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.170.
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Abstract BACKGROUND According to EANO-ESMO clinical practice guidelines, the MRI findings of LM are divided into 4 types, namely linear enhancement (type A), nodular enhancement (type B), linear combined with nodular enhancement (type C), and sign of hydrocephalus (type D). METHODS The MRI features of brain and spinal cord in patients diagnosed with NSCLC-LM in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from 2010 until 2019 were investigated, and then were classified into 4 types. The imaging features were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 53.5 years old, and the median time from the initial diagnosis to the confirmed diagnosis of LM was 11.6 months. The results of enhanced MRI examination of the brain in 79 cases showed that the number of cases with enhancements of type A, B, C and D were 50 (63.3%), 0, 26 (32.9%) and 3 (3.8%), respectively, and that LM with metastases to the brain parenchyma was found in 42 cases (53.2%). The results of enhanced MRI examination of spinal cord in 59 cases showed that there were only enhancements of type A and C in 40 cases (67.8%) and 3 cases (5.0%), and no enhancement sign in the other 16 cases (27.2%). CONCLUSION MRI examination of brain and spinal cord will improve the detection rate of LM. The MRI features of NSCLC-LM in real world are mainly characterized by the linear enhancements of brain and spinal cord, followed by linear combined with nodular enhancement. The enhancements of type B and type D are rare in clinic. Almost half of the patients have LM and metastases to the brain parenchyma. Therefore, the differentiation of tumor metastases is needed to be paid attention to for the early diagnosis and the formulation of reasonable treatment plans.
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Bessac, Julie, Adam H. Monahan, Hannah M. Christensen, and Nils Weitzel. "Stochastic Parameterization of Subgrid-Scale Velocity Enhancement of Sea Surface Fluxes." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 1447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0384.1.
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Abstract Subgrid-scale (SGS) velocity variations result in gridscale sea surface flux enhancements that must be parameterized in weather and climate models. Traditional parameterizations are deterministic in that they assign a unique value of the SGS velocity flux enhancement to any given configuration of the resolved state. In this study, we assess the statistics of SGS velocity flux enhancement over a range of averaging scales (as a proxy for varying model resolution) through systematic coarse-graining of a convection-permitting atmospheric model simulation over the Indian Ocean and west Pacific warm pool. Conditioning the statistics of the SGS velocity flux enhancement on 1) the fluxes associated with the resolved winds and 2) the precipitation rate, we find that the lack of a separation between “resolved” and “unresolved” scales results in a distribution of flux enhancements for each configuration of the resolved state. That is, the SGS velocity flux enhancement should be represented stochastically rather than deterministically. The spatial and temporal statistics of the SGS velocity flux enhancement are investigated by using basic descriptive statistics and through a fit to an anisotropic space–time covariance structure. Potential spatial inhomogeneities of the statistics of the SGS velocity flux enhancement are investigated through regional analysis, although because of the relatively short duration of the simulation (9 days) distinguishing true inhomogeneity from sampling variability is difficult. Perspectives for the implementation of such a stochastic parameterization in weather and climate models are discussed.
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Sorgner, Stefan Lorenz. "The Future of Education." Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 25, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v25i1.38.
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Habermas has criticized the position that educational and genetic enhancements are parallel events (2001, 91). I, on the other hand, will provide reasons for the position that there is a structural analogy between educational and genetic enhancement such that the moral evaluation of these two procedures should be seen as analogous, too. I will show that an affirmation of educational enhancement suggests an affirmation of genetic enhancement. In addition, I offer reasons why both types of enhancement ought to be affirmed. I will progress as follows. First, I will explain the relevance of the question by considering transhumanism and posthumanism. Both are contemporary philosophical and cultural movements in which the question concerning enhancement is central. Second, I will compare educational and genetic enhancement, showing that Habermas’ arguments concerning their relationship are implausible. In the conclusion, I will refer to the relevance of this insight to the future of education, when the humanities will need to be transformed into metahumanities.
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Koedel, Cory, and P. Brett Xiang. "Pension Enhancements and the Retention of Public Employees." ILR Review 70, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 519–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793916650452.
