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1
Yuan, Q., R. Sparling, P. Lagasse, Y. M. Lee, D. Taniguchi, and J. A. Oleszkiewicz. "Enhancing biological phosphorus removal with glycerol." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 1837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.974.
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An enhanced biological phosphorus removal process (EBPR) was successfully operated in presence of acetate. When glycerol was substituted for acetate in the feed the EBPR process failed. Subsequently waste activated sludge (WAS) from the reactor was removed to an off-line fermenter. The same amount of glycerol was added to the WAS fermenter which led to significant volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. By supplying the system with the VFA-enriched supernatant of the fermentate, biological phosphorus removal was enhanced. It was concluded that, if glycerol was to be used as an external carbon source in EBPR, the effective approach was to ferment glycerol with waste activated sludge.
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Wu, Guangxue, and Michael Rodgers. "Inhibitory effect of copper on enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (October 1, 2010): 1464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.431.
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Copper inhibition of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was examined in batch experiments under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Inhibition was represented by both acetate uptake and phosphorus release coefficients under anaerobic conditions, and by a phosphorus uptake coefficient under aerobic conditions. The results showed that copper inhibition of EBPR occurred mainly during aerobic phosphorus uptake and a first-order phosphorus uptake coefficient can be better used to describe the inhibition effect. For the aerobic phosphorus uptake using the EBPR activated sludge, (i) copper inhibition started at 0.07 mg/l, (ii) 50% and 100% inhibition occurred at 0.30 mg/l and 0.53 mg/l, respectively, and (iii) the inhibition constant was 0.48 mg/l.
3
Bond, Philip L., Jürg Keller, and Linda L. Blackall. "Characterisation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludges with dissimilar phosphorus removal performances." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1998): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0719.
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A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and dramatic differences in the P removing capabilities were obtained in different stages of the operation. At one stage extremely poor P removal occurred and it appeared that bacteria inhibiting P removal overwhelmed the reactor performance. Changes were made to the reactor operation and these led to the development of a sludge with high P removing capability. This latter sludge was analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) using a probe specific for Acinetobacter. Very few cells were detected with this probe indicating that Acinetobacter played an insignificant role in the P removal occurring here. Analysis of the chemical transformations of three sludges supported the biochemical pathways proposed for EBPR and non-EBPR systems in biological models. A change in operation that led to the improved P removal performance included permitting the pH to rise in the anaerobic periods of the SBR cycle.
4
Arnz, P., E. Arnold, and P. A. Wilderer. "Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a semifull-scale SBBR." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0133.
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A 17 m3 Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) was operated for enhanced biological phosphorus removal and nitrification for a period of 384 days. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activity was instantly induced after start-up of EBPR operation mode and low phosphate effluent values were reached from the first batch onward. Process stability with regard to nitrification and EBPR were very good although high nitrate loads from backwashing disturbed the P removal performance. Due to anoxic conditions in the beginning of the cycle, readily degradable COD was depleted by denitrification. Consequently, particulate matter was the main carbon source for phosphorus accumulating organisms. Anaerobic hydrolysis or fermentation was found to be the rate limiting process in the SBBR cycle. Simultaneous denitrification occurred in the first 30 minutes of aeration and - to a lesser extent - during the remaining aeration time, enhancing nitrogen removal and indirectly also phosphorus removal.
5
Ruchiraset, Apaporn, and Sopa Chinwetkitvanich. "Estrogens Removal by Sludge from Enhance Biological Phosphorus Removal System." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.246.
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This study was to investigate the removal of four estrogens in enhance biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system. Sludge from four EBPRs were used to investigate both of anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Results showed that EBPR could remove estrogen both under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In anaerobic condition, estrogens removals were in the range of 7692% for E1 (estrone), 5890% for E2 (17β-estradiol), 4363% for E3 (estrol), and 6288% for EE2 (17α-ethinylestradiol). In aerobic phase, removal of estrogens were ranging from 7996% for E1, 7696% for E2, 3664% for E3, and 5796% of EE2. Sorption onto sludge was the main mechanism of estrogens removal in comparison with biodegradation, which their sorption:biodegradation ratios were around 0.9:0.1 and 0.8:0.2 in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. Moreover, biotransformation of E2 to E1 was found in every E2-batch experiments that used active sludge.
6
Pattarkine, Vikram M., and Clifford W. Randall. "The requirement of metal cations for enhanced biological phosphorus removal by activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 2 (July 1, 1999): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0112.
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The objectives of the study described in this paper were to study the requirements of potassium, magnesium, and calcium for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and to determine whether either potassium or magnesium could support EBPR on its own. Batch experiments indicated that phosphorus uptake by the sludge was affected by the availability of potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Both potassium and magnesium were simultaneously required and neither was adequate by itself for EBPR. Calcium did not appear to be required for EBPR, and did not seem to be involved in biologically mediated chemical precipitation.
7
Scheer, Holger, and Carl F. Seyfried. "Enhanced biological phosphate removal: modelling and design in theory and practice." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1996): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0356.
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The need for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) in wastewater treatment plants (WTP) is increasing so that the development of steady state design models for WTPs using nitrification, denitrification and EBPR becomes more and more important. In developing such a model, theoretical and practical aspects must be considered if the qualitative and quantitative statements regarding the influence of various wastewater conditions (e.g. substrate composition) and surrounding conditions (e.g. influence of nitrate, duration of the anaerobic contact time) affecting EBPR shall be described. The presented EBPR design model is verified using data from various WTPs (e.g. Berlin-Ruhleben) currently using EBPR practices. Sensitivity studies for the most important influencing parameters and surrounding conditions are done, using fictious plant data. Recommendations are given, based on these studies, for the optimization of the EBPR process. These recommendations illustrate the most effective means towards improving the surrounding conditions for EBPR (e.g. increase of amount of readily available organic substrate, decrease of sludge age) with regard to an increase of the biologically removed phosphorus concentration.
8
Scheer, Holger, and Carl F. Seyfried. "Enhanced biological phosphate removal: modelling and design in theory and practice." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 10 (May 1, 1997): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0355.
