Journal articles: 'English language Early modern'

1

Peters, Robert A. "Early Modern English Consonants." Journal of English Linguistics 24, no. 1 (March 1996): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542429602400104.

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Francis, W. N., Manfred Görlach, and Manfred Gorlach. "Introduction to Early Modern English." Language 69, no. 1 (March 1993): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416451.

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Culpeper, Jonathan. "Affirmatives in Early Modern English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00021.cul.

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Abstract This study examines the affirmatives yes, yea and ay in Early Modern English, more specifically in the period 1560 to 1760. Affirmatives have an obvious role as responses to yes/no questions in dialogues, and so this study demanded the kind of dialogical material provided by the Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760. I examine the meanings and contexts of usage of each affirmative: their distribution across time and text-types, their collocates and their occurrence after positive and negative questions. The results challenge a number of issues and claims in the literature, including when the “Germanic pattern” (involving yes and yea after positive or negative questions) dissolved, whether yea or ay were dialectal, and the timing of the rise of ay and the fall of yea.

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Lutzky, Ursula, and Jane Demmen. "Pray in Early Modern English drama." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.2.05lut.

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This study seeks to provide new insights into the development and use of pray in Early Modern English. The study is based on the sociopragmatically annotated Drama Corpus, which combines the drama text samples of three different Early Modern English corpora, comprising a total of 242,561 words from a time span of 1500 to 1760. We investigate the quantitative distribution of the different forms in which pray appears during this period, and the influence of the variables of social status and gender. The aim of the current study is consequently to shed more light on the sociopragmatic nature of pray forms, and to reach a more profound understanding of their use in the Early Modern English period.

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Claridge, Claudia. "Questions in Early Modern English pamphlets." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 6, no. 1 (February 22, 2005): 133–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.6.1.07cla.

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The paper explores the functions and distribution of questions in the Lampeter Corpus of Early Modern English Tracts, a 1.1 million-word corpus of pamphlets written between 1640 and 1740. Pamphlets are a highly interactive medium with a mostly persuasive function. Thus it is not surprising that pamphlet authors exhibit a critical and inquisitive attitude, which shows itself also in the explicit posing of questions. The questions can be sorted according to function into six major groupings: (i) introducing new information, (ii) provoking reader involvement, (iii) marking authorial emphasis, (iv) getting or focusing attention, (v) supporting the argumentation (backed by a number of conducive features), and (vi) exerting control. Of these, argumentation is clearly the dominant function, while reader involvement enhances the persuasive effect. Statistical analysis reveals questions to be more common in pamphlets, in particular highly contentious religious and political tracts, than in most other monologic texts.

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González-Álvarez, Dolores. "Epistemic Disjuncts in Early Modern English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 219–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.1.2.04gon.

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This paper offers a description of epistemic disjunct adverbs in Early Modern English. Section I outlines the development of epistemic disjuncts in the history of English, concentrating on the kinds of comment they could lexicalise.. Briefly, OE epistemic adverbs only encoded the speaker's comment on the high probability or importance of the proposition they related to. ME allowed a new type of comment, namely on the low probability of the adjoined proposition. In the second section, the data drawn from the computarised Helsinki Corpus suggest that though Early Modern English is a transitional period in epistemic disjunct development, it shows greater semantic diversification than OE and ME. Syntactic and distributional features are considered in every case. Finally, sociolinguistic variables and the registers and text types which favour the occurrence of these adverbs are also specified.

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Goodland, Giles. "Reading Early Modern literature through OED3." English Text Construction 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.6.1.02goo.

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We may think we know what a neologism is, but it is hard to isolate the nature of the moment in which neologizing occurs. In literature sometimes this moment is enacted for effects that may not belong to the discourses of normal communication, and these effects are compounded when it is a loan-neologism. The Early Modern period was one of increasing contact between the languages of Europe, and literature responded to this in a variety of ways. This paper looks at neologistic borrowings into English literature, using a selection of canonical authors as refracted through the Oxford English Dictionary, to see if they can tell us something about the porousness of literary language in this period. Keywords: Oxford English Dictionary; Shakespeare; Jonson; Dryden; Skelton; loan word; neologism

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B�kken, Bj�rg. "Inversion in Early Modern English." English Studies 81, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 393–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/0013-838x(200009)81:5;1-8:ft393.