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The authors use data from workers in the largest public-sector occupation in the United States—teaching—to examine the effect of pension enhancements on employee retention. Specifically, they study a 1999 enhancement to the benefit formula for public school teachers in St. Louis, Missouri, that resulted in an immediate and dramatic increase in their incentives to remain in covered employment. To identify the effect of the enhancement on teacher retention, the analysis leverages the fact that the strength of the incentive increase varied across the workforce depending on how far teachers were from retirement eligibility when it was enacted. The results indicate that the St. Louis enhancement—which was structurally similar to enhancements that were enacted in other public pension plans across the United States in the late 1990s and early 2000s—was not a cost-effective way to increase employee retention.
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Stonecipher, Megan, and Karl Stonecipher. "Influences on Enhancement Rates in Laser Vision Correction." US Ophthalmic Review 09, no. 02 (2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2016.09.02.107.
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Introduction:The design of the study was to look consecutively at what are the prime influences on enhancements in laser vision correction related to the perioperative environment.Methods:A prospective consecutive series of 4,079 cases was reviewed from a single surgeon at a single surgical site. Patients were followed prospectively and were only included after at least two years of postoperative follow-up.Results:The series ranged in primary treatments of spherical equivalents (SE) from 0 to -12 diopters (D) with up to 4 D of cylinder. The preoperative average SE was -4.59±2.79 D and the cylinder average was -0.90±0.90 D. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) prior to the enhancement was 0.63±0.23 (20/32) and post-enhancement was 0.99±0.20 (20/20). The top four influences on enhancements were presence of an opaque bubble layer (31.00%); dry eye disease (27.60%); history of ocular allergy (24.10%); and poor fixation (17.10%). Patients could have more than one of the above influences.Conclusions:Laser platforms, outcomes analysis, nomograms, and other influences will be discussed to help produce enhancement rates below 1.00%, which for this series was 0.71% overall.
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Buchanan, Allen. "Cognitive enhancement and education." Theory and Research in Education 9, no. 2 (July 2011): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878511409623.
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Cognitive enhancement — augmenting normal cognitive capacities — is not new. Literacy, numeracy, computers, and the practices of science are all cognitive enhancements. Science is now making new cognitive enhancements possible. Biomedical cognitive enhancements (BCEs) include the administration of drugs, implants of genetically engineered or stem-cell grown neural tissue, transcranial magnetic stimulation, computer/brain interface technologies, and (perhaps someday) modification of human embryos by genetic engineering and/or synthetic biology techniques. The same liberal—democratic values that support education as a public institutional endeavor also supply reasons for institutionalizing and publicly supporting BCE. Pursuing the goals of education may require changing what we have hitherto regarded as the individual’s ‘natural’ potential, even in the case of normal individuals, and this may require recourse to BCE. The prospect of BCE raises no novel issues of distributive justice. Like other beneficial innovations, BCEs have the potential to worsen existing unjust inequalities, but they also have the potential to ameliorate them.
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Ferner, R. "Enhancement." BMJ 345, aug08 1 (August 8, 2012): e5337-e5337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e5337.
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Dash, Laxmikant, and B. N. Chatterji. "Adaptive contrast enhancement and de-enhancement." Pattern Recognition 24, no. 4 (January 1991): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(91)90072-d.
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Cheung, Yun-Chung, Kueian Chen, Chi-Chang Yu, Shir-Hwa Ueng, Chia-Wei Li, and Shin-Cheh Chen. "Contrast-Enhanced Mammographic Features of In Situ and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Manifesting Microcalcifications Only: Help to Predict Underestimation?" Cancers 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174371.
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Background: The contrast-enhanced mammographic features of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) manifesting microcalcifications only on mammograms were evaluated to determine whether they could predict IDC underestimation. Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent mammography-guided biopsy on suspicious breast microcalcifications only and received contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) within 2 weeks before the biopsy. Those patients who were proven to have cancers (DCIS or IDC) by biopsy and subsequently had surgical treatment in our hospital were included for analysis. The presence or absence, size, morphology and texture of enhancement on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography were reviewed by consensus of two radiologists. Results: A total of 49 patients were included for analysis. Forty patients (81.6%) showed enhancement, including 18 (45%) DCIS and 22 (55%) IDC patients. All nine unenhanced cancers were pure DCIS. Pure DCIS showed 72.22% nonmass enhancement and 83.33% pure ground glass enhancement. IDC showed more mass (72.2% vs. 27.8%) and solid enhancements (83.33% vs. 16.67%). The cancer and texture of enhancement were significantly different between pure DCIS and IDC, with moderate diagnostic performance for the former (p-value < 0.01, AUC = 0.66, sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 39%) and the latter (p-value < 0.01, AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 65%, specificity = 83%). Otherwise, pure DCIS showed a significant difference in enhanced texture compared with upgraded IDC and IDC (p = 0.0226 and 0.0018, respectively). Conclusions: Nonmass and pure ground glass enhancements were closely related to pure DCIS, and cases showing mass and unpurified solid enhancements should be suspected as IDC. Unenhanced DCIS with microcalcifications only has a low DCIS upgrade rate. The CESM-enhanced features could feasibly predict IDC underestimation.
