Relevant bibliographies by topics / English language Temporal clauses

Academic literature on the topic 'English language Temporal clauses'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "English language Temporal clauses"

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Guerrero, Lilián. "When-clauses and temporal meanings across languages." Folia Linguistica 55, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 35–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2070.

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Abstract Typological studies have tended to take for granted the default interpretation for English and imposed ‘simultaneity’ as the basic meaning of when-clauses for all languages. This in opposition to the approach taken in reference grammars, which generally report temporal linkage markers like when as encoding one or several meanings. Data from languages other than English show that comparative studies should also be open to the possibility that when-clauses do not always, or only, denote simultaneity. To support this claim and argue against the default interpretation of simultaneity, in this study I explore the range of temporal meanings of when-clauses across languages and provide evidence from Spanish and Yaqui corpora. Unlike English, corpus-based studies show that Spanish equivalent cuando-clauses equally introduce simultaneous and sequential readings, while Yaqui o-/kai-clauses predominantly express sequential meanings. Furthermore, a convenience sample of 28 unrelated languages reveals that, if there is a when-clause in a language, it can locate the event of the adverbial clause earlier, later, or around the same time as the main clause. The analysis of the semantic side of when-clauses demonstrates that there are language-specific tendencies regarding their temporal meanings. On these grounds, I propose that a better understanding of when-clauses can be arrived at by classifying them as ‘unspecific’ temporal clauses. This categorization would motivate a richer analysis of new data and a systematic comparison between unspecific, simultaneous and sequential clauses. Finally, I advance a four-way classification regarding general versus specific markers, and the temporal relations they encode, two of which account for most languages analyzed.
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Li, Wenwen, and Yijun Long. "A Development Study on the Ordering Distribution of Temporal Adverbial Clauses by Chinese EFL Learners Based on Dependency Treebank." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 45, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2022-0404.

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Abstract Temporal adverbial clause is an important language structure and exhibits different features in English and Chinese, which brings about difficulties for Chinese EFL learners. Based on the theory of Dependency Grammar, the study attempts to investigate the ordering distribution of temporal adverbial clauses by Chinese EFL learners at the beginning, intermediate and advanced levels. The results show that: 1) Chinese EFL learners at different proficiencies tend to precede temporal adverbial clause to main clause. With the increase of proficiency, the postposition of temporal adverbial clauses by learners increases and is approaching to the ordering preference of target language. 2) The ordering distribution of subordinators for temporal adverbial clauses by Chinese EFL learners is consistent with native English, showing a tendency of 100% preposition, which ascribes to the high frequency and salience of subordinators in English. 3) MDD is one of the significant motivations that cause the preference of prepositional temporal adverbial clauses by Chinese EFL learners. As a kind of natural language, interlanguage has a unique cognitive mechanism which distinguishes from both native and target language. This study provides a more comprehensive theoretical reference for learners at different proficiencies to understand and learn temporal adverbial clauses, as well as data support from empirical research for language teaching.
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Broccias, Cristiano. "The construal of simultaneity in English with special reference to as-clauses." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4 (October 25, 2006): 97–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.4.05bro.

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This paper investigates how simultaneity between two events, a main clause event and a subordinate clause event, is coded in English. It focuses on as-clauses but also contrasts them with while-clauses. It argues that as-clauses evoke path events, i.e. events susceptible to change. It also points out that as-clauses define a family resemblance network in that different, though related, variants can be recognised. While-clauses are argued to generally evoke larger and more stable temporal configurations, e.g. properties. The different behaviour of as-clauses and while-clauses is related to the different lexical status of as vs. while. The former is analysed as a subordinator unspecified for temporality whereas the latter is regarded as a temporal subordinator by default. Finally, the use of progressive aspect is discussed. It is argued to function as a “slow motion” marker in as-clauses and/or to signal a contrast between the temporal expanses of the main and as-clauses. By contrast, it takes on a transience-highlighting function in while-clauses.
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PENTREL, MEIKE. "Connecting the present and the past: cognitive processing and the position of adverbial clauses in Samuel Pepys's Diary." English Language and Linguistics 21, no. 2 (July 2017): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674317000120.

