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1
Delia Davila Quintana, Carmen, Jose-Gines Mora Ruiz, and Luis E. Vila. "Competencies which shape leadership." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 514–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-05-2013-0107.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse three dimensions of leadership behaviour in professional environments by disclosing the specific competency profile developed by those who actually lead in work organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from a graduate survey oriented to provide evidence on the transition from higher education to labour market, a structural equations model (SEM) is specified and estimated to explain leadership behaviour at work in terms of the competency profile developed by individuals and its determinants. The competency profile behind leadership behaviour is the combination of two elements: the competency accumulated through professional experience and the competency profile of individuals five years before, which was partially a result of higher education. The relationships are tested on two subsamples of graduates from engineering and business/economics fields, and on a sample of graduates from all study fields. Findings – Estimates show evidence of significant direct and indirect effects of a specific competency profile on three connected dimensions of leadership behaviour at work: tasks, relations and change. The results show direct effects of competency profiles at the time of graduation on competency profiles five years later, and of specific higher education ways of teaching and learning on competency profiles at the time of graduation. The effects are also significant by field of study with slight differences on estimates size and on the composition of effects. Originality/value – The analysis brings together leadership behaviour, competency development and education production literatures to help scholars and managers to better understand the relationships between the process of competency development and individual leadership behaviour in working environments.
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Shen, Hsi-Che, Yi-Chun Hu, Yu-Fen Chen, and Tao-Hsin Tung. "Prevalence and Associated Metabolic Factors of Gallstone Disease in the Elderly Agricultural and Fishing Population of Taiwan." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/876918.
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Purpose. To evaluate sex-related differences in the prevalence of and cardiovascular risk factors related to gallstone disease (GSD) in an elderly agricultural and fishing population of Taipei, Taiwan.Methods. The study sample consisted of 6511 healthy elderly participants (3971 men and 2540 women) who were voluntarily admitted to a teaching hospital for a physical checkup in 2010. The participants’ blood samples and real-time ultrasound fatty liver results were collected.Results. The prevalence of GSD in the study population was 13.2%, which increased significantly with population age (P<.0001). Women were associated with significantly higher GSD prevalence than men (14.8% versus 12.2%; for the chi-square test,P=.003). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, female sex, older age, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were significantly associated with GSD. Multiple logistic regression analysis also revealed that obesity (odds ratioOR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.44) and metabolic factors (one or 2 versus none,OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.08–1.76) were significantly associated with GSD in women but not in men.Conclusion. In the study population, female sex, older age, and MetS were associated with higher GSD prevalence. The population exhibited other sex-related differences.
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Sabbi, Kris H., Melissa Emery Thompson, Zarin P. Machanda, Emily Otali, Richard W. Wrangham, and Martin N. Muller. "Sex differences in early experience and the development of aggression in wild chimpanzees." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 16, 2021): e2017144118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017144118.
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Sex differences in physical aggression occur across human cultures and are thought to be influenced by active sex role reinforcement. However, sex differences in aggression also exist in our close evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees, who do not engage in active teaching, but do exhibit long juvenile periods and complex social systems that allow differential experience to shape behavior. Here we ask whether early life exposure to aggression is sexually dimorphic in wild chimpanzees and, if so, whether other aspects of early sociality contribute to this difference. Using 13 y of all-occurrence aggression data collected from the Kanyawara community of chimpanzees (2005 to 2017), we determined that young male chimpanzees were victims of aggression more often than females by between 4 and 5 (i.e., early in juvenility). Combining long-term aggression data with data from a targeted study of social development (2015 to 2017), we found that two potential risk factors for aggression—time spent near adult males and time spent away from mothers—did not differ between young males and females. Instead, the major risk factor for receiving aggression was the amount of aggression that young chimpanzees displayed, which was higher for males than females throughout the juvenile period. In multivariate models, sex did not mediate this relationship, suggesting that other chimpanzees did not target young males specifically, but instead responded to individual behavior that differed by sex. Thus, social experience differed by sex even in the absence of explicit gender socialization, but experiential differences were shaped by early-emerging sex differences in behavior.
