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Journal articles on the topic "Engineers Supply and demand Australia"
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Knights, Peter F. "Short-term supply and demand of graduate mining engineers in Australia." Mineral Economics 33, no. 1-2 (October 28, 2019): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00208-0.
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Beal, Cara, Bernard Dorante, Patrick Pearson, Safaa Aldirawi, and Noora Abdallah. "Working with Community and Council: The Kirirri Story." Water e-Journal 5, no. 4 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2020.023.
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Ensuring safe, accessible and acceptable drinking water in remote communities in Australia requires culturally and socially appropriate, technically feasible and economically viable approaches. Arguably, technical and economic factors have been the main focus for remote communities in the water sector, as engineers historically drove the design, planning and construction phases of water supply management options. More recently, increasing focus has been on understanding and integrating local people and place into water supply and demand management. This paper focusses on community-based water demand management in the inner Torres Straits community of Kirirri. The aims and methods are outlined, along with a discussion of the findings which describe the community-preferred demand management tools that were piloted in 25 households between 2018-2019.
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Mansfield, Sarah J. "Generic drug prices and policy in Australia: room for improvement? A comparative analysis with England." Australian Health Review 38, no. 1 (2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah12009.
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Objective To assess the degree to which reimbursement prices in Australia and England differ for a range of generic drugs, and to analyse the supply- and demand-side factors that may contribute to these differences. Methods Australian and English reimbursement prices were compared for a range of generic drugs using pricing information obtained from government websites. Next, a literature review was conducted to identify supply- and demand-side factors that could affect generic prices in Australia and England. Various search topics were identified addressing potential supply-side (e.g. market approval, intellectual property protection of patented drugs, generic pricing policy, market size, generic supply chain and discounting practices) and demand-side (consumers, prescribers and pharmacists) factors. Related terms were searched in academic databases, official government websites, national statistical databases and internet search engines. Results Analysis of drug reimbursement prices for 15 generic molecules (representing 45 different drug presentations) demonstrated that Australian prices were on average over 7-fold higher than in England. Significant supply-side differences included aspects of pricing policy, the relative size of the generics markets and the use of clawback policies. Major differences in demand-side policies related to generic prescribing, pharmacist substitution and consumer incentives. Conclusions Despite recent reforms, the Australian Government continues to pay higher prices than its English counterpart for many generic medications. The results suggest that particular policy areas may benefit from review in Australia, including the length of the price-setting process, the frequency of subsequent price adjustments, the extent of price competition between originators and generics, medical professionals’ knowledge about generic medicines and incentives for generic prescribing. What is known about the topic? Prices of generic drugs have been the subject of much scrutiny over recent years. From 2005 to 2010 the Australian Government responded to observations that Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prices for many generics were higher than in numerous comparable countries by instituting several reforms aimed at reducing the prices of generics. Despite this, several studies have demonstrated that prices for generic statins (one class of cholesterol-lowering drug) are higher in Australia compared with England and many other developed countries, and prices of numerous other generics remain higher than in the USA and New Zealand. Recently there has been increasing interest in why these differences exist. What does this paper add? By including a much larger range of commonly used and costly generic drugs, this paper builds significantly on the limited previous investigations of generic drug prices in Australia and England. Additionally, this is the first comprehensive investigation of multiple supply- and, in particular, demand-side factors that may explain any price differences between these countries. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners may contribute to the higher prices of generic medications in Australia compared with England through relatively low rates of generic prescribing. There are also significant implications for health policy makers, as this paper demonstrates that if Australia achieved the same prices as England for many generic drugs there could be substantial savings for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.
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Davies, B. J. "AMT engineers, demand v supply." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 6, no. 3 (August 1991): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02601794.
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Lin, Rene, Don Amila Sajeevan Samarasinghe, and Funmilayo Ebun Rotimi. "Development of a framework for quality assurance of off-site manufactured building components: A case study of the New Zealand housing sector." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 042006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/4/042006.
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Abstract A shortage of housing is a prominent issue across the globe. Traditional on-site construction methods seem too inefficient to meet the increasing housing demand. As a solution, many countries, including the United States, Germany, Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia, have introduced off-site manufacturing methods to increase the housing supply. Different from the traditional way of on-site construction, off-site manufacturing is a technique that involves manufacturing building components in a controlled environment. Despite strong government support and industry attempts to increase off-site manufacturing, the current building consenting and inspection processes in New Zealand have significant quality-related issues. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the gaps in current quality assurance processes used in off-site manufacturing and recommend a framework in order to gain credibility and the acceptance of the construction market. The study collected qualitative data from industry experts (e.g., developers, architects, engineers, project managers, quantity surveyors, head contractors and council officers) who had significant experience in current quality assurance regimes in New Zealand prefabrication construction. The key themes for designing the proposed framework were generated using content analysis of the primary data collected from semi-structured interviews with industry experts. The study has found that standardisation in off-shore products regarding the New Zealand Building Code remains the biggest challenge in the consenting process. Quality assurance and inspection test plans are the developer’s responsibility and are typically provided by third-party inspectors. In this post-Covid-19 world-building, consent authorities rely heavily on third-party inspection companies that apply more rigorous auditing. Essentially, the most important parts of quality assurance are to have an experienced team and to adopt a holistic approach by engaging stakeholders early in the design stage. The stakeholders should consider recommendations for mandatory after-service insurance to ensure end-customer interests are protected. The findings of this study can contribute to the early engagement of different stakeholders to ensure overseas manufacturing of building components meets New Zealand quality standards. It is expected that the new quality assurance framework would help to promote off-site manufacturing for the New Zealand housing sector.
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Smith, Lisa, and Brian Evans. "Changing petroleum engineering education to meet industry demands." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09018.
