Relevant bibliographies by topics / English language Gerund

Academic literature on the topic 'English language Gerund'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "English language Gerund"

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Ojea López, Ana Isabel. "Propositional Gerunds in English and Spanish." Journal of English Studies 9 (May 29, 2011): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.170.

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This paper offers a characterization of Propositional Gerunds in English and Spanish that hinges on the different feature specification of the gerund morpheme in each language. I first propose an analysis of the construction in English as a defective clausal structure (AspP or TP), which can optionally project a [+N] feature in a GerP. Then I justify the same syntactic analysis for Spanish, but in this case the adverbial source of the V-ndo head prevents the projection of this nominal feature. My proposal is that most of the peculiarities of Propositional Gerunds in both languages actually follow from their defective structure and from the feature specification forced by the gerund suffix in each case. Along these lines I contrastively account for the syntactic positions in which a Propositional Gerund may appear, and also for its main structural characteristics, as the morphological Case of its subject or the (im)possibility of temporal/aspectual modification in the construction.
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DE SMET, HENDRIK. "Functional motivations in the development of nominal and verbal gerunds in Middle and Early Modern English." English Language and Linguistics 12, no. 1 (March 2008): 55–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067430700250x.

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This article examines the use of three gerund constructions in Middle and Early Modern English on the basis of corpus data covering the period 1250–1640. The constructions examined are verbal gerunds (eating the apple), bare nominal gerunds (eating of the apple), and definite nominal gerunds (the eating of the apple). It is argued that the success of verbal gerunds in the history of English can only be understood against the background of the interaction with their nominal counterparts. An analysis is offered of how the system of gerund constructions is functionally organised, comparing discourse-functional behaviour, distribution, and internal syntax across the three gerund types. It is shown that verbal gerunds closely resemble bare nominal gerunds in terms of discourse-functional behaviour and distribution, but are syntactically more flexible. As a result, verbal gerunds could replace bare nominal gerunds, copying their function but adding syntactic flexibility. By contrast, definite nominal gerunds, being functionally distinct from the other two types, developed a number of specialised uses, which ensured their survival. These conclusions throw light on issues of functional motivation in the development of the English gerund. Historical change is seen to be grounded in synchronic functional organisation. At the same time, it is shown that the only existing explanation for the rise of verbal gerunds (attributing their success to their ability to combine with prepositions) can only be partly correct.
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Maekelberghe, Charlotte. "The English gerund revisited." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 205–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0054.

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AbstractThis paper re-examines the semantics of Present-day English gerunds by analyzing their collocational preferences. While traditional approaches suggest that a semantic opposition between ‘actions’ and ‘facts’ determines the meaning as well as the distributional preferences of nominal (the signing of the contract) and verbal (signing the contract) gerunds, these claims have not been supported by quantitative evidence. At the same time, more recent studies which quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the meaning of gerunds from a referential perspective lack a distributional dimension. This study presents a semantic typology of the nouns and verbs that are attracted to nominal and verbal gerunds in noun and verb complementation structures by means of a distinctive collexeme analysis which has been applied to contextual collexemes. The analysis shows that, while nominal and verbal gerunds occur in clearly distinctive contexts, this distinction does not appear to be based on an action-fact dichotomy, but is rather determined by the more abstract features of conceptual (in)dependence and temporal flexibility. Finally, it is shown how these abstract semantic profiles can be filled in more concretely by specific contextual slots, thus arriving at a more fine-grained and dynamic perspective on the semantics of English gerunds.
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Raflis, Raflis, and Arozato Lase. "An Analysis of The English Gerund as Subject, Direct Object, Subject Complemet, and Object of Preposition." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 1, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v1i2.161.