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Hematian, Khadijeh, Shahla Alborzi, and Mohammad Khayyer. "Quality of Life of Iranian Vocational Students with and without Intellectual Disability." Psychological Reports 105, no. 3 (December 2009): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.3.738-746.
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The purpose of the present study was to compare the attitudes of individuals with and without intellectual disability toward their quality of life. Associations between demographic variables such as sex, age, father's education, and father's occupation and quality of life were also assessed. 40 people with intellectual disability from special schools were matched with 40 people from Shiraz Vocational Teaching Center on sex, age, and fathers' careers and educations. There was no significant difference between the two groups on total Quality of Life scores, but differences were found in subscales. The groups with intellectual disability reported higher scores on the dimensions of life satisfaction, competency/productivity, and social belongingness/community integration. The normal group scored higher on empowerment/independence. In the intellectual disability group, the father's career was a better predictor of quality of life.
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Dudusola, I. O., H. A. Bashiru, and I. Awojimi. "Morphometric traits of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) as affected by genotype and sex." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i4.77.
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Morphometric traits have been found useful in quantifying body size and shape and scientific information on them would be required for genetic improvement of turkeys. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sex and genotype on morphometric traits of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Linear body measurements were taken on 70 exotic turkeys (20 males and 50 females) and 80 locally adapted turkeys (30 males and 50 females) randomly selected from the Turkey Unit at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm. The linear body measurements taken and recorded were the beak length, head length, neck length, body length, keel length, wing span, wing length, drumstick, Shank length, toe length, tail length and body girth all taken in centimeters (cm) using a measuring tape. Data were analyzed with the GLM procedure of SAS and Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to detect differences among means. There were significant differences (p <0.05) between male and female turkeys with male turkeys having higher values as an expression of sexual dimorphism for all studied traits. Further, the male was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) than the females for all the morphometric traits measured both for the local and exotic type. The exotic type was found to be significantly (p <0.05) higher than the local type for all the morphometric traits measured. There were significant (p <0.05) interactions between sex and genotype with the male exotic having higher values of all the morphometric traits observed. It was concluded that turkeys are sexually dimorphic and that exotic type had higher body conformation and morphology than their locally adapted counterpart.
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An, Xiangming, and Chengliang Qu. "Blending Teaching Mode for Computer Courses in the Background of Emerging Engineering Education: A Case Study of Principle and Application of Database." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i12.14867.
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This study highlights the creation of a curriculum system and teaching mode that adapts to the information era. According to an analysis of the shortages of traditional teaching mode for the course Principle and Application of Database and the status of teaching, a blending teaching mode design in the background of emerging engineering education, a case-driven reversal experimental teaching technique, and an assessment mechanism formulated in accordance with an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are proposed. Relevant teaching activities are designed in detail. The new teaching mode considers the learning initiatives of students and individual acceptance differences. Assessment results and feedback from the data analysis of online investigation indicate that the improved teaching mode enhances teaching quality effectively. Moreover, the annual average growth of performance proportion that is better than “good” is 13% in the recent three years. Finally, the acceptability and satisfaction rates of students are higher than 90%.
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Enikuomehin, Adenike, Babatope A Kolawole, Olubukunmi D Soyoye, Joseph O Adebayo, and Rosemary T Ikem. "Influence of gender on the distribution of type 2 diabetic complications at the obafemi awolowo teaching hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.35.
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Background: Sex specific differences appear particularly relevant in the management of type 2 DM.
Objective: We determined gender specific differences in cardio-metabolic risk, microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetes patients, males and females, matched for age and disease duration were recruited from the diabetes clinic. Relevant clinical and laboratory information were obtained or performed.
Results: 190(47.5%) were male and 210 (52.5%) were female respectively. The mean age of the study population was 60.6 + 9.93 years. Women had higher prevalence of hypertension (and obesity. Mean total cholesterol was significantly higher in women but men were more likely to achieve LDL treatment goals than women (69.5% vs 59.0%, p<0.05). More women (47.1% & 31.4%) reached glycaemic goals of <10mmol/l for 2HPP and HBA1c of <7.0%. There were no gender differences in the distribution of microvascular and macrovascular complications (p>0.05) but women were more likely to develop moderate and severe diabetic retinopathy (p= 0.027).
