Academic literature on the topic 'Enhanced steam generation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Enhanced steam generation"
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Ghafurian, Mohammad Mustafa, Hamid Niazmand, Ehsan Ebrahimnia-Bajestan, and Robert A. Taylor. "Wood surface treatment techniques for enhanced solar steam generation." Renewable Energy 146 (February 2020): 2308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.036.
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Wang, Yida, Xuan Wu, Bo Shao, Xiaofei Yang, Gary Owens, and Haolan Xu. "Boosting solar steam generation by structure enhanced energy management." Science Bulletin 65, no. 16 (August 2020): 1380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2020.04.036.
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Chaar, Marwan, Milton Venetos, Justin Dargin, and Daniel Palmer. "Economics Of Steam Generation For Thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery." Oil and Gas Facilities 4, no. 06 (December 1, 2015): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/172004-pa.
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Wang, Kongxiang, Jiaojiao Xing, Ankang Kan, Huaqing Xie, and Wei Yu. "Investigation of Enhanced Volumetric Solar Steam Generation by a Lower Concentration of ZrC Nanofluid." Nano 15, no. 03 (March 2020): 2050030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500307.
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Solar steam generation is an efficient photo thermal conversion method, which has a wide range of applications in water purification and desalination. With an increasing requirement for technological advancements, the low efficiency of the working media has become a hindrance. In this work, ZrC nanofluid, which has good stability and broad-band absorption capability, was prepared to enhance the volumetric solar steam generation. The effect of ZrC nanoparticle concentration, within a large volume, on a solar steam generation was experimentally studied. It has been found that due to the unique optical absorption characteristics of ZrC nanoparticles, an advantageous temperature gradient with hot irradiation surface layer is attained and the irradiation energy is mostly absorbed by the top surface layer to generate steam. This reduces heat dissipation and improves the evaporation efficiency of the working media. Enhanced solar steam generation by using ZrC nanofluid in the base fluid reduces evaporation costs and expands its applicability in commercial production.
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Liu, Xing, Xinzhi Wang, Jian Huang, Gong Cheng, and Yurong He. "Volumetric solar steam generation enhanced by reduced graphene oxide nanofluid." Applied Energy 220 (June 2018): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.097.
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Zou, Yuan, Peng Yang, Lu Yang, Ning Li, Gaigai Duan, Xianhu Liu, and Yiwen Li. "Boosting solar steam generation by photothermal enhanced polydopamine/wood composites." Polymer 217 (March 2021): 123464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123464.
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Jin, Xin, Guiping Lin, and Haichuan Jin. "Experimental Investigations on Steam Generation in Nanofluids under Concentrated Solar Radiation." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133985.
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Developing renewable energy, especially solar energy related, is of great importance for securing our future energy society. Steam generation in nanofluids based on solar radiation has been increasingly studied. It has been determined that the efficiency of steam generation is significantly enhanced when nanoparticles are seeded into the fluid owing to their unique radiative heat transfer performance. The nanoparticles trap solar energy inside the fluid and convert it into thermal form, which dramatically accelerates the steam generation process. In this study, we experimentally investigated different nanofluids that directly absorb solar energy to generate steam. Ag nanofluid, Au nanofluid and MWCNT nanofluid with different concentration have been carefully investigated. We analyzed the temperature increase and steam generation combined with the calculation of the efficiency factor from radiative heat transfer. The heating power and steam generation power of different nanofluids and the same nanofluid with different concentrations were compared. For Au nanofluid with concentration of 0.5 wt‰, the absorbed solar energy for heating the volume and generating steam is 6 and 40 times higher than those of pure water, respectively. We concluded that localized boiling generates steam rapidly in nanofluids based on the observation of three types of nanofluids. Furthermore, the heating power and steam generation power of different nanofluids increase with concentration. Moreover, the difference between the efficiency factors results in varied volume heating and steam generation efficiencies for different nanofluids despite identical concentrations.
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Cheng, Gong, Xinzhi Wang, Xing Liu, Yurong He, and Boris V. Balakin. "Enhanced interfacial solar steam generation with composite reduced graphene oxide membrane." Solar Energy 194 (December 2019): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.10.065.
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Aziznezhad, Mohammad, Elaheh K. Goharshadi, Roya Mehrkhah, and Mohammad Mustafa Ghafurian. "Alkaline earth metals doped VO2 nanoparticles for enhanced interfacial solar steam generation." Materials Research Bulletin 149 (May 2022): 111705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111705.
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Soo Joo, Beom, In Soo Kim, Il Ki Han, Hyungduk Ko, Jin Gu Kang, and Gumin Kang. "Plasmonic silicon nanowires for enhanced heat localization and interfacial solar steam generation." Applied Surface Science 583 (May 2022): 152563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152563.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Enhanced steam generation"
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Marchetti, Francesca. "Carbon – based nanofluids and hybrid natural polymers for enhanced solar-driven evaporation of water: synthesis and characterization." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/260374.
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The scarcity of freshwater is becoming a global challenge worldwide due to limited resources availability and increasing demand both for manufacturing and household use. For this reason, there is an important need to develop efficient, economic and sustainable desalination technologies able to take advantage of unconventional sources of water (seawater, brackish groundwater and wastewater) in order to produce freshwater.
Sun is considered as the most promising abundant renewable (and free) energy source that can be employed in steam and vapor generation processes, which has a great importance in many applications such as: water desalination, domestic water heating, and power generation.
This doctoral dissertation presents a study on the efficiency of different carbon based systems - nanofluids and hybrid natural composites - for the improvement of direct-solar evaporation systems, for the production of freshwater. The two main goals of this work consist of: (i) the synthesis and characterization of stable carbon-based nanofluids in water and of re-usable, economical and ecological hybrid composite materials, and (ii) the comparison of such carbon-based systems applied to water evaporation, understanding mechanisms, advantages and limitations.
Carbon based materials (carbon black, graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) were chosen because of their high sunlight absorption ability, unique thermal properties, as well as low cost and abundant availability. However, the hydrophobic character of such materials makes necessary to find efficient strategies to overcome this problem when dealing with water.
