Journal articles on the topic 'Engineering tertiary studies and gender'
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Crump, Barbara J. "THE NEW ARRIVAL MINORITY: PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR FIRST-YEAR TERTIARY PROGRAMMING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (2004): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.v10.i1.20.
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Dendup, Tashi, Sangay Wangmo, and Ugyen Yangchen. "ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN STEM AND ARTS SUBJECTS IN BHUTAN: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE." Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR) 3, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v3i3.147.
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Academic performance disparities among the gender of students are the cause of concern. Numerous explanations for academic performance disparities, especially in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and Arts subjects between male and female students, are established in many countries. However, similar studies in Bhutan, especially at the tertiary education level, are scant. Therefore, this study mainly assessed i) students’ perception of STEM and Arts subjects, ii) compared male and female academic performance in STEM and Arts subjects, and iii) studied students' perception of the factors affecting their academic performance. Data were collected from 265 students of four constituent colleges (two Science and Arts colleges each) of the Royal University of Bhutan using semi-structured questionnaires. A multistage sampling (comprising a mixture of purposive and random) was employed. The research used a quantitative approach with descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, t-tests, and binary logistic regressions). The result showed no significant association between students’ gender and their choice of subjects. At Science colleges, female students outperformed male students. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the performance of male and female students at Arts Colleges. Overall, females (71.63 ± 6.35) outperform male (69.57 ± 7.80) students. Hence, there are no stereotypes in STEM and Arts subjects among Bhutanese undergraduate students. However, future research could include parents and lecturers to gather their perspectives on STEM and Arts subjects. Variables, including study hours, communication skills, and Bhutanese Educational Policies, should also be thoroughly investigated as factors affecting students' academic performance
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Pakkiyaretnam, Mayurathan, Vaithehi Rajeevan Francis, and George Rajeevan Francis. "Study of respiratory disorders at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka during lockdown." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 03 (2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9301.
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COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading new viral infection causing an unprecedented global pandemic. Sudden lockdowns and curfews imposed throughout countries and continents have caused a significant impact on global health systems. As the scientific community focused its attention on the pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of other medical illness including respiratory illnesses went largely neglected. This study was designed to determine the pattern of respiratory disorders at Teaching Hospital Batticaloa, Sri Lanka during the lockdown period, specifically looking at the prevalence of age, gender, place of admission and pattern of respiratory disorders among admitted patients with respiratory conditions. It was a cross sectional descriptive study done retrospectively among all the patients with non-COVID related respiratory illnesses admitted to medical wards and intensive care units (ICU) of Teaching Hospital Batticaloa, Sri Lanka during a one month period of first lockdown (11.03.2020 to 10.04.2020) due to COVID-19. They were compared with the patients of respiratory illnesses admitted one month (11.02.2020 to 10.03.2020) prior to the lockdown. Our study revealed 215 admissions before the lockdown and 86 admissions during lockdown with respiratory diseases. Total number of admission before lockdown was 2340 and during the lockdown this number reduced to 1376. Age distribution demonstrated that the highest number of patients (about 25%) admitted with respiratory illnesses during both study periods was within the age of 61-70 years. Gender distribution confirmed that male admissions were higher before lockdown (58%) and female admissions were slightly higher during lockdown (51%). The study showed that inward admission was 212 and 78 before and during lockdown and ICU admission was 3 and 8 before and during lockdown respectively. Further analysis revealed ICU admissions had increased and ward admission has been reduced during lockdown. Most common respiratory disorders among admitted patients before and during lockdown were lower respiratory tract infections, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbation of asthma. Therefore these three diseases were analysed separately. It showed there was a significant reduction of these three cases during lock down. These findings were closely related to the available data from other countries. In conclusion, the number of admissions to the hospitals with respiratory disorders during COVID-19 lockdown was significantly reduced. Exacerbations of asthma and COPD and lower respiratory tract infections were the common disorders during lockdown even though there was less number of patients. More females within the age group of 61-70 years were admitted. Interestingly a higher number of admissions to the ICU were noted during lockdown. We assume that less exposure to allergens and triggering factors during lockdown and wearing face masks and practicing good healthy hygienic measures may contribute to the reduction in number. Moreover late presentation with more severe disease status may be contributing for higher ICU admissions. However, these assumptions and explanations need further studies to prove.
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Malla, D., S. Maharjan, A. D. Rajouriya, B. B. Karki, P. S. Shrestha, C. Shrestha, D. Shrestha, and M. R. Bajracharya. "Study of technetium pertechnetate (99mTcO4) thyroid scintigraphy imaging among patients presenting with thyrotoxicosis at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology Association of Nepal 6, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jdean.v6i1.50350.
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Background: Thyroid disorders represent an important public health problem worldwide. Excess thyroid hormone in the circulation due to any cause is termed as thyrotoxicosis. There are many causes of thyrotoxicosis, and it is important to find the cause as this will determine the management of the condition. 99mTcO4scintigraphy is diagnostic tool to differentiate various causes of thyrotoxicosis. This study aims to study the age and gender distribution of different causes of thyrotoxicosis.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of technetium pertechnetate(99mTcO4) thyroid scintigraphy reports done of patients having thyrotoxicosis from the period of January 01, 2016, to December 31, 2016, at the Nuclear Medicine unit of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. Gender and age group analysis of the data was done using SPSS program.
Results: A total of 211 reports of 99m TcO 4 thyroid scintigraphy were included in the study. There were 61 male patients and 150 female patients. Various causes of thyrotoxicosis like thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, autonomous functioning thyroid nodule, toxic multinodular goiter was detected. Apart from toxic multinodular goiter, these disorders were more common in the age group 18-50 years and females.
Conclusion: 99mTcO4 thyroid scintigraphy is one of the easy and highly effective tools for the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Both thyroiditis and Graves’ disease are more predominant in the age group 18-50 years and in females. Further large community-based studies will be required for exact prevalence of the diseases in the population.
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Hussain, Amjad, Muhammad Nadeem, Radhia Khan, Muhammad Khalid, Komal Iqbal, and Muhammad Ishfaq. "Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia Amongst Patients Infected with Helicobacter Pylori at Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167919.
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Background: Anemia is a worldwide public health issue, prevalent in both industrialized and developing nations. In recent studies, an infection with H. pylori has been linked to a variety of hematological problems like iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Objective: To find out the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia amongst patients infected with helicobacter pylori Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional carried out at the department of medicine, Qazi hussain Ahmad Medical Complex for duration of one year from 20-July 2020 to 30-July 2021. To determine the iron deficiency anemia, blood samples were taken from all the patients and sent to the concerned laboratory of the hospital for the required diagnostic tests. All the analysis of data was done by using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In this study totally 100 patients were included. There were 48 (48%) males and 52 (52%) females’ patients. The mean age in the current study was 39.11 (±10.12) years. Overall, iron deficiency anemia was observed in 35 (35%) patients. Based on the stratification of iron deficiency anemia with age and gender, no significant association was observed (p˃0.05). Conclusion: Our study concludes that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia amongst patients infected with helicobacter pylori is high. Our study recommends screening of all iron deficiency anemia patients of unknown cause for helicobacter pylori infection. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; Helicobacter pylori; Infection
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Ghafoor, Muhammad Tariq, Syeda Sabahat Haider, Naureen Kauser, Sadaf Shahzadi, Sohail Sabir, and Sajida Nasim. "Comparison of Milligan Morgan Versus Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy in Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1017–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221661017.
