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Background: Rice is typically understood to enhance methane emissions from paddy fields. However, rice actually has two separate functions related to methane: i) emission enhancement, such as by providing emission pathways (aerenchyma) and methanogenetic substrates; and ii) emission suppression by providing oxygen pathways, which suppress methanogenesis or enhance methane oxidation. The overall role of rice is thus determined by the balance between its enhancing and suppressing functions. Although existing studies have suggested that rice enhances total methane emissions, we aimed to demonstrate that the balance between rice’s emitting and suppressing functions changes according to overall methane emission levels, which have quite a large range (16–500 kg methane ha−1 crop−1). Methods: Using PVC chambers, we compared methane emissions emitted by rice paddy fields with and without rice plants in rice fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Results: We found high overall methane emission levels and our results indicated that rice in fact suppressed methane emissions under these conditions. Emission reductions increased with the growth of rice, up to 60% of emission rate at the maximum tillering stage, then decreased to 20% after the heading stage, and finally recovering back to 60%. Discussion: It is known that methane is emitted by ebullition when the emission level is high, and methane emission reductions in rice-planted fields are thought to be due to oxidation and methanogenesis suppression. However, although many studies have found that the contribution of soil organic matter to methanogenesis is small, our results suggested that methanogenesis depended mainly on soil organic matter accumulated from past crops. The higher the methane emission level, the lower the contribution of rice-providing substrate. Conclusion: As a result, during the growing season, rice enhanced methane emissions in low-emission paddy fields but suppressed methane emissions in high-emission paddy fields.
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SHAO, BO, ZHENGWEN YANG, JUN LI, JIAYAN LIAO, SHENFENG LAI, JIANBEI QIU, ZHIGUO SONG, YONG YANG, and DACHENG ZHOU. "PHOTONIC CRYSTAL SURFACE ENHANCED UPCONVERSION EMISSION OF YF3:Yb3+, Er3+ NANOPARTICLES." Surface Review and Letters 22, no. 01 (February 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15500109.
The opal photonic crystals made of polystyrene microspheres with 155, 230, 270 or 410 nm in diameter were used to enhance upconversion (UC) emission of YF 3: Yb 3+, Er 3+ nanoparticles, respectively. The red or green UC emission of YF 3: Yb 3+, Er 3+ nanoparticles can be selectively enhanced when the red or green UC emission wavelength overlapped with the photonic bandgaps of opals, which is attributed to Bragg reflection of photonic bandgap. In addition, when the 980 nm excitation light wavelength was in the region of the photonic bandgap, red and green UC emissions of YF 3: Yb 3+, Er 3+ nanoparticles were enhanced due to the enhancement of excitation field.
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Tu, Linyu, Siyu Ding, Shefeng Li, Haitao Zhang, and Wei Feng. "Investigation of the Combustion Properties of Ethylene in Porous Materials Using Numerical Simulations." Energies 17, no. 9 (April 30, 2024): 2153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092153.
As industrial modernization advances rapidly, the need for energy becomes increasingly urgent. This paper aims to enhance the current burner design by optimizing the combustion calorific value, minimizing pollutant emissions, and validating the accuracy of the burner model using experimental data from previous studies. The enhanced porous medium burner model is used to investigate the burner’s combustion and pollutant emission characteristics at various flow rates, equivalence ratios, combustion orifice sizes, and porosity of porous media. In comparison with the previous model, the combustion traits during ethylene combustion and the emission properties of pollutants under various operational circumstances have been enhanced with the enhanced porous medium burner model. The maximum temperature of ethylene combustion in the enhanced model is 174 k higher than that before the improvement, and the CO emissions are reduced by 31.9%. It is believed that the findings will serve as a guide for the practical implementation of porous media combustion devices.