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Miah, Andy. "Performance enhancement?: Gene doping." Biochemist 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02902024.
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Over the last 5 years, the world of elite sport has spent a considerable amount of time and money investigating the science behind the next generation of performance enhancements, i.e. genetic enhancement. While scientists are still struggling to develop effective therapeutic interventions based on gene transfer, it is anticipated that athletes will soon try to use the same science to enhance their performances. Some have even argued that it is happening already.
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Su, Yarong, Yuanzhen Shi, Ping Wang, Jinglei Du, Markus B. Raschke, and Lin Pang. "Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (February 25, 2019): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.56.
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In surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), both chemical (CE) and electromagnetic (EM) field effects contribute to its overall enhancement. However, neither the quantification of their relative contributions nor the substrate dependence of the chemical effect have been well established. Moreover, there is to date no understanding of a possible coupling between both effects. Here we demonstrate how systematically engineered silver and gold planar and nanostructured substrates, covering a wide range of field enhancements, provide a way to determine relative contributions of chemical and electromagnetic field-enhancement in SERS measurements of benzenethiol. We find a chemical enhancement of 2 to 14 for different vibrational resonances when referencing against a vibrational mode that undergoes minimal CE. The values are independent of substrate type and independent of the enhancement of the electromagnetic intensity in the range from 1 to 106. This absence of correlation between chemical and electromagnetic enhancement resolves several long-standing controversies on substrate and intensity dependence of the chemical enhancement and allows for a more systematic design of SERS substrates with desired properties.
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Bryan, J. E., and J. Seyed-Yagoobi. "Influence of Flow Regime, Heat Flux, and Mass Flux on Electrohydrodynamically Enhanced Convective Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 2 (May 15, 2000): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1316782.
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The influence of quality, flow regime, heat flux, and mass flux on the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) enhancement of convective boiling of R-134a in a horizontal smooth tube was investigated in detail. The EHD forces generated significant enhancements in the heat transfer coefficient, but the enhancements were highly dependent on the quality, flow regime, heat flux, and mass flux. The experimental data provided evidence that an optimum EHD enhancement exists for a given set of these variables with a specific electrode design. However, experimental data also provided evidence that the EHD forces can drastically reduce the rate of heat transfer at certain conditions
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Et. al., SatyasangramSahoo. "Classification among Image Enhancement Techniques for Computed Tomography scan by using CancerNet neural network." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 4938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2006.
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Enhancement of cancerous images is a vital section of image preprocessing for Computed Tomography imaging classification. The combination of computer added pictures in X-ray is widely used for medical imaging. Basic enhancement techniques like Pixel wise Enhancements and Local operator based operation on computed Tomography (C.T.) scan are mainly used in preprocessing by using an artificially based model of the medical imaging. The study is focused on selecting the better among basic enhancement methods by using the cancerNet neural network structure. Whereas CancerNet is a widely used Convolutional neural Network structure for classification based study for cancerous medical image.
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Xiang, Qing-Yun, Yu Wang, Shi-Yu Li, Lan-Hua Wang, Li-Bin Mo, Wen-Qing Yao, Li Zhang, and Jiang-Li Cao. "Giant conductivity enhancement of ferrite insulators induced by atomic hydrogen." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 19 (2015): 13112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00878f.
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Large conductivity enhancements in ferrite induced by atomic hydrogen and kinetics correlations between the adsorption of atomic hydrogen, hydrogen incorporation and conductivity enhancement are established.
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Kadhum, Zainab Abdulrazzaq. "Equalize The Histogram Equalization for Image enhancement." Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer 1, no. 5 (May 30, 2012): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31642/jokmc/2018/010502.