In this work, the suspension stability of graphene-based nanofluids in water - a key parameter for the application of nanofluids in any field - was effectively improved by combining physical (by RF Sputtering coating) or chemical (by NaClO-NaBr solution) graphene surface modification treatments, and the use of common additives (Triton X-114, SDBS and gum arabic) showing different stabilization mechanisms. The best strategy to obtain long-time graphene suspension stability in water (both deionized water and saline solution with 3.5 wt% NaCl) turned out to be the combination of the easy chemical treatment with the electro-steric stabilization effect of gum arabic.
In addition to nanofluids, a re-usable devices based on gum arabic cross-linked gelatin hydrogel were synthesized and characterized. Hydrophobic carbon-based materials were easily and uniformly embedded into the porous hydrogel matrix, thanks to the amphiphilic character of both gelatin and gum arabic. The effect of carbon-nanoparticles nature, morphology and concentration on the measured effective thermal conductivity of the composite material was studied and the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles was evaluated applying several models based on the effective medium approach. The values obtained for the nanoparticles were far from the tabulated thermal conductivity values because of the combination of the composite features (such as nanoparticles concentration, Kapitza resistance) and the particles characteristics (such as aspect ratio, crystalline structure).
The performance of carbon-based nanofluids and hybrid hydrogels on direct-solar evaporation of water was tested and compared to that of carbon-wood bilayer composite (which presents both hydrophilic character and natural channels for water transportation) under solar simulator. The effect of surface temperature, light-to-heat conversion efficiency of carbon-based materials, heat losses, water transport through a porous medium and suspension stability (in the case of nanofluids) were investigated in order to understand the advantages and limitations of such systems.
All the tested systems were able to improve water evaporation rate and evaporation efficiency up to 70% and 82% under 1 sun and 2 suns respectively using a small amount of nanoparticles: the same amount of particles dispersed in nanofluid (0.01 wt%) was embedded into hydrogels or deposited onto wood. The high sunlight absorption ability of carbon-based nanoparticles appeared as a dominant parameter for the improvement of water evaporation rate. In fact, enhanced light absorption was directly related to a high photothermal conversion efficiency, which caused an improvement in the surface temperature, leading to a consequent enhancement in evaporation rate. It has been found that an adequate supply of water to the evaporation surface represents a fundamental parameter as well considering floating systems.
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Gao, Lan. "A Dual Approach For Water Purification Based On Solar Energy." Thesis, Université Gustave Eiffel, 2022. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2022/TH2022UEFL2002.
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Dans le contexte de la réduction de la ressource en eau potable à échelle mondiale, un intérêt croissant est porté au développement de technologies efficaces de purification de l'eau. Dans les travaux de cette thèse de doctorat, nous avons exploré le potentiel des micro- et nanotechnologies afin de proposer et évaluer deux méthodes de purification de l'eau, toutes deux entièrement autonomes en énergie et n'utilisant que l'énergie solaire pour leur mise en œuvre. La première méthode consiste en la génération de vapeur d'eau de façon accélérée grâce à la mise en œuvre d'une méta-mousse que nous avons conçus, dont nous avons modélisé et simulé le fonctionnement, puis optimisé pour la rendre la plus efficace en terme de quantité de vapeur générée par unité de temps et par unité de surface. En exploitant le silicium noir nanostructuré et en y rajoutant une micro-structuration bidimensionnelle contrôlée, unesérie de méta-mousses ont été réalisées et évaluées et les résultats ont montré une efficacité de conversion de 89% et une vitesse d'évaporation de 1,34 kg/(h·m2), ce qui représente une performance au-delà de l'état de l'art et proche de la limite théorique. La deuxième méthode est basée sur la photocatalyse. Elle se veut complémentaire de la première car elle permet de purifier les polluants résiduels volatils qui persistent après la mise en œuvre de la première méthode basée sur l'évaporation (et la condensation). Pour répondre aux exigences du traitement de l'eau à grande échelle, il y a deux points importants : L'un est la durabilité incluant la stabilité chimique du matériau photocatalyseur, en particulier dans des conditions extrêmes de pH de l'eau. L'autre est la facilité de synthèse de tels photocatalyseurs avec unenano-structure spécifiques. Sur la base de l'expérience du laboratoire en matière de croissance de nanofils (NWs) de ZnO, connu pour ses excellentes propriétés photocatalytiques, notre principale contribution dans cette thèse a consisté à le rendre plus durable et robuste aux environnements chimiques agressifs. A cet effet, nous avons proposé et évalué une combinaison de ZnO et de TiO 2 , tous deux ayant de hautes performances de dépollution. Cette combinaison a pour objectif de tirer profit des avantages respectifs des deux matériaux: la très bonne robustesse chimique du TiO 2 d'une part et la possibilité de synthétiser du ZnO sous forme de nanofils, donc avec une très grande surface spécifique. Il nous a semblé donc avantageux d'effectuer un revêtement de TiO 2 d'une épaisseur nanométrique sur des nanofils de ZnO (NW) après qu'un réseau homogène de ZnO NW ait été synthétisé. Cet assemblage original du tandem TiO 2 /ZnO nanostructuré a été caractérisé puis nous avons évalué sa durabilité et sa fonctionnalité de purification de l'eau. Notre solution s'est avérée efficace aussi bien dans dessolutions aqueuses fortement acides et fortement basiques. De plus, l'expérience de purification photocatalytique de l'eau des colorants organiques a été démontrée avec succès. Les résultats engrangés dans cette thèse offrent la perspective de valorisation en vue de la réalisation de systèmes de purification d'eau complètement autonomes et à bas coûtIn the context of increasing global water scarcity, many efforts have been devoted to developing efficient water purification technologies. In this thesis work, two eco-friendly and promising approaches water purification approaches, surface-enhanced solar steam generation and photocatalysis, are studied to come out with a nano-enabled, fully self-consistent device that operates solely based on sunlight for delivering high-quality water.Surface-enhanced solar steam generation can be applied to purify insoluble and soluble water pollutants. It requires proper active photothermal material surface and optimized porosity to achieve high evaporation efficiency by localizing the heat at the water-air interface during solar steam generation. Herein, Taking the advantage of the characteristics of silicon that can be tailored to the target shape in the nanofabrication process and the high absorptivity of the black silicon, we report a bilayer black absorber sheet consisting of black silicon and commercial foam, being capable of providing superior performance in photothermal conversion, thermal insulation, and water imbibition simultaneously. The porosity of the foam is theoretically optimized by numerical modeling. Subsequent scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy characterization and validated experiments revealed that the solar steam generation efficiency was increased to above 88% with the evaporation rate of 1.34 kg/(h·m2) under 1 sun illumination, a pioneering value compared with the state-of-the-art. In addition to insoluble and soluble water pollutants, there are some volatile organic water pollutants that cannot be eliminated by enhanced steam generation. Therefore, the photocatalysis water purification method is also studied, which proved to be effective in degrading organic water pollutants. To meet the requirement of large-scale water treatment, there are two important points: One is the lifetime and chemical stability of the photocatalyst material, especially in complex and harsh aqueous