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The Department of Petroleum Engineering at Curtin University had its inception in 1998. For the last 10 years, it lectured the Masters in petroleum engineering course to local Australian and international students, graduating more than 200 students. The rapid increase in the price of oil during 2006/7 saw a sudden and substantial growth in industry employment opportunities, which resulted in the department losing over half of its staff to industry. At the same time, the supply of local students reduced to less than 10% of those taking the course. This loss in both student numbers and staff at the same time threatened the department’s future, and resulted in the need for a new focus to return the department to stability. A number of new initiatives were introduced, which included: bringing industry into the decision-making processes; introducing a new two-year Masters program to assist high quality migrant students obtain Australian permanent residency; increasing the advertising of petroleum engineering as a career option to schools and industry; linking with UNSW, UWA and Adelaide universities to establish a joint Masters program; introducing a new Bachelor’s degree in petroleum engineering; changing the block form of teaching to a semester-based form; and having the Commonwealth recognise the new Masters program for Commonwealth funding of Australian students as a priority pathway to a career as a petroleum engineer while the Bachelors program gathered momentum. This paper maps the positive changes made during 2008/9, which led to a 100% increase in student numbers, a 50% increase in staff to stabilise teaching, a 400% increase in active PhD students, and industry projects to deliver an increasing stream of high quality, industry-ready, graduate petroleum engineers over the next 10–20 years into the current ageing population where the average age of a petroleum engineer is 51.
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Lines, Murray G. "Frac Sand Supply & Demand Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, no. 1 (December 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2018abt6_1e.
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Byko, Maureen. "Demand for engineers may exceed supply of college graduates." JOM 53, no. 2 (February 2001): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-001-0119-3.
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AO, Professor Ronald Penny. "Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Australia Supply and Demand." Vox Sanguinis 83 (August 2002): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2002.tb05350.x.
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Kiely, Patricia M., Ernest Healy, Peregrine Horton, and Joseph Chakman. "Optometric supply and demand in Australia: 2001-2031." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 91, no. 4 (July 2008): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2007.00233.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Engineers Supply and demand Australia"
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Masters, Tristan Andrew, and tristan masters@acma gov au. "Supply and Demand of Creative Arts in Regional Victoria, Australia." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.152730.
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Creative arts can make vital contributions to both economies and communities. Moreover, these impacts can be keenly felt by smaller, regional communities, where shifts away from traditional rural industries are apparent, and in the context of the Inew economy' which emphasises the importance of knowledge industries and creative industries. This research investigates creative arts supply and demand in regional Victoria, Australia through the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data in three target communities. Fundamentally, this thesis presents a detailed analysis of the current supply and demand environment, including the impacts of regional arts festivals, and determines the conditions, events and characteristics which could strengthen regional Victorian supply and demand of creative arts. This thesis analyses focus group data to investigate current levels of supply of creative arts in regional Victoria. Qualitative analysis of the data shows that the supply of creative arts in the target areas is limited by scarce resources, isolation, negative community attitudes towards creative arts, and a small audience or sales market and an over-reliance on volunteers. Small and micro-businesses in the regional Victorian arts sector are seen as having motivations for operating beyond making money, limited business acumen, and have difficulty in marketing themselves effectively. Best-practice strategies to strengthen the operations of small and micro-businesses include adopting a more entrepreneurial attitude towards arts business, using an agent to source new audiences or sales markets and to maximise the promotion of their product, creating art which is accessible to the local community, and to engage in skills development and business training. Using attitudes towards creative arts, participation in creative arts and expenditure on creative arts as a measure of current demand levels, this thesis applies a range of statistical and econometric tests to the data collected from the three target communities. Contrary to the view emergent from the supply data, this thesis shows that regional Victorians have strong levels of demand for creative arts. Results show higher than average levels of overall monthly arts expenditure, and strong demand for cinema, craft fairs or exhibitions, books, CDs and other music formats. Low levels of demand were noted for classical music, opera or ballet. Chi-Squared analysis and ordered probit results show that gender, age, festival attendance, education, and individual levels of overall arts expenditure are all determinants of creative arts demand. Analysis regarding impacts and key aspects of two regional arts festivals found that regional festival patrons are more likely to be female, local to the host region, have a middle income, and hold a high school or equivalent qualification. An econometric model, including two versions of an Ordinary Least Squares regression in addition to Tobit and probit estimations, was used to more accurately estimate individual expenditure characteristics, notably accounting for the zero-expenditure of attendees who are local to the host region. This thesis provides valuable contributions to knowledge regarding the supply and demand of creative arts in regional areas. It also provides practical insights for policy makers, festival organisers, and the regional arts industry.
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Birch, Elisa Rose. "The determinants of labour supply and fertility behaviour : a study of Australian women." UWA Business School, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0061.
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There are many potential determinants of women?s labour supply including wages, unearned income, human capital endowments, demographic characteristics and family traits. Fertility behaviour, including the number of children and age of children, is also an important factor in women’s labour supply decisions. Many factors which affect women’s decisions on participating in the labour market and hours of work are also key influences on their decisions on starting a family and having a desired number of children. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of labour supply and fertility behaviour of Australian women. Using cross-sectional data, labour supply models corrected for sample selection bias, and fertility models examining different aspects of family size, the thesis finds that women’s labour supply decisions are largely influenced by their wages and fertility behaviour. Their decisions on completed fertility, starting a family and having additional children are largely influenced by their actual or potential wages.
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Syverson, Peter D. "Engineering undergraduate enrollment and the engineering labor market: a lagged-supply analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44088.
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The relationship between economic and demographic
factors and the flow of new students into undergraduate
engineering programs was investigated. An empirical analysis
was undertaken based on a lagged-supply model developed
earlier by Richard Freeman. The analysis involved the
replication of the Freeman model over the 1948-1972 period,
the extension of the model through 1986, and the forecasting
of first-year engineering enrollments up to the year 2000.
The model developed in this thesis was able to a
accurately mirror the engineering enrollment trends from 1948
to 1986. The economic variables--especially R&D expenditures
and starting engineering salaries relative to median income
of college graduates--were found to be important factors in
the flow of freshmen into engineering. None of the
variables relating to demographic trends were found to
significantly related to first-year engineering enrollment.
The importance of the federal government's role in the
engineering labor market through research and development
funding is discussed, along with forecasts of possible trends
in first-year engineering enrollment.Master of Arts
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com, emmayuen@hotmail, and Emma Yuen. "Water Consumption Patterns in Australian Aboriginal Communities." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051119.134422.