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The need for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) in wastewater treatment plants (WTP) is increasing so that the development of steady state design models for WTPs using nitrification, denitrification and EBPR becomes more and more important. In developing such a model, theoretical and practical aspects must be considered if the qualitative and quantitative statements regarding the influence of various wastewater conditions (e.g. substrate composition) and surrounding conditions (e.g. influence of nitrate, duration of the anaerobic contact time) affecting EBPR shall be described. The presented EBPR design model is verified using data from various WTPs (e.g. Berlin-Ruhleben) currently using EBPR practices. Sensitivity studies for the most important influencing parameters and surrounding conditions are done, using fictious plant data. Recommendations are given, based on these studies, for the optimization of the EBPR process. These recommendation illustrates the most effective means towards improving the surrounding conditions for EBPR (e.g. increase of amount of readily available organic substrate, decrease of sludge age) with regard to an increase of the biologically removed phosphorus concentration.
9
Morgenroth, Eberhard, and Peter A. Wilderer. "Controlled biomass removal - the key parameter to achieve enhanced biological phosphorus removal in biofilm systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0321.
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In contrast to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in activated sludge systems mass transfer processes have a major influence on overall phosphorus removal in biofilm reactors. Based on results from a laboratory scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) and from a mathematical model the influence of the following processes on EBPR in biofilms was evaluated: (1) mass transfer limitation for oxygen, (2) mass transfer limitation for organic substrate, (3) lack of controlled removal of biomass from the system. It was shown that mass transfer of soluble components (oxygen and organic substrate) had only a minor effect on overall phosphorus removal. Soluble components fully penetrate the biofilm at certain times during the SBBR cycle as a consequence of SBBR operation with large concentration variations over the cycle time. The limiting processes for EBPR is the efficient removal of phosphorus rich biomass from the reactor. Biomass at the base of the biofilm that is not removed during backwashing will release accumulated phosphorus due to lysis or endogenous respiration and will not contribute to net phosphorus removal. For efficient operation of EBPR in biofilm systems regular and intensive backwashing resulting in thin biofilms is suggested.
10
Rickard, L. F., and S. A. McClintock. "Potassium and Magnesium Requirements for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0697.
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The role of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) by activated sludge was studied using a bench-scale continuous-flow A/O system. A synthetic wastewater containing all the nutrients required for EBPR was used as the influent feed for the control phase of the experiment. The influent feed to the test phase of the experiment was changed to totally limit specific cations. The results clearly indicated that both K and Mg were absolutely required for successful EBPR. Failure of EBPR occurred when either K or Mg were eliminated from the influent. The molar ratio of K:P during anaerobic release and aerobic uptake was observed to be 0.22 mol/mol, while Mg:P was 0.30 mol/mol. Calcium was not required for successful EBPR. Neither calcium, iron, nor sodium were co-transported with phosphorus during release and uptake.
11
Mamais, D., and D. Jenkins. "The Effects of MCRT and Temperature on Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1992): 955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0537.
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Temperature and low mean cell residence time (MCRT) effects on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were investigated in continuous flow bench-scale activated sludge systems treating settled domestic wastewater supplemented with 50 mg/l acetate over ranges of MCRT and temperature of 2-4 days and 13.5-20° C respectively. Temperature effects (10-37°C) on anaerobic soluble COD (CODsol) uptake and soluble P release (Psol) and aerobic Psol uptake rates were studied in batch. For the temperature range studied, EBPR functioned efficiently at MCRT ≥ 2.9 day; below 2.9 day MCRT EBPR is lost at an MCRT value that depends on temperature. Temperature effects on MCRT for EBPR (13.5-20°C), anaerobic CODsol uptake and Psol release rates and aerobic Psol uptake rates (10-30°C) are described by similar Arrhenius plots indicating a similar temperature dependency for all biological processes involved in EBPR.
12
Ichihashi, O., H. Satoh, and T. Mino. "Sludge–sludge Interaction in the Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 6 (March 1, 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.161.
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Metabolisms related to enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were found to be affected when two activated sludges with different EBPR activities were mixed together. In the present study, two laboratory scale EBPR processes were operated in parallel, one of them with higher and another with lower EBPR activities. The activated sludges from the two reactors were mixed together at different mixing ratios. The supernatant was made the same for all mixing ratios, anaerobic–aerobic batch experiments were performed, and acetate uptake rate and phosphate release rate under anaerobic conditions and phosphate uptake rate under aerobic condition were determined. The metabolic rates measured were expected to be linear to the mixing ratios, as the supernatant was the same for all mixing ratios, whereas the metabolic rates were either promoted or inhibited by mixing of sludges. As an indicator for the sludge mixing effect on the metabolic rates, mixing effect intensity (MEI) was introduced. Chemical substances that are produced by microorganisms in activated sludge are proposed to be one of the possible causes of the sludge mixing effect.
13
Erdal, Z. K., U. G. Erdal, and C. W. Randall. "Biochemistry of enhanced biological phosphorus removal and anaerobic COD stabilization." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0736.
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Improved design strategies at BNR plants should include cost reductions so that the consumers and water authorities will be more willing to build EBPR plants instead of conventional activated sludge plants. Through efficient design, actual savings in construction and operation costs can be realized. For this reason, anaerobic stabilization of COD needs to be seriously considered during design for direct energy savings at the plants. The existence of anaerobic stabilization has been demonstrated through experimental work. Evaluation of operational data from existing plants has also indicated the definite presence of anaerobic stabilization at plants that include anaerobic zones for EBPR as part of their operation. By exploring the biochemical reactions taking place in EBPR process, particularly the involvement of the storage mechanisms for PHA, poly-P and glycogen storage, the potential mechanisms of the anaerobic stabilization of COD in EBPR systems was explored. The resultant balances pointed out the importance of glycogen metabolism in terms of conserving carbon and providing a sink for the reducing equivalents produced under aerobic conditions. This mechanism is different from those observed in anoxic-aerobic and conventional aerobic activated sludge systems, and appears to be at least partially responsible for the observed anaerobic stabilization of COD.
14
Pramanik, J., P. L. Trelstad, and J. D. Keasling. "A flux-based stoichiometric model of enhanced biological phosphorus removal metabolism." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1998): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0727.
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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in wastewater treatment involves metabolic cycling through the biopolymers polyphosphate (polyP), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and glycogen. This cycling is induced through treatment systems that alternate between carbon-rich anaerobic and carbon-poor aerobic reactor basins. While the appearance and disappearance of these biopolymers has been documented, the intracellular pressures that regulate their synthesis and degradation are not well understood. Current models of the EBPR process have examined a limited number of metabolic pathways that are frequently lumped into an even smaller number of “reactions.” This work, on the other hand, uses a stoichiometric model that contains a complete set of the pathways involved in bacterial biomass synthesis and energy production to examine EBPR metabolism. Using the stoichiometric model we were able to analyze the role of EBPR metabolism within the larger context of total cellular metabolism, as well as predict the flux distribution of carbon and energy fluxes throughout the total reaction network. The model was able to predict the consumption of PHB, the degradation of polyP, the uptake of acetate and the release of Pi. It demonstrated the relationship between acetate uptake and Pi release, and the effect of pH on this relationship. The model also allowed analysis of growth metabolism with respect to EBPR.