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Knooihuizen, Remco. "Language shift and apparent standardisation in Early Modern English." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2015-0012.

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AbstractIt has been observed that language-shift varieties of English tend to be relatively close to Standard English (Trudgill and Chambers 1991: 2–3). An often-used explanation for this is that Standard English was acquired in schools by the shifting population (Filppula 2006: 516). In this paper, I discuss three cases of language shift in the Early Modern period: in Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Shetland. I offer evidence that the role of Standard English education was, in fact, fairly limited, and suggest that the standard-likeness of Cornish English, Manx English and Shetland Scots is most likely due to the particular sociolinguistic circumstances of language shift, where not only language contact, but also dialect contact contributed to a loss of non-standard-like features and the acquisition of a standard-like target variety. This atelic and non-hierarchical process is termed apparent standardisation.

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Fitzmaurice, Susan. "Looking for concepts in Early Modern English." Historical Pragmatics today 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 282–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00057.fit.

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Abstract The idea that conceptual meaning in discourse could be identified in constellations of lexical co-occurrences in a particular “universe” of discourse was key in guiding the computational historical semantic–pragmatic work conducted in the Linguistic dna project. The project mapped prominent lexical co-occurrences across the two hundred years of publications in Early English Books Online (eebo-tcp; Text Creation Partnership edition), yielding concept models – constellations of non-adjacent lemmas that consistently co-occur across spans of up to 100 tokens. The goal was to map meaning onto concept models as “discursive concepts”, using encyclopaedic knowledge, pragmatic analysis and context. The first question concerns the effectiveness of making early hypotheses about the discursive meaning of concept models based on the inferred connections between the lemmas in a quad constellation. The second question is whether the meaning of frequent, apparently stable concept models changes upon their closer scrutiny in the discourses they lead us into. A reader familiar with the particular universe of discourse in which these quads occur, and with the social, historical, literary and philosophical traditions, and the context that they occupy, might be effectively primed by their encyclopaedic knowledge to hypothesise this discursive meaning. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of hypothesis building using encyclopaedic knowledge and pragmatic analysis to interpret optimally relevant concept models.

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Potsdam, Eric, and Bjorg Baekken. "Word Order Patterns in Early Modern English." Language 76, no. 1 (March 2000): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417447.

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Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara. "Impoliteness in Early Modern English courtroom discourse." Historical Courtroom Discourse 7, no. 2 (June 23, 2006): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.7.2.04kry.

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The paper investigates whether the notion of impoliteness worked out for synchronic pragmatics is also applicable in diachronic pragmatics. An analysis of two Early Modern English court trial records demonstrates that the answer is positive provided some new dimensions are added. My model of impoliteness cuts across the following axes: structural, semantic, and pragmatic. Structural impoliteness ranges from words and phrases to portions of texts, thus the syntactic dimension cuts across the complexity dimension. The semantic/pragmatic dimension includes numerous non-literal meanings of impoliteness. An utterance can be judged as impolite on the basis of its surface representations (“overt impoliteness”), or the impoliteness of an expression has to be inferred and takes the form of an implicature (“covert impoliteness”). Thus, the final interpretation would depend both on the speaker’s intention when producing an utterance, its (perlocutionary) effect(s) on the addressee, and the overall context. Finally, all these variables cut across the socio-historical dimension.

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McIntyre, Dan, and Brian Walker. "Discourse presentation in Early Modern English writing." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 16, no. 1 (March 11, 2011): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.1.05mci.

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In this article we report on a pilot project investigating the presentation of speech, writing and thought in Early Modern English prose fiction and news writing. The aim of the project is to determine whether discourse presentation changes diachronically and what the function of the various discourse presentation categories were in the Early Modern period. To study this we have built and annotated a small corpus of Early Modern English writing using the model of speech, writing and thought presentation outlined in Semino & Short (2004). We are thus able to compare our findings against those of Semino and Short for Present Day English writing. The quantitative results of our pilot study and our initial qualitative analyses lead to a number of hypotheses which we suggest are suitable for testing on a larger corpus of data.