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Griffis, Timothy J., Zichong Chen, John M. Baker, Jeffrey D. Wood, Dylan B. Millet, Xuhui Lee, Rodney T. Venterea, and Peter A. Turner. "Nitrous oxide emissions are enhanced in a warmer and wetter world." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (October 16, 2017): 12081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704552114.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) has a global warming potential that is 300 times that of carbon dioxide on a 100-y timescale, and is of major importance for stratospheric ozone depletion. The climate sensitivity of N2O emissions is poorly known, which makes it difficult to project how changing fertilizer use and climate will impact radiative forcing and the ozone layer. Analysis of 6 y of hourly N2O mixing ratios from a very tall tower within the US Corn Belt—one of the most intensive agricultural regions of the world—combined with inverse modeling, shows large interannual variability in N2O emissions (316 Gg N2O-N⋅y−1to 585 Gg N2O-N⋅y−1). This implies that the regional emission factor is highly sensitive to climate. In the warmest year and spring (2012) of the observational period, the emission factor was 7.5%, nearly double that of previous reports. Indirect emissions associated with runoff and leaching dominated the interannual variability of total emissions. Under current trends in climate and anthropogenic N use, we project a strong positive feedback to warmer and wetter conditions and unabated growth of regional N2O emissions that will exceed 600 Gg N2O-N⋅y−1, on average, by 2050. This increasing emission trend in the US Corn Belt may represent a harbinger of intensifying N2O emissions from other agricultural regions. Such feedbacks will pose a major challenge to the Paris Agreement, which requires large N2O emission mitigation efforts to achieve its goals.
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Vequizo, Junie Jhon M., Sunao Kamimura, Teruhisa Ohno, and Akira Yamakata. "Oxygen induced enhancement of NIR emission in brookite TiO2 powders: comparison with rutile and anatase TiO2 powders." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 5 (2018): 3241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06975h.
Luo, Haiyan, Junlin Pan, Yan Han, Zheng Li, and Zhuo Cai. "A Cooperation Model for EPC Energy Conservation Projects Considering Carbon Emission Rights: A Case from China." Energies 17, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133071.
This paper introduces an innovative cooperative model for energy efficiency retrofitting that incorporates carbon emission rights, addressing critical financial constraints in Energy Performance Contracting (EPC). By employing the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) to evaluate risk assessment indicators and stakeholder contributions and utilizing the enhanced Shapley method for equitable benefit distribution, the model demonstrates significant improvements in financing and efficiency for energy conservation projects. The findings are as follows: (1) the energy efficiency retrofit model, which integrates carbon emission rights, effectively alleviates the financial constraints and fosters energy conservation and emission reduction in guaranteed-savings EPC projects; (2) the enhanced Shapley method is deemed appropriate for the equitable distribution of energy-saving benefits among stakeholders; (3) when compared with the traditional model and the benefit allocation-absent carbon rights, the energy-saving benefits of the energy efficiency retrofit model incorporating carbon emission rights are higher in individual and overall terms. The findings of this study offer a viable solution to financing challenges faced by stakeholders in such projects and delineate a pragmatic approach for enterprises to enhance energy efficiency and reduce emissions.
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Schnobrich, Popham Haik, and James A. Mennell. "Enhanced Monitoring Requirements for Air Emission Sources in the United States." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 4, Issue 4 (April 1, 1995): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1995026.
The regulation of emissions to the air is currently at the top of the agenda for US environmental lawyers. In addition to emission limits, air emission sources will be subject to extensive monitoring requirements. This short article reviews the proposals of the U S Environmental Protection Agency for an Enhanced Monitoring Program, affecting industries operating in the US.
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Xu, Hongbo, Lingxiao Liu, Fei Teng, and Nan Lu. "Emission Enhancement of Fluorescent Molecules by Antireflective Arrays." Research 2019 (November 27, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/3495841.
Traditional fluorescence enhancement based on a match of the maximum excitation or emission of fluorescence molecule with the spectra of the nanostructure can hardly enhance blue and red fluorescent molecules. Here, an enhanced method which is a new strategy based on the antireflective array has been developed to enhance the emission of blue and red fluorescent molecules. The fluorescence emission is enhanced by increasing the absorption at excitation wavelengths of the fluorescent molecules and reducing the fluorescent energy dissipation with an antireflective array. By introducing the antireflective arrays, the emission enhancement of blue and red fluorescent molecules is, respectively, up to 14 and 18 fold. It is a universal and effective strategy for enhancing fluorescence emission, which could be applied to enhance the intensity of organic LED and imaging.