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Histogram Equalization is one of the technique most commonly used in contrast enhancement. it tends to change the mean brightness of the image to the middle level of the gray level range. However, In this paper, a simple contrast enhancement technique based on conventional histogram equalization algorithm is proposed. This Equalize The histogram equalization technique which takes control over the effect of  histogram equalization technique so that it performs the enhancement of an image
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Chida, Hinako, and Keiko Tawa. "Microscopic Study on Excitation and Emission Enhancement by the Plasmon Mode on a Plasmonic Chip." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226415.
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Excitation and emission enhancement by using the plasmon mode formed on a plasmonic chip was studied with a microscope and micro-spectroscope. Surface plasmon resonance wavelengths were observed on one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) plasmonic chips by measuring reflection and transmission spectra, and they were assigned to the plasmon modes predicted by the theoretical resonance wavelengths. The excitation and emission enhancements were evaluated using the fluorescence intensity of yellow–green fluorescence particles. The 2D grating had plasmon modes of kgx45(2) (diagonal direction with m = 2) in addition to the fundamental mode of kgx(1) (direction of a square one side) in the visible range. In epifluorescence detection, the excitation enhancement factors of kgx(2) on the 1D and 2D chips were found to be 1.3–1.4, and the emission enhancement factor of kgx45(2) on the 2D chip was 1.5–1.8, although the emission enhancement was not found on the 1D chip. Moreover, enhancement factors for the other fluorophores were also studied. The emission enhancement factor of kgx(1) was shown to depend on the fluorescence quantum yield. The emission enhancement of 2D was 1.3-fold larger than that of 1D considering all azimuth components, and the 2D pattern was shown to be advantageous for bright fluorescence microscopic observation.
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Dr. Lakhwinder Pal Singh, Dr Lakhwinder Pal Singh. "Efficiency Enhancement of Electrical Inverter." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2013/64.
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Babu, Dr J. Narendra, Madhuri N. Sachane, Priya D. Ghate, and Sharda Y. Salunkhe. "Enhancement of RVM Using FPGA." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2019): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11i11/20193186.
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Trujillo, Glenn M. "From Taquería to Medical School." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 22, no. 1 (2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201791368.
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This paper begins with a vignette of Juan Carlos, an immigrant to America who works to support his family, attends classes at a community college, and cares for his ill daughter. It argues that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist could condone a safe, legal, and virtuous use of cognitive enhancements in Juan Carlos’s case. The argument is that if an enhancement can lead him closer to eudaimonia (i.e., flourishing, or a good life), then it is morally permissible to use it. The paper closes by demonstrating how common objections to cognitive enhancement fail to undermine Juan Carlos’s justifiable use of the technology. The particularities of his case make it morally acceptable for him to use enhancements in certain situations. The paper, thus, constructs a limited, positive case for the virtuous use of pharmaceutical cognitive enhancements.
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Smith, Leon, Zdenka Kuncic, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, and Shailesh Kumar. "Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Therapy." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/891318.
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Nanoparticle contrast agents offer the potential to significantly improve existing methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Advantages include biocompatibility, selective accumulation in tumor cells, and reduced toxicity. Considerable research is underway into the use of nanoparticles as enhancement agents for radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy, where they may be used to deliver treatment agents, produce localized enhancements in radiation dose and selectively target tumor cells for localized damage. This paper reviews the current status of nanoparticles for cancer treatment and presents preliminary results of a pilot study investigating titanium dioxide nanoparticles for dual-mode enhancement of computed tomography (CT) imaging and kilovoltage radiation therapy. Although titanium dioxide produced noticeable image contrast enhancement in the CT scans, more sensitive detectors are needed to determine whether the nanoparticles can also produce localized dose enhancement for targeted radiation therapy.
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Hähnel, Martin. "Is it ‘more normal’ to enhance than to restore our nature?" Ethics & Bioethics 7, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2017): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ebce-2017-0001.
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Abstract In this paper I give a short overview about the general implications of issues of human nature within the field of human enhancement. The first section of my contribution deals with a certain intertwining of human enhancement and the intrinsic claims of human nature, showing that a non-statistical concept of human nature can play a crucial role in the debate on human enhancement. After that, my aim is to validate that particular enhancements (e.g. neuro-enhancement) fall under the same normative criteria as “normal enhancement”, only requiring a special contextual awareness to co-exist with it ethically. Methodically, my intention is to draw on quasi-naturalist approaches, which argue that our nature as humans is not a “mixed bag”, but seems to be wholly constituted by its species-related characteristics. As a result, we can state that our evaluations of living beings or life forms, which are also evaluations of our methods of medical treatments and of our ethical attitudes, depend on our picture of human nature.