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Adams, Michael. "Early Modern English Lexicography. Jürgen Schäfer." Modern Philology 90, no. 2 (November 1992): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392061.

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15

Reichl, Isabella. "Refusals in Early Modern English drama texts." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 28, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.17017.rei.

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Abstract Due to their largely non-routinized forms and their not being retrievable in computerised corpus searches, refusals have hitherto not been examined from a diachronic perspective. The present paper presents an inventory of refusal strategies in Early Modern English drama texts. Five comedies from two periods (1560–1599 and 1720–1760), respectively, taken from the Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760 (Kytö and Culpeper 2006) were examined manually and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysis lead to an alternative classification of refusals which differs considerably from the frequently used taxonomy by Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss-Weltz (1990). The proposed classification takes into account three levels of analysis: the propositional content of the utterance, the functional super-strategy, and the speaker’s stance. The development of refusal within the period under investigation partially matches findings regarding related speech acts that show a development towards increased indirectness (Culpeper and Demmen 2011, Pakkala-Weckström 2008, Del Lungo Camiciotti 2008).

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Breuer, H. "Early Modern English 'back': Erotic Uses." Notes and Queries 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjl184.

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17

Posse, Elena Seoane. "Impersonalising Strategies in Early Modern English." English Studies 81, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/0013-838x(200003)81:2;1-t;ft102.

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Mäkinen, Martti. "On interaction in herbals from Middle English to Early Modern English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 3, no. 2 (June 3, 2002): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.3.2.04mak.

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The focus of this article is on interaction in Middle English and Early Modern English herbals. In the Middle Ages, herbals were mainly instructive aids for producing medicines of the plants described in the text. Later, in the Early Modern English period, the herbal genre split into two, retaining the genre called herbals and giving birth to systematic botanical texts. The interaction established in texts can be studied through the use of pronouns (involvement markers) and the use of imperatives. This study shows that the strategies employed in the Middle English period are very different from the strategies in the Early Modern English period: the use of second-person pronouns and imperatives prevails in the Middle English period, whereas the use of first-person pronouns was preferred in the Early Modern English period. In addition to this, another division, irrespective of the time of writing, is observed in the material: the first group includes handbooks and practical herbals, and the other group learned and empirical herbals. Factors which explain these differences in interaction strategies are the purposes for writing and the education of the intended audience.

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Clinton Simms, R. "Persius' Prologue and Early Modern English Satire." Translation and Literature 22, no. 1 (March 2013): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2013.0098.

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The established perception that early modern English satirists imitated either Juvenal or Horace has left the reception of Persius under-explored. This paper demonstrates with particular reference to the ‘Prologue’ to Satire 1 that early modern writers were eager to engage the Roman poet, indeed more eager to adapt Persius than merely imitate him. Persius is less easy to detect, being so often more creatively interwoven with English poets’ own concerns, than the other two Roman satirists. What makes his satiric presence among these authors unique is the variety of modulations.

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Breeze, Andrew, and Anne Cotterill. "Digressive Voices in Early Modern English Literature." Modern Language Review 101, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20467048.

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Heale, Elizabeth, Patrick Cheney, Andrew Hadfield, and Garrett A. Sullivan,. "Early Modern English Poetry. A Critical Companion." Modern Language Review 103, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20467804.

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McAlindon, Tom, and Raphael Falco. "Charismatic Authority in Early Modern English Tragedy." Modern Language Review 97, no. 3 (July 2002): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3737499.

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Smith, Jeremy J. "Lexical choices in Early Modern English devotional prose." Historical Pragmatics today 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00056.smi.

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Abstract Religious controversy in English has always been marked by ideologically charged lexicons. Developments in the analysis of machine-readable corpora have enabled more robust conclusions to be drawn about the nature of these vocabularies, relating particular usages to particular confessional orientations. In this paper, part of a long-term research project on the history of English religious vocabulary, an attempt is made to identify “keywords” characteristic of presbyterian, puritan and high Anglican communities of practice within the Church of England. In addition, the paper addresses some methodological and theoretical issues involved in such research, relating to the practice of historical pragmatics.