conditions. The other is the ease of synthesis of such photocatalysts with specific nano-morphology. In this thesis work, ZnO and TiO2 these two common photocatalysts are selected due to their high performance in degradation by producing the oxidative free radical after being illuminated by UV light. This involves the combination of both TiO2 and ZnO in a two-step si mple synthesis method. It appears advantageous to exploit the conformal deposition of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to achieve nanometer-thick TiO2 coating on ZnO nanowires (NWs) after a homogeneous ZnO NW array successfully grown using hydrothermal synthesis method with a high aspect ratio, which is firmly anchored to a substrate and exhibit a large specific surface area. After being characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis via high resolution- scanning electron microscopy measurements, the high chemical stability of the ALD TiO2 coating has been investigated in detail and proven to be effective under both strong acid and strong alkaline aqueous solutions. In addition, the photocatalysis for water purification experiments with organic dyes shows that via this simple two-step synthesis method. Finally, it’s proved that the produced ZnO/TiO2 tandem does indeed exhibit improved chemical stability in a harsh environment while allowing efficient photodegradation
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Sethapati, Vivek Venkata. "Computational Fluid Flow Analysis of the Enhanced-Once through Steam generator Auxiliary feedwater system." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77020.
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The once through steam generator (OTSG) is a single pass counter flow heat exchanger in which primary pressurized water from the core is circulated. Main Feedwater is injected in an annular gap on the outer periphery of the steam generator shroud such that it aspirates steam to preheat the feedwater to saturation temperature. An important component of the OTSG and enhanced once through steam generator (EOTSG) is the auxiliary feedwater system (AFW), which is used during accident/transient scenarios to remove residual heat by injecting water through jets along the outer periphery of the heat exchanger core directly on to the tubes at the top of the OTSG. The intention is for the injected water, which is subcooled, to spread into the tube nest and wet as many tubes as possible. In this project, the main objectives were to use first principles Computational Fluid Dynamics to predict the number of wetted tubes versus flow rate in the EOTSG at the AFW injection location above the top tube support plate. To perform the fluid analysis, the losses in the bypass leakage flow and broached hole leakage flow were first quantified and then used to model a 1/8th sector of the EOTSG. Using user defined functions (UDF), the loss coefficients of the leakage flows were implemented on the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG computational model to provide boundary conditions at the bypass flow and leakage flow locations With this method, the number of tubes wetted in the sector of EOTSG for various AFW flow rates was found. Results showed that the number of wetted tubes was in very close agreement to that predicted by experimental-analytical methods by the sponsor, AREVA. With the maximum flow rate of 65 l/s a total of 318 tubes were wetted and the percentage of tubes wetted with broached holes was 8.7%.
The analysis on the bypass leakage flow showed that the loss coefficients was a function of the mass flow rate or the flow Reynolds number through the gap and it increased as the Reynolds number increased from 300 to 1600. The experimental and computational loss coefficients agree to within 15% of each other. In contrast, the constant loss coefficient of 1.3 used by AREVA was much higher than that obtained in this study, particularly in the low Reynolds number range. As the Reynolds number approached 3000, the loss coefficients from this study approached the value of 1.3. This value of the loss coefficient was implemented for the bypass flow leakage in the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG model.
The analysis on the broached hole leakage flow was performed using a single hole, five holes, and one, two, four and eight rows of broached holes in order to characterize the loss coefficients. The one hole and five hole computational models were validated with experiments. The computational models showed the presence of voids in the leakage flow through the tube support plate (TSP), which were not observed (visually) in the experiments. The characterization of the broached hole leakage in the one, two and four rows showed that the loss coefficient of the control broached hole increased as the number of rows increased. These results indicated that for the same height of water on the TSP, the resistance to leakage flow increased as the number of tubes increased. They also indicated that leakage flow through the broached holes was not solely a function of the height of water above the TSP but also the surrounding geometrical topology and the flow characteristics. However, the analysis done for eight rows showed that the loss coefficient became constant after a certain number of rows as the loss coefficient differed by only 5% from the results of the four rows. From these results it was determined that the loss coefficient asymptotes to an estimated value of 4.0 which was implemented in the broached hole leakage flow in the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG.
Computational models of the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG were implemented with the respective loss coefficients for the bypass and leakage flows. Results showed that as the AFW flow rate increased, the percentage wetted tubes increased. The data matched closely with AREVA's experimental-analytical model for flow rates of 14.5 l/s and higher. It was also deduced that complete wetting of the tubes is not possible at the maximum AFW flow rate of 65 l/s.Master of Science
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Spontarelli, Adam Michael. "CFD Analysis of Aspirator Region in a B&W Enhanced Once-Through Steam Generator." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23182.
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This analysis calculates the velocity profile and recirculation ratio in the aspirator region of an enhanced once-through steam generator of the Babcock & Wilcox design. This information is important to the development of accurate RELAP5 models, steam generator level calculations, steam generator downcomer models, and flow induced vibration analyses. The OpenFOAM CFD software package was used to develop the three-dimensional model of the EOTSG aspirator region, perform the calculations, and post-process the results. Through a series of cases, each improving upon the modeling accuracy of the previous, insight is gained into the importance of various modeling considerations, as well as the thermal-hydraulic behavior in the steam generator downcomer. Modeling the tube support plates and tube nest is important for the accurate prediction of flow rates above and below the aspirator port, but has little affect on the aspirator region itself. Modeling the MFW nozzle has minimal influence on the incoming steam velocity, but does create a slight azimuthal asymmetry and alter the flow pattern in the downcomer, creating recirculation patterns important to inter-phase heat transfer. Through the development of a two-phase solution that couples the aspirated steam and liquid feedwater, it was found that the ratio of droplet surface area to volume plays the most important role in determining the rate of aspiration. Calculations of the velocity profile and recirculation ratio are compared against those of historical calculations, demonstrating the possibility that these parameters were previously underpredicted. Such a conclusion can only be confidently made once experimental data is made available to validate the results of this analysis.Master of Science
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Ma, Kuiying. "Regulation of early human T cell development Generation of adult human T-cell progenitors for immunotherapeutic applications TNFα enhances in vitro generation of T-cell precursors from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB040.