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Lorenzen, Kai, Kenneth M. Leber, Neil R. Loneragan, Ryan W. Schloesser, and Matthew D. Taylor. "Developing and integrating enhancement strategies to improve and restore fisheries." Bulletin of Marine Science 97, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0036.
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Fisheries enhancements are management approaches involving the use of aquaculture and habitat technologies (in the broadest sense) to enhance or restore fisheries. The technologies most commonly used include hatchery rearing and release of aquatic animals and provision of artificial structures such as artificial reefs. Both are associated with distinct fields of knowledge and communities of practice. Recent calls to expand and broaden the role of aquaculture and habitat enhancements in marine conservation and an increasingly integrated view of living marine resource management have led to an aspirational broadening of concepts in this area. The 10th William R and Lenore Mote Symposium and 6 th International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching aimed to advance and integrate knowledge across enhancement technologies and practices. Substantial progress was noted in multiple technical areas such as understanding the potential and limitations for rearing organisms fit for release into the wild, and the design of artificial reefs to enhance local fish abundance. Crucial higher-level goals such as effectively enhancing or restoring fish abundance and fisheries at the stock level continue to receive insufficient attention across the enhancement sciences. Integration of enhancement strategies provides opportunities and challenges including a need to recognize, cross-discover, and engage other distinct areas of knowledge and communities of practice. A quick reference guide is provided to facilitate this process.
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Oster, Kamil, Christopher Hardacre, Johan Jacquemin, Ana P. C. Ribeiro, and Abdulaziz Elsinawi. "Thermal Conductivity Enhancement Phenomena in Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids (Ionanofluids)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 2 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18116.
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The dispersion of nanoparticles into ionic liquids leads to enhancement of their thermal conductivity. Several papers report on various enhancement values, whereas the comparison between these values with those from theoretical calculations is not always performed. These thermal conductivity enhancements are desired due to their beneficial impact on heat transfer performance in processes requiring the utilisation of heat transfer fluids. Moreover, on the one hand, the theoretical modelling of these enhancements might lead to an easier, cheaper, and faster heat transfer unit design, which could be an enormous advantage in the design of novel industrial applications. On the other hand, it significantly impacts the enhancement mechanism. The aim of this work is to discuss the enhancement of thermal conductivity caused by the dispersion of nanoparticles in ionic liquids, including the analysis of their errors, followed by its theoretical modelling. Furthermore, a comparison between the data reported herein with those available in the literature is carried out following the reproducibility of the thermal conductivity statement. The ionic liquids studied were 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, while carbon nanotubes, boron nitride, and graphite were selected as nanoparticles to be dispersed in the investigated ionic liquids to design novel heat transfer fluids.
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Ozaki, T., L. Elouga Bom, and R. A. Ganeev. "Extending the capabilities of ablation harmonics to shorter wavelengths and higher intensity." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 2 (June 2008): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460800027x.
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AbstractWe study the generation of high-order harmonics from plasma plume, by using the 20 TW, 10 Hz laser of the Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS). We perform detailed studies on enhancement of single high-order harmonics generated in laser plasma using the fundamental and second harmonic of the ALLS beam line. Quasi-monochromatic harmonics are observed for Mn, Cr, Sb, Sn, and In plasmas. We identify most of the ionic/neutral transitions responsible for the enhancement, which all have strong oscillator strengths. Intensity enhancements of the 13th, 17th, 21st, 29th, and 33rd harmonics from these targets are demonstrated using the 800 nm pump laser and varying its chirp. We also observed harmonic enhancement from some targets for 400 nm pump laser. Using Mn plume, we demonstrated the highest harmonic photon energy (52.9 eV) at which enhancement has been observed (17th order, λ = 23.5 nm).
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Soumyashree, Swetapuspa, and Prashant Kumar. "Effect of plasma temperature and electron number density on signal enhancement observed in nanoparticle enhanced LIBS." Journal of Optics 24, no. 5 (April 12, 2022): 054008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac5ed0.