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Aboriginal Australians have a significantly lower health status than their non-Aboriginal counterparts. To facilitate healthy living practices necessary for good health, a high level investment is currently made in water services, on the assumption that there is a relationship between the volume and quality of water supplied with health outcomes, despite the high economic and environmental cost. This thesis investigates whether the current design supply criteria of 1000-1200 litres per person per day of water, meeting the Australian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines, is both sufficient and necessary to improve the health of Aboriginal Australians. The scope of the thesis is limited to the sufficiency of design guidelines although it necessarily also touches on the broader issues of Aboriginal health.
Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore current water consumption patterns of consumers at multiple hierarchical levels (community, household and individual) and hence the requirements of physical infrastructure on which consumers depend. Multiple linear regression was used to consider factors correlated with supply volume, while metering was used at both the domestic and appliance level to determine where and how water was used. Meters were installed on fixtures in two houses in a community near Alice Springs. This was then complemented by qualitative information obtained through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and observation in the field. The appropriateness of the supply of high quality water for all uses was addressed by considering the volume of drinking water intake and its impact on the derivation of water quality guidelines. This was achieved by a face-to-face survey involving 57 volunteers. Fieldwork was conducted predominantly in three communities near Alice Springs although some additional data was collected in other communities in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.
The results showed that the factors influencing water consumption were highly complex and variable between communities and individuals. However, there were some culturally specific needs identified in Aboriginal communities, such as the need for temperature and dust control, as well as the reduction of losses. The unique characteristics of each community made it difficult to provide a more precise estimate for design supply. As a result, overly conservative guidelines such as those already used are necessary in the short term despite there being no guarantee of improved health. In the long term, issues of community governance and capacity building will start to be addressed, and the realisation that social systems are both complex and dynamic will need to be reflected in policy. These issues were represented in a systemic conceptual model at the end of the thesis, which also highlighted inadequacies of reductionist approaches such as design supply guidelines. The thesis concluded that complex problem situations such as that of health, require a systems approach.
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Maya, Siyamthanda. "Developing an integrated career path with sustainable skills development for engineers : an Eskom Western Cape Operating Unit case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96221.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.Eskom as a recognised engineering company attracts a number of engineers yearly. Despite the success in attracting engineers, the state-owned utility has been raising concerns about a shortage of engineering skill. The case study sought to explore different programmes and processes Eskom has in place that will contribute in building and retaining the successfully attracted engineers. The aim of the study was to gain appreciation of current methods used for engineer career management. Furthermore, the intention was to make recommendations on the best way to ensure that an integrated career path for engineers in training for sustainable skills development is realised in all business units in the Western Cape Operating Unit (WCOU). The main question the research sought to answer is: What programmes and processes does Eskom have in place that will contribute to building an integrated Engineer in Training (EIT) career path for sustainable skills development? Secondary questions The investigative questions for the proposed research in support of the research question are as follows: - How do the current human resource management strategies and practices contribute to building an integrated career path for EITs in Eskom WCOU? - How do the Eskom WCOU business processes and organisational culture support the career developmental initiatives for EITs? - What career life cycle management approach is used by Eskom WCOU? Primary data for the research was gathered using two research instruments. These were a survey and semi-structured interviews. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from engineers that have been part of the EIT programme and that have been employed in the Eskom WCOU unit from 2005 to date. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from senior managers and the general manager in WCOU. Non-probability purposive sampling was used, as the intention of the research was specifically to gain knowledge about those involved in engineering careers in this province. The research revealed nine critical variables that influence sustainable engineer skills development in the province. These are: - Leadership - Employee approach to learning - Organisation structure - Mentorship and coaching - Peer reviews - Development programme - Cross divisional exposure - Sustainable engineer skills development. The findings revealed that the first three variables listed above, namely visible, supportive leadership, positive approach to learning by employees and better use of the current organisational structure, are the main drivers for sustainable skills development in the province.
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Udono, Ken, and n/a. "Modelling Seawater Desalination With Waste Incineration Energy Using Dynamic Systems Approach." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070110.164750.
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Water shortage issues have been growing concerns in many cities around the world in recent years, especially in Eastern cities of Australia, which is the driest continent on the earth. The aim of this PhD thesis is a development of a model to study the use of waste incineration energy supplemented by alternative energy to power seawater desalination. It is to aid the freshwater supply of a drought stricken city in Eastern Australia. My work contributes to a development of efficient model in a simpler understandable way to reduce efforts required for modelling complex multi domain problems. This research is motivated by the successive severe drought conditions that affected many Australian cities in the past few years, compounded with an additional strain from a fast growing population. While we dump our waste into the Australian landscape, in more densely populated cities in Europe and Asia, the waste is incinerated to obtain thermal energy for various purposes. The waste is used as an energy source while at the same time reducing the amount of space needed for landfill. Seawater desalination has been uccessfully practiced for quite some time particularly in the Middle Eastern countries. To deal with increasing water shortage crisis, many cities around the world have opted or are considering seawater desalination to supplement their freshwater supply. The combination of both - waste incineration and seawater desalination - has rarely been studied. This is a twofold problem that requires modelling the problem of water demand and supply together with waste incineration to find a sustainable solution. This is a complex task. The effort needed for this can be reduced by using a modelling approach that is more efficient than the traditionally used statistical approaches. In this thesis, I present a comprehensive model developed using a dynamic system approach combined with artificial neural networks. It simulates water demand and supply as well as the possible amount of the desalinated water that can be produced using the energy from clean city waste incineration. This is done while taking in various influential factors including population growth and irregular weather patterns. This research comprises a literature review on seawater desalination and waste incineration, the establishment of water demand and supply dynamics of Gold Coast City as my case study and identifying any modelling difficulties that need to be overcome. This is followed by the development of a comprehensive model and its components, model calibration and simulation experiments. It was found that with the energy of waste incineration, up to 60% of the freshwater demand could be fulfilled by seawater desalination in a sustainable way.
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"An economic analysis of the mismatch between demand and supply of engineers in South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8788.