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La première étape du développement lymphocytaire T se caractérise par la migration de progéniteurs hématopoïétiques dans le thymus et l'initiation du programme de différenciation T. La régulation du développement des lymphocytes T est étroitement associée au micro-environnement du thymus. Cependant, en raison de modèles d'étude limités, les mécanismes régulant le développement des lymphocytes T humains sont encore peu compris. Nous avons donc développé un système de culture in vitro sans stroma qui soutient le développement précoce des cellules T humaines à partir de cellules souches / progénitrices hématopoïétiques humaines néonatales et adultes. Ce système est basé sur un composant principal, le ligand de Notch DL-4. Les progéniteurs de cellules T générés dans le système de culture DL-4 présentent des caractéristiques similaires à ceux des thymocytes T immatures humains. De plus, ces cellules ont un potentiel de différenciation T puisqu'ils produisent des lymphocytes T matures avec un répertoire TCR très diversifié après transplantation à des souris NOD/SCID/gamma(c)- / - . Au cours de mon travail de thèse, j'ai optimisé le système de culture en ajoutant du TNFa, une cytokine naturellement exprimée dans le thymus et qui améliore considérablement la génération in vitro de progéniteurs T grâce à une augmentation de la survie et de la prolifération des précurseurs T, ainsi qu'en inhibant la différenciation myéloïde. J'ai également démontré que la régulation du TNFa sur les progéniteurs des lymphocytes T était principalement basée sur l'activation de la signalisation NFkB, ainsi que la régulation de l'expression d'un inhibiteur de l'apoptose. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse décrit une stratégie basée sur la signalisation Notch et NFkB pour la génération in vitro de progéniteurs de cellules T humaines à partir de cellules souches / progénitrices hématopoïétiques. Cette stratégie fournit un modèle efficace pour l'étude fondamentale des régulateurs essentiels au cours du développement précoce des cellules T humaines. En outre, il fournit un modèle sûr pour fournir rapidement et abondamment des progéniteurs de cellules T humaines pour des applications cliniquesThymus seeding progenitors migrate into the thymus and initiate T cell differentiation program. The regulation of T cell development is tightly associated with the thymus microenvironment. However, due to the limited model, the mechanism of human T cell development has not been deeply clarified. Thus, we developed an in vitro stroma-free system to support human early T cell development from both neonate and adult human hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells based on Notch ligand DL-4. These T cell progenitors generated in DL-4 system exhibit similar characters as human immature T thymocytes. Moreover, they were proved to have T cell reconstruct potential when transplanted to NOD/SCID/gamma(c)- / - mice, which could differentiate into mature T cell with highly diverse TCR repertoire. Furthermore, we optimized the system by involving TNFa cytokine, which could dramatically enhance the in vitro generation of T-cell progenitors through ameliorating cell survival and proliferation of T-cell precursors, as well as fastening early T lineage differentiation. We demonstrate the regulation of TNFa on T cell progenitors is mainly based on the activation of NFkB signaling, as well as its regulation on inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Overall, this thesis describes a strategy for in vitro generation of human T-cell progenitors from hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells based on Notch signaling. This strategy provides an effective model for fundamental study to explore essential regulators during human early T cell development. Moreover, it provides a safe model to rapidly supply abundant human T-cell progenitors for clinical applications
Books on the topic "Enhanced steam generation"
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Castaldini, Carlo. Environmental assessment of an enhanced oil recovery steam generator equipped with a low-NOx burner. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.
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Shimshon-Santo, Amy, and Genevieve Kaplan. Et Al.: New Voices in Arts Management. Illinois Open Publishing Network, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/pww.15.
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Et Al. imagines kaleidoscopic possibilities for the stewardship of culture and land as decolonizing practices. Culture and the arts can enhance society by strengthening our connections to each other and to the earth. This arts management book was born during a racial reckoning and accelerated by a global pandemic. What exactly is the business of no-business-as-usual? The ethical challenge for arts management is far more complex than asking how to get things done; we must also ask who gets to do things, where, and with what resources? Our task is to generate cultures that refuse to annihilate themselves or each other, much less the planet. Et Al. contributes to the conversation about arts and cultural management by providing rare, behind-the-scenes insights on justice-centered arts management praxis — ideas tied to action. The book makes space for people to publicly reflect, write, and share insights about their own ideas and ways of working. Its polyphonic voices speak to pragmatic strategies for arts management across cultures, genres, and spaces. Its stories are told from the perspective of individuals and families, micro businesses, artist collectives, and civic institutions. As a digital publication, the platform lends itself to multi-media knowledge objects; the experiences documented within it include ethnographies, qualitative social research, personal and communal manifestos, dialogues between peers, visual essays, videos, and audio tracks. This open source, multimedia book is structured into six streams which are numbered for their exponential powers: Stream¹ : Center is Everywhere; Stream² : Gathering Community; Stream³ : Honoring Histories; Stream⁴ : Shifting Research; Stream⁵ : Forging Paths; Stream⁶ : Generative Practice. The book discusses imaginative ways of generating cultural equity in praxis, and is an invitation for further imagination, conversation, and connection. Et Al. presents an interactive landscape for readers, thinkers, and creators to engage with multimedia and intergenerational essays by Amy Shimshon-Santo, Genevieve Kaplan, Gerlie Collado, Abraham Ferrer, Julie House, Britt Campbell, Delia Xóchitl Chávez, Sean Cheng, Yvonne Farrow, Allen Kwabena Frimpong, Kayla Jackson, Erika Karina Jiménez Flores, Cobi Krieger, Loreto Lopez, Cynthia Martínez Benavides, Christy McCarthy, Janice Ngan, Cailin Nolte, Michaela Paulette Shirley, Robin Sukhadia, Katrina Sullivan, and Tatiana Vahan.