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IDE, RISAKO. "Discourse Markers in Early Modern English." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 32, no. 1 (2015): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj.32.1_236.

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Archer, Dawn. "Impression management in the Early Modern English courtroom." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00019.arc.

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Abstract This paper draws upon three texts from the trial section of the Corpus of English Dialogues, in order to explore the tactical impression management strategies used by Early Modern English courtroom participants (defendants, judges, lawyers and witnesses). I will demonstrate that modern impression management strategies (identified with other activity types in mind) are in evidence in the texts, as are additional courtroom-specific strategies. I discuss the nuances of these impression management tactics, in light of (a) the obvious power differences between the participants involved, (b) the need to be perceived as credible in this legal setting, and (c) their convergence with particular types of face(work).

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Lyne, Susanna. "Claudia Claridge. Questions in Early Modern English Pamphlets." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2005): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.4.12lyn.

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Roig-Marín, Amanda. "Spanish Arabic loanwords in late Middle and early Modern English." SELIM. Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature. 25, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/selim.25.2020.173-185.

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The influx of Arabic vocabulary into English has received relatively scarce attention in the past: Taylor (1934) and Cannon Kaye (1994) remain classic lexicographical works, but few subsequent investigations have monographically tackled the Arabic lexical legacy in English. This article concentrates on the Spanish Arabic influence on English, that is, on Arabic-origin lexis specifically used in the Iberian Peninsula as well as on the vocabulary which was mediated by Spanish at some point in its history from Arabic to its adoption into the English language. It assesses two sets of data retrieved from the Oxford English Dictionary and examines the most frequent routes of entry into the English language (e.g. Arabic Spanish French English) and the larger networks of transmissions of these borrowings throughout the history of the language, with particular attention to the late medieval and early modern periods.

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Schneider, Gerold, Hans Martin Lehmann, and Peter Schneider. "Parsing early and late modern English corpora." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 30, no. 3 (February 6, 2014): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu001.

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JOBY, CHRISTOPHER. "French in early modern Norwich." Journal of French Language Studies 27, no. 3 (December 20, 2016): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269516000429.

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ABSTRACTMuch has been written about the use of French in medieval England. However, with one or two exceptions, relatively little has been written about the language in early modern England. This article aims to provide an account of the use of French as an emigrant language in one of the leading provincial cities in early modern England, Norwich. From 1565 onwards thousands of people from the French-language area migrated to England as a result of economic necessity and religious persecution. Many of them settled in Norwich. As well as these immigrants and their descendants, there were Dutch immigrants in Norwich who spoke French as well as several well-educated individuals from the local English population such as Sir Thomas Browne. This article describes the varieties of French used in Norwich, including Picard, the emerging standard French and Law French. It then discusses how French operated in the multilingual environment of early modern Norwich under the headings of language competition, language contact, bilingualism, code switching, translation, and finally, language shift and recession. It adds not only to our understanding of French in early modern England but also to the literature on French as an emigrant language.

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Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara. "Speech acts in Early Modern English court trials." Journal of Pragmatics 41, no. 3 (March 2009): 440–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.06.009.

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Gregersen, Sune. "‘To Dare Larks’ in Early Modern English." Notes and Queries 64, no. 4 (October 11, 2017): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjx152.

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Dewar-Watson, S. "Roman Triumphs and Early Modern English Culture." Notes and Queries 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/51.1.87.

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Dewar-Watson, Sarah. "Roman Triumphs and Early Modern English Culture." Notes and Queries 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/510087.

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Stockwell, Robert P., and Donka Minkova. "The Early Modern English Vowels, More O' Lass." Diachronica 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.7.2.04min.