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Background and Aim: Hemorrhoids are common anorectal problems that cause fear by bleeding, pruritus burden, and thrombosis pain. Prolapse and hemorrhoids are managed by stapled hemorrhoidectomy (SH). Initially, Stapled hemorrhoidectomy seemed to be a good alternative for Milligan Morgan (MM) hemorrhoidectomy verified by various studies. However, recent studies found that long-term assessment of stapled hemorrhoidectomy gives poor outcomes in terms of postoperative complications and patient’s satisfaction. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the Milligan Morgan versus stapled Hemorrhoidectomy in patients attending Tertiary Care Hospital. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out on 120 patients at the Department of Surgery Unit-I Sheikh Zayed Medical College Rahim Yar Khan from 1st May 2021 to 31th April 2022. All the patients of either gender with an age range from 18 years to 60 years after 2nd degree hemorrhoids failure of multiple rubber band ligations and 3rd and 4th degree hemorrhoids were enrolled. Concomitant anal disease patients such as ano-rectal cancer, fissure, fistula, and abscess were excluded. Patients were divided into two categories: Group-I Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy and Group-II Milligan Morgan. Post-operative complications such as stenosis and urinary retention during hospitalization were recorded. All the data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The overall mean age of Group-I and Group-II was 46.78±12.66 years and 48.91±14.82 years respectively. Each group comprised 60 patients. Out of the SH group, 35 (58.3%) were males and 25 (41.7%) were females. Of the MM Group-II, male and females were 44 (73.3%) and 16 (26.7%) respectively. About 53 (88.3%) patients in Group-I and 32 (53.3%) patients in Group-II had relief from bleeding and other symptoms. The surgical duration in Group-I and Group-II was 22.9 ± 12.9 minutes and 34.8 ± 9 minutes with statistical significance (p=0.000) respectively. The vessel spurting ligation and postoperative hemorrhage was developed in 5 (8.3%) in SH group patients. Post-operative bleeding and intervention was found in 26 (43.3%) patients in Group-II. The prevalence of postoperative pain requiring analgesia was found in 20 (33.3%) in Group-I and34 (56.7%) in Group-II respectively. After treatment, fecal incontinence was developed in none of the patients in both groups. The postoperative complications such as anal tag, tenderness, bleeding, urinary retention, and wound discharge were higher in Group-II as compared to Group-I with statistical insignificance (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The present study found that hemorrhoids could be effectively treated by Stapled hemorrhoidectomy compared to Milligan-Morgan procedure in terms of postoperative pain, hospital stay, and usage of analgesics, reduced postoperative complications, patient’s satisfaction, and time taken for operation. Beside lesser complications, fecal incontinent, severe pain, and other complications could result from stapling technique. Post-operative pain and complete pain relief was significantly lower in MM group. Hospitalization in the SH group was shorter than the MM group. Hemorrhoid recurrence was null in both SH and MM group. Keywords: Hemorrhoid Surgery, Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy, Milligan-Morgan
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Tsakalerou, Mariza. "Understanding the Factors Influencing Women’s Career Trajectories in STEM Education in Kazakhstan." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): pp230–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.186.
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Although female researchers in Kazakhstan account for 53% of the total, those engaged in science, engineering, and technology fields (STEM) account for less than 45% of the STEM total. A similar pattern is experienced with respect to tertiary education students in Kazakhstan with the percentage of undergraduate women being 58% of the total, but only 32% of the undergraduate students in STEM. Thus, the phenomenon of "leakage" from the STEM educational pipeline starts early and persists, albeit ameliorated with advanced degrees. This study seeks to identify the barriers that deter Kazakhstani women from entering STEM disciplines, from persisting through their studies, and from pursuing successful academic careers. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which various socioeconomic and institutional factors shape the perception of women towards STEM fields. The major methodological instrument employed is a set of qualitative interviews of female faculty in STEM, designed and calibrated for the local context. The interviewees were randomly selected from one of the largest local universities with a broad spectrum of STEM disciplines. The proportion of indigenous female faculty members in STEM disciplines in this university is less than 25%. The preliminary results reveal that the key barriers are disrupted work-life balance, cultural stereotypes, poor self-assessment, and gender-based discrimination on an institutional level. In addition, factors such as availability of research facilities, job autonomy, involvement in decision-making procedures, and encouragement from the institution emerge as critical facilitators for effective female careers in STEM. The conclusions of this study are expected to inform the development of appropriate questionnaire instruments towards a larger study across a section of tertiary education institutions in Kazakhstan.
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Putri, Desy Pratiwi Ika, Desi Anggreani, and Aji Prasetya Wibawa. "Prediksi Lama Studi Mahasiswa Menggunakan Naïve Bayes Berdasarkan Aspek Sosial Ekonomi Mahasiwa." Mobile and Forensics 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/mf.v2i1.2137.
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Perguruan tinggi merupakan satuan penyelenggara pendidikan tinggi sebagai tingkat lanjut jenjang pendidikan menengah di jalur pendidikan formal. Kualitas perguruan tinggi, khususnya perguruan tinggi di Indonesia diukur berdasarkan 9 standar utama. Salah satu aspek yang berpengaruh ialah mahasiswa dan lulusan. Ketepatan waktu studi mahasiswa adalah hal yang penting dalam perguruan tinggi. Ketepatan waktu mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan studi menjadi salah satu penunjang penilaian kualitas perguruan tinggi. Metode Naïve Bayes dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi ketepatan lama studi. Klasifikasi Naïve Bayes dalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa variabel yang sangat erat kaitannya dalam menyelesaikan studi khususnya pada aspek sosial ekonomi mahasiswa. Adapun variable dari sisi sosial dan ekonomi tersebut diantaranya jenis kelamin, nilai IPK, tempat lahir, tipe sekolah, jumlah keikutsertaan organisasi, tingkat ekonomi, dan dukungan orang tua. Pada penelitian ini, metode Naïve Bayes diimplementasikan pada kasus prediksi lama studi mahasiswa menggunakan 200 data set. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat rata-rata akurasi sebesar 80,5% dengan menggunakan K-Fold Cross Validation diperoleh standar deviasi 3,02%.   Higher education is a higher education provider unit as an advanced level of secondary education in the formal education pathway. The quality of tertiary institutions, especially tertiary institutions in Indonesia, is measured according to 9 main standards. One influential aspect is students and graduates. Timeliness of student studies is important in higher education. Timeliness of students in completing their studies is one of the supports for assessing the quality of higher education. The Naïve Bayes method can be used to predict the accuracy of the study duration. Naïve Bayes classification in this study uses several variables that are very closely related in completing studies, especially on the social economic aspects of students. The social and economic variables include gender, GPA, birthplace, type of school, number of organizational participations, economic level, and parent support. In this study, the Naïve Bayes method is implemented in the case of prediction of student study duration using 200 data sets. The results showed an average level of accuracy of 80.5% using K-Fold Cross Validation obtained a standard deviation of 3.02%.
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Memon, Nadeem, Shabnam Rani, Rajkumar ., Dolat Singh, Majida Memon, and Muneer Sadiq. "Lipid Profile Abnormalities among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II, Presented at Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 442–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611442.