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The present article studies the linear order of main and temporal adverbial clauses in theDiary of Samuel Pepys (1660–1669). In the development of a framework that combines cognitive and historical data, processing principles identified for Present-day English (e.g. Prideaux 1989; Diessel 2008) are tested for this ego-document from the seventeenth century. The factors investigated are the iconic temporal order of both clauses, the length of the adverbial clause and the implied meaning of the clauses. Moreover, the discourse function of the respective clauses will be discussed. On the basis of the Uniformitarian Principle, the present study assumes that processing principles that are valid for Present-day English predict the position of the clause in past language stages to a similar extent.
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Dickins, James. "Cumulative difference and catastrophic change." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2005): 262–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.51.3.04dic.

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Abstract This paper shows how various problematic features of the translation into English of Arabic (??) ??? / bacda (‘an) “after” may combine, initially incrementally, but ultimately in a “catastrophic” manner (cf. Woodcock and Davis 1980), at which point the translator is forced to engage in significant TT restructuring. The paper provides a basic temporal definition of (??) ??? / bacda (‘an) (Section 1). It introduces the notion of informational incongruity (Section 2), and develops this in relation to the informational pairs: theme/rheme, and foregrounding/backgrounding. While final adjunct and sentential relative clauses in English cannot be foregrounded, final disjunct clauses can be (Section 3). Some Arabic final subordinate clauses can be foregrounded, whose obvious English translation equivalents cannot; direct (literal) translations into English of these Arabic ST structures accordingly result in informational incongruity (Section 4). The fact that (??) ??? / bacda (‘an) may have a temporal+causal or temporal+adversative interpretation, unlike the purely temporal English “after” or “following” can also contribute to informational incongruity in translation (Section 5). In some cases, a final ?? ??? / bacda ‘an in a temporal+causal sense occurs in a context which requires that the ?? ??? / bacda ‘an clause be backgrounded. A direct English translation using “since” (a causal with available temporal implications), results in a foregrounded final disjunct clause in the English TT, as well as yielding other denotative problems. At this point, only a catastrophic translation solution seems acceptable, involving significant TT restructuring (Section 6).
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HAEGEMAN, LILIANE. "The movement analysis of temporal adverbial clauses." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 3 (October 19, 2009): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309990165.

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In the literature it has been proposed that temporal adverbial clauses can be derived by wh-movement of an operator (e.g. when) to the left periphery (Geis 1970, 1975; Enç 1987: 655; Larson 1987, 1990; Dubinsky & Williams 1995; Declerck 1997; Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria 2004: 165–70). After reviewing the arguments that have been proposed in favour of such a movement analysis, the article provides additional empirical evidence in support of the analysis. The data concern so-called Main Clause Phenomena (MCP) or Root phenomena, that is, syntactic phenomena such as argument fronting, Locative Inversion, preposing around be, VP preposing and Negative Inversion, which in English are by and large restricted to main clauses. The unavailability of these MCP in temporal adverbial clauses follows directly from the movement account. The movement analysis will be extended to conditional clauses and factive clauses.
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Vikner, Carl. "The semantics of Scandinavian ‘when’-clauses." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 27, no. 2 (November 17, 2004): 133–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586504001209.

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The system of temporal connectives in Scandinavian exhibits an interesting variation in that Danish, like e.g. German, is a two-‘when’ language, i.e. it has two temporal connectives that have divided between them the semantic area covered in English by the single connective when. One of the two Danish connectives (da) is restricted to past episodic clauses, while the other one (når) may be used in past and present habitual clauses and in future clauses. Swedish, on the other hand, like e.g. English, is a one-‘when’ language: it has only one temporal connective corresponding to the two Danish ones, whereas Norwegian presents an intermediate situation, possibly a stage in the development from a two-‘when’ to a one-‘when’ system. This paper proposes a semantic analysis of the two ‘when’s in Danish: On the one hand, the semantics of da-clauses is similar to the semantics of definite DPs in that a da-clause presupposes that, in the current discourse situation, there is one and only one eventuality corresponding to the description it conveys. This makes it possible for a da-clause to have a reference-setting function with respect to its superordinate clause. On the other hand, når-clauses are similar to indefinite DPs in that they contribute propositions with an unbound eventuality argument, and therefore they yield descriptions of eventualities that never get referentially bound, but always occur in the scope of a non-existential quantifier. This restricts the use of når-clauses to habitual sentences and future sentences. This analysis involves the elaboration of a novel and more adequate formal semantic description of habitual sentences.
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Ngo, Thanh. "A comparative account of the interpretation of temporal relations in narrative in Vietnamese and English." Languages in Contrast 15, no. 2 (November 6, 2015): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.2.03ngo.

