Academic literature on the topic 'Enhanced cognitive health'
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Journal articles on the topic "Enhanced cognitive health"
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Mercer, Calvin. "Mental and Spiritual Health Needs of Cognitively Enhanced People: A Therapeutic and Spiritual Care Model for Responding." Religions 13, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13080701.
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Cognitively enhanced people will have mental and possibly spiritual health needs that merit therapeutic and spiritual care response. This article addresses people who, although significantly enhanced, overlap with ordinary or “normal” (i.e., non-enhanced) people such that their status as humans is not questioned. Effective therapeutic and spiritual care approaches for these cognitively enhanced individuals will have a strong cognitive component. Cognitive therapy, originated by Aaron Beck, is an example of a therapeutic model that could prove useful with people cognitively enhanced. Four relevant elements of the cognitive therapy modality are explored: a developed cognitive structure, little consideration to unconscious factors, minimum attention to family of origin, and collaboration. Two psychological challenges with religious dimensions and import, which could be faced by individuals as a consequence of their cognitive enhancements, are concerns about physicality and fitting into community with ordinary humans and other enhanced humans.
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Ward, Simon E., Mark H. Harries, Laura Aldegheri, Andrea M. Bradford, Elisa Ballini, Lee Dawson, Laurent Lacroix, et al. "Pharmacological characterisation of MDI-222, a novel AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator with an improved safety profile." Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119872198.
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Purpose: There is considerable interest in positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors as therapeutic agents for a range of cognitive and mood disorders. However, the challenge is to increase AMPA receptor (AMPAR) function sufficient to enhance cognitive function but not to the extent that there are mechanism-related pro-convulsant or convulsant side effects. In this present study, we report the preclinical pharmacology data for MDI-222, an AMPAR PAM which enhances cognition but has a much reduced side-effect (i.e. convulsant) liability relative to other molecules of this mechanism. Methods: The pharmacological effects of MDI-222 were characterised in in vitro and in vivo preclinical electrophysiology, efficacy (cognition), side-effect (pro-convulsant/convulsant), tolerability and toxicity assays. Results: We demonstrate that MDI-222 is an AMPAR PAM, since it enhanced AMPAR function in vitro at human (hGluA1-4) and rat (rGluA2) homomeric receptors, and potentiated hetero-oligomeric AMPARs in rat neurons. MDI-222 enhanced electrically evoked AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the anaesthetised rat at 10 mg/kg (administered intravenously) and did not significantly lower the seizure threshold in the pro-convulsant maximal electroshock threshold test (MEST) at any dose tested up to a maximum of 30 mg/kg (administered by oral gavage (p.o.)). MDI-222 reversed a delay-induced deficit in novel object recognition (NOR) in rats with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 mg/kg (p.o.) following acute administration, which was reduced to 0.1 mg/kg following sub-chronic administration, and improved passive avoidance performance in scopolamine-impaired rats with a MED of 10 mg/kg p.o. On the other hand, MDI-222 was not pro-convulsant in the MEST, resulting in a therapeutic window between plasma concentrations that enhanced cognitive performance and those associated with mechanism-related side effects of ⩾1000-fold. Unfortunately, despite the excellent preclinical profile of this compound, further development had to be halted due to non-mechanism-related issues. Conclusions: We conclude that MDI-222 is an AMPAR PAM which enhances cognitive performance in rats and has a significantly improved safety profile in preclinical species.
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Grennan, Gillian, Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani, Fahad Alim, Mariam Zafar-Khan, Ellen E. Lee, Dilip V. Jeste, and Jyoti Mishra. "Cognitive and Neural Correlates of Loneliness and Wisdom during Emotional Bias." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 7 (March 5, 2021): 3311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab012.
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Abstract Loneliness and wisdom have opposing impacts on health and well-being, yet their neuro-cognitive bases have never been simultaneously investigated. In this study of 147 healthy human subjects sampled across the adult lifespan, we simultaneously studied the cognitive and neural correlates of loneliness and wisdom in the context of an emotion bias task. Aligned with the social threat framework of loneliness, we found that loneliness was associated with reduced speed of processing when angry emotional stimuli were presented to bias cognition. In contrast, we found that wisdom was associated with greater speed of processing when happy emotions biased cognition. Source models of electroencephalographic data showed that loneliness was specifically associated with enhanced angry stimulus-driven theta activity in the left transverse temporal region of interest, which is located in the area of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), while wisdom was specifically related to increased TPJ theta activity during happy stimulus processing. Additionally, enhanced attentiveness to threatening stimuli for lonelier individuals was observed as greater beta activity in left superior parietal cortex, while wisdom significantly related to enhanced happy stimulus-evoked alpha activity in the left insula. Our results demonstrate emotion-context driven modulations in cognitive neural circuits by loneliness versus wisdom.
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Perneczky, R., P. Alexopoulos, S. Wagenpfeil, H. Bickel, and A. Kurz. "Head circumference, apolipoprotein E genotype and cognition in the Bavarian School Sisters Study." European Psychiatry 27, no. 3 (April 2012): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.008.
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AbstractBackgroundThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is correlated with an earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease symptoms; larger head circumference has been associated with an individual resilience against cognitive impairment.MethodsWe explored if larger head circumference attenuates the effect of the APOE ɛ4 allele on cognition in 380 Catholic sisters covering the spectrum from normal cognitive performance to severe dementia.ResultsLinear regression analysis, adjusting for risk factors for cognitive decline, revealed that APOE ɛ4 was correlated with worse cognition and that larger head circumference attenuated the negative effect of the ɛ4 allele on cognitive performance.ConclusionLarger head circumference (i.e. larger brain size) seems to be associated with greater resilience against genetic determinants of cognitive impairment, possibly due to enhanced brain or cognitive reserve.
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Harvey, N. S. "Serial Cognitive Profiles in Levodopa-induced Hypersexuality." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 6 (December 1988): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.6.833.
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A patient with recent-onset Parkinson's disease was tested for mood, physical disability, and cognition, before treatment and then during and after a period of levodopa-induced hypersexuality. The effects of different anti-Parkinsonian drugs on cognition and behaviour are described. The unique cognitive data from this case support the hypothesis that hypersexuality is a manifestation of enhanced libido and not frontal disinhibition.
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Postman, Whitney Anne, Maureen Fischer, Kellie Dalton, Kailin Leisure, Samantha Thompson, Laura Sankey, and Hailey Watkins. "Coupling Hearing Health With Community-Based Group Therapy for Cognitive Health in Low-Income African American Elders." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 7, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-21-00110.