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M.Com. (Economics)This paper examines two issues: Firstly, it analyses the mismatch between the demand and the supply of engineers in South Africa (SA) and secondly, it investigates the availability of engineers (to serve per 100 000 people) in SA during the period 2000 - 2008. The study applied Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) together with a battery of Matrix tools. The findings of this study revealed that both the demand and the supply of engineers were rising but at varying rates. Results from the mismatch index demonstrated that the supply index has marginally improved between 2000 and 2008. This discovery could be relatively ascribed to the surge in engineering graduates from technikons. Furthermore, the study discovered that the trend of the mismatch index shows a '. negative mismatch between the demand and the supply of engineers in SA. This may imply that the demand for engineers has been satisfied only by the supply from universities between 2000 and 2008. In the light of the shortage of engineers, it was discovered that the need arose considerably between 2000 and 2008, since population growth escalated more rapidly than the supply of engineers. Based on these findings the following recommendations are suggested: In the short to medium term, the South African government should embark upon strategies aimed at curbing the exodus of its skilled and experienced engineers. This could be achieved through the creation of congenial working environments for local engineers. Financial incentives, in the form of competitive remuneration, should also be considered. In the same vein, the South African government needs to re-examine its labour laws, in order to make significant adjustments which may enable the country to attract expatriate engineers, without lengthy delays. In the long run, the South African government needs to broaden the capacity of both secondary schools and universities in terms of the production of competent Science teachers and lecturers. In this regard, the South African government could send its Mathematics and Science teachers, lecturers and educators to countries that are leading these fields for quality training. The most likely positive outcome of this could be the increased number of competent Mathematics and Science educators in South Africa, which will in turn translate into well-equipped matriculants meeting the tougher demands of the Engineering degree programmes at both technikon and university levels.
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Sooklall, Rajeev R. "Economic changes and government policy on demand and supply of civil engineers in South Africa." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1299.
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South Africa, still very young in its democracy, has undergone numerous changes, both in terms of government and its economy. The new government with its challenge of righting the wrongs that apartheid left behind has bought about sweeping policy changes. Amongst these changes, was the implementation of new strategies in government's expenditure regarding infrastructure development. In addition, to address the transformation issue of improving representation, job opportunities and income amongst the previously disadvantage people, government brought about the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and the Affirmative Action (AA) policies. These changes have arguably had more of a negative impact than a positive one, especially concerning civil engineering professionals in both the private and public sector. This dissertation discusses the above policies and the effects upon the demand and supply of civil engineers, technologists and technicians in South Africa. Since 1994 the South African government has steadily increased its budget towards infrastructure development. The recession during the seventies and eighties has created major problems with regards to secession planning which has resulted in the high skills shortage within this industry. The other factor that has contributed heavily to the skills shortage is the implementation of BEE and AA, as many civil professionals have left the industry or the country. The increase in infrastructure development in South Africa highlights the shortage of civil engineering professionals and the supply issues associated with perceptions within the industry coupled with the poor maths and science marks of matriculants not meeting the minimum university or technikon entry requirements. The trend at eThekwini municipality shows that there are more technicians and technologists than engineers. The municipality is finding it difficult to employ engineers as there are few in the industry and that, private firms are offering them much higher salaries. The results of the research show that both job satisfaction and salaries are important issues for civil engineering professionals that are currently in the industry. In addition, a small percentage indicated their willingness to leave the country due to the high crime rate, safety for their family and high salaries being offered abroad. -Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2007.
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Matsushige, Hisakazu. "The internalisation of the labour market in the Australian vehicle building industry." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131906.
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This thesis discusses the internalisation of the labour
market in the Australian vehicle building industry in the
light of three important factors: institutions, firmspecific
human capital and internal information about
workers' ability. Despite institutional hindrances, some
of which are specific to the labour market in Australia,
there appears to be a high degree of internalisation in
the Australian vehicle building industry. Since
internalisation is a feature of labour markets operating
in many different institutions and circumstances, the
thesis explores whether and how economic factors, firms-pecific
human capital and internal information about
workers' ability, promote internalisation of labour
markets.
The review of human capital theory and methodologies
used thus far to test the importance of firm-specific
human capital formation as a factor in labour market
internalisation suggests that direct observation and
documentation of skill formation are a necessary
supplement in investigating the existence of firm-specific
human capital in workers' skill and knowledge. The analysis of jobs at each level of the job hierarchy
calls into question the prevalent claim tha-c firmspecific
human capital is a significant cause of the high
degree of labour market internalisation.
The statistical analysis of wage data, on the other hand,
suggests strongly that internal information about
workers' ability is a key factor in the internalisation
of labour markets. The major part of wage movement is
explained by the accumulation of internal information on
workers' ability during employment. This conclusion is
also supported by the analysis of wage and skill data.
Finally, it is suggested that labour markets are more
likely to be internalised in industries which require
large-scale production processes.
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Wood, Peter. "A conceptual exploration of marine research tourism in Australia: a study of the conceptual, supply, and demand nature of marine research tourism in Australia." Thesis, 2010. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/19034/1/01front.pdf.
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Marine research tourism (MRT) is defined as marine ecotourism whereby non-specialist volunteers or tourists pay for a volunteer vacation or conservation holiday to help marine wildlife managers in marine research and contribute financially to that activity (adapted from Ellis, 2003a; Benson, 2005). Examples of MRT organisations worldwide are Biosphere Expeditions, Blue Ventures, Coral Cay Conservation, and Conservation Volunteers Australia. Although Hughes (2008) and Dunstan (2009) have presented case studies of MRT, this thesis is the first study of MRT both on a global and regional (i.e. Australia) scale.
This thesis has investigated the conceptual, supply, and demand nature of MRT with a specific focus on Australia. This investigation was supported by three research questions which ask 1) what are the key features of MRT worldwide and in Australia; 2) what are the shared and contested views of different supply-side key stakeholder groups about MRT in Australia; and 3)what are the preferences of potential MRT tourists for specific MRT products in Australia and why?