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The problem in this journal is gerund, verbal ending -ing and serves as a noun. Gerund differs from grammar construction in English because it is able to convert a verb into a noun by adding -ing at the end of the verb. At the same time, there is also a continuous tense form that adds -ing at the end of the verb. For students who start learning English will be confused with the form -ing that can be a noun and also a verb in the same sentence. The method used is the method of distribution, the method of data analysis into object analysis is part of the language itself. Objects in the distribution method are always part or element of the language being observed. In analyzing the data, the authors use qualitative methods. Qualitative research is a type of social science research that collects and works with non-numerical data and which seeks to interpret the meaning of the data being analyzed. In this study, researchers used descriptive design with the aim to analyze gerund as subject, direct object, complement of subject, and object of preposition at Tempo magazine in 2015. The author finds gerund formulation as follows: Gerund as Subject (Main + Main Verb + Complement), gerund as Direct Object (Subject + Main Verb + Gerund), gerund as Subject Complement (Subject + to be + Gerund), and gerund as Object of Preposition (Subject + Primary Keyword + Preposition + Gerund). The study found that Tempo magazine used gerund in magazines with higher gerund percentages as the preposition object. There are 8 gerunds as the subject, 5 gerund as a direct object, 6 gerund as complementary subject, and 23 gerund as the preposition object.
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Jin, Yan, and Mingtuo Yang. "A Study of Three Variants of Gerund Construction from the Contrastive Perspective of Social and Natural Academic Abstracts on Construction Grammar Theory." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 43, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2020-0014.

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Abstract English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including “Gerund + ø”, “Gerund + of + NP”, and “Gerund + NP”. The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.
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Rohdenburg, Günter. "Rivalling Noun-Dependent Complements in Modern English: that‑Clauses and ‘Complex’ Gerunds." Anglia 137, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 217–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2019-0023.

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Abstract This corpus‑based paper explores the history and present status of the contrast between noun‑dependent that‑clauses and ‘complex’ gerunds containing their own subjects. With seven of the fifteen nouns under scrutiny, the emergence of the that‑clause either follows that of the gerund or the two complement types emerge at about the same time. This suggests that we will have to qualify the general assumption that since the eighteenth century English has promoted non‑finite subordinate clauses at the expense of finite ones. More crucially, with by far most of the nouns investigated, the that‑clause has gained much further ground over the last few centuries, with American English spearheading this development since the early nineteenth century. In line with the Complexity Principle, the grammatical environments favouring the more explicit that‑clause over the complex gerund include subject complexity and different types of structural discontinuity. Intriguingly, however, the easy‑to‑process there‑clause containing the nouns in question is also found to favour the that‑clause at the expense of the complex gerund.
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Fonteyn, Lauren, and Charlotte Maekelberghe. "Competing motivations in the diachronic nominalization of English gerunds." Diachronica 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 487–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17015.fon.

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Abstract The present study is an in-depth, corpus-based analysis of the rise and institutionalization of the indefinite nominal gerund in Late Modern English, considering the observed developments in light of their interactions with functionally related constructions. Based on historical data taken from the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts (version 3.1), we argue that the rise of indefinite nominal gerunds constitutes an instance of diachronic nominalization, in which the nominal gerund over time gradually comes to exploit a fuller range of paradigmatic properties associated with the nominal class. At the same time, this study investigates the potential influence of isomorphism on the observed developments. While the results do support the frequently investigated claim that language systems have a (weak) preference for a one-form-one-meaning organization in later stages of their development, the initial emergence of indefinite nominal gerunds can more accurately be explained by allowing system pressure as an enabling force of linguistic innovation. The picture presented in this study serves as evidence that the long-term development of linguistic constructions can be the result of competing – even maximally opposite – forces.
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Fanego, Teresa. "Developments in argument linking in early Modern English gerund phrases." English Language and Linguistics 2, no. 1 (May 1998): 87–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674300000708.

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This paper discusses the internal structure of eModE gerund phrases, with special reference to the verbalization of subjects and objects in the course of the period. It is shown that the gerund's acquisition of common case subjects (‘Johnlooking at me’) and of direct objects (‘by seeingJane’) correlates with style, the new verbalized complements being recorded first in the more oral and informal registers. Attention is also paid to the influence of absolute participles on the replacement of PossPs (‘John'slooking at me’) by NPs as subject arguments, and to the diffusion of direct objects across the various classes of gerunds. The mixed nomino-verbal properties exhibited by many gerundive nominals by the late seventeenth century are considered in detail, and an analysis is proposed which interprets them as determiner phrases (DPs) where the head D can select various categories of complements. Alongside this phrasal type of gerund, it is argued that a clausal one with fully verbal features must also be recognized as part of the grammar of eModE.
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Donner, Morton. "The gerund in middle English." English Studies 67, no. 5 (October 1986): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138388608598465.