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Purpose: To address disparities in the domains of hearing health and cognitive health experienced by African American elders in early stages of cognitive-communicative decline, a cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) group was established. The group intervention was coupled with comprehensive audiology services. This clinical focus article describes the features of the program, its implementation, and outcomes from its first cohort of participants. Method: CST is an evidence-based group intervention for elderly individuals living with mild-to-moderate dementia. The program was designed to (a) adapt and then apply CST to a target group of low-income African American elders and (b) integrate audiology services and education about hearing health and hearing loss in the context of CST therapy. In partnership with two community health centers in North St. Louis, a CST group was established for 12 elderly African American clients with cognitive-communicative impairments as measured by standardized assessments. During weekly group sessions, culturally informed activities and discussions were conducted with input from staff and participants to stimulate social interaction and cognition. Health topics relevant to age-related sensory and cognitive decline were introduced, with emphasis on management of common chronic diseases such as diabetes that are known to be associated with increased risk of hearing loss. Free hearing health services were provided, including screenings and, as needed, full audiological evaluations, cerumen management, otolaryngology referrals, hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation. Results: Participants' self-administered ratings and self-generated comments indicated meaningful increases in actionable knowledge about both hearing and cognitive health that led to enhanced utilization of available health services. They also suggested that audiology services were paramount to their enthusiastic adherence to the combined CST–audiology program. Conclusion: Interlinking of interventions for hearing and cognition reduced common barriers to care for this target group of low-income African American elders with cognitive-communicative impairments.
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Saenz, Joseph, and Amina Khan. "EDUCATION AND COGNITIVE ABILITY: EXPLORING DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2954.
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Abstract Education positively relates with cognition, which may be explained by enhanced cognitive reserve. However, education may also impact cognition indirectly by improving health, health behaviors, and life-course socioeconomic status (SES). This analysis explores the associations between education and cognition in the US and Mexico and quantifies the extent to which associations are direct versus indirect through health and SES. We use data from two studies: the MexCog in Mexico (n=2,042) and US Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP, n=3,267). Cognitive domains included Memory, Executive Function, Language, Visuospatial, and Orientation. Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) methods were used in linear regression models to quantify how much of the associations between years of education and cognitive domains were direct versus indirect through chronic conditions, income, wealth, smoking, and exercise. In regression models, years of education related positively with all cognitive domains in both studies, even when controlling for health and SES. KHB mediation analyses suggested that most of the education-cognition association was direct. In MexCog, estimates of the percent of the education-cognition association that was indirect through health and SES ranged from 4.17% (Memory) to 5.15% (Executive Function). In HCAP, indirect effects ranged from 8.95% (Orientation) to 12.15% (Language). Education was associated with better cognitive abilities in the US and Mexico regardless of cognitive domain or adjustment for late-life health and SES. Results suggested that education primarily related with cognition directly and that effects of education on cognitive abilities are not eliminated by reducing educational disparities in the late-life health and SES factors we analyzed.
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Daansen, Peter, and Martie de Jong. "Voldoet Fairburns Enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy voor eetstoornissen?" Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie 35, no. 4 (August 2009): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03080504.
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Yang, Lei, and Zhenbo Wang. "Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function in Middle-and Old-Aged Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103451.
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A range of previous studies have suggested that early-life conditions (ELCs) are associated with various health problems throughout life in Western societies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and how, early-life conditions predicted the level and trajectory of cognitive function in middle- and old-aged Chinese adults. Data were obtained from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which comprised 16,258 adults at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed using mental intactness and episodic memory and ELCs were measured by early parental death, childhood socioeconomic status (SES), food deprivation, and childhood health. Growth curve modeling was used to examine the trajectory of cognitive function (three waves in a 6-year period)with particular attention paid to the effects of ELCs on cognition. The results show that early maternal death is associated with the baseline cognitive level among middle- and old-aged Chinese adults (β range between −0.44 and −0.35, p < 0.05), but that this association is also largely attenuated by adulthood education. Higher childhood SES predicts an enhanced level of baseline cognition in both age groups (β range between 0.08 and 1.27, p < 0.001), but only protects against cognitive decline at baseline in middle-aged adults. Participants who were less healthy during childhood tended to have lower cognitive performance than those who had enjoyed good health (β range between −0.36 and −0.14, p < 0.05). The results of this study highlight the detrimental impact of deleterious ELCs on cognitive function throughout later life.
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Arnason, Gardar. "The Moral Status of Cognitively Enhanced Monkeys and Other Novel Beings." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180120001048.
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AbstractThe discussion about the moral status of novel beings tends to focus on artificial intelligence, robots, and other man-made systems. We should, however, also consider a likelier kind of novel beings: animals that are genetically modified to develop human-like cognitive capabilities. This paper focuses on the possibility of conferring human characteristics on nonhuman primates (NHPs) in the context of neuroscientific research. It first discusses the use of NHPs for neuroscientific research and then, second, describes recent developments that promise to revolutionize the field and how that may lead to NHPs attaining human-like cognitive capabilities. Third, an account of moral status is developed to ground the central claim, that making the NHP brain more human-like is unproblematic as long as the NHPs do not become persons. In conclusion, this paper discusses the implications for the moral status of cognitively enhanced NHPs, as well as the implications for other novel beings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enhanced cognitive health"
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Bossaer, John B., Jeffrey A. Gray, Stacy E. Miller, Gavin Enck, Vamsi C. Gaddipati, and Robert E. Enck. "Use and Misuse of Cognitive Enhancers by Students at an Academic Health Science Center." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2320.
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Purpose: Prescription stimulant use as "cognitive enhancers" has been described among undergraduate college students. However, the use of prescription stimulants among future health care professionals is not well characterized. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse among students at an academic health sciences center.
Method: Electronic surveys were e-mailed to 621 medical, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy students at East Tennessee State University for four consecutive weeks in fall 2011. Completing the survey was voluntary and anonymous. Surveys asked about reasons for, frequency of, and side effects of nonprescription misuse of prescription stimulants. Given the sensitive material, an opportunity to win one of ten $50 gift cards was used as an incentive.
Results: Three hundred seventy-two (59.9%) students completed the survey from three disciplines (47.6% medical, 70.5% pharmacy, and 57.6% respiratory therapy). Overall, 11.3% of responders admitted to misusing prescription stimulants. There was more misuse by respiratory therapy students, although this was not statistically significant (10.9% medicine, 9.7% pharmacy, 26.3% respiratory therapy; P = .087). Reasons for prescription stimulant misuse included to enhance alertness/energy (65.9%), to improve academic performance (56.7%), to experiment (18.2%), and to use recreationally/get high (4.5%).
Conclusions: Prescription stimulant misuse was prevalent among participating students, but further research is needed to describe prevalence among future health care workers more generally. The implications and consequences of such misuse require further study across professions with emphasis on investigating issues of academic dishonesty (e.g., "cognitive enhancement"), educational quality, and patient safety or health care quality.