Each research question was investigated with a specific research study. Study one explores and describes the manifestation of MRT across a representative sample of MRT products (n=85) worldwide and in Australia. Study two acquires and compares the views of supply-side key stakeholders (n=70) about the supply, demand, and potential for MRT in Australia. Study three measures and describes the preferences of potential MRT tourists (n=311) for different MRT products (n=12) across Australia and associated benefits (n=25). The design and analysis of each study is based on a proposed conceptual framework for MRT that includes; scientific tourism, ecotourism, wildlife tourism, marine tourism, educational tourism, and adventure tourism, volunteer and vacation mindedness; scientific research, environmental conservation, and community development (derived from Benson, 2005; Coghlan, 2007; Ellis, 2003a; Clifton & Benson 2006; Cousins, 2007; Brown & Lehto, 2005; Whatmore, 2008; Lorimer, 2009).
Study one validates the proposed conceptual framework for MRT with the caveat that community development does occur but is not a consistent feature across all MRT products. Orams' (1999) spectrum of recreational marine opportunities and Brown and Lehto's (2005) volunteer and vacation minded concept are found to be dominant influences on MRT. Additionally, SCUBA diving, skilled scientific tourists (e.g. university science students and other marine science enthusiasts), marine wildlife tourism, volunteers and backpackers, were found to notably affect the nature of MRT.
Study one finds that higher quality marine research can be achieved by attracting skilled scientific tourists via MRT products with increased physical adventure, SCUBA diving, environmental remoteness, offshore sailing, tranquillity, higher costs per day, and shorter trips. In contrast, longer term marine conservation is associated with coastal products that involve volunteer tourists and backpackers. These products are associated with lower costs per day, longer duration, and less comfort and hospitality for the tourist.
In world terms, Australia can be considered to be a hotspot for MRT with twenty four percent (n=30) of worldwide MRT products (n=125) occurring in Australia. When compared with MRT elsewhere, Australian MRT is characterised by a prevalence of small and independent organisations (80%). These smaller organisations are typified by liveaboard MRT products that operate in isolated, uninhabited and/or pristine locations, and marine research that focuses on coral reefs, whales, sea birds, sharks, and dolphins. Skilled scientific tourists are more often attracted to those MRT products.
In contrast, MRT elsewhere is dominated by UK or USA owned (87%) larger and/or international MRT organisations (99%) such as The Earthwatch Institute, Coral Cay Conservation, and Greenforce. Those larger organisations are typified by coastal or island-based operations, volunteer mindedness, backpackers, and volunteer tourists, less comfort for the tourist, more skills training, more interaction with local communities, and coral reef and turtle MRT products.
Study two examines the views (n=232) of supply-side key stakeholders about the supply, demand, and potential for MRT in Australia. Eight aspects of MRT are identified and described namely; driving forces, major factors, benefits, physical constraints, opportunities, issues, contested views, and shared stakeholder views. Driving forces for MRT in Australia include an increasingly educated, active, conservation volunteer focused, environmentally responsible, marine documentary watching, and alternative tourist market who are seeking to connect with the marine realm through a MRT product.
Eighty eight percent of respondent views were shared across key stakeholders groups. This can act as a basis for consensus and subsequent collaboration amongst key stakeholder groups for future Australian MRT. However, twelve percent of views were contested. These views indicate that many Australian Government marine researchers and managers will have issues about their involvement in MRT. Their overall issue is that MRT is a tourism enterprise and Government marine research programs are serious endeavours that should not cater to the needs of tourists nor be dependent on funding from tourism.
Study three identifies a set of relationships between, market segments, preferred benefits, and MRT products. Nature documentary viewing, snorkelling experience, SCUBA experience, gender, and age significantly influence the interest of potential MRT tourists for specific MRT products. A MRT tourist's interest in MRT products is found to be influenced by their preferences for marine discovery and exploration, learning from experienced researchers, fun, social interaction, and skills training. A key outcome is twelve tables that describe the relationships between MRT market segments, products, and associated benefits.
Findings from studies one, two, and three are then combined to develop an integrated model of the conceptual, supply, and demand nature of MRT. This model shows MRT to be a tourism phenomenon with many interacting governing, supply, and demand factors that given the right external circumstances can develop into many MRT products with important scientific, environmental, and social benefits.
Finally, from this model, MRT is defined as marine ecotourism where skilled and nonskilled scientific tourists explore and discover marine phenomena, and learn through experienced marine scientists and/or enthusiasts. It is also typically focused on charismatic megafauna; governed by the nature of the marine environment; offers a passive and/or active experience; delivers significant marine research, conservation biology, and/or educational outcomes; and a rich tourist experience.
Books on the topic "Engineers Supply and demand Australia"
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Harvey, Edward B. Engineering supply and demand, 1988-1998. Toronto: Technical Service Council, 1988.
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Hyndman, J. C. G. Doctors in Western Australia, 1993: The national medical labourforce : Western Australia survey. Perth: Dept. of Public Health, the University of Western Australia, 1994.
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Soni, N. K. Investment and output coefficient for engineers and engineering technicians and methodology for estimation of requirement of engineering degree and diploma holders. New Delhi: Institute of Applied Manpower Research, 1987.
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Australia. Dept. of Resources and Energy. Energy demand and supply Australia 1960-61 to 1984-85. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1987.
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Lewis, Philip. Demand, supply, and adjustment in the teachers' labour market. Murdoch, W.A: Murdoch University, Economics Programme, 1990.
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Fuchs, Mariana. Diagnóstico sobre la demanda futura de ingenieros. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ministerio de Cultura y Educación, Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias, 1995.
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Ishii, Masamichi. Kōgakubu sotsugyōsei no shinro to shokugyō ishiki ni kansuru Nichi-Bei hikaku. [Tokyo]: Kagaku Gijutsuchō Kagaku Gijutsu Seisaku Kenkyūjo Dai 1 Chōsa Kenkyū Gurūpu, 1993.
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Ballario, Celia. O mercado de trabalho de mulheres e homens do CREA-SP. [São Paulo, Brazil]: CREA-SP, 1999.
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Davis, Scott T. Amerika ni okeru kagakusha oyobi gijutsusha no kyōkyū, shūgyō kōzō. Tōkyō: Nihon Rōdō Kenkyū Kikō, 1993.
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Policy, United States Congress House Committee on Science and Technology Task Force on Science. Demographic trends and the scientific and engineering work force: Hearings before the Task Force on Science Policy of the Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, February 19, 20, 27, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Engineers Supply and demand Australia"
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Silberston, Aubrey. "Technology and Economic Progress: The Supply and Demand for Scientists and Engineers." In Technology and Economic Progress, 1–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19655-5_1.