The modification of spontaneous emission, i.e. the Purcell effect, with optical cavities has been highly studied over the past 20 years as one of the most important goals for cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). The recent development of using surface plasmon resonances to concentrate optical field into sub-wavelength scale further extended cQED research of into a new regime. However, although metallic reflectors are used in some of the earliest demonstrations of cQED, the use of metals is not preferable in high Q optical cavities due to the lossy nature of metals. The presence of metals near an optical emitter also strongly alters its radiation dynamics. As a result, the development of plasmonic cavities brings not only new opportunities but also new problems and challenges. In this thesis we describe four different plasmonic cavity designs along with optical simulations and measurements on them to demonstrate: large spontaneous emission enhancement, controlled mode tuning, and control of the plasmonic band-gap and resonances of high-Q plasmonic cavities for coupling to specific emitters. We hope that our work can guide and inspire researchers who are moving from traditional cavity designs to novel plasmonic devices, helping them to establish design concepts, fabrication criteria, and baselines for characterizing these devices. Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Day, Christopher M. "Field enhanced thermionic emission from oxide coated carbon nanotubes." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348860.
A cathode structure was demonstrated that utilizes aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the thermionic electron emission by increasing the field enhancement of the cathode surface. Aligned CNTs were grown on the surface of a tungsten substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The tungsten-CNT structure was further coated with a thin film of low work function emissive materials by magnetron sputtering. Numerous cathodes with varying CNT morphology and oxide layer thickness were created. The field and thermionic emission of the cathodes were tested in order to study the effects of the surface properties on the emission characteristics. It was observed that the introduction of CNTs into an oxide cathode structure improves both the thermionic and field emission, even in cathodes with relatively low field enhancement factors. Because of the high field enhancement factors that are available for CNTs, there remains a potential for dramatically improved electron emission. Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Graham, Luke Alan. "Observation of enhanced spontaneous emission in dielectrically apertured microcavities /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Wang, Tong. "Enhanced Field Emission Studies on Nioboim Surfaces Relevant to High Field Superconducting Radio-Frequency Devices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29284.
Enhanced field emission (EFE) presents the main impediment to higher acceleration gradients in superconducting niobium (Nb) radiofrequency cavities for particle accelerators. The strength, number and sources of EFE sites strongly depend on surface preparation and handling.
The main objective of this thesis project is to systematically investigate the sources of EFE from Nb, to evaluate the best available surface preparation techniques with respect to resulting field emission, and to establish an optimized process to minimize or eliminate EFE.
To achieve these goals, a scanning field emission microscope (SFEM) was designed and built as an extension to an existing commercial scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the SFEM chamber of ultra high vacuum, a sample is moved laterally in a raster pattern under a high voltage anode tip for EFE detection and localization. The sample is then transferred under vacuum to the SEM chamber equipped with an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer for individual emitting site characterization. Compared to other systems built for similar purposes, this apparatus has low cost and maintenance, high operational flexibility, considerably bigger scan area, as well as reliable performance.
EFE sources from planar Nb have been studied after various surface preparation, including chemical etching and electropolishing, combined with ultrasonic or high-pressure water rinse. Emitters have been identified, analyzed and the preparation process has been examined and improved based on EFE results. As a result, field-emission-free or near field-emission-free surfaces at ~140 MV/m have been consistently achieved with the above techniques. Characterization on the remaining emitters leads to the conclusion that no evidence of intrinsic emitters, i.e., no fundamental electric field limit induced by EFE, has been observed up to ~140 MV/m. Chemically etched and electropolished Nb are compared and no significant difference is observed up to ~140 MV/m.
To address concerns on the effect of natural air drying process on EFE, a comparative study was conducted on Nb and the results showed insignificant difference under the experimental conditions.
Nb thin films deposited on Cu present a possible alternative to bulk Nb in superconducting cavities. The EFE performance of a preliminary energetically deposited Nb thin film sample are presented. Ph. D.