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Objective: To determine the lipid profile abnormalities among diabetes patients presented at tertiary care Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectionals study was done at medicine out patient’s department (OPD) at Muhammad Medical College Mirpur-Khas, from September 2020 to September 2021. Patients of type II diabetes mellitus, presented at medicine OPD, aged more than 40 years, diabetes duration more than three years and both genders were included. A five ml blood sample was obtained in fasting from each case and sent to the Hospital laboratory to assess the HbA1c and lipid profile. All the data was collected via a structured study proforma, and the analysis was done using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: In this study, 67 known diabetic patients were studied to observe the frequency of lipid profile abnormalities. Patient’s mean age was 51.64+10.32 years, mean BMI was 25.20+3.23 kg/m2 and mean Hba1c was 7.84+2.94%. Males were in majority 61.2% and females were 38.8%. Out of all 56.7% patients had lipid profile abnormalities. There was a positive correlation between hba1c and triglyceride level and a significant positive correlation between hba1c and total cholesterol level (r = 0.431, p = 0.001). Frequency of lipid profile abnormalities was statistically insignificant according to gender and duration of disease (p=>0.05). Conclusion: Lipid profile abnormalities were observed to be highly frequent among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The early identification and treatment of dyslipidemia in individuals with DM seems to be a significant aspect of lowering the risk of DM-related morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Diabetes type II, lipid profile, Hba1c
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Amjad, Rubab, Abdul Haseeb, Zeenia Khan, Zahra Moeen, Hira Butt, and Maria Jabbar. "Association of Socio-Demographics with Oral Para Functional Habits." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167545.
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Objective: To find the association of sociodemographic factors with oral parafunctional habits. Methodology: A Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in College of Dentistry, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore over a period of 5 months from July to November 2021. Data was collected using medical questionnaire and ten item personality inventory scale (TIPI). Results: The association of nail biting with gender (p=0.315), marital status (p=0.653), occupation (p=0.137) and education level (p=0.081) was not significant. Similar was the case for teeth grinding and gender (p=0.223), marital status (p=0.927), occupation (p=0.711) and education level (p=0.197). The association of teeth clenching habit with gender (p=0.174), marital status (p=1.000), occupation (p=0.349) and education level (p=0.362) was not significant. The association of the parafunctional habits of biting hard objects and chewing gum with sociodemographic factors was also not significant. Conclusion: It was seen that the majority of females, unmarried, unemployed individuals and those with tertiary level of education reported to have the habit of nail biting, teeth grinding and teeth clenching, biting on hard objects and chewing gum. Keywords: sociodemographic factors, nail biting, teeth clenching, teeth grinding, lip biting
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Ahmed, Aqeel, Muhammad Mohsin Riaz, Mohammad Faizan Riaz, Sadaf Zahid, Tooba Ahmad, and Aleezay Tariq. "Malnutrition Among Pre-Dialysis Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167520.
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Objective: To determine the frequency of malnutrition among pre-dialysis patients of chronic kidney disease presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Nephrology department, Jinnah hospital, Lahore during the year 2019, we enrolled a total of 200 pre dialysis patients of both gender presenting with chronic kidney disease. In All patients underwent measurement of weight in kilogram using digital weighing machine while height was measured by measuring scale with precision of 1mm using standard protocol. BMI was calculated, and all findings were recorded. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 80 years with mean age of 47.605±8.34 years. Male gender was dominant in this study with 73% patients as compare to 27% females. Malnutrition among pre-dialysis patients was seen in 46% patients. Conclusion: Pre-dialysis CKD patients frequently experience malnutrition. Malnutrition rates rise with both age and declining renal function. These patients require frequent and early evaluations of their nutritional status. Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Pre-dialysis, Malnutrition
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Chukwu H.C, Uro, Uro Chukwu H.C, Uro Chukwu H.C, U. O. Anyanwu,, U. O. Anyanwu,, and U. O. Anyanwu,. "Common Clinical Presentations of GBV Survivors Seen Between 2020-2022 at a GBV Clinic in a Tertiary Care Referral Facility in South East Nigeria." Journal of Woman's Reproductive Health 2, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2381-862x.jwrh-22-4228.
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Background Gender based violence (GBV) refers to any violence targeted at an individual or group on the basis of their gender. It could occur in different forms with several clinical manifestations. The authors have described several clinical manifestations of GBV in a tertiary health centre, knowledge of which would help in case identification and early clinical management. Methods Retrospective descriptive study of all clients seen at a gbv clinic over a sixteen months period.Data was obtained from case records and clinical presentations were entered into excel. Data analysis was done usingIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25. The results were presented in frequency tables and graphs Results Of 86 clients studied, 56(65.1%) were of pediatric age (< 18years) while 30(34.9%) were adults with a mean age of 18.33+11.64(range 1-64years).72(82.6%) belonged to the low social class. Physical abuse in the forms of battering, human bite, walking and sitting disturbances, hearing loss possibly from slapping or hitting and red eye possibly from trauma on the eye, constituted 37.6% of the clinical presentations. Other presentations were; sexual abuse in the form of forced sex which constituted 34.9%, while gynaecological / obstetrics presentations in the forms of bleeding per vagina, pregnancy due to forced sex and vaginal pain made up 13.9%. Emotional/psychological abuse was observed in all clients irrespective of their different presenting complaints. Conclusion While various forms of physical abuse were common, emotional abuse was present in all clients but masked probably due to prioritization of physical injuries. Therefore we recommend that all GBV survivors be screened for psycholocal abuse and psychotherapy given.
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Khalid, Muhammad, Iftikhar Ali Kakar, Haris Khan, Muhammad Haroon Shahid, Hazrat Abbas, and Muhammad Salman. "Prevalence of aspiration Pneumonia in Stroke Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610569.
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Background: One of the major health problems after stroke is aspiration pneumonia which might cause death. Aspiration pneumonia occurs in patients both with ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Objective: To assess the prevalence of aspiration Pneumonia in stroke patients Methodology: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Medicine department, Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Nowshera from July 2020 to July 2021. By using pre-designed Performa, all the data including stroke type, name, age and gender of the patient and diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia were documented. All the analysis of the recorded data was carried out by employing SPSS version 24. Results: In the current study, totally 180 patients were enrolled. There were 102 (56.67%) males participants while female participants were 78 (43.33%). On the basis of age distribution, 69 (38.335%) patients were observed in age group 40-60 years whereas 111 (61.67%) patients were observed in age group 61-80 years. The mean age (SD) in the current study was 61 (3.11) years. Based on type of stroke, 117 (65%) patients were observed with ischemic stroke whereas 63 (35%) patients were observed with hemorrhagic stroke. The overall frequency of aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients was 15.56% (n=28). Practical implication: Our study will provide physicians with new data that early diagnosis for aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients should be done to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates. Conclusion: Aspiration pneumonia is highly prevalent in stroke patients in our setting. Our study recommends that early diagnosis for aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients should be done to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates. Keywords: Prevalence; aspiration Pneumonia; stroke; diagnosis; morbidity; mortality
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Chakkour, Mohamed, Ali Salami, Dana Olleik, Israa Kamal, Fatima Y. Noureddine, Ali El Roz, and Ghassan Ghssein. "Risk Markers of COVID-19, a Study from South-Lebanon." COVID 2, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/covid2070063.