15
Rudi, Knut, Inger Andrea Goa, Torgeir Saltnes, Gjermund Sørensen, Inga Leena Angell, and Sondre Eikås. "Microbial ecological processes in MBBR biofilms for biological phosphorus removal from wastewater." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.149.
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Abstract Phosphorus is both a major environmental pollutant and a limiting resource. Although enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is used worldwide for phosphorus removal, the standard activated sludge-based EBPR process shows limitations with stability and efficiency. Recently, a new EBPR moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process has been developed at HIAS (Hamar, Norway), enabling a phosphorus removal stability above 90% during a whole year cycle. To increase the knowledge of the HIAS (MBBR) process the aim of the current work was to characterize the MBBR microbiota and operational performance weekly for the operational year. Surprisingly, we found a major succession of the microbiota, with a five-fold increase in phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs), and major shifts in eukaryote composition, despite a stable phosphorus removal. Temperature was the only factor that significantly affected both phosphorus removal and the microbiota. There was a lower phosphor removal during the winter, coinciding with a higher microbiota alpha diversity, and a lower beta diversity. This differs from what is observed for activated sludge based EBPR. Taken together, the knowledge gained from the current microbiota study supports the efficiency and stability of MBBR-based systems, and that knowledge from activated sludge-based EBPR approaches cannot be translated to MBBR systems.
16
Rosen, C., P. Ingildsen, T. Guildal, T. Munk Nielsen, M. K. Nielsen, B. N. Jacobsen, and H. A. Thomsen. "Introducing biological phosphorus removal in an alternating plant by means of control: a full scale study." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 4-5 (February 1, 2006): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.117.
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In this paper, a control strategy for introducing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in an alternating plant designed for enhanced biological nitrogen removal (EBNR) is presented. Alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions to promote EBPR are provided by controlling the phases of the operational cycle, instead of a separate anaerobic volume. By utilising the control schemes already built in the STAR® control system for nitrogen removal, the control strategy is fully integrated in the system. The control system relies on on-line measurements of nitrogen (ammonia and/or nitrate) and orthophosphate. The control strategy has been implemented in full-scale operation at the Avedøre wastewater treatment plant in Denmark and the results show clear indications of success. The control strategy has operated robustly for several months with a 60% decrease in use of precipitation chemicals.
17
Vollertsen, J., G. Petersen, and V. R. Borregaard. "Hydrolysis and fermentation of activated sludge to enhance biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 12 (June 1, 2006): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.406.
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The conventional mainstream enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process depends on the quality of the raw incoming wastewater. An alternative sidestream EBPR process is presented, where the substrates for storage by the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) instead come from hydrolysis of the return activated sludge. This process is studied in full-scale at two treatment plants and quantified by means of phosphorus release rates and readily biodegradable COD (RBCOD) accumulation rates. It was seen that not only was a significant amount of RBCOD stored by PAOs but an approximately equal amount was accumulated in the sidestream hydrolysis tank and made available for the subsequent nitrogen removal process. The phosphorus release of the sludge with and without addition of different substrates was furthermore studied in laboratory scale. The study showed that the process is promising and in a number of cases will have significant advantages compared with the conventional mainstream EBPR design.
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McMahon, Katherine D., Michael A. Dojka, Norman R. Pace, David Jenkins, and Jay D. Keasling. "Polyphosphate Kinase from Activated Sludge Performing Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 10 (October 2002): 4971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.10.4971-4978.2002.
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ABSTRACT A novel polyphosphate kinase (PPK) was retrieved from an uncultivated organism in activated sludge carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Acetate-fed laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors were used to maintain sludge with a high phosphorus content (approximately 11% of the biomass). PCR-based clone libraries of small subunit rRNA genes and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to verify that the sludge was enriched in Rhodocyclus-like β-Proteobacteria known to be associated with sludges carrying out EBPR. These organisms comprised approximately 80% of total bacteria in the sludge, as assessed by FISH. Degenerate PCR primers were designed to retrieve fragments of putative ppk genes from a pure culture of Rhodocyclus tenuis and from organisms in the sludge. Four novel ppk homologs were found in the sludge, and two of these (types I and II) shared a high degree of amino acid similarity with R. tenuis PPK (86 and 87% similarity, respectively). Dot blot analysis of total RNA extracted from sludge demonstrated that the Type I ppk mRNA was present, indicating that this gene is expressed during EBPR. Inverse PCR was used to obtain the full Type I sequence from sludge DNA, and a full-length PPK was cloned, overexpressed, and purified to near homogeneity. The purified PPK has a specific activity comparable to that of other PPKs, has a requirement for Mg2+, and does not appear to operate in reverse. PPK activity was found mainly in the particulate fraction of lysed sludge microorganisms.
19
Rogalla, F., T. L. Johnson, and J. McQuarrie. "Fixed film phosphorus removal – flexible enough?" Water Science and Technology 53, no. 12 (June 1, 2006): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.408.
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While biological phosphorus removal (BPR) has been practised for 30 years, up to recently it has been restricted mainly to activated sludge processes, with the corresponding need for large basin volumes. Yet, research with biofilm reactors showed that the principle of alternate anaerobic and aerated conditions was applicable to fixed bacteria by changing the conditions in time rather than in space. Attached growth enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems are attractive because of their compactness and capability to retain high biomass levels. However, the phosphorus extraction depends on backwashes to enhance the phosphorus-rich attached biomass, and correct control of unsteady effluent quality created by frequently modified process conditions. Accordingly, EBPR remains a challenging task in terms of combining nitrogen and phosphorus removal using attached growth systems. Nevertheless, a combination of activated sludge and biofilm carriers, in the integrated fixed-film activated sludge system, provides treatment opportunities not readily available using suspended growth systems. Current practice is only at the beginning of exploiting the full potential of this combination, but the first full-scale results show that compact tankage and low nutrient results based on biological principles are possible.
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Cao, Yeshi, Bee Hong Kwok, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Glen T. Daigger, Hui Yi Png, Wah Yuen Long, Chua Seng Chye, and Yahya A. B. D. Ghani. "The occurrence of enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a 200,000 m3/day partial nitration and Anammox activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant, Singapore." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 3 (December 2, 2016): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.565.