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SUMMARY Roger Lass has proposed radical revisions of widely known assessments of some of the evidence concerning the pronunciation of early modern English. We accept many of his claims, but we argue that his revisions are wrong on one central point, and questionable in three less important ones. The central one is his conclusion that no qualitative difference accompanied the 'length' contrast in the high and mid vowels of early modern English. We believe that the clash between the orthoepical evidence and the traditional interpretations lies in the difficulty of reconstructing redundant vs. distinctive features in historical phonology. The other three issues have to do with aspects of the English vowel shift that have already been widely debated. RÉSUMÉ Roger Lass a proposé des révisions radicales des interprétations conventionnelles d'une partie de l'évidence concernant la prononciation de l'anglais moderne précoce. Les auteurs de cet article acceptent plusieurs de ses affirmations, mais ils allèguent que ses révisions sont fausses sur un point central et douteuses dans trois cas moins importants. Notre objection principale concerne la conclusion de Lass qu'aucune différence qualitative accompagnait le contraste de 'longeur' dans les voyelles hautes et moyennes de l'anglais moderne précoce. Nous croyons, par contre, que le conflit entre l'évidence orthoépique et les interprétations traditionnelles se trouve dans la difficulté, en phonologie historique, de reconstruire l'opposition entre des traits redondants et des traits distinctifs. Les trois autres points désaccord concernent des aspects du changement des voyelles en anglais qui ont été déjà débattus largement ailleurs. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Roger Lass hat radikale Revisionen weithin bekannter Annahmen beziig-lich der Aussprache des Frühneuenglischen vorgeschlagen. Die Autoren akzep-tieren eine Reihe von ihnen. Sie argumentieren jedoch, daB seine Revisionen zumindest in einem zentralen Punkt unrichtig sind und fraglich in drei weniger bedeutenden Punkten. Der Hauptpunkt unserer Kritik hat mit seiner SchluBfol-gerung zu tun, derzufolge der 'Längen'-Kontrast innerhalb der hohen und minieren Vokale des Frühneuenglischen nicht von einem qualitativen Unterschied begleitet worden sei. Die Autoren nehmen dagegen an, daB der Zusammenprall von orthoepischer Evidenz und traditionellen Interpretationen in der Schwierig-keit liegt, in der historischen Phonologie den Unterschied zwischen redundan-ten und distinktiven Merkmalen zu rekonstruieren. Die übrigen drei Einwen-dungen betreffen Aspekte der englischen Vokalverschiebung, die schon an an-derer Stelle diskutiert worden sind.

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Pérez-Guerra, Javier. "Object-Verb in Early Modern English: Modelling Markedness." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 56, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 85–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2021-0016.

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Abstract Although Verb-Object (VO) is the basic unmarked constituent order of predicates in Present-Day English, in earlier stages of the language Object-Verb (OV) is the preferred pattern in some syntactic contexts. OV predicates are significantly frequent in Old and Middle English, and are still attested up to 1550, when they “appear to dwindle away” (Moerenhout & van der Wurff 2005: 83). This study looks at OV in Early Modern English (EModE), using a corpus-based perspective and statistical modelling to explore a number of textual, syntactic, and semantic/processing variables which may account for what by that time had already become a marked, though not yet archaic, word-order pattern. The data for the study were retrieved from the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English (1500–1710) and the Parsed Corpus of Early English Correspondence (c.1410–1695), the largest electronic parsed collections of EModE texts. The findings reveal a preference for OV in speech-related text types, which are less constrained by the rules of grammar, in marked syntactic contexts, and in configurations not subject to the general linearisation principles of end-weight and given-new. Where these principles are complied with, the probability of VO increases.

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Aijmer, Karin. "Ursula Lutzky, Discourse Markers in Early Modern English." English Text Construction 8, no. 2 (November 20, 2015): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.8.2.10aij.

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Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara. "Representations of orality in Early Modern English trial records." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2000): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.1.2.04kry.

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The paper aims at answering some questions essential for a historical pragmaticist. It examines to what extent the written records available nowadays reflect the language spoken in the past, i.e. what their degree of orality is. The data are two Early Modern English texts: The trial of Titus Oates and The trial of Lady Alice Lisle. Trial records are relevant for this analysis since they are closer to the original sources than other texts and they are interesting for linguistic reasons, e.g. the formulaic expressions or the discourse strategies used in court. The search for traces of orality is based on two features: turn-taking and closeness to the sociocultural context. The study corroborates my initial hypothesis that the two trial records have preserved many traces of orality. Moreover, they are rich sources of information about the political, social and cultural life of the period.