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Background: COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was declared by WHO in early 2020 as a worldwide pandemic. Several known risk markers are associated with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, including age, gender, and diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown an association between COVID-19 infection and the ABO blood groups. Objective: To assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among suspected COVID-19 patients as well as the risk markers for COVID-19 associated with ABO blood group, Rhesus factor, and patient’s address during the past year. Methods: 69,019 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected and analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients attending a tertiary health care center in South Lebanon during the period between August 2020 and July 2021. Results: Among all tested subjects, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.9% to 19.5%). Among those with known blood group (N = 17,462), odds of SARS-CoV-2 were higher in group A (Odds Ratio = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.23) and group AB (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.41) relative to the reference group O (OR = 1). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 in the Rh-negative group (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.16) were not significantly different from the Rh-positive group. Among those with known address (N = 30,060), odds of SARS-CoV-2 were lower in residents of remote areas (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.99) relative to central cities. Conclusion: There is a modestly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with blood groups A and AB, and a lower risk associated with living in remote, less crowded regions.
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El-Helaly, Mohamed, Hanan H. Balkhy, Khan Waseem, and Sahdia Khawaja. "Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study." Toxicology and Industrial Health 32, no. 12 (July 9, 2016): 2002–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233715610043.
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Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that exposure to cleaning chemicals among health-care workers (HCWs) is associated with respiratory disorders and ventilatory function changes. This study aimed to further explore this association using a longitudinal approach. A prospective 2-year follow-up study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to June 2014 among 56 nurses who were responsible for disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments and equipment. The workplaces of the participants were assessed for engineering, environmental, and safety control measures. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all participants to assess their exposure to cleaning chemicals and their medical history. Spirometric parameters were measured for all nurses in 2012 (baseline) and again in 2014 (follow-up). The prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms did not increase significantly over this time. Among all the spirometric parameters, only forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio decreased significantly, and only 10.7% of participants who were exposed to cleaning chemicals for more than 10 years had FEV1 and FVC less than their longitudinal normal limits at the end of the study. Smoking and gender were associated with statistically significant decreases in some of the spirometric parameters. Our 2-year follow-up study did not demonstrate significant association between exposure to cleaning chemicals among HCWs and changes in the prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms, but indicated early effects on ventilatory function among them. The study highlights the importance of periodic spirometry, proper work practices, and effective control measures to protect HCWs against potentially harmful workplace chemicals for disinfection and sterilization.
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Umar, Qasim, Rizwan Hameed, Muhammad Asif Gul, Yasir Abbas Zaidi, Shehryar Kanju, and Dure Shahwar. "Efficacy of Sofosbuvir, Daclatasvir and Ribavirin Combination Therapy in Treatment Naïve Hepatitis C Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital of South Punjab." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168224.
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Introduction: Hepatitis C has gradually become endemic in Pakistan, with infectivity rates one of the highest in the world. The emergence of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has become a ray of sunshine in eradicating this menace from this region. The combination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir and ribavirin (SOF/DACLA/RIBA) has had phenomenal success all over the world in eradicating this virus. Our study aims to see the effectiveness of this regime in this part of the world. Methods: After approval from the institutional review board (IRB), retrospective analysis of data of treatment naïve patients who have been treated with the above mentioned regimen was collected to assess the efficacy by calculating the sustained virological response (SVR) at 12 weeks after completion of therapy. Results: Data of 300 patients (172 females, 128 males) was collected. Mean age was 39.66 years. Majority (almost 90%) of patients were from District Multan Age range was from 18 years to 60 years. Eighty-three percent of the patients were non-cirrhotics, 15.7% had compensated cirrhosis, while only 1 % had decompensated cirrhosis. Out of the 300 patients, 291 patients had undetectable HCV RNA on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 12 weeks after completion of treatment, achieving SVR rates of 97%. There was no significant association of SVR rates with gender and age of patients. Conclusion: The combination of SOF/DACA/RIBA is highly efficacious for treatment of hepatitis C patients. Keywords: sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, efficacy, sustained virological response, hepatitis C
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Rahman Khan, Mohammad Mahbubur, Md Samiul Islam, Abdul Khaleque, and Rabin Chandra Halder. "Osteosynthesis of Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture by Cannulated Hip Screws." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 34, no. 2 (March 8, 2022): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v34i2.58565.
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Introduction: The reduction and fixation of femoral neck fractures within 12 hours is considered optimal. However, studies have reported insufficient fracture reduction, rather than surgical fixing time, is a predictor of complication. In our country, patients attend tertiary care facilities late, ranging from days to even weeks; hence 12 hours principle is frequently violated. The present study assessed the outcomes of surgically treated femoral neck fracture with cannulated cancellous hip screws within two weeks of the injury. Methods: This prospective study observed 19 patients with traumatic intracapsular femoral neck fracture aged between 18 to 60 years and injury to surgery time up to 2 weeks. For the fixation of the neck, three standard cannulated screws (7.3mm cancellous) were inserted according to the "3 Point Principle". Data regarding demographic variables, baseline variables of fracture personality, and outcomes variables were recorded. The final outcome was sassed according to Harris Hip Score. The relation between the duration of fixation and the final outcome was analyzed. Result: 19 patients with femoral neck fractures were included in the study. The mean age of the 19 patients was 36.58 ±11.93 years, with 16 (84.21%) of them from the male gender. The minimum duration from injury to operation time was 2 days, and the maximum duration was 13 days. Among 19 patients mean duration was 6.58 days with SD =±2.99 days. 73.6% of the cases had the surgery within 7 days of sustaining the injury. According to Harris Hip Score, 17(89.60%) of the cases had a satisfactory outcome. The relationship of final outcome with injury to operation time was not statistically significant (p = 0.421). This means there was no difference in Harris Hip Score between operations done early or late. Conclusion: The time interval from injury to surgery did not influence the functional outcome. Cannulated screw fixation is a viable option in treating femoral neck fracture. TAJ 2021; 34: No-2: 122-128
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Ahmad, Fareena, Mahwish Saeed, Iram Rani Hashmi, Muhammad Khurram Ilyas, Noor Fatima Haroon, Shamima Abdullah, and Amina Tariq. "Incidence of Facial Palsy and its Impact on Quality of Life of Patients." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167508.
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Objective: This study was planned to assess the frequency of facial palsy in general population and its impact on the quality of life of patients. Method: This descriptive crossectional investigation was conducted in Neurology department of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore from March, 2021 to June, 2022. Sample size was 168 patients with facial palsy out of 246. Data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for gender, incidence of facial palsy and quality of life. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age. Results: Total number of patients had facial palsy were 168 out of 246 which was 68.29%. Males were 36.90% whereas females were 63.10%. Face palsy of left side was found among 34.25% patients and 65.75% patients had facial palsy of right side. Conclusion: Incidence rate of facial palsy was above average and patients reported poor quality of life after facial palsy. Keywords: Facial Palsy, Quality of Life, Depression, Facial nerve.
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Jabbar, Abdul, Muhammad Nazir, Romesa Khero, Permanand ., and Muzaffar Qayum Khan Ghouri. "Association between Anterior Alveolar Dimensions and Different Vertical Facial Patterns." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167565.