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Mainstream partial nitritation and Anammox (PN/A) has been observed and studied in the step-feed activated sludge process at the Changi water reclamation plant (WRP), which is the largest WRP (800,000 m3/d) in Singapore. This paper presents the study results for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) co-existing with PN/A in the activated sludge process. Both the in-situ EBPR efficiency and ex-situ activities of phosphorus release and uptake were high. The phosphorus accumulating organisms were dominant, with little presence of glycogen accumulating organisms in the activated sludge. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) mass balance illustrated that the carbon usage for EBPR was the same as that for heterotrophic denitrification, owing to autotrophic PN/A conversions. This much lower carbon demand for nitrogen removal, compared to conventional biological nitrogen removal, made effective EBPR possible. This paper demonstrated for the first time the effective EBPR co-existence with PN/A in the mainstream in a large full-scale activated sludge process, and the feasibility to accommodate EBPR into the mainstream PN/A process. It also shows EBPR can work under warm climates.
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Barat, R., T. Montoya, L. Borras, A. Seco, and J. Ferrer. "Calcium effect on enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 12 (June 1, 2006): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.403.
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The role of calcium (Ca) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal and its possible implications on the metabolic pathway have been studied. The experience has been carried out in an SBR under anaerobic–aerobic conditions for biological phosphorus removal during 8 months. The variations of influent Ca concentration showed a clear influence on the EBPR process, detecting significant changes in YPO4. These YPO4 variations were not due to influent P/COD ratio, pH, denitrification and calcium phosphate formation. The YPO4 has been found to be highly dependent on the Ca concentration, increasing as Ca concentration decreases. The results suggest that high Ca concentrations produce “inert” granules of polyphosphate with Ca as a counterion that are not involved in P release and uptake. Furthermore, microbiological observations confirmed that appreciable changes in PAO and GAO populations were not observed. This behaviour could suggest a change in the bacterial metabolic pathway, with prevailing polyphosphate-accumulating metabolism (PAM) at low influent Ca concentration and glycogen-accumulating metabolism (GAM) at high concentration.
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Temmink, H., B. Petersen, S. Isaacs, and M. Henze. "Recovery of biological phosphorus removal after periods of low organic loading." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1996): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0349.
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Activated sludge plants for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) are often disturbed by short periods of low organic loading. Depending on the exact nature of the disturbance this may result in a partial or complete depletion of the internal PHB stores. PHB and phosphate measurements in a pilot-scale EBPR process show that recovery from such disturbances is slow and temporarily results in high phosphate concentrations. The measurements strongly suggest that the main reason for this slow recovery is a dependency of P-uptake on a slowly rising level of PHB. In a number of batch experiments this dependency of P-uptake on PHB was clearly shown. Also, based on the results of these batch experiments, a more detailed analysis was made of the effect of organic loading and aeration time on EBPR recovery. It is concluded that to obtain EBPR recovery, the aeration time should be carefully adjusted to the organic loading, particularly if the organic loading is low.
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Bickers, P. O., R. Bhamidimarri, J. Shepherd, and J. Russell. "Biological phosphorus removal from a phosphorus-rich dairy processing wastewater." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 8 (November 1, 2003): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0451.
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Dairy industry processing wastewaters consist mainly of dilutions of milk, milk products and cleaning solutions and, depending on the processes used, may be rich in phosphorus. In New Zealand and internationally, chemical removal of phosphorus is typically the phosphorus removal method of choice from dairy processing wastewaters. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was investigated in this study as an alternative phosphorus removal option using a continuous activated sludge system. A synthetic dairy processing wastewater was firstly subjected to fermentation in an anaerobic reactor (HRT = 12 hrs, pH = 6.5, temperature = 35°C) resulting in a fermented wastewater with an average volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of 1055 mg COD/L. The activated sludge reactor was operated in an AO configuration with an HRT of 2.5 days and an SRT of 15 days. Stable EBPR was exhibited with 42 mg P/L removed, resulting in a final sludge phosphorus content of 4.9% mg P/mg TSS. In the anaerobic zone (HRT = 2.85 hrs) the sludge had a phosphorus content of 3.16% mg P/mg TSS and a poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) concentration of 86 mg COD/g TS.
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Erdal, U. G., Z. K. Erdal, and C. W. Randall. "A thermal adaptation of bacteria to cold temperatures in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal system." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0595.
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Temperature is one of the key parameters that affects the reaction kinetics and performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. Although studies agree regarding the effect of temperature on kinetic reaction rates, there are contradictory results in the literature regarding the effect of temperature on EBPR system performance. Early investigators (Sell, Ekama et al., Daigger et al.) reported better performance with lower temperatures, but others have reported partial or complete loss of EBPR functions at low temperatures (McClintock et al., Brdjanovic et al., Beatons et al.). One speculation is that deterioration in the EBPR system performance at cold temperatures can be attributed to rigid-like behavior of the cell membranes. Most cells (not all) on the other hand have the ability to alter their membrane fatty acid composition as temperature changes in order to keep their membrane at nearly the same fluidity despite the temperature changes. This unique ability is known as homeoviscous adaptation. In this study, homeoviscous adaptation by EBPR activated sludge was investigated for a series of temperatures ranging from 20°C to 5°C using a lab scale continuous flow EBPR system fed with acetate and supplemental yeast extract. The fatty acid analysis results suggested that the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio increased from 1.40 to 3.61 as temperature dropped from 20 to 5°C. The increased cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (C16:1) at 5°C strongly indicated the presence of homeoviscous adaptation in the EBPR bacterial community. Thus the cell membranes of the EBPR community were still in a fluid state, and solute transport and proton motive force were operable even at 5°C. It was concluded that loss of EBPR performance at low temperatures is not related to the physical state of the cellular membranes, but is possibly related to the application of unsuitable operational conditions (low SRT, excessive electron acceptors, low anaerobic detention time, non-acclimated sludge, etc.).
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Matsuo, Yoshitaka. "Effect of the anaerobic solids retention time on enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (September 1, 1994): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0269.
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Three continuous flow enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems were operated to investigate the effect of the anaerobic SRT on the phosphate removal. The P removal in the system with a short anaerobic SRT declined due to growth of non phosphate accumulating microbes which competed in anaerobic substrate uptake against polyphosphate accumulating bacteria. The phosphorus removal, however, was improved by extending the anaerobic SRT. Restoration and stabilization of P removal by the long anaerobic SRT were confirmed in two other systems.