Book chapters on the topic "Enhanced steam generation"
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Ramesh, V. K., V. Chintala, and Suresh Kumar. "Direct Steam Generation by an Enclosed Solar Parabolic Trough for Enhanced Oil Recovery." In Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure, 189–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9971-9_19.
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Hammed, T. B., and M. K. C. Sridhar. "Green Technology Approaches to Solid Waste Management in the Developing Economies." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_174-1.
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AbstractThe severity of extreme weather and climate change impacts around the world has been a public health concern in the last few decades. Apart from greenhouse gas generation, poor waste management exacerbates consequences of global warming such as flooding, lower crop yields, and the epidemic of diseases which can escalate into disastrous situations. The general public in developing economies sees wastes as valueless materials and disposes them through open burning, stream dumping, or as conveniently as possible. Also, the cutting of trees for firewood leads to deforestation and desertification that increase people’s vulnerability to climate change impact. Against this backdrop, there is a need for a paradigm shift toward developing indigenous technologies that convert solid waste to cheap and clean energy. Various innovations use the “green technology approach” in putting trash back into the value chain. Furthermore, the green technology approach has a great potential to enhance adaptation and resilience among climate change-displaced populations where they can set up microenterprise on useful end products. In this chapter, unique features of these technologies at the Renewable Resources Centre of the University of Ibadan, practice-oriented researches, and a case study at Kube-Atenda community Ibadan, Nigeria, are presented. This chapter is therefore set out to showcase examples of waste management initiatives and strategies that have been successfully implemented elsewhere by the authors. It also focuses on how some countries in the continent, with developing economies, may foster their resilience and their capacity to adapt to climate change.
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Hammed, T. B., and M. K. C. Sridhar. "Green Technology Approaches to Solid Waste Management in the Developing Economies." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1293–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_174.
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AbstractThe severity of extreme weather and climate change impacts around the world has been a public health concern in the last few decades. Apart from greenhouse gas generation, poor waste management exacerbates consequences of global warming such as flooding, lower crop yields, and the epidemic of diseases which can escalate into disastrous situations. The general public in developing economies sees wastes as valueless materials and disposes them through open burning, stream dumping, or as conveniently as possible. Also, the cutting of trees for firewood leads to deforestation and desertification that increase people’s vulnerability to climate change impact. Against this backdrop, there is a need for a paradigm shift toward developing indigenous technologies that convert solid waste to cheap and clean energy. Various innovations use the “green technology approach” in putting trash back into the value chain. Furthermore, the green technology approach has a great potential to enhance adaptation and resilience among climate change-displaced populations where they can set up microenterprise on useful end products. In this chapter, unique features of these technologies at the Renewable Resources Centre of the University of Ibadan, practice-oriented researches, and a case study at Kube-Atenda community Ibadan, Nigeria, are presented. This chapter is therefore set out to showcase examples of waste management initiatives and strategies that have been successfully implemented elsewhere by the authors. It also focuses on how some countries in the continent, with developing economies, may foster their resilience and their capacity to adapt to climate change.
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Sholahuddin, Sholahuddin, Yoshitoshi Nakamura, and Chikako Asada. "Steam Explosion Pretreatment: Biomass Waste Utilization for Methane Production." In Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102850.
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Lignocellulosic biomass as a second-generation biofuel resource such as waste from agricultural, forester industry, and unutilized wood and non-wood biomass was widely reported to use it as feedstock for methane production. As the carbon-neutral resources, biomass waste conversion for biofuel is in line with the SDGs 7 and 15 goal that can meet the needs and qualify to the standard of sustainable consumption and production pattern, and increasing the renewable energy. The wood and non-wood unutilized biomass and biomass waste are commonly faced with the recalcitrant character of the lignocellulose complex (LCC) which impacted the digestion process of the methane fermentation. Steam explosion pretreatment was enhanced the methane production by breaking the LCC into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin-derived product generated from the pretreatment process. Those steam-exploded products were reported effective in the conversion process into methane. The combination of steam explosion pretreatment which is an environmentally friendly pretreatment, and the use of carbon-neutral resources will provide the green biofuel which helps decrease the greenhouse gasses from the biomass waste dumping process and convert it into sustainable biofuel i.e. methane. This chapter will describe the steam explosion system development on the utilization of biomass for methane production, and the action of methane production enhancement.
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Abu-El-Rub, Ejlal, Hana M. Zegallai, Basma Milad Aloud, Saravanan Sekaran, and Donald W. Miller. "Magnetic Nanoparticles for Imaging, Diagnosis, and Drug-Delivery Applications." In Bionanotechnology: Next-Generation Therapeutic Tools, 98–129. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051278122010007.
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Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained interest within the research community due to their therapeutic potential in a variety of medical applications. MNPs are generally composed of a metallic core stabilized by the addition of an outer shell that can be further functionalized through the absorbance or conjugation of various targeting ligands. The magnetic properties of these nanoparticles can be utilized for imaging, localized drug delivery, and enhanced diagnostic detection. This chapter highlights the applications of MNPs to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capabilities and improve the delivery of therapeutic agents to difficult-to-reach areas in the body. In addition, recent advances in the use of MNPs in stem cell therapy for both the tracking and monitoring of stem cell distribution in the body and improving engraftment and differentiation in stem cell therapy are discussed. Finally, examples of the incorporation of MNPs in diagnostic assays to improve rapid and realtime detection capabilities of many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and pathogen infections, are provided.
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Seitsinger, Anne Marie, Jay Fogleman, Kathy Peno, and Cornelis de Groot. "Addressing Beginning STEM Teachers' Needs to Teach in High-Need School Districts." In Next Generation Digital Tools and Applications for Teaching and Learning Enhancement, 221–34. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1770-3.ch012.