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This paper provides a comparative account of the interpretation of temporal relations in Vietnamese and English narrative, using a bi-directional corpus of 3,082 clauses of narrative passages originally written in Vietnamese and their English translations and 3,124 clauses of narrative passages originally written in English and their Vietnamese translations. It is shown that the principles for the interpretation of temporal relations between situations in narrative are similar for both English and Vietnamese despite the fact that English has a well-developed tense system, while Vietnamese is a widely-known tenseless language. The principles are based on the temporal properties of situation aspect and the discourse relations between the clauses, which are elicited from pragmatic inferences.
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Arregui, Ana, and Kiyomi Kusumoto. "Tense in Temporal Adjunct Clauses." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 8 (October 6, 1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v8i0.2814.

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The behaviour of tense in subordinate clauses is not uniform across languages and theories that deal with the interpretation of tense try to explain this. The interpretation of past and present tense in complement clauses is one of the well known puzzles. Languages differ on this respect, and have been classified accordingly as sequence of tense languages (e.g. English) and non-sequence of tense languages (e.g. Japanese). In this paper we will be concerned mainly with the interpretation of tenses in temporal adjunct clauses (TACs). We will discuss the analysis proposed by Ogihara [1994, 1996] and argue that the differences in tense distribution that we observe between English and Japanese TACs are not to be explained as a case of sequence of tense.
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Zhao, Lucy Xia. "Ultimate attainment of anaphora resolution in L2 Chinese." Second Language Research 30, no. 3 (June 3, 2014): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658314521107.

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The current study tests the Interface Hypothesis through forward and backward anaphora in complex sentences with temporal subordinate clauses in highly proficient English-speaking learners’ second-language (L2) Chinese. Forward anaphora is involved when the overt pronoun ta ‘he/she’ or a null element appears in the subject position of the main clause, whereas backward anaphora is involved when it is in the subject position of the temporal clause, because the main clause always follows the temporal clause in Chinese. Specifically, the article tests the syntactic and discourse constraints in the interpretation and representation of ta and the null element in complex sentences. Ta is constrained by the syntactic cyclic-c-command condition. Thus it is possible for ta to refer to the other sentential subject in forward anaphora, but not in backward anaphora in Chinese. Unlike English, Chinese allows a null element in subject positions of finite subordinate and main clauses. It is proposed in the article that the null element in these positions is a Øtopic, a syntax–discourse interface category. Results from an acceptability judgement task and a picture judgment task indicate that Øtopic at the external interface has been acquired, whereas the cyclic-c-command condition within narrow syntax is fossilized in L2 Chinese.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "English language Temporal clauses"

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Rönnerdal, Göran. "Temporal Subordinators and Clauses in Early Modern English : Stability and Change." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327040.

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My work is a corpus-based investigation of the use and development of temporal subordinators and clauses in Early Modern British English (EModE).  The focus of the project is on the forms, structure, meanings, and history of these subordinators and clauses. My primary aim is to analyse stability and change in temporal subordinators and clauses across the EModE period; second comes the study of linguistic features, such as aspect, tense, mood and modality, ellipsis and non-finite forms, positions, coordination, and subordination of the temporal clauses. In addition, I examine the progress of these subordinators, and WHEN in particular, across text categories, text types, and the sub-periods. Regarding temporal subordinators, I account for the use of simple, complex, and correlative forms. I also address alternative expressions of temporal subordinators such as the repetition and replacement of temporal subordinators. The influence of negation on the choice of subordinators, and the modification patterns of subordinators are also treated. Primary meanings of anteriority, simultaneity, and posteriority as well as secondary meanings of temporal subordinators are studied. I uncover the evolution of temporal subordinators and trace their various forms, as far back as possible to the Old English and Middle English periods. I also make some comparisons with Present-day English. The investigation is based on the EModE section of the computerized Helsinki Corpus of English Texts and the manual literary Major Authors Corpus which I designed for the purposes of the study. Consequently, my study is carried out within corpus linguistics methodology. All in all, the primary material yielded 3,269 instances of 17 different prototypical temporal subordinators, called sub-types.
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Hsieh, Fang-Yen. "Relative clause acquisition in second language Chinese and second language English." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709395.