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Roots, Paul, Alex Rosenthal, Yubo Wang, Fabrizio Sabba, Zhen Jia, Fenghua Yang, Heng Zhang, Joseph Kozak, and George Wells. "Pushing the limits of solids retention time for enhanced biological phosphorus removal: process characteristics and Accumulibacter population structure." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 8 (September 11, 2020): 1614–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.437.
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Abstract Reducing the solids retention time (SRT) of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process can increase organic carbon diversion to the sidestream for energy recovery, thereby realizing some of the benefits of the high rate activated sludge (HRAS) process. Determining the washout (i.e. minimum) SRT of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), therefore, allows for simultaneous phosphorus and carbon diversion for energy recovery from EBPR systems. However, few studies have investigated the washout SRT of PAOs in real wastewater, and little is known of the diversity of PAOs in high rate EBPR systems. Here we demonstrate efficient phosphorus removal (83% orthophosphate removal) in a high rate EBPR sequencing batch reactor fed real primary effluent and operated at 20 °C. Stable operation was achieved at a total SRT of 1.8 ± 0.2 days and hydraulic retention time of 3.7–4.8 hours. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data demonstrated that Accumulibacter were the dominant PAO throughout the study, with a washout aerobic SRT between 0.8 and 1.4 days. qPCR targeting the polyphosphate kinase gene revealed that Accumulibacter clades IIA, IIB and IID dominated the PAO community at low SRT operation, while clade IA was washed out at the lowest SRT values.
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Tasli, R., N. Artan, and D. Orhon. "The influence of different substrates on enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0016.
Full textAbstract:
All models of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) define fermentable readily biodegradable substrate, without emphasizing the significance of its composition and the relative importance of different substrates. On the other hand, it is also known that substrates like glucose may be utilized without requiring poly-P energy, a phenomenon which deteriorates the EBPR performance. This paper reports an experimental study evaluating the effect of different organic substrates and their combinations on EBPR, in a sequencing batch reactor. Experimental data show that the EBPR efficiency is significantly affected by the increase of the glucose fraction in the feed, due to the probable dominance of G bacteria. Results of anaerobic batch tests also support this evaluation.
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Fukushima, Toshikazu, Motoharu Onuki, Hiroyasu Satoh, and Takashi Mino. "Effect of pH reduction on polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 6 (September 1, 2010): 1432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.361.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the effect of pH reduction on polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Three laboratory-scale EBPR reactors were used. Initially, the reactors were operated at pH 7.9 ± 0.1 and 6.5 ± 0.1, and after 27 days, the pH was lowered to 6.5 ± 0.1 and 6.0 ± 0.1, respectively. PAOs and GAOs were monitored using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization. Phosphorus removal performance was also monitored. During the start-up period, high EBPR activity and increases in Candidatus ‘Accumulibacter phosphatis’ (Accumulibacter) and Candidatus ‘Competibacter phosphatis’ (Competibacter) were observed. In all runs, Accumulibacter and Competibacter were the dominant PAO and GAO, respectively. Accumulibacter began to decline 10–18 days after lowering the pH to 6.5 ± 0.1. After lowering the pH to 6.0 ± 0.1, the Accumulibacter population decreased immediately. Contrastingly, an obvious adverse effect of pH reduction on Competibacter was not observed. In all runs, EBPR activity began to deteriorate 6–12 days after Accumulibacter decline began. Thus, our results show that pH reduction had an immediate or delayed effect on Accumulibacter decline. Moreover, the time lag between the start of Accumulibacter decline and that of EBPR deterioration implies that EBPR deterioration by pH reduction went through unknown process.
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Schuler, A. J. "Distributed microbial state effects on competitionin enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.388.
Full textAbstract:
Computer simulation of activated sludge population dynamics is a useful tool in process design, operation, and troubleshooting, but currently available programs rely on the assumption of “lumped,” or average, system characteristics in each reactor, such as microbial storage product contents. In reality, the states of individual bacteria are likely to vary due to variable residence times in reactors with completely mixed hydraulics. Earlier work by the present author introduced the MATLAB-based distributed state simulation program, Dissimulator 1.0, and demonstrated that distributed states may be particularly important in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems, which rely on the cycling of bacteria through anaerobic and aerobic reactors to select for a population accumulating multiple microbial storage products. This paper explores the relationships between distributed state profiles, variable anaerobic and aerobic SRTs, and the process rates predicted by lumped and distributed approaches. Consistent with previous results, the lumped approach consistently predicted better EBPR performance than did the distributed approach. The primary reason for this was the presence of large fractions of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) with depleted microbial storage product contents, which led to overestimation of process rates by the lumped approach. Distributed and lumped predictions were therefore most similar when microbial storage product depletion was minimal. The effects of variable anaerobic and aerobic SRTs on distributed profile characteristics and process rates are presented. This work demonstrated that lumped assumptions may overestimate EBPR performance, and the degree of this error is a function of the distributed state profile characteristics such as the degree to which fractions of the biomass contain depleted microbial storage product contents.
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Nyberg, U., H. Aspegren, B. Andersson, P. Elberg Jorgensen, and J. la Cour Jansen. "Circulation of phosphorus in a system with biological p-removal and sludge digestion." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (September 1, 1994): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0280.
Full textAbstract:
Pilot plant studies of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) based on an activated sludge process have been conducted at the Sjölunda plant since 1986. One of the main questions with respect to this process alternative is how the sludge treatment system is to be operated. In order to study the release of phosphorus from an EBPR sludge during anaerobic digestion, a study was performed with manually operated laboratory reactors. Fractionation procedures were used in order to characterize the sludge with respect to phosphorus. The influent wastewater quality determines the release and precipitation of phosphorus during anaerobic digestion. The potential for precipitation is in principle determined by the amount of metals in the influent wastewater which are removed with the wasted sludge. At the Sjölunda plant, a process scheme based on an EBPR process and anaerobic digestion requires that the circulation of phosphorus is prevented by means of addition of chemicals in order to acquire a phosphorus concentration of around 0.5 – 1 mg P/l in the secondary effluent.
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Chong, Robert W., Alan Flinders, Carmel Krogh, Warwick Battye-Smith, and Angelo Emmanual. "Retrofitting of intermittent decanted extended aeration (IDEA) plant for enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 6 (March 1, 1999): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0286.