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Grund, Peter. "Book Review: Descriptive Adequacy of Early Modern English Grammars." Journal of English Linguistics 34, no. 4 (December 2006): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424206292988.

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Truswell, Robert. "Relatives with a Leftward Island in Early Modern English." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 29, no. 1 (August 20, 2010): 291–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-010-9106-0.

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Bowen, Lloyd. "Structuring Particularist Publics: Logistics, Language, and Early Modern Wales." Journal of British Studies 56, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 754–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2017.118.

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AbstractThis article examines how early modern publics were shaped partly by dynamics of linguistic difference and physical distance. Taking Wales as its focus, it argues that barriers to communication have yet to be considered sufficiently in a literature which presents English language metropolitan discourses as normative. Particularist publics that drew upon different cultural heritages and employed different communicative practices to those prevailing in and around London deserve greater attention. This is illustrated principally by the vernacularizing impulses of Protestant reform in sixteenth-century Wales and the responses these elicited from Catholic interests, and also the attempts to construct political publics in Wales during the 1640s and 1650s. Early modern Welsh public culture was characterized by a degree of isolation from the genres and sites of critical opinion (such as newsbooks and coffeehouses); print production was underdeveloped; and there were logistical barriers to the spread of news. Conceptualizing early modern Wales as a “particularist public” can help enrich our understanding of center-locality relationships in other parts of the English (and subsequently British) realm.

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Gordon, Moragh, Tino Oudesluijs, and Anita Auer. "Supralocalisation Processes in Early Modern English Urban Vernaculars." International Journal of English Studies 20, no. 2 (October 19, 2020): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.385171.

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This article contributes to existing studies that are concerned with standardisation and supralocalisation processes in the development of written English during the Early Modern English period. By focussing on and comparing civic records and letter data from important regional urban centres, notably Bristol, Coventry and York, from the period 1500–1700, this study provides new insight into the gradual emergence of supralocal forms. More precisely, the linguistic variables under investigation are third person indicative present tense markers (singular and plural). The findings of this study reveal that each urban centre shows a unique distribution pattern in the adoption of supralocal -(V)s singular and plural zero. Furthermore, verb type as well as text type appear to be important language internal and external factors respectively.

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Tuhai, Oleksandra. "Subject Control Infinitive Constructions in Early Modern English." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p367.

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This study aims to analyze and describe infinitive sentences with verbs of volition such as desire, wish, want, hope, intend, promise, determine, command in Early Modern English within a generative framework. It is argued that the infinitival clauses have a thematic subject PRO controlled by the matrix subject. It is proved that complex sentences with infinitive complements of matrix predicates of volition obtain subject control function. The findings show syntactic peculiarities of infinitive complementation of monotransitive verbs of volition as subject control infinitive constructions in the studied period of English. Having taken into consideration subject control properties of matrix verbs of volition, direct object monotransitive infinitive function, complementary nature of infinitives, it has been assumed that an infinitive clause generates in a complementizer phrase CP domain, putting forward three possible variants of syntactic analysis of the infinitive types’ configurations as: SVOd (to / bare INF clause), SVOd (NP to / bare INF clause), SVOd (wh- to INF clause) with ‘two-argument arrangement’ of matrix verbs and the infinitive clause as an object predicative complement.

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Eisen, Mark, Alejandro Ribeiro, Santiago Segarra, and Gabriel Egan. "Stylometric analysis of Early Modern period English plays." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 33, no. 3 (December 8, 2017): 500–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqx059.

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van Gelderen, Elly. "Review of Kastovsky (1994): Studies in Early Modern English." Studies in Language 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.21.1.09gel.

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Bailey, Guy, Natalie Maynor, and Patricia Cukor-Avila. "Variation in subject-verb concord in Early Modern English." Language Variation and Change 1, no. 3 (October 1989): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000193.