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Abstract The present work aims to understand the signal enhancement observed in nanoparticle (NP)-enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS) due to changes in the plasma parameters as a result of improved atomization and excitation. A systematic study on signal enhancements during NELIBS using simultaneous spectroscopy and imaging is investigated by varying the experimental parameters like particle size and laser fluence. We have observed similar enhancements in spectroscopy and imaging channels regardless of NP size at different laser fluences. Although the plume size in NELIBS was marginally more prominent than the LIBS at the same laser fluence, the corresponding intensity in NELIBS is significantly higher. This agrees with the hypothesis of efficient atomization and excitation of plasma in the case of NELIBS. Therefore, we performed a sensitivity analysis using simulated LIBS signal to understand changes in experimentally observable plasma parameters (excitation temperature and electron number density) on signal enhancement. We have shown that the enhancements in the emission intensities of typically one order of magnitude can be explained as a result of the change in electron number density and plasma temperature. A comparison of the expected enhancement due to this change with experimental observation for a Cu I line is also presented.
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Gieseking, Rebecca L., Mark A. Ratner, and George C. Schatz. "Theoretical modeling of voltage effects and the chemical mechanism in surface-enhanced Raman scattering." Faraday Discussions 205 (2017): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00122c.
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Theoretical approaches can provide insight into the mechanisms and magnitudes of electromagnetic and chemical effects in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), properties that are not readily available experimentally. Here, we model the SERS spectra of two geometries of the prototypical Ag20–pyridine cluster using a semiempirical INDO/SCI approach that allows a straightforward decomposition of the enhancement factors at each wavelength into electromagnetic and chemical terms, with proper treatment of resonant charge-transfer contributions to the enhancement. The method also enables us to determine the dependence of the enhancement on the electrochemical potential. We show that the electromagnetic enhancements for the Ag20 cluster are <10 far from resonance but can increase to 102 to 103 on resonance with plasmon excitation in the cluster. The decomposition also shows that for the systems studied here, the chemical enhancements are primarily due to resonance with excited states with significant charge-transfer character. This term is typically <10 but can be >102 at electrochemical potentials where the charge-transfer excited states are resonant with the incoming light, leading to total enhancements of >104.
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Sharma, Sahil, Abhisek Sinha, Vandana Sharma, and Ram gopal Sharma. "Field Enhancement in Nanoparticles Due to IR Vortex Beams." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 1255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1255ecst.
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In this report we present our study of interaction of light carrying OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) with nanometric metallic discs. Plasmonic effects are known to give rise to high local field enhancement factors in gold nano-discs. These high intensities near fields have found use in a wide variety of imaging and detection applications. The local field enhancement factor near the surface of the disc was calculated numerically using finite element method using the Comsol package. We report a significant increase in the local field enhancement factor for light beams carrying OAM compared to Gaussian beams which are attributed to Localised Surface Plasmon Resonances (LSPR). Such large enhancements in the field can be immensely useful in the field on near field microscopy and electron generation.
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McKendry, I. G., A. M. Macdonald, W. R. Leaitch, A. van Donkelaar, Q. Zhang, T. Duck, and R. V. Martin. "Trans-Pacific dust events observed at Whistler, British Columbia during INTEX-B." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (June 2, 2008): 10275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-10275-2008.
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Abstract. The meteorology and physico-chemical characteristics of aerosol associated with two new cases of long range dust transport affecting western Canada during spring 2006 are described. Each event showed enhancements of both sulfate aerosol and crustal material of Asian origin. However, the events were of quite different character and demonstrate the highly variable nature of such events. The April event was a significant dust event with moderate sulfate enhancement while the May event was a weak dust event with very significant sulfate enhancement. The latter event was interesting in the sense that it was of short duration and was quickly followed by significant enhancement of organic material likely of regional origin. Comparison of these two events with other documented cases extending back to 1993, suggests that all dust events show coincident enhancements of sulfate and crustal aerosol. However, events vary across a wide continuum based on the magnitude of aerosol enhancements and their sulfate to calcium ratios. At one extreme, events are dominated by highly significant crustal enhancements (e.g. the well-documented 1998 and 2001 "dust" events) while at the other are events with some dust transport, but where sulfate enhancements are of very high magnitude (e.g. the 1993 event at Crater Lake and the 15 May 2006 event at Whistler). Other events represent a "mix". It is likely that this variability is a function of the comparative strengths of the dust and anthropogenic SO2 sources, the transport pathway and in particular the extent to which dust is transported across industrial SO2 sources, and finally, meteorological and chemical processes.