Full textAbstract:
The Intermittent Decanted Extended Aeration (IDEA) process developed over 30 years ago by the then NSW Department of Public Works (DPW) provided substantial cost savings over the continuous activated sludge process. This is achieved by combining the process of aeration and sludge settlement in a single tank. The first IDEA plant was constructed at Adelong, NSW, in 1965. Since then over 100 plants have been built by DPW and Department of Land and Water Conservation (DLWC) for communities of a few hundred people to large regional centres serving over 50,000 people. This paper presents the latest development of incorporating enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in the IDEA process. The retrofitting of 3 IDEA plants (capacity ranging from 4000 to 55000 persons) for EBPR is discussed. Different innovative and low cost solutions of incorporating conventional EBPR technology to the single tank IDEA plant are presented. Operational data including plant loading, effluent quality and sludge handling are also discussed.
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Lesjean, B., R. Gnirss, C. Adam, M. Kraume, and F. Luck. "Enhanced biological phosphorus removal process implemented in membrane bioreactors to improve phosphorous recovery and recycling." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0023.
Full textAbstract:
The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was adapted to membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. One bench-scale plant (BSP, 200-250 L) and two pilot plants (PPs, 1,000-3,000 L each) were operated under several configurations, including pre-denitrification and post-denitrification without addition of carbon source, and two solid retention times (SRT) of 15 and 26 d. The trials showed that efficient Bio-P removal can be achieved with MBR systems, in both pre- and post-denitrification configurations. EBPR dynamics could be clearly demonstrated through batch-tests, on-line measurements, profile analyses, P-spiking trials, and mass balances. High P-removal performances were achieved even with high SRT of 26 d, as around 9 mgP/L could be reliably removed. After stabilisation, the sludge exhibited phosphorus contents of around 2.4%TS. When spiked with phosphorus (no P-limitation), P-content could increase up to 6%TS. The sludge is therefore well suited to agricultural reuse with important fertilising values. Theoretical calculations showed that increased sludge age should result in a greater P-content. This could not be clearly demonstrated by the trials. This effect should be all the more significant as the influent is low in suspended solids.
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Jardin, Norbert, and H. Johannes Pöpel. "Phosphate release of sludges from enhanced biological p-removal during digestion." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (September 1, 1994): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0279.
Full textAbstract:
During the start-up phase of an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) plant, the amount of eliminated phosphorus during wastewater treatment and the subsequent release during anaerobic sludge digestion was investigated. Different approaches were used to determine the mechanisms of enhanced phosphorus removal. From a comparison of the EBPR plant with a control, a strong correlation between the potassium, the magnesium and the phosphorus content of the sludge and the results gained from phosphorus fractionations we conclude that the major part of the eliminated phosphorus was stored in form of polyphosphate. During digestion of excess and a mixture of excess and primary sludge a complete release of the stored polyphosphate was found. The release of phosphorus was accompanied by a release of potassium and magnesium ions, from which only potassium remains in soluble form. Therefore, the soluble potassium concentration seems to be a good measure for the amount of phosphate released. Only a part of the released phosphate remains in soluble form. When digesting excess and mixed sludge this accounts for approximately 40% of the total phosphorus brought into the digester. The difference between the measured soluble phosphate concentration and the amount of released phosphorus was fixed, mainly due to chemical precipitation. It was found that a fixation in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) was likely to occur under the conditions of anaerobic sludge digestion. The amount of phosphate precipitation as struvite could be estimated using theoretical calculations at approximately 20% of the total phosphorus in the digester. Calcium dosing experiments show that calcium-phosphate precipitation plays only a minor role in phosphate fixation.
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Adam, C., M. Kraume, R. Gnirss, and B. Lesjean. "Membrane bioreactor configurations for enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Supply 3, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2003): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0173.
Full textAbstract:
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) bench-scale plant (210 L) was operated under two different enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) configurations, characterised by pre- and postdenitrification mode. Both configurations were operated at 15 d SRT in parallel to a conventional WWTP and fed with degritted raw water. Effluent PT-concentrations were very stable and low between 0.05-0.15 mg/L for both configurations at sludge P-contents of 2-3%P/TS. In contrast to aerobic P-uptake with postdenitrification anoxic P-uptake clearly dominated in the pre-denitrification configuration. N-removal was surprisingly high with up to 96% in the post-denitrification system without resorting to any carbon addition. During P-spiking (influent: -40 mgP/L) the P-content increased up to 6-7.5%P/TS. However, a significant amount of P-removal was due to adsorption and precipitation.
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Satoh, Hiroyasu, Williams D. Ramey, Frederic A. Koch, Williams K. Oldham, Takashi Mino, and Tomonori Matsuo. "Anaerobic substrate uptake by the enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge treating real sewage." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1996): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0350.
Full textAbstract:
The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) activated sludge process is a wastewater treatment process by which not only organic pollutants but also phosphorus are removed. In the EBPR process, it is known that organic matter in the influent is removed in the anaerobic phase of the sequencing anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Although the mechanism of the anaerobic substrate uptake is being revealed, the existing observations are based on the experiments with activated sludge acclimatized with synthetic sewage, or synthetic media. In this study, the anaerobic substrate uptake by EBPR activated sludge treating real sewage was examined. The sludge was obtained from a pilot plant of the University of British Columbia, Canada. And as the substrate, acetate, propionate, lactate, pyruvate, malate, succinate, and fermented sewage were examined. The results clearly showed that most part of the sink of carbon anaerobically taken up is explained by PHA (poly 3-hydroxyalkanoates), and that glycolysis is playing a significant role in the anaerobic uptake of acetate and propionate.
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Schuler, A. J., M. Onuki, H. Satoh, and T. Mino. "Density separation and molecular methods to characterize enhanced biological phosphorus removal system populations." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2002): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0477.
Full textAbstract:
A novel approach to the identification of microorganisms that accumulate high density microbial storage products based on density separation, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and DNA sequencing was developed and applied to bench and pilot scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. Polyphosphate (PP), glycogen, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), are all of higher density than a typical bacterial cell. PP-accumulating organisms (PAOs), the organisms responsible for EBPR, accumulate all three of these storage products. Density separation in a homogenous solution of Percoll produced a high-density biomass fraction with a relatively high concentration of PAOs, as determined by Neisser staining. DNA was extracted from these fractions, amplified, and separated by DGGE. DGGE profiles demonstrated some bacterial strains were present at a greater concentration in the high density fractions than in low density fractions. These strains were considered PAO candidates. 5 of 12 PAO candidates from high density fractions were γ Proteobacteria and only 1 was a β Proteobacterium. 2 PAO candidates were most similar to recently identified γ Proteobacteria sequences obtained by DGGE analysis of a deteriorated benchtop EBPR system.