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Objective: To determine the association of anterior alveolar dimensions with different vertical facial patterns at a tertiary care Hospital. Material and Methods: This Cross-sectional study took place in Orthodontic Department, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, during 6 months form June 2018 to December 2018. Patients with age group 18-30 years and both genders were included. All the subjects were divided into three groups, Average face (Subjects with LAFH-TAFH ratio of 56% -58%), short face (Subjects with LAFH-TAFH ratio of <55%) and long face (Subjects with LAFH-TAFH ratio of >59%), The vertical facial pattern was calculated from TFH i.e., the LAFH and TAFH ratio All the data was recorded by the study proforma for the purpose of analysis. Results: Total 90 patients were studied; their mean age was 21.12+3.47 years. Females were in majority 52.2% and males were 47.8%. Long face was 37.8%, short face 37.8% and average face were 24.4%. Mean upper posterior alveolus width was significantly higher in short face of vertical facial pattern, and mean of upper anterior alveolus height was higher in long face (p-<0.05). Mean of upper anterior alveolus width was significantly higher in average face of vertical facial pattern, and lower anterior alveolus height was markedly higher in long face of vertical facial pattern (p- 0.001). Though mean of lower anterior alveolus width and lower posterior alveolus width were insignificantly associated with vertical facial pattern. Vertical facial pattern was statistically insignificant according to gender p-value 0.226. Conclusion: There was a significant association between dimensions of anterior alveolar among different vertical facial patterns. Kewords: Anterior alveolar dimensions, vertical facial pattern
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Asghar, Muhammad, Munazza Khan, Sumaira Bakhtiar, Muhammed Shamoon, Afshan Hamid, and Zafarud din. "Comparison of the Covid-19 Infection Severity in Known Diabetic Patients vs. Known Hypertensive Patients Admitted in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 728–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169728.
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Objectives: To compare the severity of COVID-19 infection among known diabetic and known hypertensive patients who were admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted for comparison in diabetic vs hypertensive patients in the department of medicine of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar during the period from April-June 2021. All the patients were admitted in COVID ward and COVID ICU, showed their full consent and active participation in this study. Along with patient’s ECG and Echo report, a questionnaire based on Canadian categorization employed for angina grading and NYHA categorization to classify shortness of breath was used. Results: The mean age group taken for the sample was (n=140) with maximum age of 84 years. Majority were 102(72.9%) males and females were 38(27.1%). According to laboratory tests performed on patients of COVID-19 about 48(34.4%) of patients showed positive diabetes mellitus findings. Also, patients with positive hypertension found were 67(47.9%). The average stays of patients, at the hospital, was 15-40 days. About 58.3% of mortality was noted in patients with diabetes mellitus, a bulk of patients expired were from ICU-COVID-UNIT and 55.2% was the mortality rate in patients with positive hypertension according to our clinical findings and assessment. About 7.9% of COVID inpatients had cardiac infraction with severe condition and such patients who faced congestive heart failure expired. Almost 56(40%) of the patients were found with severe condition and 63(45%) were diagnosed with moderate condition during their stay at hospital. Conclusion: Regardless of age, gender and disease the death rate evaluated was 50%. Moreover, in diabetics and hypertensive patients there should be raised awareness for preventing the severity of disease. Keywords: COVID-19, Infection severity, Diabetic patients, Hypertensive patients, Tertiary care hospital, Pakistan
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Craig, Annemieke, and Jo Coldwell-Neilson. "An Initiative to Address the Gender Imbalance in Tertiary IT Studies." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 5 (2010): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/1154.
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Khan, Salman, Javaria Amil, Husnain Hashim, Amanullah Khokhar, Dur E. Huma, and Tahir Mukhtar Syed. "Frequency of Vitamin Cobalamin Deficiency in Macrocystic Anemia Cases Reporting at Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 1074–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221661074.
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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of vitamin cobalamin deficiency in macrocystic anemia cases reporting at tertiary care Hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: In Medicine department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sargodha and DHQ Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan for the duration of six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Total 210 cases of macrocytic anemia of both genders with ages 18-62 years were presented. Age, sex, and body mass index were among the specific demographics of the enrolled cases that were documented after receiving informed written consent. Ante-cubital fossa blood was sampled for 5 mL. To estimate the amount of vitamin cobalamin using an ELISA test kit, samples were centrifuged and sera were collected. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 210 cases, 130 (61.9%) were males and 80 (38.1%) females in this study. 70 (33.3%) cases had ages 18-35 years, 90 (42.9%) had ages 36-50 years and 50 (23.9%) had ages >50 years. Mean BMI of the presented cases was 24.66±14.49 kg/m2. We found that 180 (85.7%) patients had deficiency of cobalamin and 30 (14.3%) cases had normal cobalamin. Among 180 cases of cobalamin deficiency, 70 (38.9%) patients were severe, border line was found in 45 (25%) cases and deficient cases were 65 (36.1%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that patients with macrocystic anemia had higher number of vitamin cobalamin deficiency found in 85.7% cases. Majority of the patients were deficient and had severe deficiency of cobalmin. Keywords: Vitamin Cobalamin, Macrocystic Anemia, Severe Deficiency
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Blackburn, Jean. "Productive and excellent women: Equity, productivity, excellence and women in tertiary education." Australian Feminist Studies 1, no. 3 (December 1986): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.1986.9961514.
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Ihsen, Susanne. "Special gender studies for engineering?" European Journal of Engineering Education 30, no. 4 (December 2005): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043790500213144.
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Gandarillas, Marc. "Gender and language studies." FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 7, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2022.7158.
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In the present paper we analyze how divergence in language use across genders has received increasing scholarly attention since the late 1960s and –especially– early 1970s. While early research on the field is of-tentimes based on researcher introspection (Lakoff 1973), at this time we already find certain scholars that ap-proach the matter from a purely empirical perspective (Labov 1966). Since the very early precursors of gen-der and language studies, such preliminary analyses were pivotal in paving the path to more methodological-ly complex insights into the gender-language relationship (Nichols 1978, Trudgill 1988, Goodwin 1988). In more recent years, gender has started to be regarded as a complex dynamic social construction, which has prompted the use of more refined methodologies based upon the idea that stylisticvariation occurring within every speaker’s vernacular is not random but rather systematic.
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Ahmed, Awes, Khalil Ahmed, and Kashif Ali Shaikh. "Frequency of Surgical Outcome of Patients Who Underwent Basicervical Femur Fractures Treatment with Dynamic Hip Screw Combiner with Derotation Hip Screw at Teritay Care Hospital, Karachi." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611588.