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Wang, Alan. "Cognitive Effects of Music: Working Memory Is Enhanced in Healthy Older Adults After Listening to Music." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/281781.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Music is ubiquitous in all media, and, in the last decade, has become a potential tool for enhancing cognition. This study aimed to investigate the facilitating effect of music on working memory performance in a healthy older adult cohort. Sixty-three healthy, community-dwelling older adults who had previously undergone comprehensive neuropsychological testing were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomized into one of two groups, and were presented with a series of positive and negative musical clips. Following listening, working memory performance was tested using Wechsler Digit Span and a computerized Spatial Span task. For each task, a total score consisting of number of correct forward and backward sequences was calculated. A significant improvement in Digit Span scores was found after listening to music as compared to Digit Span scores collected ~5 years ago. Contrary to our hypothesis, this facilitative effect of music on working memory held for both positive and negative musical stimuli. It has been shown that negative music can illicit the same pleasurable feelings as positive music, and, given West’s frontal lobe hypothesis, can therefore produce the same effects on working memory as positive music.
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Bossaer, John B. "The Elephant in the Room: Use and Misuse of Cognitive Enhancers by Students at an Academic Health Sciences Center." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2335.
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Strandberg, Keijser Alina. "Konsumtion av kosttillskott bland träningsaktiva : En kvantitativ undersökning om köns- och åldersskillnader och samband med träningsform." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28392.
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Att konsumera kosttillskott ökar i dagens samhälle. Exempel på kosttillskott är energigivande tillskott, prestationshöjande tillskott samt vitaminer och mineraler. En sammanställning av enkätundersökningar i Sverige visar att 61 % av männen och 41 % av kvinnorna konsumerar kosttillskott. Träningsverksamma upplever att produkterna är välgörande och ger positiva effekter på träningen, trots att riskerna med konsumtion av kosttillskott är omdebatterat och ett delvis obeforskat område. Bland träningsverksamma inom styrketräning förekommer även konsumtion av dopningspreparat. Dopning innebär att påverka eller förändra prestationer med olika substanser. Det finns olika slags dopningspreparat och anabola androgena steroider (AAS) är vanligast. Prevalensen av AAS har ökat under 2000-talet. I uppsatsen redovisas omfattningen av konsumtion av kosttillskott och dopningspreparat i Västmanlands län. Köns- och åldersskillnader samt samband mellan konsumtion och träningsform redovisas. Analyser har genomförts på enkätdata från Västmanlands Idrottsförbund, utifrån deras arbete med anti-dopning i Västmanland. Resultaten visar att det är vanligast att män i 17 – 30 års ålder konsumerar kosttillskott. Sannolikheten för att ha en hög konsumtion av kosttillskott ökar vid styrketräning. Socialkognitiv teori används föra att tolka den sociala aspekten på konsumtionen och ger en djupare förståelse för hur beteendet att konsumera kosttillskott och/eller dopningspreparat kan uppstå hos en individ.Consuming dietary supplements is common in today's society. Examples of dietary supplements is energizing supplements, performance enhancing supplements and vitamins and minerals. A compilation of surveys in Sweden show that 61% of men and 41% of women consume dietary supplements. Athletes are experiencing that the products are beneficial and provides positive effects on the performance, even though there is a lack of knowledge about all the risks of consuming dietary supplement and a field partly un-researched. Consumption of doping substances also occur among athletes. Doping means to affect or change the performance with various substances. There are different types of doping substances, where anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are the most common. The prevalence of AAS has increased during the 2000s. The prevalence of the consumption of dietary supplements and doping in Västmanlands län are presented in the present study. Results revealed differences in gender and age and the relationship between consumption and exercise. Analyses have been performed on data from Västmanland Sports Federation, which through its anti-doping work conducted a survey in Västmanlands län. The results show that it is most common among men between the ages 17 – 30 to consume dietary supplements and to consume a few times a week or more often. The likelihood of consuming dietary supplements increases with strength training. Social cognitive theory is being used to interpret the social aspect of consumption and provides a deeper understanding for how a behavior can be developed in an individual.
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"Museums For Memory: Exploring Design Elements That May Enhance Memory Recall in Aging Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.30015.
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abstract: ABSTRACT
Millions of US aging individuals are at risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (Ad). Ad is progressive; there is no clinical cure to date. Certain drugs treat symptoms yet fog memory. Memory activity is critical to strengthen cognition. The Phoenix Art Museum (PAM) and Banner Alzheimer's Institute (BAI) founded the Arts Engagement Program (AEP), a non-clinical, specialized arts program for adults with (MCI) and their caregiver. The museum environment is thought to enhance communication and raise self-esteem in certain MCI individuals. The interior surroundings may spurn memory enhancement. Scholarship to substantiate this theory is minimal; therefore, further studies are required. Empirical literature regarding design elements researched specific types of memory impairment was employed. The hypotheses that design elements of the museum's infrastructure and design elements from art themes enhance memory, and the results of these findings when applied to other environments enhance memory emerged. An experience-based study was performed. Semi-structured interviews noting design elements of both infrastructure and art were conducted after each of nine AEP sessions with volunteers from 8 dyads, a term used by the PAM as one caregiver and one MCI individual. The presiding docent was later interviewed. Volunteer interviews with dyads and docents was coded and ranked. Overlapping themes that tallied five or higher were considered significant due the low sample size. Results showed that neither group considered infrastructure design elements or art theme design elements a contributor to memory enhancement. The hypotheses proved null. Both groups expressed pleasure in experiencing the PAM’s environment. Keywords: MCI, infrastructure, art themes.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Design 2015
Books on the topic "Enhanced cognitive health"
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Lantzy, Patrick D. EMOTION-FOCUSED ENHANCED COPING TRAINING: A COGNITIVE-EMOTIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSES WHO CARE FOR THE TERMINALLY ILL. 1988.
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Tsai, Po-Heng. Cognitive Enhancers for Alzheimer’s Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0003.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. In the United States, an estimated 5.3 million people had AD dementia in 2015, including 200,000 individuals younger than age 65 years. The number of people who are affected by AD is projected to reach 16 million in 2050. There is a tremendous cost associated with caring for people with AD. In 2015, the direct costs to US society of caring for those with AD totaled an estimated $226 billion, and if no effective disease-modifying treatments become available, this could increase to $1.1 trillion in 2050. In addition to medical costs, in 2014, caregivers of people with AD and other dementias provided an estimated 17.9 billion hours of unpaid assistance, which translates to a value of $217.7 billion. Therefore, cognitive enhancers for AD by improving cognition could address symptoms associated with AD, reduce caregiver burden, and limit health care costs.
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Pachankis, John E., Audrey Harkness, Skyler Jackson, and Steven A. Safren. Transdiagnostic LGBTQ-Affirmative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197643303.001.0001.