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Albertsen, Mads, Aaron M. Saunders, Kåre L. Nielsen, and Per H. Nielsen. "Metagenomes obtained by ‘deep sequencing’ – what do they tell about the enhanced biological phosphorus removal communities?" Water Science and Technology 68, no. 9 (October 19, 2013): 1959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.441.
Full textAbstract:
Metagenomics enables studies of the genomic potential of complex microbial communities by sequencing bulk genomic DNA directly from the environment. Knowledge of the genetic potential of a community can be used to formulate and test ecological hypotheses about stability and performance. In this study deep metagenomics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to study a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), and the results were compared to an existing EBPR metagenome. EBPR is a widely used process that relies on a complex community of microorganisms to function properly. Insight into community and species level stability and dynamics is valuable for knowledge-driven optimization of the EBPR process. The metagenomes of the EBPR communities were distinct compared to metagenomes of communities from a wide range of other environments, which could be attributed to selection pressures of the EBPR process. The metabolic potential of one of the key microorganisms in the EPBR process, Accumulibacter, was investigated in more detail in the two plants, revealing a potential importance of phage predation on the dynamics of Accumulibacter populations. The results demonstrate that metagenomics can be used as a powerful tool for system wide characterization of the EBPR community as well as for a deeper understanding of the function of specific community members. Furthermore, we discuss and illustrate some of the general pitfalls in metagenomics and stress the need of additional DNA extraction independent information in metagenome studies.
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Matsuo, Yoshitaka. "Release of phosphorus from ash produced by incinerating waste activated sludge from enhanced biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1996): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0398.
Full textAbstract:
A technical problem involved in the phosphorus removal using the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process is disposal of the phosphorus rich waste sludge. There are possibilities that any phosphorus in the disposed sludge would release to water environment. If the release occurs, it will nullify the efforts made in wastewater treatment. This paper reports results of a preliminary study made to examine the fate of phosphorus in the ash is produced by incinerating waste sludge from a laboratory unit of the EBPR process. A large part of phosphorus in the ash released in a relatively short time. Most of the phosphorus released at a normal temperature was apparently polyphosphate. The release was very fast at a high temperature. The finding suggests that hot water elutriation could be used as a means of recovering phosphorus from the ash. It was also suggested that the release could be prevented by adding an appropriate amount of iron to the sludge to be incinerated. The released phosphorus was susceptible to precipitation by metals, especially iron.
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He, S., A. Z. Gu, and K. D. McMahon. "Fine-scale differences between Accumulibacter-like bacteria in enhanced biological phosphorus removal activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.378.
Full textAbstract:
A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and six full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were surveyed. The abundance of Accumulibacter-related organisms in the full-scale plants was investigated using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Accumulibacter-related organisms were present in all of the full-scale EBPR plants, at levels ranging from 9% to 24% of total cells. The high percentage of Accumulibacter-related organisms seemed to be associated with configurations which minimize the nitrate recycling to the anaerobic zone and low influent BOD:TP ratios. PCR-based clone libraries were constructed from the community 16S rRNA gene plus the internally transcribed spacer region amplified from the SBR and five of the full-scale WWTPs. Comparative sequence analysis was carried out using Accumulibacter-related clones, providing higher phylogenetic resolution and revealing finer-scale clustering of the sequences retrieved from the SBR and full-scale EBPR plants.
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Liu, Y., S. Yu, G. Xue, and F. Zhao. "Role of extracellular exopolymers in biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 8 (October 1, 2006): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.855.
Full textAbstract:
Three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) supplied with different carbon sources were investigated. The system supplied with glucose gained the best enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), although all of them were seeded from the same sludge. With the measurement of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) concentration, phosphorus content in sludge and extracellular exopolymers (EPs) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), it was found that the biosorption effect of EPs played an important role in phosphorus removal and that the amount of PHA at the end of anaerobic phase was not the only key factor to determine the following phosphorus removal efficiency.
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Ong, Y. H., A. S. M. Chua, B. P. Lee, and G. C. Ngoh. "Long-term performance evaluation of EBPR process in tropical climate: start-up, process stability, and the effect of operational pH and influent C:P ratio." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.552.
Full textAbstract:
To date, little information is known about the operation of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process in tropical climates. Along with the global concerns on nutrient pollution and the increasing array of local regulatory requirements, the applicability and compliance accountability of the EBPR process for sewage treatment in tropical climates is being evaluated. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with seed sludge from a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process was successfully acclimatized to EBPR conditions at 28 °C after 13 days' operation. Enrichment of Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis in the SBR was confirmed through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The effects of operational pH and influent C:P ratio on EBPR were then investigated. At pH 7 or pH 8, phosphorus removal rates of the EBPR processes were relatively higher when operated at C:P ratio of 3 than C:P ratio of 10, with 0.019–0.020 and 0.011–0.012 g-P/g-MLVSS•day respectively. One-year operation of the 28 °C EBPR process at C:P ratio of 3 and pH 8 demonstrated stable phosphorus removal rate of 0.020 ± 0.003 g-P/g-MLVSS•day, corresponding to effluent with phosphorus concentration <0.5 mg/L. This study provides the first evidence on good EBPR activity at relatively high temperature, indicating its applicability in a tropical climate.
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Tykesson, E., L. E. Jönsson, and J. la Cour Jansen. "Experience from 10 years of full-scale operation with enhanced biological phosphorus removal at Öresundsverket." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0451.
Full textAbstract:
Ten years of full-scale experience with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been evaluated. During the start-up period lack of carbon source was the main operational problem and a higher level of volatile fatty acids was secured by introducing a primary sludge hydrolysis. Acidic thermal sludge hydrolysis was used as the sludge treatment method at the plant during about three years. One effluent stream, rich in carbon and precipitant, was brought back to the process leading to an improvement of the phosphorus removal both by an improved biological process and chemical precipitation. A quite stable process of EBPR was developed with low levels of effluent phosphorus concentration. Stringent effluent discharge limits during short evaluation periods necessitated a continued work for improvement of the short-term stability. During periods with lack of carbon, such as industrial holiday or rainy periods, both simultaneous precipitation and reduced aeration have been successfully tested as strategies for securing low levels of effluent phosphorus.
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Randall, Andrew Amis, Larry D. Benefield, William E. Hill, Jean-Paul Nicol, Gerald K. Boman, and Jing Shuh-Ren. "The effect of volatile fatty acids on enhanced biological phosphorus removal and population structure in anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0035.