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Ishii, Nobuaki, and Tsunehiro Togashi. "A Capacity Planning Method for the Demand-to-Supply Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Proceedings of the Institute of Industrial Engineers Asian Conference 2013, 181–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-98-7_22.
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Hill, Lisa, Max Douglass, and Ravi Baltutis. "The Effects of False Campaign Statements." In How and Why to Regulate False Political Advertising in Australia, 15–22. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2123-0_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter we explore the short- and long-term effects of false election information on electoral and other democratic processes from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. We examine the supply and demand side of the mis- and disinformation stories, drawing on the literature in behavioural economics and psychology to explain the underlying mechanisms at play in the demand side (consumers) and the motivations on the supply side (producers). We show that, due to the high stakes and unavoidably competitive nature of modern elections on the one hand, and perverse financial incentives within the information market on the other, election mis- and disinformation will be difficult to combat without a legal remedy.
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Abu-Siada, Ahmed. "Preface." In Recent Advances in Renewable Energy, i. UAE: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681085425117020001.
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Due to the continuous resources’ reduction and cost increase of conventional fossil fuel along with the global trend to decrease the greenhouse effect, clean energy production from renewable sources has been given a global great concern. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy conversion systems have received a worldwide notable attention. It is expected that more than 10% of the global electricity demand will to be generated by wind energy conversion systems by the year 2020. During their early implementation stage, wind turbines were to be disconnected during abnormal and fault conditions within the electricity grid it is connected to. Owing to the fact that current wind installations supply a significant portion of the load demand, disconnecting windfarms may lead to business interruption and discontinuity of power supply to the end user. As such, transmission line operators have developed strict grid codes that wind turbine generator must meet to maintain its connection to support the grid during various fault conditions. To comply with these codes, flexible AC transmission systems have been widely used with current wind energy conversion systems to modulate reactive and/or active power at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine generator and the grid. This book presents the applications of various flexible ac transmission system devices to wind energy conversion systems. Devices such as unified power flow controllers, superconducting magnetic energy storage and static synchronous compensator are covered in this book. Topologies, control systems along with case studies of the aforementioned devices are presented and discussed. This book will be useful for postgraduate research students, upper-division electrical engineering students and practicing engineers.
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Huang, Samuel H. "Understanding Customer Demand: Forecasting." In Supply Chain Management FOR ENGINEERS, 25–58. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15032-2.
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Huang, Samuel H. "Satisfying Customer Demand: Inventory Management." In Supply Chain Management FOR ENGINEERS, 103–38. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15032-4.
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Huang, Samuel H. "Matching Supply with Demand: Aggregate Planning." In Supply Chain Management FOR ENGINEERS, 59–102. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15032-3.
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Medhekar, Anita. "Australia-India." In Emerging Business and Trade Opportunities Between Oceania and Asia, 57–86. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4126-5.ch004.
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India is Australia's fourth largest export market and investment destination, and fifth largest trading partner, with access to a large and youthful market of 1.4 billion population. In 2018, India was the second largest source of skilled professionals after the UK and third largest source of immigrants after the UK and New Zealand. Increasing number of Indian nationals and businesses are choosing Australia as a destination of choice for education, tourism and for doing business. The Independent India Economic Strategy – 2035 was launched on 22 November 2018 for promoting bilateral trade and export market for Australian goods, services, and investment opportunities for mutual economic benefit. This chapter examines the economic significance of bilateral trade relationship between Australia and India and opportunities and challenges faced by the two countries with focus on education, tourism, health, agri-business, alternative energy, and mining sectors to meet the demand and supply gap and the sustainable development goals.
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Yadav, Atul Kumar, Lalit Tak, and Vasundhara Mahajan. "Customer-Operated Solar Photovoltaic System to Improve the System and Customer Reliability." In Computational Methodologies for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 175–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3327-7.ch014.
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In this chapter, the advantage of distributed generation can be seen in terms of system reliability and reliability of customer load. The solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is one of the distributed generations that may lead to the supply of electrical energy. The customer at the site of load demand mainly uses the SPV system. The installation of the SPV system is advantageous for the electrical load demand. Solar systems have greater efficiency for supplying both types of load (i.e., thermal and electrical) simultaneously. The modeling of two power system components (i.e., generation and distribution) can be performed using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The data used for generation modeling is taken from IEEE-RTS (reliability test system) and data for the distribution system is obtained from IEEE-RBTS (reliability busbar test system). The reliability parameters such as average energy not supplied (AENS) and loss of energy expectation (LOEE) are evaluated for the analysis of individual customer reliability and overall system reliability simultaneously.
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Adamson, Elizabeth. "Policy structures in Australia, the UK and Canada." In Nannies, Migration and Early Childhood Education and Care. Policy Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447330141.003.0004.
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This chapter provides a comprehensive account of the policy details that shape the supply and demand of in-home childcare in each country. Based on a structural approach to analysis, the different funding mechanisms, eligibility criteria, regulatory requirements and migration rules are detailed to compare and contrast how in-home childcare is supported by governments in each country. It focuses on how nannies and other forms of in-home childcare are situated within ECEC structures, but also considers broader policy influences, namely immigration policy and regulation. The second part focuses on the intersection of these policy mechanisms to highlight some tensions and inconsistencies in governments’ approaches to supporting in-home childcare. This chapter provides a foundation for Part 2 of the book, which turns to the rationales and implications of in-home childcare policies.
Conference papers on the topic "Engineers Supply and demand Australia"
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Hosseinzadeh, Nasser, and Steven Senini. "An Innovative Linkage of Curricula Design, Power Engineering Industries and Universities in Queensland Australia to Promote Engineering Education." In 2007 IEEE Meeting the Growing Demand for Engineers and their Educators 2010-2020 International Summit. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mgdete.2007.4760378.
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Denker, Christian, Florian Fortmann, Marie Christin Ostendorp, and Axel Hahn. "Assessing the Fitness of Information Supply and Demand during User Interface Design." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100616.