Conclusion: Women with T2DM had worse cardiometabolic risk profile with regards to hypertension, obesity and lipid goals. Men achieved therapeutic goals less frequently than did women in terms of glycaemia. Microvascular and macrovascular com- plications occurred commonly in both sexes.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; gender; microvascular; macrovascular complication; cardiometabolic risks; glycaemic control.
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Choi, Hee-Jin, and Ji-Yeoun Lee. "Comparative Study between Healthy Young and Elderly Subjects: Higher-Order Statistical Parameters as Indices of Vocal Aging and Sex." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 6966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156966.
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The objective of this study was to test higher-order statistical (HOS) parameters for the classification of young and elderly voice signals and identify gender- and age-related differences through HOS analysis. This study was based on data from 116 subjects (58 females and 58 males) extracted from the Saarbruecken voice database. In the gender analysis, the same number of voice samples were analyzed for each sex. Further, we conducted experiments on the voices of elderly people using gender analysis. Finally, we reviewed the standards and reference models to reduce sex and gender bias. The acoustic parameters were extracted from young and elderly voice signals using Praat and a time–frequency analysis program (TF32). Additionally, we investigated the gender- and age-related differences in HOS parameters. Young and elderly voice signals significantly differed in normalized skewness (p = 0.005) in women and normalized kurtosis (p = 0.011) in men. Therefore, normalized skewness is a useful parameter for distinguishing between young and elderly female voices, and normalized kurtosis is essential for distinguishing between young and elderly male voices. We will continue to investigate parameters that represent important information in elderly voice signals.
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Ortega-Sánchez, Delfín, Almudena Alonso-Centeno, and Miguel Corbí. "Socio-Environmental Problematic, End-Purposes, and Strategies Relating to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) through the Perspectives of Spanish Secondary Education Trainee Teachers." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 5551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145551.
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In this paper, representations of Spanish Secondary Education trainee teachers (n = 163) are analyzed with regard to the socio-environmental problematic, end-purposes, and strategies of education for sustainable development (ESD). Likewise, the study seeks to identify the potential influence of sociodemographic variables on those representations and, in particular, possible differences between either the perceptions or the beliefs of trainee teachers of Geography and History and those from other disciplines. The study can be classified as a non-experimental ex post facto investigation based on a questionnaire, yielding results that reflected the commitment of the students towards teaching through the implementation of strategies directed at conflict resolution for social transformation, and towards teaching the development of critical and creative thinking skills for social interventions. Likewise, the study reports the promotion of specific socio-educational actions leading to sustainable development. These results show the absence of differences in terms of the sex, age, institutional affiliation, background discipline or specialism, or previous training in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the students. Despite the identification of greater tendencies towards the conceptualized development of social awareness and active citizenship among trainee teachers of Geography and History, these results reflected the pertinence and the educational need for ESD in higher education from a holistic and transversal perspective.
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Ahmadu, BU, IH Abubakar, A. Halima, A. Ruqayya, and GM Suleiman. "Concern About the Association Between Sex and Birth Weight of Babies: A Cross-Sectional Randomized Finding From a Nigerian Hospital." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 1 (June 14, 2013): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7090.
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Introduction: Sexual antagonism is seen particularly where maternally and paternally derived alleles battle over fetal growth, which may result in sex differences regarding birth weight of babies. We examined the association between sex and birth weight of babies in the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred babies selected by systematic random sampling had their birth weights determined using bassinet weighing scale. Likelihood ratio chi-square test of association was used to investigate the relationship between sex and birth weight. Results: A total of 100 babies participated in this study. There were 53 (53.0 %) males and 47 (47.0 %) females giving a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Majority of the babies 82 (82.0 %) had normal birth weight (2500 – 3900 g). The mean (SD) birth weight for male and female babies were 313 (62), 95 CI (296 – 330 g), and 290 (055), 95 CI (275 – 307 g) respectively. The overall mean (SD) birth weight of the babies was 302 (0.59), 95 CI (291 – 314 g). Association between birth weight and sex of the babies was found to be significant (χ2 = 9.317, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Birth weight was significantly associated with sex: males had higher birth weights than females. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7090 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):21-24.