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Abstract This book covers the principles and techniques that mental health practitioners can use to affirmatively respond to the distinct stressors that their LGBTQ clients often face. It outlines a clear step-by-step approach that teaches skills for enhancing LGBTQ clients’ mental well-being by undoing the deep impact that early and ongoing LGBTQ-related stress can have on basic psychological processes. It also provides essential tools for helping therapists effectively and affirmatively respond to the unique needs of their LGBTQ clients. The book is accompanied by a workbook that presents cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques that directly respond to the distinct stressors facing LGBTQ individuals. The workbook is designed to enhance mental well-being and covers a broad range of mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, substance use problems, and psychological distress.
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Melikyan, Zara, Heather Romero, and Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer. Cognitive Enhancement at the Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0008.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in aging. Currently, therapeutic interventions are being initiated earlier in the disease course. The rationale of this strategy is to take advantage of the still healthy neuronal systems to optimize function, slow cognitive decline, and facilitate adaptive compensation in deficient brain networks. This chapter provides an overview and critique of the evidence supporting the enhancement of cognitive function at the early symptomatic stage of AD, so-called mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD). It reviews the clinical diagnosis of MCI-AD, underscoring the differences between this condition and healthy brain aging and highlighting the importance of fluid and imaging biomarkers in ensuring reliable diagnosis and providing targets for therapeutic modification. Next, it discusses techniques to enhance cognition in MCI, with an emphasis on nonpharmacological interventional approaches. It concludes with a discussion of future challenges and opportunities in the treatment of MCI-AD.
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Kane, Robert L., and Thomas D. Parsons, eds. The Role of Technology in Clinical Neuropsychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190234737.001.0001.
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Neuropsychology as a field has been slow to embrace and exploit the potential offered by technology to either make the assessment process more efficient or to develop new capabilities that augment the assessment of cognition. The Role of Technology in Clinical Neuropsychology details current efforts to use technology to enhance cognitive assessment with an emphasis on developing expanded capabilities for clinical assessment. The first sections of the book provide an overview of current approaches to computerized assessment along with newer technologies to assess behavior. The next series of chapters explores the use of novel technologies and approaches in cognitive assessment as they relate to developments in telemedicine, mobile health, and remote monitoring including developing smart environments. While still largely office-based, health care is increasingly moving out of the office with an increased emphasis on connecting patients with providers, and providers with other providers, remotely. Chapters also address the use of technology to enhance cognitive rehabilitation by implementing conceptually-based games to teach cognitive strategies and virtual environments to measure outcomes. Next, the chapters explore the use of virtual reality and scenario-based assessment to capture critical aspects of performance not assessed by traditional means and the implementation of neurobiological metrics to enhance patient assessment. Chapters also address the use of imaging to better define cognitive skills and assessment methods along with the integration of cognitive assessment with imaging to define the functioning of brain networks. The final section of the book discusses the ethical and methodological considerations needed for adopting advanced technologies for neuropsychological assessment. Authored by numerous leading figures in the field of neuropsychology, this volume emphasizes the critical role that virtual environments, neuroimaging, and data analytics will play as clinical neuropsychology moves forward in the future.
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Vogel, Mary J. Brain Health Cookbook for Beginners: 200 MIND Diet Recipes to Prevent Disease and Enhance Cognitive Power. Independently Published, 2020.
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WILLIAMS, Betty. Brain Health Cookbook: Surgeon Prescribed Brain Health Recipes to Boost the Brain and Mind, Prevent Diseases and Enhance Cognitive Power. Independently Published, 2021.
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WILLIAMS, Betty. Brain Health Cookbook: Surgeon Prescribed Brain Health Recipes to Boost the Brain and Mind, Prevent Diseases and Enhance Cognitive Power. Independently Published, 2021.
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Harms, John. MIND Diet for Beginners: Affordable, Healthy and Delicious Recipes to Prevent Disease and Enhance Cognitive Power. Independently Published, 2020.
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Cayoun, Bruno A. Mindfulness-Integrated CBT for Well-being and Personal Growth: Four Steps to Enhance Inner Calm, Self-Confidence and Relationships. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Daly, Robin M., Melissa B. Formica, Jamie L. Tait, and Helen Macpherson. "Nutrition and Exercise Approaches to Enhance Muscle, Mobility, and Cognition During Aging." In Nutritional Influences on Bone Health, 77–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98464-3_8.
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Sekar, K. R., M. Sarika, M. Mitchelle Flavia Jerome, V. Venkataraman, and C. Thaventhiran. "An Enhanced Fuzzy TOPSIS in Soft Computing for the Best Selection of Health Insurance." In Cybernetics, Cognition and Machine Learning Applications, 361–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6691-6_40.
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Kim, Hyungsin, Viraj Sapre, and Ellen Yi-Luen Do. "Games for Health: Design Cognition-Focused Interventions to Enhance Mental Activity." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 415–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22095-1_84.
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Wirz-Justice, Anna. "How Daylight Controls the Biological Clock, Organises Sleep, and Enhances Mood and Performance." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 191–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_10.
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AbstractThe human circadian system drives 24-h rhythms in all aspects of biochemistry, physiology and behaviour. This rhythmicity ensures that the right function occurs at the right time, and separates incompatible functions. Rhythmic synchronisation is key to overall health and wellbeing, and light input from the day-night cycle is the primary ‘zeitgeber’ or entraining agent. Coordination of internal clocks promotes positive mood, optimum alertness and performance, and ensures sleep quality essential for learning and memory. Indoor light intensity is rarely sufficient to stabilise daily entrainment, while even an hour outdoors in the morning can significantly enhance cognitive function, academic achievement, and physical condition.
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WU, Vivien Xi. "Health Promotion in the Community Via an Intergenerational Platform: Intergenerational e-Health Literacy Program (I-HeLP)." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 349–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_24.
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AbstractThe increase in life expectancy and emphasis on self-reliance for older adults are global phenomena. As such, living healthily in the community is considered a viable means of promoting successful and active aging. Existing knowledge indicates the prevalence of health illiteracy among the older population and the impact of poor health literacy on health outcomes and health care costs. Nevertheless, e-health literacy is a critical issue for a rapidly aging population in a technology-driven society. Intergenerational studies reported that older adults enjoy engaging with younger people and benefit from the social stimulation by improved social behaviours, intergenerational social network, and participation.An Intergenerational e-health Literacy Program (I-HeLP) is developed to draw upon the IT-savvy strength of the youth, and teach older adults to seek, understand and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply knowledge gained to address the health problem. I-HeLP is an evidence-based program, which provides comprehensive coverage on relevant health-related e-resources. I-HeLP aims to engage youth volunteers to teach older adults regarding e-health literacy, and enhance older adults’ sense of coherence, e-health literacy, physical and mental health, cognitive function, quality of life, and intergenerational communication. I-HeLP promotes social participation, health, and wellbeing of older adults, and empowers the younger generation to play an active role in society. Furthermore, I-HeLP aligns with the ‘Smart Nation’ initiative by the Singapore government to empower citizens to lead meaningful and fulfilled lives with the use of technology.