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Dimaria, Jeffrey V. "Plasmonic control of light emission for enhanced efficiency and beam shaping." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10981.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University InGaN alloys and related quantum structures are of great technological importance for the development of visible light emitting devices, motivated by a wide range of applications, particularly solid-state lighting. The InxGa1-xN material system provides continuous emission tuning from the ultraviolet across the visible spectrum by changing the In content. InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QW) also provide an efficient medium for electroluminescence for use as light emitting diodes. It is well known, however, that increasing the In content degrades the internal quantum efficiency of these devices, particularly in the green region of the spectrum. These limitations must be overcome before efficient all-solid-state lighting can be developed beyond the blue-green region using this material system.
Recently, the application of plasmonic excitations supported by metallic nanostructures has emerged as a promising approach to address this issue. In this work, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures that support plasmonic modes are engineered to increase the local density of states of the electromagnetic field that overlaps the QW region. This leads to an enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of the QW region mediated by direct coupling into the plasmonic modes of the nanostructure. Energy stored in these modes can then scatter efficiently into free-space radiation, thereby enhancing the light output intensity.
The first section of this thesis concerns the enhancement of InGaN/GaN QW light emission by utilizing localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) and lattice surface modes of metal NP arrays. This work comprises a detailed study of the effect of geometry variations of Ag NPs on the LSPR wavelength, and the subsequent demonstration of photoluminescence intensity enhancement by Ag NPs in the vicinity of InGaN multiple QWs. The second section of this thesis concerns the far-field control of QW emission utilizing metallic nanostructures that support plasmonic excitations. This includes a study of the dispersion and competing effects of a metallic NP-film system, and the demonstration of beam collimation and unidirectional diffraction utilizing a similar geometry. These results may find novel applications in the emerging field of solid-state smart lighting.
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Unitt, David Christopher. "Enhanced single photon emission from a quantum dot in a semiconductor microcavity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613784.
Bagge-Hansen, Michael. "Enhanced Field Emission from Vertically Oriented Graphene by Thin Solid Film Coatings." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623349.
Recent progress and a coordinated national research program have brought considerable effort to bear on the synthesis and application of carbon nanostructures for field emission. at the College of William and Mary, we have developed field emission arrays of vertically oriented graphene (carbon nanosheets, CNS) that have demonstrated promising cathode performance, delivering emission current densities up to 2 mA/mm2 and cathode lifetime >800 hours. The work function (&phis;) of CNS and other carbonaceous cathode materials has been reported to be &phis;∼4.5-5.1 eV. The application of low work function thin films can achieve several orders of magnitude enhancement of field emission.;Initially, the intrinsic CNS field emission was studied. The mean height of the CNS was observed to decrease as a function of operating time at a rate of ∼0.05 nm/h (I 1∼40 muA/mm2). The erosion mechanism was studied using a unique UHV diode design which allowed line-of-site assessment from the field emission region in the diode to the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The erosion of CNS was found to occur by impingement of hyperthermal H and O neutrals and ions generated at the surface oxide complex of the Cu anode by electron stimulated desorption. Techniques for minimizing this erosion are presented.;The Mo2C (&phis;∼3.7 eV) beading on CNS at previously reported carbide formation temperatures of ∼800??C was circumvented by physical vapor deposition of Mo and vacuum annealing at ∼300??C which resulted in a conformal Mo2C coating and stable field emission of 1∼50 muA/mm2. For a given applied field, the emission current was >102 greater than uncoated CNS.;ThO2 thin film coatings were presumed to be even more promising because of a reported work function of &phis; ∼2.6 eV. The fundamental behavior of the initial oxidation of polycrystalline Th was studied in UHV (p<1x10-11 Torr), followed by studies of thin film coatings on Ir and thermionic emission characteristics. Although a work function of 3.3 eV was determined by a RichardDushman plot, activation of the thin film was not achieved at T<1700??C. Rather, the deposited ThO2 film decomposed, surface diffused and aggregated into stable ThO2(111) crystallites.;Thin film ThO2 coatings deposited on CNS initially demonstrated excellent field emission (up to ∼2 muA/mm2) and apparently activated spontaneously without significant thermal energy. Fowler-Nordheim plots suggested a work function of &phis; ∼2.6 eV. Undesired beading and ThO2 surface diffusion away from active emission sites resulted in rapidly deteriorating performance at higher field emission currents. Techniques that should provide a more stable ThO2/CNS conformal coating are presented.;The impact of thin films of Mo2C and ThO2on the magnitude of field emission from carbon nanosheets (CNS) was substantial. For a given field emission current density, J ∼2 muA/mm 2, the necessary applied field for uncoated CNS was ∼12 V/mum, but only ∼8 V/mum when coated with Mo2C (&phis;∼3.7 eV) and ∼5 V/mum when coated with ThO2 (&phis;∼2,6 eV). The mechanism for enhanced emission and the stability of the coatings are discussed, with special focus on the activation of ThO2 thin films. The major limitation observed in these studies has been the difference in surface energy of the graphene and the coatings which resulted in a tendency for the films to bead and separate from active emission sites at elevated currents. Suggested techniques to prevent this unwanted surface diffusion are presented.