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Dienhart, John M., and Leif Kvistgaard Jakobsen. "On Clauses, Syntagms, and the English Gerund." Journal of English Linguistics 18, no. 2 (October 1985): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542428501800203.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "English language Gerund"

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Vawser, Juliet Rosemarie. "An experiment testing the Bolinger principle to teach gerunds and infinitives." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3853.

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A group of 101 ESL learners ranging in the mid to upper intermediate level was randomly distributed among two groups--experimental and control. They were given three tests prior to the experiment and three tests after treatment. Both groups were given the same contextualized materials. However, the experimental group was taught gerunds and infinitives using the Bolinger principle whereas the control group was taught gerunds and infinitives by list memorization. Two hypotheses were posed: 1. Teaching ESL learners gerunds and infinitives using the Bolinger principle will result in significant improvement in discrete point tests. 2. Teaching ESL learners gerunds and infinitives using the Bolinger principle will result in significant improvement in the use of gerunds and infinitives in writing.
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Suzuki, Tatsuya. "The structure of English gerunds /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8399.

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Evaldsson, Sanna. "From to-infinitives to gerunds : - an essay on the translation of non-finite clauses." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5732.

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Title: From To-infinitives to Gerunds – an Essay on the Translation of Non-finite Clauses

Author: Sanna Evaldsson

The aim of this study is to find out how non-finite clauses are translated into Swedish and what translation strategies are applied in the process of translation. Non-finite clauses are very effective stylistic devises providing condensed and concise language, which is useful in academic texts. Even though English and Swedish are both languages of Germanic origin and share similarities, the translation of these clauses into can be difficult due to the languages’ different uses of non-finites.

To provide with material for this essay, a translation of a text written by Nicholas Cook has been made by the author of the essay and the two texts have been compared in order to make generalizations. The to-infinitive, the present participle, the past participle clauses and the gerund are features which are treated in this study. They are treated separately and their translations are compared with the secondary literature, which include grammars and books on translation theory.

The results for this study show that the translation strategies used for these types of clauses are ‘equivalence’, ‘structural shift’, ‘correspondence’, ‘transposition’ and ‘level shift’. The former three seem to be the most common, while the latter two are less frequently used.

 

Keywords: non-finite clauses, to-infinitive, present participle, past participle, gerund, translation.

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Westover, Daniel, and William Wright. "The World Is Charged: Poetic Engagements with Gerard Manley Hopkins." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://www.amzn.com/1942954204.

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The discovery of Gerard Manley Hopkins's poetry in the twentieth century was a revelation for postwar poets, who discovered in both Hopkins's style and subject matter a voice seemingly bottled for their own time. This influence has not faded in the twenty-first century; in fact, it has grown all the more pervasive as poets from many backgrounds and nations have found, in the voice of this nineteenth-century Jesuit, a revolutionary way of addressing contemporary concerns relating to human imagination, ecology, "green" ethics, the role of art, and individual spirituality. The poets collected in The World Is Charged: Poetic Engagements with Gerard Manley Hopkins engage with Hopkins in diverse ways. Some mention Hopkins or address some aspect of his life. Others channel his innovative poetics or address important Hopkinsian themes. All demonstrate the centrality of his influence in contemporary poetry. Unfortunately, critics have mostly neglected the importance of Hopkins as a contemporary model, instead pinning his influence to the early twentieth century. In a climate where high modernism, Whitmanic free verse, and the confessional lyric are often held up as contemporary poetry's dominant forerunners, this book proposes a more complex genealogy, tracing back to Hopkins and his influential early admirers current strands of emotional and spiritual openness, pleasure in word play and sonic textures, and veneration of the dynamic material world.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1156/thumbnail.jpg
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McDermott, Lydia Eva. "Gerard Manley Hopkins's poetic art as "current language heightened" : (with reference to selected sonnets and in the light of contemporary stylistic theory)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002019.