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Derting, Terry L., Diane Ebert-May, Timothy P. Henkel, Jessica Middlemis Maher, Bryan Arnold, and Heather A. Passmore. "Assessing faculty professional development in STEM higher education: Sustainability of outcomes." Science Advances 2, no. 3 (March 2016): e1501422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501422.
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We tested the effectiveness of Faculty Institutes for Reforming Science Teaching IV (FIRST), a professional development program for postdoctoral scholars, by conducting a study of program alumni. Faculty professional development programs are critical components of efforts to improve teaching and learning in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines, but reliable evidence of the sustained impacts of these programs is lacking. We used a paired design in which we matched a FIRST alumnus employed in a tenure-track position with a non-FIRST faculty member at the same institution. The members of a pair taught courses that were of similar size and level. To determine whether teaching practices of FIRST participants were more learner-centered than those of non-FIRST faculty, we compared faculty perceptions of their teaching strategies, perceptions of environmental factors that influence teaching, and actual teaching practice. Non-FIRST and FIRST faculty reported similar perceptions of their teaching strategies and teaching environment. FIRST faculty reported using active learning and interactive engagement in lecture sessions more frequently compared with non-FIRST faculty. Ratings from external reviewers also documented that FIRST faculty taught class sessions that were learner-centered, contrasting with the teacher-centered class sessions of most non-FIRST faculty. Despite marked differences in teaching practice, FIRST and non-FIRST participants used assessments that targeted lower-level cognitive skills. Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of the FIRST program and the empirical utility of comparison groups, where groups are well matched and controlled for contextual variables (for example, departments), for evaluating the effectiveness of professional development for subsequent teaching practices.
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Eugenia Ibarra, María, and Gabriela Castellanos Llanos. "Género y educación superior. un análisis de la participación de las mujeres como profesoras en la Universidad del Valle." La Manzana de la Discordia 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v4i1.1476.
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Resumen: Este artículo analiza la participaciónlaboral de las mujeres en cargos académico-administrativosen la Universidad del Valle como un estudiode caso sobre las mujeres en la educación superior enColombia. Se comparan los datos cuantitativos sobre laparticipación femenina en distintos niveles de enseñanzaen Colombia y en otros países, antes de examinar lacomposición de la planta profesoral de la Universidaddel Valle. Se analizan, entre otras variables, la distribuciónpor sexo en las facultades e institutos, ladistribución por categoría profesoral, edad, salario yantigüedad en el cargo, entre otros indicadores quepermiten demostrar la existencia de algunas diferenciascon sus homólogos varones.Palabras clave: Mujeres, género, educación superior,trabajo académico-administrativoAbstract: This article analyzes women’s participationin academic and administrative positions in Universidaddel Valle as a case study on women in higher educationin Colombia. Quantitative data on women’s participationin teaching at different levels in Colombia are compared,before examining the composition of teaching staff atUniversity del Valle. Among other variables analyzed,we find sex distribution in schools and institutes, as wellas distribution by rank, age, salary and years of service.Data show the existence of differences with their malecounterparts.Key Words: Women, gender, higher education,academic and administrative work
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Townsend, Janice A., Marcio A. da Fonseca, Tobias E. Rodriguez, and Charles W. LeHew. "Gender Differences in Pediatric Dentistry Chairs in the United States and Canada." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-44.5.6.