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Background: A basicervical fracture occurs when the femoral neck breaks below its intertrochanteric connection1. It's between a femoral neck fracture, treated with cancellous screws, and an intertrochanteric fracture, treated with sliding screws2. Previous studies revealed basicervical fractures might be treated with the DHS like intertrochanteric fractures. Basicervical fractures are less stable than intertrochanteric fractures 3,4, hence the DHS alone may not lead to a good functional outcome 5. A basal femoral neck fracture is one type of femoral fracture. Objective: To determine the frequency of surgical outcome of patients who underwent basicervical femur fractures treatment with dynamic hip screw combined with derotation hip screw at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive Case study. Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. Duration: Six months after the approval of synopsis from August 23, 2019 to February 22, 2020. Methodology: JPMC in Karachi treated all included patients. Participants consented after learning about the study's methods, risks, and benefits. The wound was shaved and dressed the night before surgery. The patient's arms and legs were tied to the traction foot component using a fracture table. Image intensifiers were employed to verify the closed reduction. Straight cut from the greater trochanter down the thigh. Using an angle guide, a threaded guide pin was placed into the femoral head. Non-absorbable sutures closed the wound. Incision closed with suction drainage. All obtained data was kept in a performa and evaluated electronically for research. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 51.3±7.16 years. In distribution of gender, 67 (64.4%) were male while 37 (35.6%) were female. Surgical outcome was divided into two parts i.e. functional and radiological outcome. In Functional outcome 17 (16.35%) were having excellent hip score, 38 (36.55%) having good score, 22 (21.15%) having fair score while 27 (25.95%) having poor score. In radiological outcomes 33 (31.75%) had fracture reduction, 51 (49.02%) had fracture fixation, 20 (19.23%) had fracture union. Practical Implication: This study will help to determine the patient’s surgical outcomes on implying the dynamic hip screw combined with derotation hip screw, in treating basicervical femur fractures. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that DHS may allow better restoration of functional and radiological outcomes for the treatment of basicervical femur fractures in well selected patients that meet the indications for surgery whenever the technical competence and facilities exist. Keywords: Basicervical Femur Fractures, Dynamic Hip Screw, Derotation Hip Screw, Fracture, Hip Fracture
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Batóg, Jacek, and Barbara Batóg. "Engineering Studies in Poland: Gender Pattern." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2020-0052.
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AbstractModern economy requires knowledge and skills, which are acquired by future employees mostly in the fields of education including science and engineering. The increase in the number of graduates in this type of studies can be achieved in different ways, one of which is to create conditions and increase the propensity of women to obtain this type of education. The aim of the research presented in the article is to analyse long-term trends in the number of students and graduates in Poland, with particular emphasis on engineering faculties and the participation of women. Authors using dispersion and structural similarity measures and dynamic models showed that the total number of students and graduates and the number of students in engineering studies are characterised by different patterns. At the same time, in both cases a different structure of total students and engineers by gender was observed, as well as a growing share of women.
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Nešporová, Olga. "The Transition to Motherhood: Plans versus Reality in the Working Lives of Women with Tertiary-Education." Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/12130028.2015.16.2.222.
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Clarke, Valerie A., and Susan M. Chambers. "Gender-Based Factors in Computing Enrollments and Achievement: Evidence from a Study of Tertiary Students." Journal of Educational Computing Research 5, no. 4 (November 1989): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l4fc-y6ev-vlua-7n29.
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Fewer females than males enroll in secondary and tertiary computing courses. This has implications for both the national economy and for the development of women as individuals. Explanations for gender differences in enrollments place varying emphasis on 1) social learning explanations focusing on the importance of experience, encouragement from significant others, the provision of male role models, and the generalization of pre-existing attitudes to mathematics and science, 2) category-based explanations of computer selection and avoidance, 3) beliefs about gender differences in abilities, and 4) gender differences in attributions for success and failure. Using a sample of 222 Australian first year tertiary students enrolled in a compulsory unit of computer studies, data were collected from questionnaires and the university database. Initial gender differences in computing experience and attitudes were found. Women were less likely to intend to pursue further computing studies, although their achievement was comparable to that of men. Achievement related to computing experience and in the case of men, to mathematics experience. Intentions to pursue further computing studies related to attitudes to computing and, in the case of women to mathematics experience and attitudes to statistics. The results are discussed in terms of the different roles of prior experience and attitudes and the implications for changing women's attitudes to computing.
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Afua Nkrumah, Maame. "The Impact of Tertiary Students' Entry Characteristics and their Academic Performance." International Journal of African Higher Education 8, no. 3 (December 8, 2021): 73–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v8i3.14163.
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This article examines the effect of tertiary students’ entry characteristicson academic performance using the ‘value added’ approach and METPolytechnic, Ghana as a case study. The input-process–output-contextframework presented in the Global Monitoring Report (2005) by Scheerenswas used to select appropriate variables for the study. The studyfocused on three generic courses - African Studies, Communicative Skills,and Computer Literacy. Data from different sources, including secondarydata and administrative records from the Polytechnic were analysed usingmultilevel analysis. The overall effect of the selected variables was mixedand outcomes specific. For example, English language impacted positivelyon African Studies but negatively on second-semester Computer Literacy,while age and gender had a negative effect on first-semester ComputerLiteracy. Although the findings may not directly benefit analogous institutions,several lessons, including the need to create appropriate institutionaldatasets for future comparisons across institutions can be learnt.
Key words: Age, gender, department context, previous achievement, SES,‘value added’.
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Ntawiha, Philothere, Alphonse Benegusenga, Wenceslas Nzabalirwa, Gaspard Gaparayi, and Justin Nshimiyimana. "Gender Equality in Rwanda: What remains a stumbling block to full realization of gender parity in education." KIBOGORA POLYTECHNIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33618/kpscj.2018.01.010.
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Rwanda has made tremendous achievements in improving access of both males and females all levels of education. To this end, reforms and equity measures have been undertaken to promote gender equality within the Rwandan education system. However, while the proportion of female students is quite good at lower levels of education, it shrinks at higher educational ladder. In this perspective, enrollment, participation, completion and achievement rates of girls are still lower at secondary and tertiary levels compared to boys. Another discrepancy is observed in the fields of studies and university of choice. In fact, girls are more likely to enroll in courses related to social studies mostly available in private institutions rather than enrolling in science related courses available in public universities. Furthermore, females are under-represented in both academic and administration positions at secondary and tertiary levels of education. Therefore, the key objectives of this paper were to highlight the progress made towards achievement of gender equality, to identify the factors that contributed to that achievement, and finally to explore what remains a stumbling to full realization of gender parity in Rwandan education system. This paper was mainly a desktop research that used different official documents including statistics yearbooks, reports, and strategic plans among others. The study revealed that the number of girls outnumbered that of boys at lower levels of education, elimination of school fees, reforming curricula and establishing gender sensitive infrastructure contributed to this progress. Poverty and some traditional socio-cultural beliefs are key challenges to gender parity. Government and other stakeholders were recommended to sensitize and encourage girls to enroll in TVT and universities, and provide more gender sensitive infrastructure and amenities.
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Blackmore, Jill. "More power to the powerful: Corporate management, mergers and the implications for women of the reshaping of the ‘Culture’ of Australian Tertiary Education." Australian Feminist Studies 7, no. 15 (March 1992): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.1992.9994645.
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Fathallah, Judith, and Parakram Pyakurel. "Addressing gender in energy studies." Energy Research & Social Science 65 (July 2020): 101461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101461.
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Zakaria, Nor Balkish, Muhammad Rasyid, Norazida Mohamed, Dalila Daud, and Aida Maria Ismail. "Study Loan Defaults Among Tertiary Graduates." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n3p125.
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Educational Loan is an alternative of financial aids that is provided by the study funding agencies of Malaysia to reduce the economic burden of students in order to finance their studies at tertiary education level. Despite the increasing number of students who obtaining these educational loans, the issue of default in loan repayment among borrowers merely needs research attention. Thus this study aims to investigate the factors of study loan default among Malaysia tertiary graduates. Among the factors examined are family income, employment status and loan amount while respondents’ age, gender, marital status and education level are controlled. Questionnaires were distributed to 430 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor, Malaysia graduated respondents via online and 209 were returned The result of this study revealed that the employment status, loan amount and education level are significant to study loan default among Malaysian tertiary graduates. The results could serve some highlights to any study financing agencies to further understand their borrower intuitions in paying back loans they owed.