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Kirschbaum, Miko U. F., and Suzanne M. Lambie. "Re-analysis of plant CO2 responses during the exponential growth phase: interactions with light, temperature, nutrients and water availability." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 10 (2015): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp15103.
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Many short-term experiments have been conducted under increasing CO2 but results have been varied and have not yet led to a conclusive quantitative understanding of the CO2 response of plant growth. This may have been partly due to a lack of explicit consideration of the positive feedback inherent in plant growth during periods of exponential growth. This feedback can increase an initial physiological enhancement of relative growth rate (RGR) into a much larger biomass enhancement. To overcome this problem, we re-analysed existing experimental data from 78 publications. We calculated the RGRs of C3 plants and their relative enhancement under elevated CO2 and derived response indices that were independent of the duration of experiments and the RGR at normal atmospheric CO2. The RGR of unstressed plants increased by 14 ± 2% under doubled CO2, with observed RGR enhancement linearly correlated with calculated photosynthetic enhancements (based on the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry photosynthesis model), but at only half their numeric values. Calculated RGR enhancements did not change significantly for temperatures from 12 to 40°C, but were reduced under nutrient limitation, and were increased under water stress or low irradiance. We concluded that short-term experiments can offer simple and cost-effective insights into plant CO2 responses, provided they are analysed by calculating relative changes in RGR during the strictly exponential initial growth phase.
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Abebe, Mekides Assefa, and Jon Yngve Hardeberg. "Deep Learning Approaches for Whiteboard Image Quality Enhancement." Color and Imaging Conference 2019, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2019.63.4.040404.
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Different whiteboard image degradations highly reduce the legibility of pen-stroke content as well as the overall quality of the images. Consequently, different researchers addressed the problem through different image enhancement techniques. Most of the state-of-the-art approaches applied common image processing techniques such as background foreground segmentation, text extraction, contrast and color enhancements and white balancing. However, such types of conventional enhancement methods are incapable of recovering severely degraded pen-stroke contents and produce artifacts in the presence of complex pen-stroke illustrations. In order to surmount such problems, the authors have proposed a deep learning based solution. They have contributed a new whiteboard image data set and adopted two deep convolutional neural network architectures for whiteboard image quality enhancement applications. Their different evaluations of the trained models demonstrated their superior performances over the conventional methods.
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Nilsson, H., S. Kirkwood, J. Lilensten, and M. Galand. "Enhanced incoherent scatter plasma lines." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 12 (December 31, 1996): 1462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1462-z.
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Abstract. Detailed model calculations of auroral secondary and photoelectron distributions for varying conditions have been used to calculate the theoretical enhancement of incoherent scatter plasma lines. These calculations are compared with EISCAT UHF radar measurements of enhanced plasma lines from both the E and F regions, and published EISCAT VHF radar measurements. The agreement between the calculated and observed plasma line enhancements is good. The enhancement from the superthermal distribution can explain even the very strong enhancements observed in the auroral E region during aurora, as previously shown by Kirkwood et al. The model calculations are used to predict the range of conditions when enhanced plasma lines will be seen with the existing high-latitude incoherent scatter radars, including the new EISCAT Svalbard radar. It is found that the detailed structure, i.e. the gradients in the suprathermal distribution, are most important for the plasma line enhancement. The level of superthermal flux affects the enhancement only in the region of low phase energy where the number of thermal electrons is comparable to the number of suprathermal electrons and in the region of high phase energy where the suprathermal fluxes fall to such low levels that their effect becomes small compared to the collision term. To facilitate the use of the predictions for the different radars, the expected signal- to-noise ratios (SNRs) for typical plasma line enhancements have been calculated. It is found that the high-frequency radars (Søndre Strømfjord, EISCAT UHF) should observe the highest SNR, but only for rather high plasma frequencies. The VHF radars (EISCAT VHF and Svalbard) will detect enhanced plasma lines over a wider range of frequencies, but with lower SNR.
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Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari, Moyad Shahwan, Sa’ed H. Zyoud, Baharudin Ibrahim, and Samer H. Zyoud. "Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 6737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196737.