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Objective: To analyze gender differences in personal and professional demographics, job perceptions and work satisfaction between male and female pediatric dentistry academic leaders in the United States and Canada. Study Design: A 40-question survey was sent electronically to department chairs requesting information about demographics, current circumstances of the position, professional history, and opinions about the position. Data was analyzed by the sex of the respondent. Results: Eighty-eight surveys were distributed electronically and 55 chairs responded (response rate: 62.5%). Women comprised 29.5% of the sample, were younger and had less leadership training than men. Men had served longer in the position (t(41)=2.02, p=0.05) and had higher ranking academic titles. Women spent more time managing personnel (p=0.026), creating courses and programs (p=0.029), and teaching (p=0.006) than men. Female chairs perceived to have a difficult relationship with the faculty (p=0.027), felt they received less faculty support (p=0.002), and were significantly more dissatisfied in the job (p=0.037). Men were more stressed about a heavy workload than women (p=0.001). Conclusion: Gender was significantly related to the demographics, experience, perceptions of the skills and abilities required for job performance, time management and job satisfaction for pediatric dentistry department chairs in American and Canadian institutions.
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García-Martínez, José-Antonio, Eduardo-José Fuentes-Abeledo, and Eduardo-Rafael Rodríguez-Machado. "Attitudes towards the Use of ICT in Costa Rican University Students: The Influence of Sex, Academic Performance, and Training in Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010282.
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Information and communication technologies (ICT) are being used more and more as part of teaching processes in both formal and informal settings. In this regard, it is important to understand university students’ attitudes towards using ICT as they will shortly form part of the productive sector of society. The aim of this study was to analyze student attitudes during their final years pursuing various degrees at a university in Costa Rica. We used a non-experimental transactional design and probabilistic sampling that involved 1187 students. We used a questionnaire containing a Likert-type scales to measure attitudes, which was structured according to affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. The results showed positive attitudes in general, with higher scores in the cognitive and behavioral components, and moderate scores in the affective component. In addition, we found differences in attitudes according to sex, prior training in technology, and academic performance.
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Paudel, YP, S. Dahal, T. Acharya, AP Joshi, B. Shrestha, M. Khanal, and D. Kafle. "Biochemical Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients in Various Age and Gender Group Subjects Visiting Kist Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 3, no. 2 (August 13, 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i2.8441.
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Nowadays it is observed that the chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem worldwide and the most common illness associated with this is hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study tries to find out illness associated with CKD and assess the renal parameters according to age and sex group. This is a cross sectional descriptive study. Diagnosed cases of Chronic Kidney Disease patients visiting at KIST Medical College from September to November 2011 are included in this study. SPSS-17 version is used for data analysis and appropriate statistical tests are done. Among 150 patients, 57% are male and 43% are female. Mean age of the study population is 48.62±18.09 years. Level of urine protein for male is higher than female. Mean urea, creatinine, potassium, uric acid, phosphorus and protein creatinine ratio (PCR) are higher in younger age group. The result also depicts hypertension is the leading illness associated with CKD (50%). Only 8% diabetes mellitus cases are associated with CKD followed by both of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (26%) and 16% others. This study provides an overview of routine biochemical parameters with CKD. Hypertension is found as leading illness associated with CKD. Differences in renal parameters are found in gender and different age groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i2.8441 Journal of Chitwan Medical College Vol.3(2) 2013 36-39
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Kim, Young-Jae, Jin-Hoon Jang, and Jeong-Hyung Cho. "High Physical Self-Concept Benefits on School Adjustment of Korean Student-Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082653.
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Successful adjustment of student-athletes to their school is an internationally relevant issue. In Korea, school-athletes abandon their athletic activity at a rate of over 40%, suggesting an urgent need to develop measures that allow them to balance sports and academic life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of physical self-concept on school adaptation among student-athletes. We analyzed data from 589 student-athletes, including sex and award-winning career as covariates. Then, reliability and validity of scales were obtained. The results showed that student-athletes with higher physical self-concept are more likely to be successful in school adjustment. The effects of physical self-concept on school adjustment were proven to be mediated by sex and award-winning career of student-athletes. This result provides the basis for the importance of recognizing the concept of physical self as a way for student athletes to adapt well to school life. As differences depending on gender and award experience exist, they should be taken into account when teaching student athletes.
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Hartman, Robin J. G., Katie Owsiany, Lijiang Ma, Simon Koplev, Ke Hao, Lotte Slenders, Mete Civelek, et al. "Sex-Stratified Gene Regulatory Networks Reveal Female Key Driver Genes of Atherosclerosis Involved in Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching." Circulation 143, no. 7 (February 16, 2021): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.051231.