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Rath, Mamata. "Modern Health Management With Cognitive Computing and Big Data Analytics." In Cognitive Computing in Technology-Enhanced Learning, 206–24. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9031-6.ch010.
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Big data analytics is an refined advancement for fusion of large data sets that include a collection of data elements to expose hidden prototype, undetected associations, showcase business logic, client inclinations, and other helpful business information. Big data analytics involves challenging techniques to mine and extract relevant data that includes the actions of penetrating a database, effectively mining the data, querying and inspecting data committed to enhance the technical execution of various task segments. The capacity to synthesize a lot of data can enable an association to manage impressive data that can influence the business. In this way, the primary goal of big data analytics is to help business relationship to have enhanced comprehension of data and, subsequently, settle on proficient and educated decisions.
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Telakivi, Pii. "The Robotic Home: New Tools or Extended Cognitive Agency?" In Social Robots in Social Institutions. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220679.
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Theories of extended cognition and AI-extenders offer useful theoretical tools for investigating hybrid systems, where cognitive capacities are enhanced or substituted with technological means. In the “extended” view, the integrated technologies are considered as part of their users’ cognition and agency and hence should be given a stronger ethical and legal status. This paper focuses on cognitive technologies such as smart home technologies that can maintain mental health and activities of daily living, and suggests that the extended view offers an advantageous and more ethical way to view them.
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Wittenberg, Elaine, Joy V. Goldsmith, Sandra L. Ragan, and Terri Ann Parnell. "Health Literacy." In Caring for the Family Caregiver, 32–53. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190055233.003.0002.
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Caregivers require the skills needed to support complex medical conditions and utilize opportunities to access, understand, and share reliable health information with care recipients to advocate for successful disease management and decisions. This chapter addresses the unique characteristics of caregiver health literacy and the burden of navigating increasingly complex healthcare systems. The connection and consequence between health literacy and social determinants of health upon caregiving, the implications of caregiver health literacy skills, and the influence of culturally and linguistically appropriate standards on enhanced caregiver health literacy, clear communication, and family-centered care are discussed. Health literacy involves not only caregivers’ and patients’ cognitive and functional skills, but also the collaborative efforts among patients, caregivers, healthcare organizations, healthcare providers, and communities. This collaborative view of health literacy underscores the synergy among healthcare recipients, formal and informal healthcare providers, and resources from healthcare systems to reduce health literacy barriers, ease communication burden, and lessen inequities in health.
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Pournik, Omid, Bilal Ahmad, Sarah N. Lim Choi Keung, Omar Khan, George Despotou, Angelo Consoli, Jaouhar Ayadi, et al. "CAREPATH: Developing Digital Integrated Care Solutions for Multimorbid Patients with Dementia." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220771.
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CAREPATH project is focusing on providing an integrated solution for sustainable care for multimorbid elderly patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. The project has a digitally enhanced integrated patient-centered care approach clinical decision and associated intelligent tools with the aim to increase patients’ independence, quality of life and intrinsic capacity. In this paper, the conceptual aspects of the CAREPATH project, in terms of technical and clinical requirements and considerations, are presented.
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Thorvald, Peter, Åsa Fast Berglund, and David Romero. "The Cognitive Operator 4.0." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210003.
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While previous Industrial Revolutions have increasingly seen the human as a cog in the system, each step reducing the cognitive content of work, Industry 4.0 contrarily views the human as a knowledge worker putting increased focus on cognitive skills and specialised craftsmanship. The opportunities that technological advancement provide are in abundance and to be able to fully take advantage of them, understanding how humans interact with increasingly complex technology is crucial. The Operator 4.0, a framework of eight plausible scenarios attempting to highlight what Industry 4.0 entails for the human worker, takes advantage of extended reality technology; having real-time access to large amounts of data and information; being physically enhanced using powered exoskeletons or through collaboration with automation; and finally real-time monitoring of operator status and health as well as the possibility to collaborate socially with other agents in the Industrial Internet of Things, Services, and People. Some of these will impose larger cognitive challenges than others and this paper presents and discusses parts of the Operator 4.0 projections that will have implications on cognitive work.
Conference papers on the topic "Enhanced cognitive health"
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Gürel, Duygu Benzer, and Özlem Çağındı. "The Effect of Functional Foods on Mood, Cognitive Function and Well-Being." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.023.
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The concept of food as medicine is not new. The use of foods to prevent and/or treat certain diseases can be found in ancient drawings and writings. The most famous statement came from Hippocrates, who said “Let food be thy medicine.” It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to recognize that although all foods provide some level of physiological function, the term, “functional foods” is defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet regularly at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence. The most prominent results indicated that high total intake of fruits and vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups including berries, citrus, and green leafy vegetables, may promote higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy, as well as reduce the level of psychological distress, ambiguity, and cancer fatalism, and protect against depressive symptoms. Flavonoids are a class of organic polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in plant-based whole foods such as berries, tea, cocoa, soybeans, and grains. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. As such, long term chronic supplementation with flavonoids has been investigated extensively, particularly concerning cognitive ageing and related neurodegenerative disorders. Less attention has been given to the acute effect of flavonoids on cognitive outcomes, within the immediate 0–6 h post ingestion. Therefore, the general recommendation to consume at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may be beneficial also for mental health. Immediate cognitive enhancement is often desirable in academic and work environments, such as during an exam or assessment. Besides, support a positive role for the nutrients EPA, DHA, magnesium, alpha-tocopherol, and folic acid, either alone or in combination with drugs, in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being. In this study, the effects of consumption of some functions on mood, cognitive function and mental health were investigated. Scientific findings support the combination of micro and macronutrients in a balanced and varied diet along with a healthy lifestyle for the maintenance of normal brain function, improvement of mental abilities, concentration, memory and alertness. Food components actively participate in the generation of nerve impulses by influencing neurotransmitters that activate different parts of the brain, thereby regulating our mental abilities, emotions and mood.
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Garcia, Jaime A., Natassja Sundara, Georgette Tabor, Valerie C. Gay, and Tuck W. Leong. "Solitaire Fitness: Design of an asynchronous exergame for the elderly to enhance cognitive and physical ability." In 2019 IEEE 7th International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/segah.2019.8882471.
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Marinov, Rusi. "THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COGNITIVE DOMAINS IN EMERGENCIES." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.259.