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The aim of this thesis is twofold: To examine Hopkins's writings on poetics and to relate these to modern theories of poetic stylistics; and to show, through an examination of two sets of Hopkins sonnets, the ways in which Hopkins's writings on language and poetics are reflected in his verse (Introductory outline, p. 5)
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Eros, Paul James. ""One of the most penetrating minds in England" : Gerald Heard and the British intelligentsia of the Interwar period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:44445caf-be0a-49e2-bd51-ebed4d33225c.

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Gerald Heard (1889-1971) was an influential figure among the intelligentsia of the 1930s, once described by E.M. Forster as “one of the most penetrating minds in England.” However, he remains an ill-defined footnote, a marginal figure whose influence and reputation, although acknowledged, remains unexamined. This dissertation examines his life and work, and considers the role which Heard, as a generaliser and public intellectual, played in the intellectual landscape of the 1930s. Central to Heard’s philosophy was a belief that society was in need of a spiritual and psychological force which could allow isolated individuals to participate in community with one another. Heard’s solution to bring about this evolution of consciousness would prove to be partly psychological, partly mystical and partly down to the product of a particular way of living. The first chapter outlines Heard’s philosophy in detail. Subsequent chapters are structured so as to provide a loose biographical chronology, each focussing on a different phase of Heard’s career and examining the development of his thought. Running throughout the dissertation is a consideration of Heard’s role as a public intellectual. It was as a popular ‘generaliser’ of thought that Heard found his public, and the limited degree of success he found as a man of action could be seen to be a natural limitation of the role he had constructed for himself. Chapter II focuses on Heard’s time as personal secretary to Sir Horace Plunkett, father of the Irish Co-Operative Movement, and how the ideals of this movement can be seen to inform his developing ideas of human community. Chapter III looks at Heard’s role as a broadcaster with the B.B.C., where he became a noted populariser of science, firmly establishing himself as a public figure and cultural authority. It is arguably this increased public profile which provided Heard with a ‘public’ to whom he could address his ideas. Chapter IV, drawing on archival material from Dartington Hall, considers Heard’s role as a lecturer at Dartington School, and more importantly his first experiment to establish a small ‘group’ for meditation in an attempt to discover the mystical and psychological basis for a co-operative society. Chapter V examines his career as an outspoken pacifist, where he would advance his arguments for a radical reorganisation of society as a practical solution to the question of peace and further attempt to become a man of action.
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Phillips, Nathan C. "Beyond Fidelity: Teaching Film Adaptations in Secondary Schools." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1910.pdf.

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Books on the topic "English language Gerund"

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Rodger, Cruden. Gerund the wizard. London: Heinemann Educational, 1988.

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The syntactic development of the gerund in Middle English. Tokyo: Nan'un-do, 1985.

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Duffley, Patrick J. The English gerund-participle: A comparison with the infinitive. New York: Peter Lang Pub., 2006.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. Non-finite complementation: A usage-based study of infinitive and -ing clauses in English. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2008.

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Kohnen, Thomas. Text, Textsorte, Sprachgeschichte: Englische Partizipial- und Gerundialkonstruktionen 1100 bis 1700. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2004.

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author, Cegłowski Piotr, Snarska Anna author, and Żychliński Sylwiusz author, eds. Minimalist facets of control: An English-Polish comparative overview of gerunds and infinitives. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2011.

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Text, Textsorte, Sprachgeschichte: Englische Partizipial- und Gerundialkonstruktionen 1100 bis 1700. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 2004.

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Giulio, Maestro, ed. Camping out: A book of action words. New York: Crown Publishers, 1985.

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Gomi, Tarō. Seeing, saying, doing, playing: A big book of action words. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1991.

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Räfibäyli, Günay. İngilis vä Azärbaycan dillärindä feli tärkiblär. Bakı: Nurlan, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "English language Gerund"

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Houston, A. "The English gerund." In Language Change and Variation, 173. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.52.10hou.

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Tajima, Matsuji. "39. The Compound Gerund in Early Modern English." In The Emergence of the Modern Language Sciences, 265. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.emls2.23taj.

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Kaleta, Agnieszka. "The Infinitive or the Gerund? Cognitive Linguistics in Teaching English Post-verbal Complementation." In Foreign Language Pedagogy in the Light of Cognitive Linguistics Research, 51–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58775-8_4.