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Highly qualified teachers with strong STEM backgrounds are needed to teach children, particularly in high-need school districts. One university's teacher preparation program used a constructivist approach to build candidates' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge to enhance their preparation to teach in classrooms where they are expected to utilize instructional technology effectively. Teacher preparation programs prepare candidates to a certain degree, however, beginning teachers continue to need support. This chapter reports on how prepared these new STEM teachers were to teach and the challenges they faced in high-need school districts. This chapter also discusses the instructional technology provided to these teachers from a federal grant to address some of these challenges. The chapter concludes that beginning STEM teachers benefit from induction supports that 1) provide university-based mentoring, 2) allow them to continue to use strategies and technologies they had access to during their teacher preparation program, and 3) continue to develop themselves as professionals.
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Chandrawanshi, Nagendra Kumar, and Shekhar Verma. "Recent Research and Development in Stem Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment." In Handbook of Research on Advancements in Cancer Therapeutics, 514–33. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6530-8.ch018.
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Cancer is the most prevalent and dangerous disease, and it leads to millions of deaths worldwide. Generally, metastatic cancer cells are not eradication by conventional surgical operative or chemotherapy-based treatment. New pathways have been established in various arenas such as unique biology, modulators regulatory mechanism, directional migration, self-renewal, etc. The individual pathways can be employed as therapeutic carriers, specific drug targeting, generation of acquiring nature immune cells, and regenerative medicine. The present scenario, stem cell therapy, focused on a promising tool for targeted cancer treatment. Stem cells also utilized as viruses and nanoparticles carry to enhance the primary therapeutic application in various dimensions such as cancer target therapy, regenerative medicine, immune-modulating therapy, and anticancer drugs screening. Furthermore, the rapid development in next-generation sequencing techniques and cancer genomics and proteomics analysis approaches are making therapeutics targeting organ-specific cancer more precise and efficient.
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Harris, Robert, and Bauke M. de Jong. "Conscious and non-conscious perception and action in musical performance." In Music and Consciousness 2, 200–214. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804352.003.0012.
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The dual-stream model of perception and action maintains the existence of two separate, but interacting, higher-order auditory systems tailored to conscious perception and non-conscious sensorimotor control. During performance, implicit knowledge of musical syntax embodied within the motor system may thus be accessed non-consciously via the dorsal stream, facilitating audiomotor transformation and making it possible to play ‘by ear’ and to improvise. In an fMRI study contrasting improvising with score-dependent musicians, significantly larger activation of the right dorsal frontoparietal network was interpreted as evidence of enhanced audiomotor transformation in improvising musicians. This notion was supported by a subsequent behavioural study confirming their superior ability to replicate and transpose aurally presented music at the keyboard. It is proposed that enhanced audiomotor transformation may be associated with the generation of a more accurate forward model in improvising musicians as a consequence of the non-conscious learning processes in which they engage. The failure of current educational methods to foster implicit, non-conscious knowledge of music in performance may be traced to the conceptual partition of explicit knowledge and the biological and physical environments in which it operates.
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Tam, June Poh Kim, and Yudi Fernando. "Ecological Performance as a New Metric to Measure Green Supply Chain Practices." In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Business Operations and Management, 1003–14. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7362-3.ch075.
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This chapter discusses the concept of ecological performance. Sustainable development has become a focus of governments, companies, communities, and even individuals. Manufacturing companies need a performance measurement that can balance between profit and environment. The concept of reduction of resource use and waste generation is not limited to the manufacturing processes of a focal company, but it can be embraced into product design that benefits the end users as well as stakeholders. Companies can build competitive advantages by integrating ecological performance into business value stream mapping. Reduction of resources and energy use can help companies to be cost effective and thus able to survive a market price war. Companies can enhance product quality through eco-design and sustainable manufacturing to preempt competitors. Companies can build green images to gain customer loyalty. Waste reduction can help companies to save capacity and be more flexible in shipment delivery and support customer dynamic needs.
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Tam, June Poh Kim, and Yudi Fernando. "Ecological Performance as a New Metric to Measure Green Supply Chain Practices." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 5357–66. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch465.
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This chapter is aim to discuss the concept of ecological performance which extended from environmental performance. Sustainable development has become a concerned focus nowadays by governments, companies, communities, and even individuals. Manufacturing companies need a performance measurement that can balance between profit and environment. The concept of reduction of resource use and waste generation is not limited to manufacturing processes of focal company but it can be embraced into product design that benefiting the end users as well as stakeholders. Company can build competitive advantages by integrating ecological performance into business value stream mapping. Reduction of resources and energy use can help company to be cost effective thus able to survive in market price war. Company can enhance product quality through eco-design and sustainable manufacturing to preempt competitors. Company can build green image to gain customer loyalty. Waste reduction can help company to save capacity thus to be more flexible in shipment delivery and support customer dynamic needs.
Conference papers on the topic "Enhanced steam generation"
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Betzer, Maoz Moose. "Integrated Steam Generation Process and System for Enhanced Oil Recovery." In Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/137633-ms.
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Sharma, Neeraj, Gerardo Diaz, and Edbertho Leal-Quiros. "Experimental Study of Enhanced Steam Generation Through Electrolysis in Glow Discharge Mode." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88672.
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Electric discharges through liquids initiate various chemical and physical processes which can be utilized in efficient treatment of waste water and generation of steam. In the present paper, generation of heat in an electrolytic cell operating in glow discharge mode has been studied. It is observed that glow discharge mode constitutes an efficient process for steam generation. The electric current between the electrodes reduces dramatically in the glow discharge mode and the voltage between the electrodes increases to open circuit voltage. The decrease in current can be explained by decrease in overall electrical conductivity of the system with the formation of a vapor film around the cathode. This vapor film is partially ionized because of the presence of locally high electric field near the cathode. It is this ionization process that results in a visible glow around the cathode and an increased rate of volumetric heat generation.
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Castrogiovanni, Anthony, Albert Nicholas Fitzpatrick, and Charles Harvey Ware. "Benefits and Technical Challenges of Downhole Steam Generation for Enhanced Oil Recovery." In Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149500-ms.
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Kay, Brian. "Direct Contact Steam Generation Reduces Carbon Intensity." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209350-ms.