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So, Lai-yin. "A study of the nominal and relative clauses in Hong Kong English." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23472790.

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McGarry, Theresa, and J. Mwinyelle. "Adverbial Clauses and Gender in English and Spanish." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6155.

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HIRATA, KAYOKO. "TEMPORAL PROPERTIES IN JAPANESE (TENSE, CONDITIONALS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184065.

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This dissertation is concerned with the relationship between morphological tense forms of Japanese, such as (r)u ("non-past") and ta ("past"), and their temporal interpretation. The goal of the research reported here is to establish a simple overall theory. The analysis focuses on the following sentence types: simple sentences, complex sentences (without conditional sentences), conditional complex sentences and sentences with an embedded clause. We will show here a few examples of problems as to temporal interpretations. In simple sentences, there are cases such as (1), which deviate from the norm of "normal" interpretation. Sentence (1) (with the “past” form of ta) can be uttered felicitously even in a situation where the bus in question has not yet arrived. (1)Busu ga ki-ta! Bus nom come-ta ‘The bus is coming.’ Or ‘The bus has come.’ In complex sentences, the antecedent clause in sentences with toki 'when', can take either (r)u or ta forms in sentence (2), while it cannot take the ta form in sentence 93), although the antecedent clauses in both sentences are interpreted as non-past. (2) Kondo a-u/at-ta toki, hanashi-ma-su. Next-time see-(r)u/see-ta toki talk-polite-(r)u ‘Next time when (I) see (you), (I) will tell (it to you).’ (3)Yuushoku o su-ru/*shi-ta toki, biiru o nom-u. supper acc do-(r)u/do-ta toki beer acc drink-(r)u ‘When (I) take supper, (I) will drink beer.’ In regard to conditional complex sentences, there can be a problem interpreting ta, as in hypothetical sentence (4) below. The ta of the consequent clause in example (4) cannot be evaluated (interpreted) as being the same as the ta in example (5) where we have an indicative sentence. (4) Taroo wa benkyoo shi-ta ra, shaken ni pasu shi-ta (no ni). Taro top study do-ta ra exam in pass do-ta (SFP-‘wishing’) ‘Had Taro studied, he should/would have passed the exam.’ (5) Taroo wa shiken ni pasu shi-ta. ‘Taro passed the exam.’ In this account the morphemes (r)u and ta will be associated with a single interpretation. Therefore, the difference between (2) and (3) will be attributed to two distinct modes of composition. In order to solve the problem of simple sentences wuch as (1) (which deviate from the norm of "normal interpretations"), a pragmatic (contextual) approach will be introduced. In regard to conditional sentences, interpretations will be classified on the basis of truth relations and temporal interpretations of antecedent and consequent. In order to treat the range of observed truth relations, a model of time and worlds will be introduced. In summary, in order to solve the problematic phenomena of relationships between the tense forms and their interpretations, the following approaches will be taken: (i) Use of a time model; (ii) Analysis of lexical properties; (iii) Sentence composition; (iv) Contextual analysis for pragmatic aspects.
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Lee, Il-jae. "Development of morphosyntactic features of the complementizer phrase in L2 relative clauses of Korean learners." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian and African Languages, 2006.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-165). Also issued in print.
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Ng, Ka Ian. "The acquisition of English Wh-relative clauses by Cantonese-speaking Chinese learners of English in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2456349.

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Chan, Kit-wah. "An investigation of Hong Kong Chinese ESL learners' processing difficulty in the comprehension and production of relative clauses." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31603312.

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So, Lai-yin, and 蘇麗妍. "A study of the nominal and relative clauses in Hong Kong English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953244.

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Chan, Cecilia Yuet Hung. "The aquisition of restrictive relative clauses by Chinese L1 learners of L2 English." Thesis, University of Essex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282526.