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Gill, Simaranjit Singh. "Controlling diesel NO_x & PM emissions using fuel components and enhanced aftertreatment techniques : developing the next generation emission control system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3643/.
The following research thesis focuses on methods of controlling nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) emissions emitted from a low temperature diesel exhaust. This involves studying the influence of hydrogen (H₂) on various aftertreatment devices such as hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) over silver-alumina (Ag-Al₂O₃) catalysts for lean NO_x reduction, platinum diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) production and passive regeneration methods for the diesel particulate filter (DPF). H₂ was implemented on-board either through diesel exhaust gas fuel reforming or via the simulation of ammonia (NH₃) dissociation. Both methods showed to be very effective in enhancing the activity of a silver HC-SCR catalyst for the reduction of NO_x with conversions reaching 90% with the aid of an upstream DPF. A combined DOC and catalysed DPF (cDPF) configuration proved promising for passive regeneration in the presence of reformed exhaust gas recirculation (REGR). The addition of H₂ over the DOC led to an improved catalyst light-off temperature and increased rate of oxidation for NO₂ production. Implementing filtered EGR (FEGR) removes the hydrocarbon (HC) and soot recirculation penalty, thus minimising particulate growth which results in a significantly reduced engine-out soot emission during exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and hence, an improved NO_x/soot ratio. Introducing fuel components which enhance the cetane number and oxygenate the diesel fuel allow better control of the NO_x/soot trade-off with improved soot oxidation properties.
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Nur, Salahuddin. "Towards enhanced radiative emission for optical read-out of donor spins in silicon." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10055928/.
Silicon has several features that make it an attractive platform for implementing quantum information processing (QIP). The unique combination of a mature fabrication technology, extraordinarily long coherence times and high control fidelities of donor spins in isotopically purified silicon have made them good candidates for realising spin based quantum bits. Increased spin-photon coupling has the potential to add additional benefits including efficient optical readout of individual donor spins and even a route to generating entanglement. Efficient optical detection of the donor spin state could provide the missing piece of puzzle to realise long-range qubit couplings and construct quantum networks, however, achieving this in silicon is challenging due to its indirect bandgap. Photonic structures such as solid immersion lenses (SILs), circular Bragg resonators (CBRs), photonic crystal (PhC) cavities etc. can enhance radiative emission and/or its collection up to several orders of magnitude, potentially allowing it to compete with non-radiative processes such as Auger recombination. In this thesis, we report our first steps towards fabricating and characterizing such photonic structures, designed to enhance radiative emission and optical collection from 31P donor bound excitons (D0Xs) in silicon. We have fabricated silicon SILs using a neon focussed ion beam milling system. A bilayer resist based fabrication recipe has also been optimised using relatively inexpensive process materials, which efficiently produces CBRs and PhC cavities with desired optical properties on undoped silicon-on-insulator wafers. The optical properties of the fabricated devices are investigated using cavity reflection measurements. We have measured an absorption limited cavity quality factor (Q) of ∼ 5,000 around 31P D0X emission wavelengths (∼ 1078 nm) for silicon PhC cavities at room temperature. Silicon PhC cavities with such a quality factor (∼ 5,000) and enhanced collection can permit for optically accessing spins at a single or at least few donors level.