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User interface design of nowadays safety-critical human-machine systems has a significant impact on human operator situation awareness (SA). SA is composed of three levels including the perception (level 1), comprehension (level 2) and projection (level 3) of information. A significant part of accidents can be attributed to level 1 error. This means that human operators have problems to satisfy their information demand with supplied information during task performance. While thoroughly checking user interface designs for information gaps is a standard in professional system design it is a time consuming and error prone process. In this paper we introduce an information gap model, which allows investigation of inconsistencies between information supply and demand. We present a method to detect information gaps and assess the fitness between information supply and demand. The method can be executed semi-automatically. We show the method’s implementation into an integrated system modelling environment and demonstrate the application with an autopilot component in a course change task on a ship bridge. We performed an expert evaluation with maritime system engineers and a human factors ergonomist to estimate the applicability, benefits and shortcomings of the method. Overall, the evaluation results are promising and warrant further research of the method.
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Anandavel, Lithicka, Ansh Sharma, Naveenkumar S., Suresh Sankaranarayanan, and Anis Salwa Binti Mohd Khairuddin. "Intelligent Demand Forecasting Using Deep Learning." In International Technical Postgraduate Conference 2022. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.141.7.
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One type of energy demand is the electricity demand, which measures the electricity consumption Wh (watt-hour). Forecasting this electricity demand is very crucial and plays a fundamental role in the electrical industry, as it provides the basis for making decisions in the operation and planning procedures of power systems. Forecasting is important for development experts and are of great interest to energy authorities, power utilities, and private investors. Inaccurate projections can have disastrous social and economic implications, whether they over-or under-predict demand. Supply shortages and forced power outages occur from underestimating demand, wreaking havoc on productivity and economic growth. Overestimating demand can result in overinvestment in generation capacity, financial hardship, and, eventually, higher power costs. This paper has validated several methodologies such as ARIMA, XGBOOST, LSTM and Bi-LSTM towards forecasting the energy demand for different regions of Australia during different season. The models were validated towards energy demand forecasting in terms of error and accuracy resulting in LSTM with 2 layers outperforming the other models.
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Aiken, Paul R., and Diane M. West. "Demand & Supply for Science and Technology Teachers at the Secondary and Tertiary Level within Jamaica and wider CARICOM Region." In 2007 IEEE Meeting the Growing Demand for Engineers and their Educators 2010-2020 International Summit. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mgdete.2007.4760372.
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İncekara, Ahmet, and Elif Haykır Hobikoğlu. "Eco-innovation as a Determinant of the Importance of Sustainable Economic Development: World and Turkey Examples." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01170.
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In modern societies, because of the continuity of change and transformation, innovation became one of the hallmarks of community life. Studies which mainly started by engineers in the field of environment, nowadays became a work area in many branches of science. Although eco-innovation has supply or demand side determinants, there are some corporate and political effects. Negative interaction with the environment of the societies of the world has become a risk for the sustainable existence. It also revealed the need for eco-innovation. Eco-innovation examined in four main sectors such as recycling, building and construction, food and beverage, and green businesses. Businesses can also become a part of the transformation and the concept has emerged that called green businesses. Contribute to the formation of eco-labeling has provided public awareness. Netherlands, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Turkey are examined, said that Turkey's eco-innovation in the early period.
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Ratnayake, R. M. Chandima. "Making Sense of 3D Printing/Additive Layer Manufacturing in Offshore Petroleum Industry: State of the Art." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54537.
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Three-dimensional printing (3DP)/additive layer manufacturing (ALM) allows the cost-effective and fast fabrication of parts with intricate/complex external and internal structure via the addition of material layer-by-layer in a controlled environment. Hence, 3DP/ALM related technology has a significant potential to mitigate most spare parts related challenges present in the offshore petroleum industry. That is especially the case in offshore petroleum operations in remote locations and harsh environments (e.g. Arctic operations), when parts can be printed on-site upon demand. Digitalized and localized supply chains enable the minimization of delivery lead-times. This is vital when there is a significantly large lead-time involved for spare parts to come from a warehouse or manufacturer. Putting multiple parts together into one minimizes future inspection and maintenance challenges, where, without 3DP/ALM, it is too expensive or impossible to produce with the existing conventional manufacturing approaches. Mass customization and 3D visualization allow industry leaders, engineers and technicians to gain a better understanding of the equipment operation. This manuscript provides a comprehensive investigation of the potential to use 3DP/ALM in general and within the offshore petroleum industry. In addition, it suggests a methodology for investigating optimal parameter settings (i.e. designing of parameter combination) when a 3DP/ALM machine supplier’s manual does not specify the parameter combinations for a certain metal and/or when the end-product requirements demand certain metallurgical properties and mechanical characteristics.
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Kulkarni, Sukrut Shridhar, Marliana Bt Mohammad, Sharifah Nooraini Bt Syed Tahir, Frankie Kia Yong Tan, and Masnizah Bt Supu. "Situational Analysis of Complex Offshore Network for Strategizing Sequence for Green Field Development." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200933-ms.