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ABSTRACTDetermining the function of verbal -s in the Black English Vernacular (BEV) has been a major problem in sociolinguistics. Linguists have offered four answers to questions about the feature's origins and function, with -s seen as a case of hypercorrection, as a marker of durative/habitual aspect, as a variable marker of present tense (with the variation stemming from dialect mixture), and as a marker of historical present regardless of person and number. This article argues that confusion about -s results largely from four mistaken assumptions about it: (1) that -s did not exist in earlier varieties of BEV, (2) that the use of -s in the plural bears no relation to its use in the singular or to other processes such as the use of is as a plural or copula and auxiliary absence, (3) that -s has always functioned simply as a person/number marker in white vernaculars, and (4) that any role white vernaculars may have played in the variability of -s was a consequence of regional variation brought to the United States. This article addresses these assumptions by examining the function of -s, both in the singular and plural, and of plural is in the Cely Letters, written between 1472 and 1488, and by comparing the results to similar data in black and white vernaculars. The analysis shows that in the Cely Letters the presence of an NP subject strongly favors the occurrence of both singular and plural -s and also plural is. The same constraint operates on the same forms in older black and white vernaculars, and it affects copula and auxiliary absence as well. In the speech of younger blacks and whites, this constraint has begun to disappear as -s has become solely a marker of person/number agreement in white speech and as -s itself has disappeared in BEV.

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Roig-Marín, Amanda. "Challenges in the Study of “Spanish” Loanwords in Late Medieval and Early Modern English." Anglica Wratislaviensia 57 (October 4, 2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.57.11.

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The study of copious Latin and French loanwords which entered the English language in the Middle Ages and the early modern period has tended to eclipse the appreciation of more limited—yet equally noteworthy—lexical contributions from other languages. One of such languages, Spanish, is the focus of this article. A concise overview of the Spanish influence on English throughout its history will help to contextualize a set of lexicographical data from the OED which has received scant attention in research into the influence of Spanish on English, that is, lexis dating to the late medieval and early modern period. It re-evaluates the underlying Arabic influx in English common to Spanish and revisits some of the lexicographical challenges in tracing the etymology of words which could have potentially been borrowed from a range of Romance languages.

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Brennan, M. G. "Review: Psalm Culture and Early Modern English Literature." Notes and Queries 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gji155.

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Rodríguez-Álvarez, Alicia. "Teaching Punctuation in Early Modern England." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10121-009-0027-0.

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Teaching Punctuation in Early Modern England Much has been written on the punctuation practice of late sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English writers in order to work out the ultimate function of marks of punctuation. The main point of discussion has almost ever been whether punctuation indicated syntactic relationships or represented speech pauses either to give emphasis in oral delivery or just to be able to breathe. The focus of this paper, however, is the theory rather than the practice, in particular, the set of rules and conventions used by schoolmasters to guide students in their use of stops. Thus, textbooks used at the time to teach reading and writing will constitute our main sources of information to achieve the following aims: (i) to offer a classification of the different marks of punctuation described, (ii) to establish the functions schoolbooks assigned to punctuation marks in general, and (iii) to assess the importance schoolmasters gave to pointing. The results of this study - which follows the works by Ong (1944) and Salmon (1962, 1988) - will contribute to shed light on the ever-lasting debate on the principles guiding Early Modern English punctuation usage.

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Lehto, Anu. "Complexity in national legislation of the Early Modern English period." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 11, no. 2 (June 18, 2010): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.11.2.05leh.

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This paper concentrates on Early Modern English statutes printed in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The study considers the development of complexity and the rise of modern writing conventions by following the diachronic pragmatic view. The analysis also draws on genre studies and underlines the sociohistorical impact on linguistic changes. Complexity is assessed by a systematic method that observes the textual structure and syntax. The material consists of legislative documents in Early English Books Online; six of the documents were transcribed and compiled into a small-scale corpus. The results indicate that complexity was a common feature in the Early Modern English period: coordination and subordination are frequently used, and the sixteenth-century documents have an increasing tendency to favour subordination. During the sixteenth century, legislative sentences and text type structure become more regular and correspond to present-day practices.

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Støle, Hildegunn. "Review of Lutzky (2012): Discourse Markers in Early Modern English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 16, no. 1 (April 3, 2015): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16.1.06sto.

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Journal articles on the topic 'English language Early modern'

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