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Books on the topic "English language Temporal clauses"

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Declerck, Renaat. When-clauses and temporal structure. London: Routledge, 1997.

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Ri͡abova, M. I͡U. Vremennai͡a referent͡sii͡a v angliĭskom i͡azyke: Pragmasemanticheskiĭ aspekt. Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat, 1993.

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Sandström, Görel. When-clauses and the temporal interpretation of narrative discourse. Umeå: Department of General Linguistics, University of Umeå, 1993.

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Construcciones temporales. Madrid: Areo Libros, 1996.

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Temporale Satzverbindungen in altosmanischen Prosatexten: Mit einer Teiledition aus Behcetüʾl-Ḥadāʾiq (1303 und 1429), Muqaddime-i Quṭbeddīn (1433) und Ferec baʻdeʾş-şidde (1451). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2005.

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Kordić, Snježana. Relativna rečenica. Zagreb, Croatia: Hrvatsko filološko društvo, 1995.

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Kordić, Snježana. Der Relativsatz im Serbokroatischen. München, Germany: Lincom Europa, 1999.

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Riggs, Ann. Phrases, clauses and conjunctions. Mankato, MN: Creative Paperbacks, 2011.

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Phrases, clauses and conjunctions. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2012.

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Rudanko, Martti Juhani. Prepositions and complement clauses: A syntactic and semantic study of verbs governing prepositions and complement clauses in present-day English. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "English language Temporal clauses"

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Leech, Geoffrey. "Grammar: Phrases (and Clauses)." In English Language, 130–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07789-9_7.

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Leech, Geoffrey. "Grammar: Clauses (and Sentences)." In English Language, 151–69. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07789-9_8.

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Leech, Geoffrey. "Grammar: Phrases (and Clauses)." In English Language, 82–100. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57185-4_6.

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Leech, Geoffrey. "Grammar: Clauses (and Sentences)." In English Language, 101–18. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57185-4_7.

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Stirling, Lesley. "Isolatedif-clauses in Australian English." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 273. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.45.18sti.

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Harris, Martin B. "Concessive clauses in English and Romance." In Typological Studies in Language, 71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.18.06har.

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Greenbaum, Sidney, and Gerald Nelson. "Elliptical clauses in spoken and written English." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 111. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.45.10gre.

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Bacskai-Atkari, Julia. "Changes affecting relative clauses in Late Modern English." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 92–115. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.214.04bac.

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Wang, Yue, and Dawn Behne. "Temporal remnants from Mandarin in nonnative English speech." In Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning, 167–84. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.17.17wan.

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Siemund, Peter. "Chapter 10. English exclamative clauses and interrogative degree modification." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 207–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.189.11sie.

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Conference papers on the topic "English language Temporal clauses"

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Kumar Santhosh, Shashwath, Sushanth R. Kayshap, Shloka Reddy Lakka, and Arti Arya. "Signed English Recognition with Spatio-Temporal Graphs and Language Modelling." In 2022 IEEE 7th International conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct54291.2022.9824226.

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Mosbach, Marius, Stefania Degaetano-Ortlieb, Marie-Pauline Krielke, Badr M. Abdullah, and Dietrich Klakow. "A Closer Look at Linguistic Knowledge in Masked Language Models: The Case of Relative Clauses in American English." In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: International Committee on Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.67.

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Mosbach, Marius, Stefania Degaetano-Ortlieb, Marie-Pauline Krielke, Badr M. Abdullah, and Dietrich Klakow. "A Closer Look at Linguistic Knowledge in Masked Language Models: The Case of Relative Clauses in American English." In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: International Committee on Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.67.

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Grujić, Tatjana. "L2 TENSE TRANSFER IN EFL LEARNING." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.441g.