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Liu, Quan. "Enhanced Emission of a Single Quantum Emitter Coupled to a Microcavity and a Nanocavity." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0029.
Le développement de techniques basées sur une seule molécule au cours des dernières décennies a permis de sélectionner, de suivre et de mesurer directement une molécule individuelle. Dans cette thèse, la dynamique structurelle d'un seul émetteur quantique, servi par l'hypéricine, est caractérisée. En utilisant la microscopie à balayage confocale combinée à des modes laser polarisés radialement / azimutalement, une réorientation tridimensionnelle du moment dipolaire de transition d'une seule molécule est observée. Pour quantifier les propriétés temporelles de la tautomérie, la fonction d'autocorrélation des photons est utilisée pour extraire les fluctuations d'intensité. Les résultats montrent l'influence distincte de l'environnement local, comme la matrice PVA et l'effet de deutération. L'environnement photonique local d'une molécule est modifié par la microcavité / nanocavité. Un changement significatif du taux d'émission radiatif et des spectres de fluorescence est discuté. Il nous permet de mesurer le rendement quantique absolu en utilisant une microcavité accordable. Les résultats montrent la possibilité de contrôler la tautomérisation en modifiant l'environnement photonique. Par la suite, la dissociation moléculaire est discutée par des spectres Raman améliorés en surface à molécule unique bénéficiant de l'amélioration en champ proche de la nanocavité. Une stratégie d'optimisation expérimentale rapide vers une amélioration optimale de la fluorescence est décrite The development of single molecule-based techniques in the last decades has enabled directly selecting, tracking, and measuring an individual molecule. In this thesis, the structural dynamics of a single quantum emitter, served by hypericin, is characterized. By using confocal scanning microscopy combined with radially/azimuthally polarized laser modes, three-dimensional reorientation of the transition dipole moment of a single molecule is observed. To quantify the temporal properties of the tautomerism, photon autocorrelation function is used to extract the intensity fluctuations. The results show the distinct influence of the local environment, such as PVA matrix and deuteration effect. The local photonic environment of a molecule is modified by the microcavity/nanocavity. A significant change of the radiative emission rate and of the fluorescence spectra is discussed. It allows us to measure the absolute quantum yield by using a tunable microcavity. The results show the possibility of controlling tautomerization by changing the photonic environment. Subsequently, molecular dissociation is discussed by single molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectra profiting from near field enhancement of nanocavity. A fast experimental optimization strategy towards optimal fluorescence enhancement is outlined
Dharmawan, I. Wayan Susi. Enhanced approaches to estimate net emission reductions from deforestation and degradation of undrained peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bogor, West Java, Indonesia: Center for Climate Change and Policy Research and Development, Forestry Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia in cooperation with International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), 2013.
Leung, Emi. Mechanistic Investigation of Novel Niobium-Based Materials as Enhanced Oxygen Storage Components and Innovative CO Oxidation Catalyst Support for Environmental Emission Control Systems. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2016.
California. Bureau of State Audits. The Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: Improved practices in applicant selection, contracting, and marketing could lead to more cost-effective emission reductions and enhanced operations. Sacramento, CA: California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2007.
California. Bureau of State Audits. The Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: Improved practices in applicant selection, contracting, and marketing could lead to more cost-effective emission reductions and enhanced operations. Sacramento, CA: California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2007.
California. Bureau of State Audits. The Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: Improved practices in applicant selection, contracting, and marketing could lead to more cost-effective emission reductions and enhanced operations. Sacramento, CA: California State Auditor, Bureau of State Audits, 2007.
Ohio EPA. Division of Air Pollution Control, ed. Enhanced emissions testing: Information for automobile dealers. Columbus: [Ohio EPA, Division of Air Pollution Control], 1996.
Protection, Massachusetts Dept of Environmental. MA31 conversion factor analysis and interim test effectiveness evaluation: Massachusetts Enhanced Emissions and Safety Test. [Boston, Mass.]: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Dept. of Environmental Protection, 2003.
Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. A tuned car has that air of quality: Vehicle emissions testing in Illinois : enhanced inspection and maintenance. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
Handler, Alan B. Report to Governor Christine Todd Whitman on implementation of the enhanced motor vehicle emissions inspection and maintenance program. [Trenton, N.J: The Panel?, 2000.
Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. A new era of clean air is dawning--: The Illinois Vehicle Emissions Test Program : enhanced inspection and maintenance. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1997.
Hong, Jin-Long. "Enhanced Emission by Restriction of Molecular Rotation." In Aggregation-Induced Emission: Fundamentals, 285–305. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118735183.ch13.
Wu, Wenbo, Udayagiri Vishnu Saran, and Bin Liu. "Nanocrystals with Crystallization-Induced or Enhanced Emission." In Principles and Applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission, 291–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99037-8_11.
Bernstein, E. M., M. W. Clark, J. A. Tanis, W. G. Graham, T. J. Morgan, M. P. Stöckli, K. H. Berkner, A. S. Schlachter, and J. W. Stearns. "Enhanced radiative Auger emission from lithiumlike 20Ca17+." In Atomic Physics of Highly Charged Ions, 231–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76658-9_61.
McLaughlin, R., A. Corchia, M. B. Johnston, C. M. Ciesla, D. D. Arnone, G. A. C. Jones, E. H. Linfield, A. G. Davies, and M. Pepper. "Magnetic field enhanced terahertz emission from semiconductor surfaces." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 178–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59484-7_77.
Massa, Enrico, T. Roshuk, S. Maier, D. Kovalev, I. Crowe, M. Halsal, and R. Gwillian. "Enhanced Light Emission from Si Nanocrystals Coupled to Plasmonics Structures." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 425–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5313-6_44.
Yurganov, Leonid, Frank Muller-Karger, and Ira Leifer. "Enhanced Methane Emission from Arctic Seas in Winter: Satellite Data." In New Prospects in Environmental Geosciences and Hydrogeosciences, 41–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72543-3_10.
Kako, S., T. Someya, and Y. Arakawa. "Observation of enhanced spontaneous emission coupling factor in blue InGaN microcavities." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 663–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59484-7_312.
Johansson, Peter, R. Monreal, and Peter Apell. "Calculation of Resonantly Enhanced Light Emission from a Scanning Tunneling Microscope." In Near Field Optics, 341–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1978-8_39.
Conference papers on the topic "Enhanced emission":
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Ramakrishnan, Gopakumar, and Paul C. M. Planken. "Percolation-enhanced terahertz emission." In 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6104937.
Datta, Animesh. "Quantum-enhanced stimulated emission microscopy." In Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence V; Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Micro- and Nanosystems in Security and Defence III, edited by Maria Farsari, John G. Rarity, Francois Kajzar, Attila Szep, Richard C. Hollins, Gerald S. Buller, Robert A. Lamb, et al. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2574668.
Hwang, T. Y., A. Y. Vorobyev, and Chunlei Guo. "Surface plasmon enhanced photoelectron emission." In SPIE LASE, edited by Jan J. Dubowski, David B. Geohegan, and Frank Träger. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.845826.
Campillo, A. J., J. D. Eversole, and H. B. Lin. "Cavity-enhanced emission in microdroplets." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fgg4.
Micrometer-sized transparent droplets act as natural high-Q cavities to visible light, and this paper shows them to exhibit strongly enhanced dye emission owing to cavity quantum-electrodynamic effects. A vibrating-orifice aerosol generator1 was used to produce a linear stream of virtually identical (less than 2 parts in 105 diameter variation) falling droplets 14 μm diameter, 10-5 M solution of Rhodamine 6G in ethanol; the droplets were excited by a cw argon-ion laser. Droplet emission was examined with a double 1 m Spex spectrograph and a photomultiplier. Recent development of elastic-scattering-size spectroscopy1,2 allowed identification of the various cavity modes contributing to the emission. This was necessary because of the different Q values and spatial properties of the resonant modes. Q values were calculated from Lorenz-Mie theory and were found to be consistent with observed fluorescence linewidths for the experimentally resolvable fourth-order modes. It was experimentally determined that Q's of only 103 were sufficient to observe sizable enhancements in the A coefficient. Lasing was observed to occur at reduced thresholds, e.g., 400 W/cm2 for fourth order modes having Q's of 2 × 103. This corresponds to a cavity induced enhancement in the B coefficient of 103.