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This report discusses the role of information domain and cognitive technologies in emergency management in the context of the global pandemic problems, which is also caused by a lack of leader’s capacity, knowledge transfer, lack of major investments in the security and health systems. Global emergency response plans should be based on the “artificial” reality of our planetary condition and used as a starting point for planning. Innovative companies are trying to take advantage of cognitive technologies to automate processes to solve a wide range of problems that require specific knowledge. The main aspects of knowledge are related to the so-called „P” categories (Perceive, Perception, Predict) of our critical environment and data input to such systems coming from sensors and smart elements. The new model for effective reactions in crisis refers to cognitive technologies, which, if available use an aesthetic language, generate unstructured texts, process information, used sensors for data in real-time, reading signals, access to “smart objects” and other algorithmic approaches for searching of solutions in extreme situations. The cognitive technologies used during contingency planning is oriented towards the further development of AI in order to improve the performance of machines in terms of intuition, sensitivity, emotions, and other factors that enhance the planning and decision-making tasks.
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Jansone-Ratinika, Nora, Tatjana Koķe, Raimonds Strods, and Māris Brants. "Drivers of Faculty Pedagogical Digital Competence or How to Get Things Going Online." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.14.
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The world`s health crisis was started and the area of higher education was significantly challenged by the spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2. The academic community was forced to rethink its ways of learning and teaching dynamically. It transformed the understanding of the faculty competence as an essential component of the continuity of qualitative education, which emphasizes the need to increase the competence to work in a technology-enhanced study environment and to support students in achieving learning outcomes remotely. The aim of the article is to explain the pedagogical digital competence of faculty, which reflects one of the research aspects covered in the State Research Programme (SRP) dedicated to mitigating the consequences of COVID-19. The research methodology consists of a set of quantitative data, which was obtained by surveying 349 faculty from 33 higher education institutions of Latvia. In turn, a questionnaire was developed based on the obtained conclusions, performing an analysis of literature and educational guidelines. Patterns of the use of educational technologies of faculty were analyzed and described in the framework of the research. The wide analysis performed during the research can be summarized in several conclusions. (1) Skills that faculty have self-assessed as the highest primarily characterize the use of technologies and technological solutions (TTS – analogous to hardware and software) to meet students basic learning needs. In turn, skills in the use of TTS, which would help students to develop digital competence and achieve study results in line with labor market trends, are assessed lower. (2) Faculty consider themselves to be more proficient in using TTS to promote students’ cognitive skills than in acquiring practical skills. (3) Faculty feel more proficient in providing feedback to students, rather than collecting it from them and performing summative rather than formative assessment. (4) The improvement of pedagogical digital competence (PDC) of faculty is driven more by cooperation with students than by administrative pressure.
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Crawford, Elise, Frank Bogna, Aldo Raineri, and Ryan L. Kift. "Next generation technology for learning practical skills online." In ASCILITE 2020: ASCILITE’s First Virtual Conference. University of New England, Armidale, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2020.0135.
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This paper presents a rationale and research approach for a pilot study that examines next generation solutions for enhancing online learning of practical skills required of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) university students. The study explores instructional technology that has been designed through a constructivist lens. Open source interactive capability and immersive experiences are created using static and 360-degree panoramic photography to encourage greater engagement with the learning resources and to enhance practical skill development at distance. This design research pilot is founded on pedagogy before technology principles and follows the pedagogical model of the cognitive apprenticeship. Survey data, and learning analytics from the University Learning Management System will be interrogated to appraise the education outcomes using the Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Framework. Expected benefits include improved engagement with learning resources, improved overall OHS skill development, and greater accessibility to workplaces without personal concerns for health and safety.
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Elkefi, Safa, Onur Asan, and Tina W F Yen. "Using Human factors approach to evaluate patient-centered cancer care." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002186.
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Patient-centered care (PCC) approaches are critical for the delivery of high-quality care in cancer care where the therapeutic alliance between patients and the oncologists is frequent over extended periods of time. The concept of patient-centered care has received increased attention since the publication of the 2001 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Crossing the Quality Chasm. In this study, we create and evaluate a new framework for patient-centered care in cancer using human factors approaches. Many initiatives focused on developing technologies that help foster PCC by increasing patients’ access to information and facilitating self-monitoring and patient convenience. This paper makes an important contribution to the literature by historically examining the evolution of the definitions of care approaches from disease-centered care focusing on curing the diseases to patient-centered care satisfying patients’ needs to person-centered care. Instead of treating people like victims of diseases, this model recognizes their need for more than one professional to support them emphasizing their capabilities and potential to improve their own health by themselves. It also provides a different and complementary way to the visit-oriented approach furnishing more accessible and continuous care over time, Our contribution also covers summarizing the existing measures adopted to measure its components and finally suggests a socio-technical framework based on the human factors approach to measuring PCC effectiveness. Our approach to measuring PCC is grounded in the conceptual framework we are suggesting that evaluates the effectiveness of patient-centered care based on a socio-technical perspective. We link the cognitive perception of patients towards PCC (Cognitive Sensory Input) to their exposure to external factors (Exposure) that may affect their (Cognition) behavior. A holistic approach recognizing health care as a dynamic socio-technical system in which sub-elements interact with each other remains necessary to better understand the system and its constraints in cancer care. We use a case study to emphasize the importance and need of such a human factors-based framework in providing a better quality of care and improving health outcomes. Achieving high-quality care is a complex pursuit in any setting especially for cancer care and improving the patient journey requires an integrated system of care and productive interactions among many system levels. By understanding the work system components, the design and integration of tasks, technology, and clinical processes can be reviewed to better support the respective needs of individuals while optimizing system performance. A supportive work environment and a highly engaged workforce are highly correlated with improved quality of patient-centered care and hospital performance. At the population level, case managers, navigators, quality officers, and administrators may track outcomes across patients.This framework can help organize clinical interventions that aim to control cancer patients’ behavior from a patient-centered perspective. It can also help technology designers by giving them insight into how patient-centeredness in the design of health informatics can impact cancer patients’ behavior. In addition, patient-centered designs can enhance technology acceptance among cancer patients making it easier to adopt technology for follow-up reasons by involving human factors and ergonomics principles in order to ensure successful results.
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Caporale, Alice, Francesco Gabriele Galizia, Lucia Botti, and Cristina Mora. "Thermal comfort prediction of aged industrial workers based on occupants' basal metabolic rate." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002666.
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The increasing workforce ageing brings benefits and challenges in industrial structures. Industries consider aged workers as essential resources thanks to their experience and skills. Conversely, the aged workers' progressive functional and cognitive decline reduce their tolerance to industrial environmental conditions, negatively impacting performance. In particular, after age 30, there is a progressive inefficiency in the physiological response to temperature changes. Therefore, thermal discomfort conditions have a worse impact as the workers' age increases. The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) methodology is conventionally used to predict the human sensation of thermal comfort on a seven-point thermal sensation scale. Such methodology does not take account of progressive decline in thermoregulation capacity with age. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing an analytic model for the prediction of thermal comfort. The Metabolic rate (M) parameter in the PMV equation is calculated from the Harris-Benedict equations revised by Mifflin and St Jeor (1990) for the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), including the age factor for a more accurate evaluation of the workers' thermal sensation. The aim is to safeguard the aged workers' health and well-being to enhance their performance during work.