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Abstract Steam for enhanced oil recovery is typically generated using Once-Through-Steam-Generators (OTSG) produced at large central facilities with the steam then pipelined to each injection well. As much as 50% of the energy can be lost before it reaches the well bore with the combustion emissions vented to atmosphere. Direct Contact Steam Generation (DCSG) injects both steam and hot combustion flue gases into the reservoir. Oil production is increased by reducing oil viscosity through heat while repressuring the reservoir with flue gases and improving miscibility with the CO2 that remains in the reservoir. This combination greatly improves the Steam-Oil-Ratio (SOR) for increased oil recovery as well as delivering environmental benefits related to reduced water requirements and lower emissions resulting in a much lower carbon intensity. DCSG water requirements are 11% less than OTSG methods as water is created by the combustion process, this water is then injected into the reservoir rather than lost to the atmosphere. As most of the DCSG process emissions are indirect, emissions can be further reduced by as much as 30% with the use of low carbon intensity grid electricity for compression. Pilot results show that DCSG used less water, with 70% of the CO2 retained in the formation. Lower SOR and CO2 retained in the reservoir demonstrates lower carbon intensity relative to OTSG. DCSG offers heavy oil operators a novel, viable, method to economically extract currently uncoverable reservoirs at a lower carbon intensity than traditional methods.
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Kay, Brian, Thomas Hartley, Stella Zhang, and Lisa Doig. "Direct Contact Steam Generation Reduces Carbon Intensity." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209287-ms.
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Abstract Steam for enhanced oil recovery is typically generated using Once-Through-Steam-Generators (OTSG) produced at large central facilities with the steam then pipelined to each injection well. As much as 50% of the energy can be lost before it reaches the well bore with the combustion emissions vented to atmosphere. Direct Contact Steam Generation (DCSG) injects both steam and hot combustion flue gases into the reservoir. Oil production is increased by reducing oil viscosity through heat while repressuring the reservoir with flue gases and improving miscibility with the CO2 that remains in the reservoir. This combination greatly improves the Steam-Oil-Ratio (SOR) for increased oil recovery as well as delivering environmental benefits related to reduced water requirements and lower emissions resulting in a much lower carbon intensity. DCSG water requirements are 11% less than OTSG methods as water is created by the combustion process, this water is then injected into the reservoir rather than lost to the atmosphere. As most of the DCSG process emissions are indirect, emissions can be further reduced by as much as 30% with the use of low carbon intensity grid electricity for compression. Pilot results show that DCSG used less water, with 70% of the CO2 retained in the formation. Lower SOR and CO2 retained in the reservoir demonstrates lower carbon intensity relative to OTSG. DCSG offers heavy oil operators a novel, viable, method to economically extract currently uncoverable reservoirs at a lower carbon intensity than traditional methods.
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Al Siyabi, Idris, Aiman Al Shukaili, Mustafa Al Ajmi, Rahima Mujaini, Moosa Al Amri, Ali Al Ghufaili, Marwa Al Harrasi, and Bader Al Ma'Mari. "Opportunities and Challenges of Steam Generation Using Renewable Energy for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications: Concepts Overview." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22370-ms.
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Abstract Steam generation for the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) using steam injection is considered as one of critical production process in heavy oil industry. It requires a massive amount of thermal energy to generate one ton of steam. The conventional steam generation processes use natural gas as fuel where high amount of emissions is released to ambient. The recent cost reductions of the energy generated by the renewable energy attracts organizations to adopt it. Different technologies such as PV, CSP, electric heaters and thermal energy storage can be integrated to generate steam using the renewable resources of solar and wind. The study explores the different potential of adopting such technologies and the challenges associated with them where the mismatch between the supply and the demand of energy is the main challenge and could be mitigated through storage solutions and the consideration of hybrid system with the conventional steam generation.
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Gharbia, Yousef, Mohamed Fayed, and Mohammed Anany. "Steam Generation for EHOR Using PTC System Modeled in SAM." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10332.
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Abstract Kuwait’s oil reserves include approximately 13 bn barrels of heavy oil, primarily located in the northern region of the country. The Lower Fars (LF) heavy oil development project aims to extract heavy oil from the Ratqa oil field. The US$7 bn project is being developed in phases, with the first phase expected to start in 2019 with a production rate of 60,000 Barrel of Oil Per Day (BOPD). This amount is planned to ramp up to 270,000 BOPD by 2030. The steam required for the Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery (EHOR) process can be either generated by using conventional fuels or renewable energy resources, such as solar energy. The amount of steam required to recover a certain quantity of heavy oil depends on the value of Steam to Oil Ratio (SOR). The aim of this work was to determine the specifications of a parabolic trough collector field required to produce steam with the right properties to recover 270,000 BOPD from Lower Fars reservoir. The Industrial Process Heat (IPH) model of the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was used for this purpose. The capital cost and the running cost of the project, as well as the Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH), were also determined. The simulation was implemented on EuroTrough ET150 trough collectors and Schott PTR 70 receiving tubes. Different plant designs with different types of heat transfer fluids (HTF) including Therminol VP-1, Therminol 59, Therminol 66, Dowtherm Q, Dowtherm RP, and Caloria HT43 have been investigated.
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Cinotti, L., M. Bruzzone, N. Meda, G. Corsini, C. V. Lombardi, M. Ricotti, and L. E. Conway. "Steam Generator of the International Reactor Innovative and Secure." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22570.
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IRIS (International Reactor Innovative and Secure) is a light water cooled, 335 MWe power reactor which is being designed by an international consortium as part of the US DOE NERI Program. IRIS features an integral reactor vessel that contains all the main reactor coolant system components including the reactor core, the coolant pumps, the steam generators and the pressurizer. This integral design approach eliminates the large coolant loop piping, and thus eliminates large loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) as well as the individual component pressure vessels and supports. In addition, IRIS is being designed with a long-life core and enhanced safety to address the requirements defined by the US DOE for Generation IV reactors. The design of the steam generators, which are internally contained within the reactor vessel, is a major design effort in the development of the integral IRIS concept. The ongoing design activity about the steam generator is the subject of this paper.
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Petrov, Miroslav P., Andrew R. Martin, and Laszlo Hunyadi. "Hybrid Dual-Fuel Combined Cycles: General Performance Analysis." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26043.