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Background: Although sex differences in coronary artery disease are widely accepted with women developing more stable atherosclerosis than men, the underlying pathobiology of such differences remains largely unknown. In coronary artery disease, recent integrative systems biological studies have inferred gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Within these GRNs, key driver genes have shown great promise but have thus far been unidentified in women. Methods: We generated sex-specific GRNs of the atherosclerotic arterial wall in 160 women and age-matched men in the STARNET study (Stockholm-Tartu Atherosclerosis Reverse Network Engineering Task). We integrated the female GRNs with single-cell RNA-sequencing data of the human atherosclerotic plaque and single-cell RNA sequencing of advanced atherosclerotic lesions from wild type and Klf4 knockout atherosclerotic smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-tracing mice. Results: By comparing sex-specific GRNs, we observed clear sex differences in network activity within the atherosclerotic tissues. Genes more active in women were associated with mesenchymal cells and endothelial cells, whereas genes more active in men were associated with the immune system. We determined that key drivers of GRNs active in female coronary artery disease were predominantly found in (SMCs by single-cell sequencing of the human atherosclerotic plaques, and higher expressed in female plaque SMCs, as well. To study the functions of these female SMC key drivers in atherosclerosis, we examined single-cell RNA sequencing of advanced atherosclerotic lesions from wild type and Klf4 knockout atherosclerotic SMC lineage-tracing mice. The female key drivers were found to be expressed by phenotypically modulated SMCs and affected by Klf4, suggesting that sex differences in atherosclerosis involve phenotypic switching of plaque SMCs. Conclusions: Our systems approach provides novel insights into molecular mechanisms that underlie sex differences in atherosclerosis. To discover sex-specific therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis, an increased emphasis on sex-stratified approaches in the analysis of multi-omics data sets is warranted.
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Chen, Xin, and Gengsheng Xiao. "A Survey Study of Chinese College Engineering Students’ Use of Metacognitive Strategies in English Writing." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0607.09.
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Metacognitive strategy has been recognised as a crucial factor in language learning, and its role in English writing for Chinese learners still remains unknown. The present study investigates 215 Chinese college engineering students’ use of metacognitive strategies through employing research methods of questionnaire survey and writing proficiency test. According to the results, it is found that selective attention and self-monitoring are used in writing quite often, while planning and self-evaluation are seldom used. Besides, the differences in the use of metacognitive strategies between freshmen and sophomores are not statistically significant. It is also found that engineering students of higher writing proficiency tend to employ metacognitive strategies in academic writing more frequently and effectively than those with poor writing skills. It is eventually suggested that metacognitive strategies should be imparted to the students, and that the training of metacognitive strategies should be integrated into classroom activities of English writing teaching.
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Rowe, Nicholas, Rose Martin, and Nasser Giacaman. "Computer Coding and Choreography: Contrasting Experiences of Learning About Collaboration in Engineering and Creative Arts." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.10.12.
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This article argues that how collaboration is taught can have a significant impact on the ways in which collaboration is experienced, understood and valued. In doing so, the study draws attention to performing arts studio-pedagogies, and their potential relevance to enhancing creativity within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Through a mixed-methods study of teachers’ and students’ experiences of group work, this article compares two disciplines that maintain distinct discourses on teaching collaboration: Software design and choreography. The quantitative data reveals that despite significant demographic differences, students from the two disciplines maintain a common enthusiasm for group learning. There are significant distinctions however, on student perceptions of the teaching and learning of collaboration, their learning achievements about group work, and the relevance of group work in their discipline. Qualitative commentaries from students and teachers extend the arguments across both the distinctions and the similarities, emphasizing the impact of particular teaching practices and establishing standpoints for further research into the pedagogy of collaboration in higher education.
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Caswell, Shane V., and Trenton E. Gould. "Individual Moral Philosophies and Ethical Decision Making of Undergraduate Athletic Training Students and Educators." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.205.