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Reid, M., I. V. Cravetchi, R. Fedosejevs, I. M. Tiginyanu, L. Sirbu, and Robert W. Boyd. "Enhanced Terahertz emission from porous InP." In Optical Terahertz Science and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otst.2005.wa4.
Krishnamurthy, M., Sudipta Mondal, Amit D. Lad, Kartik Bane, Saima Ahmed, V. Narayanan, R. Rajeev, et al. "Enhanced x-ray emission from bacteria." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2012.t3c.1.
Sellars, Matthew J., Kate Ferguson, and Sarah E. Beavan. "Cavity enhanced rephased amplified spontaneous emission." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Zameer U. Hasan, Philip R. Hemmer, Hwang Lee, and Charles M. Santori. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2008356.
Li, Shuo, Shin-ichiro Sato, David A. Simpson, Takeshi Ohshima, Andrew D. Greentree, and Brant C. Gibson. "Nanopillar structures for enhanced dipole emission." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2022.sm4c.4.
Nanoscale pillars are important for tailoring optical emission from nanoscale emitters. Here we consider nano pillar geometries designed to enhance photon extraction efficiency from quantum photons sources such as lanthanoid-doped gallium nitride and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond.
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Maeng, Inhee, Gyu-Seok Lee, Chul Kang, Gun-Wu Ju, Kwangwook Park, Seoung-Bum Son, Yong-Tak Lee, and Chul-Sik Kee. "Enhanced Terahertz Emission of GaAs Microstructures." In 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2018.8509970.
Elhalawany, A., W. E. Hayenga, S. He, S. Alhasan, C. Lantigua, N. J. J. Johnson, A. Almutairi, and M. Khajavikhan. "Enhanced ultraviolet upconversion emission using nanocavities." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2014.fth4c.3.
Ben-Zvi I., X. Chang, P. D. Johnson, J. Kewisch, and T. S. Rao. Secondary Emission Enhanced Photoinjector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061741.
Piestrup, Melvin A., Harold E. Puthoff, and Paul J. Ebert. Enhanced correlated-Charge Field Emission. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337858.
Ala Qubbaj. SIMULATION MODELING OF AN ENHANCED LOW-EMISSION SWIRL-CASCADE BURNER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838121.
Ala Qubbaj. SIMULATION MODELING OF AN ENHANCED LOW-EMISSION SWIRL-CASCADE BURNER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822877.
Ala Qubbaj. SIMULATION MODELING OF AN ENHANCED LOW-EMISSION SWIRL-CASCADE BURNER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822878.
Y. Raitses, A. Smirnov and N. J. Fisch. Effects of Enhanced Eathode Electron Emission on Hall Thruster Operation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/953211.
Ala Qubbaj. Simulation Modeling of an Enhanced Low-Emission Swirl-Cascade Burner. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875407.
McGrath, Panek, and McCarthy. L52356 Nomenclature for Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010015.
A compilation of harmonized terminology and standardized nomenclature for natural gas transmission and storage (T and S) equipment and operations associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources and emission estimates. Criteria for natural gas industry (per segments in 40 CFR 98) for GHG inventories are also addressed. This living document is intended to be a detailed reference for practitioners and managers developing GHG inventories. The document's primary purpose is to support T and S facilities GHG emissions reporting for 40 CFR 98 Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting�; however, information is also provided to support the development of GHG emission inventories for other purposes. Standardized nomenclature used in the estimation and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and provide a single living document to be used as a reference to enhance consistency within the natural gas industry. This document may also serve to form a more accurate basis for consistent reporting of emission sources through an enhanced common understanding of industry and regulatory terminology, synonyms and sector boundaries. Consistent terminology will promote higher fidelity emission inventories and focus subsequent EPA control strategies and requirements.
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Iafrate, G. J. Enhanced Spontaneous Emission of Bloch Oscillation Radiation from a Single Energy Band. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455492.
Navaratnam, Navaneethan, and Daniel Zitomer. Anaerobic Co-digestion for Enhanced Renewable Energy and Green House Gas Emission Reduction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1346734.