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This paper reports an important investigation and quantification of adulteration of sexual enhancement supplements with prescription medicines available in United Arab Emirates (UAE): tadalafil, sildenafil and vardenafil. A total of 158 sexual enhancement supplements were collected and analyzed in the current study. The samples were screened using REVERSE-phase liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS). Of all sexual enhancements, 12.7% (95% CI: 7.4–18) contained undeclared sildenafil, 3.8% (95% CI: 0.78–6.81) contained undeclared tadalafil and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.25–4.05) contained undeclared vardenafil. Of all sexual enhancement supplements, 13.9% (95% CI: 8.5–19.4) contained significant concentrations of sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil. While the study found relatively low levels of undeclared pharmaceutical ingredients in the sexual enhancement dietary supplements available on the UAE market, it is likely that patients with ED tend to consume multiple such supplements daily, thereby exposing themselves to highly elevated cumulative levels.
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Naidu P., Sudha Brahma, and P. S. Kishore. "HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT USING CIRCUMFERENTIAL FINNED TWISTED TAPE HEAT EXCHANGER." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i9.2017.2225.
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The most desirable feature in any thermal equipment is the enhancement of heat transfer. Heat transfer is basically a slow process and is enhanced by adopting passive or active methods of enhancement. In passive enhancement methods, heat transfer is increased without demanding any external power source; while in active method, enhancement in heat transfer demand external power. In this work, a passive enhancement method is proposed and tested to check the extent of heat transfer enhancement noticed. A tube in shell heat exchanger is designed with circumferential fins attached along the length of tube and a spiral insert running inside the tube. One fluid is made to flow inside the tube under the influence of twisted tape and the shell side fluid is running around the tube continuously provoked by fins. Therefore, the hot and cold fluids were estimated to exchange more heat because of thorough mixing initiated in their flow paths. In this work, analysis was made in CFD package by creating a model that simulates experimentations observed in the literature. The results of experiments and results of CFD analysis were compared. Noticing the agreement between the results, the CFD model is given enhancements like circumferential fins and twisted tape to check the enhancement in heat transfer. The velocity and temperature contours were observed at various flow conditions (Reynolds numbers). Based on results of analysis, thermal performance factor is also estimated to check the increment in heat transfer with reference to hydraulic (or flow) parameters.
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Ganeev, Rashid A., and Hiroto Kuroda. "Reexamining Different Factors of the Resonance-Enhanced High-Order Harmonic Generation in Atomic and Nanoparticle Laser-Induced Tin Plasmas." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052193.
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We reexamine the resonance enhancement of a single harmonic emission during the propagation of ultrafast pulses through atomic and nanoparticle tin-containing laser-induced plasma (LIP). We compare the single atomic Sn and Sn nanoparticle plasmas to demonstrate a distinction in the enhancement factor of the single harmonic in the case of fixed and tunable near-infrared pulses. The analysis of the dynamics of Sn LIP shows the range of optimal delays between heating and driving pulses (130–180 ns), at which the maximal harmonic yield can be achieved. The enhancements of the 17th and 18th harmonics of 806 nm pulses were analyzed in the case of single-color and two-color pumps of LIP, showing up to a 12-fold enhancement of even harmonics in the two-color pump case. We show the enhancement of a single harmonic in the vicinity of the 4d105s25p2P3/2→4d95s25p2 transitions of Sn II ions and demonstrate how this process depends on the constituency of the plasma components at different conditions of target ablation. The application of tunable (1280–1440 nm) radiation allows for demonstrating the variations of single harmonic enhancement using a two-color pump of Sn-containing LIP.
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Panferov, Vasily G., Nadezhda A. Byzova, Sergey F. Biketov, Anatoly V. Zherdev, and Boris B. Dzantiev. "Comparative Study of In Situ Techniques to Enlarge Gold Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2." Biosensors 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11070229.
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Three techniques were compared for lowering the limit of detection (LOD) of the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the post-assay in situ enlargement of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a test strip. Silver enhancement (growth of a silver layer over Au NPs—Au@Ag NPs) and gold enhancement (growth of a gold layer over Au NPs) techniques and the novel technique of galvanic replacement of Ag by Au in Au@Ag NPs causing the formation of Au@Ag-Au NPs were performed. All the enhancements were performed on-site after completion of the conventional LFIA and maintained equipment-free assay. The assays demonstrated lowering of LODs in the following rows: 488 pg/mL (conventional LFIA with Au NPs), 61 pg/mL (silver enhancement), 8 pg/mL (galvanic replacement), and 1 pg/mL (gold enhancement). Using gold enhancement as the optimal technique, the maximal dilution of inactivated SARS-CoV-2-containing samples increased 500 times. The developed LFIA provided highly sensitive and rapid (8 min) point-of-need testing.