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In second language acquisition (SLA) transfer is predominantly explored as either positive or negative influence of learners’ first language (L1) on their second/foreign language (L2) performance. Studies in this field serve not only to describe the learner’s interlanguage, but also to inform, improve and refine foreign language teaching. However, the scope of SLA studies is such that it leaves the other transfer direction under-researched (L2 to L1), assuming that once the learner’s L1 system has fully developed, their L1 competence will not be subject to change. More recent studies of adult bilinguals have shown a bidirectional interaction between the two linguistic systems: not only does L1 influence L2, but L2 influences L1 as well. In this study, conducted among adult students of English (B2 to C1 level language users, according to CEFR), we examine the influence of English as a foreign language upon Serbian as a native tongue in terms of tense transfer. More precisely, the study explores how the subjects interpret and translate the secondary meanings of the English past tense. The basic meaning of the past tense is to locate an event (or state) in the past. However, in its secondary meanings (backshift past in reported clauses, counterfactual present in adverbial clauses of condition and ‘past subjunctive’ when expressing wishes and regrets) it does not refer to the past time. The error analysis of students’ English to Serbian translations provides evidence of L2 influence: learners tend to use the Serbian past rather than the present tense in their translations. Pedagogical implications of this study of misuse of L1 tense include focusing on explicit corrective feedback and polishing instructional materials.
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Parish, David H., George Sperling, and Michael S. Landy. "Intelligent Temporal Subsampling of American Sign Language Using Event Boundaries." In Applied Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/av.1989.wd4.

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American Sign Language (ASL) is a gestural form of communication used by the North American deaf and hearing impaired communities. In free conversation, ASL is as rapid a form of communication as most spoken languages, including English. Yet, users of ASL are prevented from using their most efficient form of communication over long distances by the absence of affordable, high bandwidth communication technology. Use of the existing, low bandwidth telephone switching network for ASL video transmission requires substantial signal compression. To insure that the ASL signal remains useful following compression, we must first determine the visual requirements for intelligible ASL.
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Selezneva, Olga Nikolaevna. "Categories of Aspect and Mood in Old English." In VI International Conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-101486.

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The article discusses the categories of aspect and mood in the Old English language. The category of aspect’s formation, which performed the primary grammatical function in Old English, must be considered together with temporal oppositions’ development, since Old English forms simultaneously transmitted aspectual information. As for the Old English mood, the optative one with the verbs sculan/willan is of particular interest, because its development went along several directions with the transformation into modern constructions shall/will + infinitive, should/would + infinitive.
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Malá, Markéta. "English and Czech children’s literature: A contrastive corpus-driven phraseological approach." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-8.

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The paper explores the recurrent linguistic patterns in English and Czech children’s narrative fiction and their textual functions. It combines contrastive phraseological research with corpus-driven methods, taking frequency lists and n-grams as its starting points. The analysis focuses on the domains of time, space and body language. The results reveal register-specific recurrent linguistic patterns which play a role in the constitution of the fictional world of children’s literature, specifying its temporal and spatial characteristics, and relating to the communication among the protagonists. The method used also points out typological differences between the patterns employed in the two languages, and the limitations of the n-gram based approach.
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Salih, Rashwan. "12th International Conference on Educational Studies and Applied Linguistics." In 12th International Conference on Educational Studies and Applied Linguistics. Salahaddin University-Erbil, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31972/vesal12.03.

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This paper investigates the effect of using discourse markers on the writing skills of Kurdish university students. By revising the related literature, it appeared that so far there is no consensus on the actual effect of the explicit presence of discourse markers on foreign language writing. Many studies concluded that different discourse markers have different effects on the writing of foreign language learners (Morell, 2004; Ying, 2007; Castro and Marcela 2009; Dariush and Mohamad 2015, etc.). The current research tries to find out if there are any cross-linguistic factors that could cause issues for students in EFL modules. Data for the current study were collected from essays written by Kurdish students at the English Department in Salahaddin University, Erbil. In total, 20 essays were received with total of 19872 words and total 261 DMs were found in the data. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to analyse the data. The raw frequencies of the DMs were: Additive (101 = 0.5 %), Adversative (45 = 0.22 %), Causal / Conditional (83 = 0.4 %), and Temporal (32 = 0.16 %). The findings suggested that level of attention to and appropriate use of discourse markers were significantly unbalanced, and various misuses were found. Sample errors in using the DMs were selected for a qualitative analysis. It is recommended that discourse markers are taught individually not in groups with more focus on the more difficult discourse marker types.
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Reports on the topic "English language Temporal clauses"

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Bailey, Audrey. The Effect of Extended Instruction on Passive Voice, Reduced Relative Clauses, and Modal Would in the Academic Writing of Advanced English Language Learners. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3194.

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