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Abstract This paper establishes the approach to strategize the appropriate sequencing and monetization of the green field development through performing situational analysis for the complex offshore facilities to recognize new hydrocarbon molecules. As prudent operator for the complex network its crucial to pursue strategic ideas and innovative concepts to optimize supply demand balance, fulfill contractual obligations to optimize resources to maximize value creation, whilst protecting investment decisions for hydrocarbon monetization for the green field development. It is therefore necessary to implement successful business plans with appropriate sequencing of new fields by robust assessment to decipher the pain points to achieve optimal solution by gaining better understanding of network characteristic, supply distribution and operating envelope for line ups of new green field development. Situational Analysis for the complex offshore system is defined as robust investigation of the surrounding facts/realities to scrutinize the unique features in terms of capabilities, risks, uncertainty, opportunity, and exposures. The approach followed in the paper is the creation of mathematical model for the network/infrastructure embedded with business rules and deployment for evaluation and optimization. This approach is to timely deliver the management decisions for developing sequencing strategy, establishing priority of supply guidelines and allocation principles. This paper describes that a state of art approach which was followed by developing end to end network model by simulation engineers with close collaboration with strategic planning, portfolio optimization and including operations in single platform. The simulation model was further validated and deployed to analyze current network impediments in terms of technical and commercial allocation principles. The modelling approach was kept straightforward and scalable to allow for the future development if any. Analytics of the modelling could assist in gauging the potentials for enhancing system capacity by implementing appropriate reforms to optimize evacuation strategies. Obstacles across system architecture could be estimated and its reconfiguration was planned by means of variations in operating philosophy, alterations in the network assembly with appropriate debottlenecking recommendation. The allocation principles applied during business plans consider the commercial element on initial basis, before instead the physical and technical constraints were evaluated. The results of the allocation were then simulated and reallocated back to relevant demand center with relevant technical constraints of the network. This enabled team to identify the gap for supply/demand and propose solution to address the gap at an enterprise level to be substantial, to build a case whereby monetization of green fields will be necessary. Above methodology describes how by developing an end to end mathematical model that summarizes the microscopic details of a complex offshore system to facilitate on the way to analyze and strategize new field development line-ups. The novelty is with the simulation model built in a single platform, allows a seamless data transfer from various elements such as fields, facilities, pipelines, and terminal and is one stop solution for accessing impediments across architecture The above approach elaborates on result matter approach that steer and advocate on the situational analysis for new field sequencing by ascertaining CAPEX /OPEX optimization that could steer decision of lining up of four new fields within span of two years at appropriate intensity of the network with optimal monetization.
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Chagas, Felipe, Paulo R. Ribeiro, and Otto L. A. Santos. "Well Control Simulation With Non-Aqueous Drilling Fluids." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96736.
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Abstract The demand for energy has increased recently worldwide, requiring new oilfield discoveries in order to supply this need. Following this demand increase, challenges grow in all areas of the petroleum industry especially those related drilling operations. Due to hard operational conditions found when drilling complex scenarios such as high pressure/high temperature zones, deep and ultradeep waters and other challenging ones, the use non-aqueous drilling fluids became a must. The reason for that is because this kind of drilling fluid is capable to tolerate these extreme drilling conditions found in those scenarios. However, it can experience changes in its properties as results of pressure and temperature variations, requiring special attention during some drilling operations, such as the well control. The well control is a critical issue since it involves safety, social, economic and environmental aspects. To support well control operations and preserve the well integrity, well control simulators are very useful to verify operational parameters and to assist drilling engineers in the decision making process during well control operations and kick situations. Well control simulators are also important computational tools for rig personnel training. This work presents well control research and development contributions, as well as the results of a computational well control simulator that applies the Driller’s Method and allows the understanding the thermodynamic behavior of synthetic drilling fluids, such as n-paraffin and ester base fluids. The simulator employed mathematical correlations for the drilling fluids PVT properties obtained from experimental data.The simulator results were compared to a test well data set, as well to published results from other kick simulators.
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Reinecke, Royce M. "An Assessment of the 107th U.S. Congress Energy Policy Debate in the History of Energy Use and Development in the United States." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33136.
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The national energy policy debate in the 107th US Congress may mark a significant milestone in the development of energy use and conversion technologies in the United States. It has been said that the result of this congressional energy policy debate was an expensive statements that, despite proposed tax breaks and subsidies for everything from solar power and hybrid cars to coal and nuclear power, may accomplish little — with not much either on the supply or the demand side that’s going to make any difference to the American public. This paper provides an insider assessment of how the debate developed, what energy policy decisions were or were not made, and what the implications are for the development of energy use and conversion technologies going forward. This debate may represent the final exhaustive struggle of long-held, but misguided, ineffectual and limited-vision policies that date to the 1970s. In combination with the September 11 events, this stalemate may open the door to new, fresh, global perspectives on meeting the energy needs of people throughout the world, including in lesser developed countries such as Afghanistan. Engineers and entrepreneurs are advised to understand the seminal implications of the 107th congressional energy policy debate on future energy use and conversion technologies.
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Kass, Kyle J., and F. Todd Davidson. "Feasibility of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Within Existing USACE Facilities: a Methodological Approach." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69416.
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Abstract Variable, renewable energy (VRE) generation such as solar power has seen a rapid increase in usage over the past decades. These power generation sources offer benefits due to their low marginal costs and reduced emissions. However, VRE assets are not dispatchable, which can result in a mismatch of the electric supply and demand curves. Pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) seeks to solve this by pumping water uphill during times of excess energy production and releasing the water back downhill through turbines during energy shortages, thus serving as a rechargeable battery. Creating new PSH systems, however, requires a large amount of capital and suitable locations. The United States Army Corps. of Engineers (USACE) is the largest producer of hydroelectric power within the United States, and as such, may have favorable sites for the addition of PSH. This study seeks to develop a method for evaluating these existing hydroelectric facilities using techno-economic methods to assess the potential for adding PSH. Each USACE facility was evaluated based on site specific characteristics from previously unpublished data to estimate the power generation and energy storage potential. The temporal nature of local wholesale electricity prices was accounted for to help estimate the financial feasibility of varying locations. Sensitivity analysis was performed to highlight how the method would identify the viability of facilities with different operational conditions. The methodologies detailed in this study will inform decision-making processes, and help enable a sustainable electric grid.
Reports on the topic "Engineers Supply and demand Australia"
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Romer, Paul. Should the Government Subsidize Supply or Demand in the Market for Scientists and Engineers? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7723.
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Anzolin, Guendalina. Productive Development Policies in the Mining Value Chain: Policy Opportunity and Alignment. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003886.
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Natural resources are an important source for development, and Latin America is one of the regions with the highest endowment. This calls for a reconsideration of resource-based development. Ambitious countries are moving toward high-value activities and more diversified economies to continue moving up the development ladder. In this sense, the resurgence of industrial policy can correct market failures and lead to the implementation of mission-oriented policies. This document analyzes opportunities to design and implement integrated policies through a revised taxonomy of mining-related policies, applying it to Australia, South Africa, and Chile. The mining sector has been a fertile field, characterized by high technology niches, growth, and innovation. Demand and supply policies can shape the path for development within the sector and across the economy due to the potential of vertical and horizontal linkages.