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Lyne, Susanna. "Her daughter's being taken into careorher daughter being taken…? Genitive and common-case marking of subjects of verbal gerund clauses in Present-day English." In Studies in Language Variation, 311–33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.2.23lyn.

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Fonteyn, Lauren. "The English Gerund." In Categoriality in Language Change, 41–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917579.003.0003.

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This chapter gives an overview of the history of the English gerund, describing the attested morphosyntactic developments and assessing the functional explanations that have been provided to explain the observed changes in its structural makeup. It gives an overview of the remaining lacunae in our understanding of how the English gerund developed, and suggests how these lacunae can be addressed. At the end of this chapter, a different functional approach to the history of the English gerund is presented, which is based on the functional-semantic model of categoriality presented in Chapter 2. Here, it is set out how the abstract nominal and verbal/clausal functional values can be defined as testable symptomatic usage patterns. These “symptomatic usage patterns” serve as the underlying basis for the hypothesis tested in the empirical chapters.
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Fonteyn, Lauren. "Conclusions." In Categoriality in Language Change, 179–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917579.003.0008.

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The concluding chapter synthesizes the results of the preceding analyses. It highlights that the most important functional-semantic categorial shift that has taken place within the English gerundive system did not affect the morphosyntactically verbalizing component; instead, it affected the “original” nominal gerund, which started to functionally assimilate to more prototypical members of the nominal class. It is explained that in earlier stages, the English gerund exhibited functional hybridity, using an exclusively nominal form to realize more nominal as well as more clausal functions; but with the rise of the verbalized gerund, this functional hybridity started to be gradually sorted out. What emerges from the discussions of the case studies is that adopting a model of functional-semantic categoriality allows one to tackle the remaining lacunae in understanding this history of the English gerund, and perhaps, in the not-so-distant future, of “categoriality in language change” more generally.
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Fonteyn, Lauren. "Introduction." In Categoriality in Language Change, 1–10. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917579.003.0001.

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The central topic of the present study is to offer a new perspective on perhaps the best-known types of transcategorial shift, commonly referred to as nominalization and verbalization. As explained in this introductory chapter, the ultimate aim of this study is to present the first elaborate attempt to determine what it “means” to nominalize or to verbalize. This chapter sets out the specificalities of the aims (both theoretical and methodological/descriptive) of this study and briefly introduces the construction that lies at the heart of the empirical chapters (i.e., the English gerund), followed by an overview of the chapter contents.
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Fonteyn, Lauren. "Reference Types." In Categoriality in Language Change, 65–101. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190917579.003.0004.

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The first case study, presented in this chapter, investigates how nominal and clausal constructions differ in terms of their reference and grounding strategies. In earlier stages of English, both nominal and verbal gerunds could rely on so-called “indirect clausal grounding” to establish their referent, receiving a specified subject as well as a temporal location from the matrix clause in which they are embedded (e.g., both He closed the deal [by signing the contract] as well as [by signing of the contract] were possible). While present-day verbal gerunds still frequently rely on indirect clausal grounding, nominal gerunds lost this grounding strategy in Modern English and presently exclusively use nominal grounding mechanisms (i.e., (in)definite articles, possessives, demonstratives) to establish reference (e.g., [The/His] signing of the contract).
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Okrent, Arika, and Sean O’Neill. "What the Hell, English?" In Highly Irregular, 2–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197539408.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of the oddities of the English language. It begins by looking at the poem of Dutch writer Gerard Nolst Trenité and how he spent his career nitpicking defense of his own native language. Nolst Trenité saw that the Dutch language had its own inconsistencies. His complaints about the way his fellow citizens butchered the Dutch language were different from his complaints about English, but they came from the same expectation that language should be a logical, orderly system. The patterns are often overshadowed by what looks like randomness, and there are irregularities everywhere, not just in the spelling system. At every level of language, from spelling to vocabulary to grammar to word order to meaning there are violations of harmony and order. This book is thus a collection of answers to questions about English. It also presents a history of English that explores the tension between logic and habit in language development.
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"37. Distinguishing present gerunds from present participles in the active voice." In English Grammar Guide for Language Students, 205–8. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463233334-038.

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