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Canaj, Kimete. "Gender Equality Policies and Gender Mindset in Kosovo." International Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52950/ss.2021.10.1.001.
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This paper discusses gender equality concerns within higher education, politics and examines the gender related policies introduced in Kosovo. Gender differences emerge in primary and secondary education partly because traditional gender roles and stereotypes tend to be reproduced in schools. These differences are then reflected in and further strengthened by the choices made and opportunities open to women and men at the higher levels of education and vocational training. Therefore, it is important to examine whether and how Kosovo attempt to combat these inequalities. Kosovo have designed policy and have supported projects targeting gender inequalities in education and incorporate specific gender equality provisions in legislation or in governmental strategies and make it compulsory for political parties to create their own gender equality policies. In politics are obliged 30% quotas for female places in Assembly, but in other Higher management positions are mostly males, for example in 6 public Universities all rectors and most deans are male. In Higher Education Institutions are two main concerns in Kosovo with respect to gender inequality in higher or tertiary education: horizontal and vertical segregation. Firstly, it is concerned about horizontal segregation, that is, the problem that women and men choose different fields of study in higher education, with women being under-represented in engineering and science. Secondly, it is also concerned about vertical segregation. This problem is related to the currently existing 'glass ceiling' in tertiary education: while women outnumber men amongst higher education graduates. They participation in Higher Education its slightly increased at the doctoral level, and there are even fewer women amongst academic staff in universities, or none of them as Rector but few of them as Vice-Rector at the managerial level in universities. These two issues and the policies intended to deal with them will be discussed in this paper. 1)University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina” since 1970, University “Ukshin Hoti” Prizren since 2010, University “Haxhi Zeka” Peja, University “Isa Boletini” Mitrovica, University “Kadri Zeka” Gjilan und University “Fehmi Agani” Gjakova since 2011
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Khan, Muhammad Uzair, Salman Sherin, Muhammad Zohaib Iqbal, and Rubab Zahid. "Landscaping systematic mapping studies in software engineering: A tertiary study." Journal of Systems and Software 149 (March 2019): 396–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2018.12.018.
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Prokopenko, Lyubov’ Ya. "GENDER STUDIES IN RUSSIAN AFRICAN STUDIES. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES THROUGH THE PRISM OF GENDER ISSUES." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 1 (2021): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-1-325-333.
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This article is an analytical review of gender science in Russian African studies. Under modern geopolitical conditions Africa is becoming an important vector of foreign policy and international economic cooperation for Russia. The development of further mutually beneficial ties between our countries requires expanding and deepening knowledge about each other. Russian scholars of Africa play an important role in that process. In recent decades significant gender shifts have taken place in a number of African states: women are taking an active part in public and political life, gender equality is being ensured at regional and national levels, including the electoral process which is one of the most accurate indicators of the democratization in society. It is noted that the realities and prospects in the formation of gender balance in social and political life in African countries have common trends, but in some cases the significant country specificity exists. The author of the article indicates the reasons for the considerable increase in the representation of women in legislative and executive bodies in several countries of the continent, as well as the obstacles that impede social and political activity of African women
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Munira, Serajum, Amzad Hossain, and Meherun Nessa. "The Perception of Using Language in Gender Disparity: A Study on Tertiary Level Students." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v5i1.726.
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This study aims at exploring the extent of linguistic varieties which are issues of gender disparity in our society. Language is the most advanced form of communication possessed only by humans. Linguistic elements direct our expressions, feelings and thought, and languages even help us transmit knowledge, ideas and beliefs from one generation to another. In fact, language is systematic as it follows rules. However, it is believed that men and women have a strong natural tendency to use different patterns of a language. Connection between language and gender attracted many researchers’ attention, but some critics of mid-twentieth century considered such studies to be purely feministic. With the passage of time, our social structure met considerable changes which influenced our languages. The objective of this project is to give reasonable answers to the questions regarding the gender speech differences in today’s world. Survey method was applied in order to maintain high standards of research ethics and improve the research quality. This study managed to engage 384 respondents; among them 51% were male and 49% female. According to survey data, 68% of the participants reported that women always tend to use exaggerated expressions and words that can assist in building rapport. Further, it involves finding out whether there is any difference between speech patterns of different age groups coming from the same gender. By delving into both historic and contemporary documents, this experiment will lead us to widen the scope of research on various ways of communication.
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Chudinova, Vera P., and Elena A. Kolosova. "CHILDREN’S READING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENDER STUDIES." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 2 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-2-89-98.
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The article shows approaches to the studying the children’s read- ing from the standpoint of gender socialization. There are major differences between the girls’ and boys’ reading due to several factors. The reading specifics of girls and boys in primary and secondary school age are given on the basis of data from sociological studies conducted in the last decade by sociologists of the Russian State Children’s Library.
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Munira, Serajum, Amzad Hossain, and Meherun Nessa. "The Perception of Using Language in Gender Disparity: A Study on Tertiary Level Students." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v5i1.708.
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The present study aims at exploring the extent of linguistic varieties which are issues of gender disparity in our society. Language is the most advanced form of communication possessed only by human beings. Linguistic elements direct our expressions, feelings and thoughts, and languages even help us transmit knowledge, ideas and beliefs from one generation to another. In fact, language is systematic as it follows rules. However, it is believed that men and women have a strong natural tendency to use different patterns of a language. Relationship between language and gender attracted many researchers’ attention, but some critics of mid-twentieth century considered such studies to be purely feministic. With the passage of time, our social structure met considerable changes which influenced our languages. The objective of this project is to give reasonable answers to the questions regarding the gender based speech differences in today’s world. Survey method was applied in order to maintain high standards of research ethics and maintain the research quality. This study engages 384 respondents; among them 51% were male and 49% were female. According to the survey data, 68% of the participants reported that women always tend to use exaggerated expressions and words that can assist in building rapport. Further, it finds out whether there is any difference between speech patterns of different age groups coming from the same gender. By delving into both historic and contemporary documents, this experiment will lead us to widen the scope of research on various ways of communication.
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P, Otambo, Mbui J., Ongeri L., and Kokonya D. "Association of Substance Use and Gender Based Violence among Students in a Tertiary Institution in Kakamega County, Kenya." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): p39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v1n2p39.
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Background: Substance use among college and university students remains an important area of research due to the implications of early substance dependence on the future of the youth. Prior studies from various settings indicate relatively high rates of substance use among students in tertiary educational institutions. However most of these studies were based on tertiary institutions in urban settings, and few have examined substance use and its association with Gender based violence. Objective: Study aim was to establish the prevalence and factors associated with substance abuse among students, and their relationship with Gender Based Violence in a tertiary institution in a relatively rural setting. Methods: The study was conducted in November 2018 after obtaining the relevant approval from KEMRI and from the university administration. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was collected using self-reported questionnaires across all the faculties among first to fourth year students. Focus group discussions were held with a group of students and Key informant interviews were also held with the institutional administrators and student leaders. Results: A total of 412 university students completed the questionnaires. Majority were males at 57.9% and average age was 21 years. The overall prevalence of substance use was 21.1% and the most commonly used substance was alcohol at 25%. The study found out that 90% of the participants had their first time use of substances between ages of 12-20 years with median age of 18 years.