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The hybrid dual-fuel combined cycle concept is a promising technology for increasing the energy utilization of low-grade (solid) fuels. Advantages such as enhanced electrical efficiency, favorable economics, and relative ease of construction and operation have been pointed out by various authors in previous studies. The present investigation aims to assess the performance of natural gas and coal- or biomass-fired hybrid combined cycles, with a gas turbine as topping cycle and a steam boiler as bottoming cycle. A parametric analysis considers the impact of the natural gas/solid fuel energy ratio on the electrical efficiency of various hybrid system configurations. Results show that significant performance improvements (in the order of several percentage points in electrical efficiency) can be achieved by these hybrid configurations when compared to the reference (two independent, single-fuel power plants at the given scales). In large-scale power plants with coal-fired bottoming cycle, efficiencies continuously rise as the share of natural gas fuel is increased up to the cycle integration limits, while an optimum can be seen for the small-scale biomass-fired bottoming cycles (with modest steam parameters) at a certain share of natural gas fuel input.
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Noack, Volker. "Increase of Steam Moisture in the BWR-Facility KKP 1." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22266.
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Main steam moisture in a BWR facility is determined by steam quality at core outlet and efficiency of steam separators and steam dryers. Transport of water with steam is accompanied by transport of radionuclides out of RPV resulting in enhanced radiation level in the main steam system. A remarkable increase of main steam moisture started at KKP 1 in 1997. In the following years increase of steam outlet moisture started at lower and lower core mass flow rates. Dose rate in main steam system increased simultaneously. Core mass flow rate and thus thermal power had to be reduced during stretch out operation to keep the main steam moisture below the specified boundary of 0.2%. This boundary also guarantees, that radiological exposure remains far below approved values. The increase of main steam moisture corresponds with the application of low leakage core loading. Low leakage core loading results in enhanced steam generation in the center and in reduced steam generation in the outer zones of the core. It can be shown, that the uneven steam generation in the core became stronger over the years. Therefore, steam quality at inlet of the outer steam separators was getting lower. This resulted in higher carry over of water in this steam separators and steam dryers, thus explaining the increasing main steam moisture. KKP 1 started in 2000 with spectral shift operation. As one should expect, this resulted in reduced steam moisture. It remains the question of steam moisture in case of stretch out operation. Countermeasures are briefly discussed.
Reports on the topic "Enhanced steam generation"
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Granot, David, Scott Holaday, and Randy D. Allen. Enhancing Cotton Fiber Elongation and Cellulose Synthesis by Manipulating Fructokinase Activity. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7613878.bard.
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a. Objectives (a) Identification and characterization of the cotton fiber FRKs; (b) Generating transgenic cotton plants overproducing either substrate inhibited tomato FRK or tomato FRK without substrate inhibition; (c) Generating transgenic cotton plants with RNAi suppression of fiber expressed FRKs; (d) Generating Arabidopsis plants that over express FRK1, FRK2, or both genes, as additional means to assess the contribution of FRK to cellulose synthesis and biomass production. b. Background to the topic: Cellulose synthesis and fiber elongation are dependent on sugar metabolism. Previous results suggested that FRKs (fructokinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate fructose) are major players in sugar metabolism and cellulose synthesis. We therefore hypothesized that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber elongation and cellulose synthesis in cotton plants. Accordinlgy, the objectives of this research were: c. Major conclusions and achievements: Two cotton FRKs expressed in fibers, GhFRK2 and GhFRK3, were cloned and characterized. We found that GhFRK2 enzyme is located in the cytosol and GhFRK3 is located within plastids. Both enzymes enable growth on fructose (but not on glucose) of hexose kinase deficient yeast strain, confirming the fructokinase activity of the cloned genes. RNAi constructs with each gene were prepared and sent to the US collaborator to generate cotton plants with RNAi suppression of these genes. To examine the effect of FRKs using Arabidopsis plants we generated transgenic plants expressing either LeFRK1 or LeFRK2 at high level. No visible phenotype has been observed. Yet, plants expressing both genes simultaneously are being created and will be tested. To test our hypothesis that increasing fructose phosphorylation may enhance fiber cellulose synthesis, we generated twenty independent transgenic cotton plant lines overexpressing Lycopersicon (Le) FRK1. Transgene expression was high in leaves and moderate in developing fiber, but enhanced FRK activity in fibers was inconsistent between experiments. Some lines exhibited a 9-11% enhancement of fiber length or strength, but only one line tested had consistent improvement in fiber strength that correlated with elevated FRK activity in the fibers. However, in one experiment, seed cotton mass was improved in all transgenic lines and correlated with enhanced FRK activity in fibers. When greenhouse plants were subjected to severe drought during flowering and boll development, no genotypic differences in fiber quality were noted. Seed cotton mass was improved for two transgenic lines but did not correlate with fiber FRK activity. We conclude that LeFRK1 over-expression in fibers has only a small effect on fiber quality, and any positive effects depend on optimum conditions. The improvement in productivity for greenhouse plants may have been due to better structural development of the water-conducting tissue (xylem) of the stem, since stem diameters were larger for some lines and the activity of FRK in the outer xylem greater than observed for wild-type plants. We are testing this idea and developing other transgenic cotton plants to understand the roles of FRK in fiber and xylem development. We see the potential to develop a cotton plant with improved stem strength and productivity under drought for windy, semi-arid regions where cotton is grown. d. Implications, scientific and agricultural: FRKs are probably bottle neck enzymes for biomass and wood synthesis and their increased expression has the potential to enhance wood and biomass production, not only in cotton plants but also in other feed and energy renewable plants.
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O’Brien, Thomas, and Deanna Matsumoto. Mapping E-Commerce Locally and Beyond: CITT K12 Special Investigation Project. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2067.
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As all aspects of the American workplace become automated or digitally enhanced to some degree, K12 educators have an increasing responsibility to help their students acquire the technical skills necessary to organize and interpret information. Increasingly, this is done through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), especially in careers related to transportation and logistics. The Center for International Trade & Transportation (CITT) at CSU Long Beach has developed this K12 Special Investigation Project to introduce ArcGIS StoryMaps, an engaging, accessible and sophisticated web-based GIS application. The lessons center on e-commerce and its accompanying environmental and economic impact. Still, the activities can be easily adapted to projects in any subject area, such as humanities, science, math, or language arts. This teacher blueprint includes a teacher training guide with ten detailed lesson plans and activities. With the guidance of a National Board-Certified Teacher in Early Adolescence Math as lead instructor, the curriculum is designed to align with Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Also, exploration of STEM and GIS-related careers are incorporated into the lesson plans.