Full textAbstract:
Three anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated for 5 1/2 years. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in influent wastewater for two of the SBRs (the Glucose 1 and 2 SBRs) resulted in optimization of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), and a bacterial population capable of increasing phosphorus (P) removals in response to increased VFA or P concentration. Another SBR not receiving VFAs (the Starch SBR) showed marginal EBPR and was incapable of either response. All three anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) showed bounded oscillations in P removal that did not correspond to any operational or environmental change. The oscillations were probably associated with interspecies population dynamics intensified due to the periodic, unsteady-state, nature of the SBR process. The glucose SBRs also showed an additional type of variability associated with EBPR, probably from competition between poly-P and “G” bacteria for readily available substrate (i.e. glucose, VFAs) during anaerobiosis. The predominant bacterial isolates from the glucose SBRs were Pseudomonas and Bacillus while Aeromonas was isolated most frequently from the Starch SBR. The relatively slow growth rate of Pseudomonas may have contributed to the high variability of EBPR observed. Fractal analysis indicated overall variability may have been chaotic, but was inconclusive.
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Mesquita, Daniela P., A. Luís Amaral, Cristiano Leal, Mónica Carvalheira, Jorge R. Cunha, Adrian Oehmen, Maria A. M. Reis, and Eugénio C. Ferreira. "Monitoring intracellular polyphosphate accumulation in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems by quantitative image analysis." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 11 (March 28, 2014): 2315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.146.
Full textAbstract:
A rapid methodology for intracellular storage polyphosphate (poly-P) identification and monitoring in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems is proposed based on quantitative image analysis (QIA). In EBPR systems, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) is usually combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate the microbial community. The proposed monitoring technique is based on a QIA procedure specifically developed for determining poly-P inclusions within a biomass suspension using solely DAPI by epifluorescence microscopy. Due to contradictory literature regarding DAPI concentrations used for poly-P detection, the present work assessed the optimal DAPI concentration for samples acquired at the end of the EBPR aerobic stage when the accumulation occurred. Digital images were then acquired and processed by means of image processing and analysis. A correlation was found between average poly-P intensity values and the analytical determination. The proposed methodology can be seen as a promising alternative procedure for quantifying intracellular poly-P accumulation in a faster and less labour-intensive way.
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Martín, Héctor García, Natalia Ivanova, Victor Kunin, Falk Warnecke, Kerrie W. Barry, Alice C. McHardy, Christine Yeates, et al. "Metagenomic analysis of two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludge communities." Nature Biotechnology 24, no. 10 (September 24, 2006): 1263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1247.
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Maurer, M., and W. Gujer. "Prediction of the performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (September 1, 1994): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0284.
Full textAbstract:
A static model is introduced, which allows for the estimation of the performance of a full scale EBPR plant. The model is based on the assumption that the readily biodegradable substrate from the influent and the total COD-turnover in the anaerobic zone determine the amount of phosphorus contained within phosphorus accumulating organisms. Model predictions are based on wastewater composition, operating temperature, effects of oxygen and nitrate addition to the anaerobic reactor, solids retention time and anaerobic mass fraction of the activated sludge. The model is calibrated with full scale experience and may be useful for the analysis of plant performance as well as the design of new treatment plants.
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Randall, A. A., L. D. Benefield, and W. E. Hill. "The effect of fermentation products on enhanced biological phosphorus removal, polyphosphate storage, and microbial population dynamics." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (September 1, 1994): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0271.
Full textAbstract:
Using anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) it was found that pre-fermentation of influent glucose resulted in a microbial population capable of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Batch tests indicated the C1-C5 carboxylic acids, except propionate, typically improved phosphorus removal. Branched molecules were superior to their linear isomers. The C1-C5 alcohols did not affect removal. Glucose, propionate, and an amino-acid rich substrate were detrimental. Using NMR spectroscopy it was observed that intracellular forms and locations of phosphorus did not change regardless of the substrate received. Polyphosphate (polyP) was present throughout the cells at the end of aerobiosis. It then degraded to inorganic phosphate via a zero-order enzymatic reaction concentrated at the cell membrane. An anaerobic/aerobic SBR receiving starch, rather than glucose fermentation products, showed only marginal EBPR and did not respond to carboxylic acids or other substrates in batch tests. Pseudomonas and Bacillus were numerous in the glucose system but were not isolated from the starch system. Aeromonas were dominant in the starch system. Although the glucose system showed better phosphorus removal than the starch system, it also showed greater variability. Phosphorus removal varied in a chaotic, but bounded, manner, probably due to population dynamics.
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Lee, J., J. Kim, C. Lee, Z. Yun, and E. Choi. "Biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal with biological aerated filter using denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organism." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0737.
Full textAbstract:
In order to accomplish the biological nutrient removal with a weak sewage at low temperature, a hybrid process consisted of anoxic denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organism (dPAO) and nitrifying biological aerated filter (BAF) was studied in both lab and field pilot plants with weak sewage. The biofilm BAF was used as a post-nitrification process that provided sufficient nitrate to suspended growth dPAO. The anoxic/BAF configuration could remove nitrogen and phosphorus appreciably compared to other BNR systems. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was mainly occurred in anoxic zone of suspended growth reactor. It has been found that P removal efficiency of dPAO was enhanced with an addition of a short oxic zone in suspended reactors compared to that of without oxic zone. However, the degree of aerobic P uptake in oxic zone was far lower than anoxic P uptake. The operating results of field plant indicated that dPAO/BAF configuration successfully reduced the adverse temperature effects at lower than 15°C.
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Ge, Yan Hui, Lin Zhao, Ruo Chun Zhang, and Yun Jie Liu. "Optimization and Application of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Assay for Detecting Polyphosphate - Accumulating Microorganisms." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1369.
Full textAbstract:
Laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated on activated sludge processes were used to study enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) from wastewater. Polyphosphate-accumulating microorganisms (PAOs) play an important role during the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to assess the proportions of microorganisms in the sludge. The aim of this study was to optimize hybridization of PAOMIX and RHC439 probes by orthogonal design. Orthogonal optimization test of the four factors were conducted under the individual three levels. The optimal hybridizition conditions were as follow: hybridization temperature 46°C, hybridization time 2.5h, washing time 15min, formamide concentration 35%(PAOMIX probe); hybridization temperature 50°C, hybridization time 2.5h, washing time 20min, formamide concentration 20% (RHC439 probe).
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Heinzmann, B. "Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0734.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.