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Tindan, Thomas N., Moses A. Abubakari, Victor Antwi, Philip Dorsah, and Dennis Offei Kwakye. "Gender Perspective of Interpersonal Relationships in Pre-Tertiary Schools as a Teacher Motivator." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2023-0007.
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Teachers are motivated by a variety of variables while they carry out their employment. However, the expected impact on teacher motivation has not been achieved as a result of the economic reasons. Numerous studies have demonstrated that social elements, such as satisfying interpersonal interactions, can spur people to pursue and accomplish a goal. But there has been a lot of silence over how this varies by gender. This made it necessary to conduct research to determine how interpersonal interactions (IR), specifically those between teachers and students, teachers and other teachers, and teachers and heads of schools in Ghana's Upper East Region (UER), affected teachers' motivation. A cross-sectional survey study design was used, and the data collection process used a mixed technique approach. Teachers at pre-tertiary institutions in UER in Ghana are the target demographic. 831 female and 1,719 male instructors from the area made up the sample. The data was gathered using a teacher motivation scale comprising 4 Likert scale questions and an interview schedule for focus group discussions. The findings demonstrated that interpersonal interactions at school (TP, TT, and TH) influence how instructors in pre-tertiary institutions in Ghana's Upper East Region (UER) carry out their duties, with TT offering the greatest incentive and TH the least. Although IR generally has no association with gender, Pearson's chi-square study revealed that TT as a teacher motivator is associated to gender. To encourage male and female teachers to fulfil their jobs, it is important to foster positive interpersonal interactions at pre-tertiary institutions. Being able to establish close relationships with one's co-workers is key to enjoying one's job as a teacher. Therefore, it is crucial that educators work hard to cultivate good relationships with their colleagues.
Received: 12 August 2022 / Accepted: 29 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
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Houle, Nicole. "Gender Gap or Gender Differences? Gender and Political Participation in Canada." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 14, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 297–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29849.
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Unequal participation in certain types of political engagement creates unequal influence on political and civil matters (Boulianne, 2022). Studies find that men and women tend to do a similar amount of political participation, with women engaging in more private and flexible forms, and men participating in more direct and collective forms (Bode, 2017; Coffé & Bolzendahl, 2010; Van Duyn et al., 2019; Pfanzelt & Spies, 2019). However, more data is needed when considering Canadian trends, especially when it comes to the causes of these trends. In this study, I conduct statistical analysis of secondary data from a February 2021 Canadian survey (n=1,568) designed by Dr. Shelley Boulianne. I determine which forms of political participation have gendered participation gaps and whether or not these are related to conflict avoidance tendencies and having political female role models. I find few gender differences in political participation. Some small gender differences persist in online forms of political participation, such as signing petitions online and commenting on news sites. Men were more likely post comments on news sites, compared to women; women more likely to sign online petitions, compared to men. As such, political participation moves online, the gender gap may be reproducing itself in online spaces.
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Smarzewska, Agnieszka, Ewelina Melaniuk, and Adam Szepeluk. "Bezpieczeństwo edukacyjne studentów z obszarów wiejskich." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 112 (January 13, 2016): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2015.112.55.
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It is the universities’ duty to discover and transmit knowledge and competences through scientific research and educating students. Decision to undertake university studies, among people from rural areas, is aimed at eliminating the possibility of educational exclusion. The aim of the article is to build a profile of a student from rural areas, divided by gender, in the context of meeting the needs and aspirations connected with education. When creating the student profile, only those characteristics that occurred statistically significant relationship with respect to gender, were taken into account. The results correspond with research conducted since the seventies of the twentieth century in Poland. There are similar results concerning the reasons to undertake tertiary education, choice of the faculties, and sources of information concerning studies.
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Olutola, Adekunle Thomas, Olufunke Omotoke Olatoye, and Rafiu Ademola Olatoye. "Assessment of E-Learning Resources Utilization by Students of Tertiary Institutions in Katsina State, Nigeria." Human and Social Studies 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2018-0014.
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Abstract This study investigated assessment of e-learning resources utilization by students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State. The descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. Three hundred and eighty-one (381) students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State were randomly selected for the study. A researchers’ designed questionnaire titled “Utilization of E-learning Resources Questionnaire” (UERQ) with a Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.85 was used to collect data. frequency, percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA statistics were used to analyse the data collected. Findings revealed that there is no significant difference in the e-learning utilization by students of tertiary institutions in Katsina State based on gender and agebut there is significant difference based on class levels and institutions. It was recommended that Nigerian tertiary institutions general studies curriculum should be re-designed to include e-learning utilization training to help the students understand how they can utilize e-learning resources.
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Hilpert, Jonathan C., Jenefer Husman, and Melissa L. Carrion. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ENGINEERING STUDENTS' IMAGINED FUTURES." Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 20, no. 3 (2014): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.2014007079.
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Tazo, Maria Inmaculada, Ana Boyano, Unai Fernandez-Gámiz, and Amaia Calleja-Ochoa. "The Gender Perspective of Professional Competencies in Industrial Engineering Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072945.
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Sexism and gender relations in higher education require special attention and are a topic of great interest in regulations related to education. The low participation percentage of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) studies has been identified as one of the main problems that must be resolved in order to close the gender gap that exists in the technology sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of professional competences on the selection of university studies according to the absence or presence of masculinization factors in those studies. Mechanical engineering competences, both generic and transversal, and competence acquisition methods, are classified into ‘care’ (feminine) or ‘provisions’ (masculine) concepts. After the competence analysis, it can be concluded that explicit engineering curricula are focused on “provisions”, which translates into a cultural perception of industrial engineering as a male profession. After a professional competence analysis in engineering studies at The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), our study identified a relationship between the masculinization factors included in professional competences and the selection of university studies. This paper presents working actions towards the incorporation of a gender perspective into the degree in mechanical engineering at the UPV/EHU.
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Ryan, Sarah E. "Rethinking gender and identity in energy studies." Energy Research & Social Science 1 (March 2014): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.02.008.
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Ahmad Kamil, Maisarah, Zachariah Aidin Druckman, Noor Hanim Rahmat, and Syafiqah Johan Amir Johan. "Who Cheats More?" International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 3, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v3i2.7358.
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Academic dishonesty (AD) is a significant problem in tertiary institutions worldwide, including Malaysia. The self-presentation theory suggests that AD may be committed in order to make or preserve a favourable image to others. Past studies have made the generalization that male students commit more AD compared to female women, however, few studies have looked into the actual differences in the instances and methods of AD across gender. Hence, the authors conducted a questionnaire to examine whether gender is a significant indicator of AD and whether there are differences in the types of AD committed. The results show that the male students outnumbered their female counterparts in all categories except crediting absent partners in group tasks. Findings of this study suggests that assessments should be designed to reward the quality, not the quantity, of output.
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Schmitz, Sigrid, and Göde Both. "Gender Studies Digital: Perspektiven, Angebote und Rahmenbedingungen. Ein Positionsportfolio." FZG – Freiburger Zeitschrift für GeschlechterStudien 27, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/fzg.v27i1.09.
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