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Xu, Zhi-peng, Hui-ren Zhu, Ya-zhou Wang, and Xinyu Bian. "Numerical Study on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Discrete Film Cooling Holes of the Sinusoidal Longitudinal Corrugated Heat Liner." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90575.
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Abstract To understand film cooling flow fields and heat transfer characteristics of the longitudinal corrugated surface on afterburner heat liner, the numerical simulation was performed in approximate actual boundary conditions. The single hole and full film holes on the corrugated surface were investigated under different boundary conditions to study the heat transfer and discharge coefficient. The adverse pressure gradient on the leeward results in spanwise expansion of the airflow, while the favorable pressure gradient on the windward keeps the shape of the jet constant. The different hole spacing and hole row spacing in different positions of the corrugated surface should be considered due to the film covering characteristics. The film cooling holes at the same height on the leeward and windward share the similar laterally average effectiveness. The flow rate and discharge coefficient increase from crest to trough. Cross-flow has a negative influence on the discharge coefficient especially the inlet cross-flow. The cross-flow and discharge coefficient can be correlated with each other by a logarithmic function. The jet discharge coefficient on the windward surface is higher than that on the leeward surface, which is contrary to previous cognition. The reason is that the jet blocking causes the downstream pressure zone to advance, which counteracts and enhanced the siphon effect on the leeward and windward side respectively. As the inlet pressure of coolant increases, the film cooling effectiveness on the windward side is greatly improved in full film condition. However, it changes little on the leeward side.
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De La Garza, Cecilia, and Nora Oufi. "Health Crisis Management and Resilience Factors: A Comparative Study in Two Sectors." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001567.
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The objective of this study is to analyze the modalities of health crisis management in two different sectors during the Covid-19 crisis: the hospital and the nuclear industry. The aim is to:- Characterize the health crisis: similarities and differences compared to other known crises - nuclear, natural crisis (storm, earthquake, flood). - Identify elements of similarity between sectors in the modalities of crisis management and particularities related to the specificities of the socio-technical systems.- Identify the resilience factors and difficulties- Make proposals to enhance the robustness of crisis organizations.Study BackgroundBoth the hospital and the nuclear industry (EDF) have had to organize and adapt to continue their activities from the beginning of the crisis in March 2020.On the hospital side, an emergency plan (White Plan) provides a reconfiguration of the hospital in case of health crisis. On the nuclear side, a Business Continuity Plan exists as well as a pandemic emergency plan (support and mobilization plan).It was at La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, a reference hospital for infectious diseases, that the first death of Covid19 was recorded. The crisis unit was activated at that time. The hospital then opened its doors to us for human and organizational factors study of crisis management in April 2020. Concerning the nuclear sector, the health crisis management analysis could only be carried out from October 2020 at the national level and the nuclear power plants.Methodological approachWe applied a systemic approach combining ergonomics, cognitive psychology, and sociology to study socio-technical systems safety.The study focused on crisis management via an analysis of organizational resilience to identify the factors of success and difficulty. Given the temporality of this crisis, the study was carried out in three stages at the hospital.1. April and May 2020: i) a series of remote interviews with various hospital staff were conducted; ii) a passive listening follow-up of about 30 phone meetings of the crisis unit; iii) a documentary analysis of the planned crisis organization.2. November and December 2021: i) a second series of interviews in the hospital emergency unit.3. June and July 2021 in the intensive care unit: i) a third round of interviews; ii) field observations in the hospital; iii) a literature review.In the nuclear field we conducted two retrospective studies at different times, focused on the most critical phase of the crisis (from March to May 2020):1. October - November 2021: an analysis of the health crisis’ management at the national level via a series of interviews completed by an analysis of the crisis reference systems.2. August - September 2021: an analysis of the health crisis management in a Nuclear power plant via interviews and an analysis of site-specific documents. ResultsWe observed similarities in the way the crisis was managed, in terms of management, which proved to be factors of success both at the hospital and at EDF, for example,- A crisis management that integrates the business lines and is top-down, but that listens and takes into account proposals from the field.- Experience of crises and emergency situations, which facilitates crisis management and adaptation.- The habit of protocols facilitating the integration of new constraints.- Very strong collective mobilization of personnelHowever, there are linked difficulties in both sectors, for example, to the virus fear, the anxiety of contaminating one's family and friends, especially at the beginning, and then weariness and fatigue linked to the duration of the crisis.Particularities concerning the work activity in the hospital will be discussed especially in relation to the reconfiguration of the services and to the necessary adaptations and improvisations of patients care protocols and procedures, among others.These studies are source of learning, about crisis management and particularly long-term crises that have a lasting impact on socio-technical systems. Proposals in terms of crisis organization and preparedness for this type of crisis will be presented.
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Bellocchio, Andrew T., Michael J. Benson, Bret P. Van Poppel, Seth A. Norberg, and Ryan Benz. "An Enhanced Gas Turbine Engine Laboratory: A Learning Platform Supporting an Undergraduate Engineering Curriculum." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91616.
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Abstract A gas turbine engine has supported the U.S. Military Academy’s mechanical engineering program for nearly three decades. Recent, substantial enhancements to the engine, controls, and data acquisition systems greatly increased the student experience by leveraging its broad capabilities beyond the original laboratory learning objectives. In this way, the laboratory served as a learning platform for more than just instruction on gas turbine fundamentals and the Brayton cycle. The engine is a refurbished auxiliary power unit from Pratt & Whitney Aeropower, installed in the Embrauer 120 and similar to a unit installed on a U.S. Army helicopter. Whereas the original laboratory experience permitted students to test the engine at three different loads applied by a water brake dynamometer, the revised experience allowed for a broader range of test conditions. The original laboratory included single point measurements of three temperatures and two pressures, along with the fuel flow rate, dynamometer torque, and engine speed. The revised laboratory allowed the user to vary bleed air and engine loads across an operational envelope at a user-specified acquisition rate. The improved data acquisition system used LabVIEW™ and included multiple state sensors for pressure, temperature, fuel flow, bleed air, and dynamometer performance, thereby enabling a more complete analysis by accounting for the energy transported by bleed airflow and absorbed by the water brake. Students then quantified the uncertainty in their measurements and analysis. The new emphasis on uncertainty quantification, part of a program-level initiative, challenged students’ notion of “substitute and solve” while also familiarizing them with large, experimental data sets. The re-envisioned laboratory raised the students’ level in the cognitive domain and served as their premier engine experience. Rather than merely observing engine adjustments across a small range of conditions, students designed their own laboratory experience. With the updated approach, students viewed a graphic of the turbine’s laboratory operating range and chose the key variables of interest — selecting data points within the laboratory operating range — and then justified their selections. The enhanced experience added analysis of flow exergy and exergetic efficiency. The exercise also challenged students to hypothesize why actual turbine performance was less than predicted and determine sources of error and uncertainty. Moreover, the new laboratory offers opportunities to expand the turbine engine’s utility from supporting a single thermal-fluids course to a multidisciplinary learning platform. Concluding remarks address concepts for augmenting course instruction in other courses within the curriculum, including heat transfer, mechanical vibrations, and dynamic modeling and controls.
Reports on the topic "Enhanced cognitive health"
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.
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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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Newman-Toker, David E., Susan M. Peterson, Shervin Badihian, Ahmed Hassoon, Najlla Nassery, Donna Parizadeh, Lisa M. Wilson, et al. Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer258.
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Objectives. Diagnostic errors are a known patient safety concern across all clinical settings, including the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review to determine the most frequent diseases and clinical presentations associated with diagnostic errors (and resulting harms) in the ED, measure error and harm frequency, as well as assess causal factors. Methods. We searched PubMed®, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL®), and Embase® from January 2000 through September 2021. We included research studies and targeted grey literature reporting diagnostic errors or misdiagnosis-related harms in EDs in the United States or other developed countries with ED care deemed comparable by a technical expert panel. We applied standard definitions for diagnostic errors, misdiagnosis-related harms (adverse events), and serious harms (permanent disability or death). Preventability was determined by original study authors or differences in harms across groups. Two reviewers independently screened search results for eligibility; serially extracted data regarding common diseases, error/harm rates, and causes/risk factors; and independently assessed risk of bias of included studies. We synthesized results for each question and extrapolated U.S. estimates. We present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) or plausible range (PR) bounds, as appropriate. Results. We identified 19,127 citations and included 279 studies. The top 15 clinical conditions associated with serious misdiagnosis-related harms (accounting for 68% [95% CI 66 to 71] of serious harms) were (1) stroke, (2) myocardial infarction, (3) aortic aneurysm and dissection, (4) spinal cord compression and injury, (5) venous thromboembolism, (6/7 – tie) meningitis and encephalitis, (6/7 – tie) sepsis, (8) lung cancer, (9) traumatic brain injury and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, (10) arterial thromboembolism, (11) spinal and intracranial abscess, (12) cardiac arrhythmia, (13) pneumonia, (14) gastrointestinal perforation and rupture, and (15) intestinal obstruction. Average disease-specific error rates ranged from 1.5 percent (myocardial infarction) to 56 percent (spinal abscess), with additional variation by clinical presentation (e.g., missed stroke average 17%, but 4% for weakness and 40% for dizziness/vertigo). There was also wide, superimposed variation by hospital (e.g., missed myocardial infarction 0% to 29% across hospitals within a single study). An estimated 5.7 percent (95% CI 4.4 to 7.1) of all ED visits had at least one diagnostic error. Estimated preventable adverse event rates were as follows: any harm severity (2.0%, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6), any serious harms (0.3%, PR 0.1 to 0.7), and deaths (0.2%, PR 0.1 to 0.4). While most disease-specific error rates derived from mainly U.S.-based studies, overall error and harm rates were derived from three prospective studies conducted outside the United States (in Canada, Spain, and Switzerland, with combined n=1,758). If overall rates are generalizable to all U.S. ED visits (130 million, 95% CI 116 to 144), this would translate to 7.4 million (PR 5.1 to 10.2) ED diagnostic errors annually; 2.6 million (PR 1.1 to 5.2) diagnostic adverse events with preventable harms; and 371,000 (PR 142,000 to 909,000) serious misdiagnosis-related harms, including more than 100,000 permanent, high-severity disabilities and 250,000 deaths. Although errors were often multifactorial, 89 percent (95% CI 88 to 90) of diagnostic error malpractice claims involved failures of clinical decision-making or judgment, regardless of the underlying disease present. Key process failures were errors in diagnostic assessment, test ordering, and test interpretation. Most often these were attributed to inadequate knowledge, skills, or reasoning, particularly in “atypical” or otherwise subtle case presentations. Limitations included use of malpractice claims and incident reports for distribution of diseases leading to serious harms, reliance on a small number of non-U.S. studies for overall (disease-agnostic) diagnostic error and harm rates, and methodologic variability across studies in measuring disease-specific rates, determining preventability, and assessing causal factors. Conclusions. Although estimated ED error rates are low (and comparable to those found in other clinical settings), the number of patients potentially impacted is large. Not all diagnostic errors or harms are preventable, but wide variability in diagnostic error rates across diseases, symptoms, and hospitals suggests improvement is possible. With 130 million U.S. ED visits, estimated rates for diagnostic error (5.7%), misdiagnosis-related harms (2.0%), and serious misdiagnosis-related harms (0.3%) could translate to more than 7 million errors, 2.5 million harms, and 350,000 patients suffering potentially preventable permanent disability or death. Over two-thirds of serious harms are attributable to just 15 diseases and linked to cognitive errors, particularly in cases with “atypical” manifestations. Scalable solutions to enhance bedside diagnostic processes are needed, and these should target the most commonly misdiagnosed clinical presentations of key diseases causing serious harms. New studies should confirm overall rates are representative of current U.S.-based ED practice and focus on identified evidence gaps (errors among common diseases with lower-severity harms, pediatric ED errors and harms, dynamic systems factors such as overcrowding, and false positives). Policy changes to consider based on this review include: (1) standardizing measurement and research results reporting to maximize comparability of measures of diagnostic error and misdiagnosis-related harms; (2) creating a National Diagnostic Performance Dashboard to track performance; and (3) using multiple policy levers (e.g., research funding, public accountability, payment reforms) to facilitate the rapid development and deployment of solutions to address this critically important patient safety concern.
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‘Understanding developmental cognitive science from different cultural perspectives’ – In Conversation with Tochukwu Nweze. ACAMH, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.13666.
Full textAbstract:
Tochukwu Nweze, lecturer in the Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and, PhD student in MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge talks about his recent paper on parentally deprived Nigerian children having enhanced working memory ability, how important is it to study cultural differences in cognitive adaption during and following periods of adversity, and how can mental health professionals translate this understanding of difference into their work.
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Family-focused CBT is not superior to enhanced treatment-as-usual in reducing suicide attempts. ACAMH, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10651.
Full textAbstract:
In 2011, Esposito-Smythers et al. reported that integrated outpatient cognitive-behavioural therapy (I-CBT) significantly reduced substance use, suicidal behaviours, and the rate of health service use compared with enhanced treatment-as-usual (E-TAU) in adolescents with co-occurring alcohol or drug use disorder and suicidality.