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Abstract Context: Ethics research in athletic training is lacking. Teaching students technical skills is important, but teaching them how to reason and to behave in a manner that befits responsible health care professionals is equally important. Objective: To expand ethics research in athletic training by (1) describing undergraduate athletic training students' and educators' individual moral philosophies and ethical decision-making abilities and (2) investigating the effects of sex and level of education on mean composite individual moral philosophies and ethical decision-making scores. Design: Stratified, multistage, cluster-sample correlational study. Setting: Mailed survey instruments were distributed in classroom settings at 30 institutions having Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)–accredited athletic training programs. Patients or Other Participants: Undergraduate students and educators (n = 598: 373 women, 225 men; mean age = 23.5 ± 6.3 years) from 25 CAAHEP-accredited athletic training programs. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used the Ethics Position Questionnaire and the Dilemmas in Athletic Training Questionnaire to compute participants' mean composite individual moral philosophies (idealism and relativism) and ethical decision-making scores, respectively. Three separate 2 (sex: male, female) × 3 (education level: underclass, upper class, educator) between-subjects factorial analyses of variance using idealism, relativism, and ethical decision-making scores as dependent measures were performed. Results: Respondents reported higher idealism scores (37.57 ± 4.91) than relativism scores (31.70 ± 4.80) (response rate = 83%). The mean ethical decision-making score for all respondents was 80.76 ± 7.88. No significant interactions were revealed. The main effect for sex illustrated that men reported significantly higher relativism scores (P = .0014, η2 = .015) than did women. The main effect for education level revealed significant differences between students' and educators' idealism (P = .0190, η2 = .013), relativism (P < .001, η2 = .050), and ethical decision-making scores (P < .001, η2 = .027). Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc analysis indicated that educators possessed lower idealism scores (36.90 ± 5.70) and relativism scores (29.92 ± 4.86) and higher ethical decision-making scores (82.98 ± 7.62) than did students. Conclusions: Our findings do not support changes in athletic training ethics education practices to address sex-specific needs. However, when opportunities occur for students to reason using different ethical perspectives, educators should be aware of their students' and their own moral philosophies in order to optimally facilitate professional growth.
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Nimer, Ameen Mohammad. "The Extent of the Contribution of the Educational Environment of Najran University in Developing Creative and Innovative Enterprises among the University Students." Journal of Educational Issues 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v2i1.9445.
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<p>This study aims at identifying the reality of stimulating educational environment for creativity at the Najran University (NU), and the importance of the availability of certain influencing factors, which in turn contribute to the provision of innovative and creative projects. Reviewing the literature and related studies, the importance of the availability of those factors in the university educational environment were explored and organized into two main categories. The first category: Practices and roles played by the university administration in the development of students to provide creative and innovative projects (6 elements).The second category: practices and roles played by the teaching staff members in the development of students to provide creative and innovative projects (3 elements).A questionnaire consisted of twenty items was designed and distributed a sample of university teaching staff members. The results clarified that such practices and roles were in the moderate level of sample agreement in general, with a decrease in the levels of some elements and slightly higher in others. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to sex and specialization variables. The study recommended the need to address the shortcomings of each of the following elements. Providing learning resource centers at the university, supporting extracurricular activities ‘Students Club’, establishing incubators supporting creative projects, providing scientific research centers, establishing scientific and research partnerships, Motivation and encouragement, teaching methods, scientific research, and self-learning skills.</p>
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Pradas, Francisco, Ana de la Torre, Luis Carrasco, Diego Muñoz, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, and José Antonio González-Jurado. "Anthropometric Profiles in Table Tennis Players: Analysis of Sex, Age, and Ranking." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020876.
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Table tennis has recently evolved towards a more spectacular sport increasing match-play demands and the intensity and speed of actions by regulations and equipment modification. Since these changes can alter the body composition and performance, this study aimed to analyze the differences in anthropometric attributes of 495 table tennis players (288 men, 207 women) according to sex, age, and ranking. Players were classified according to sex, age categories (Senior, Under-18, Under-15, Under 13, and Under 11), and ranking position. Anthropometry measurements included eight skinfolds’ thicknesses (biceps brachii, triceps, subscapular, iliac crest, supraspinal, abdominal, thigh, and medial calf), four girths (biceps brachii relaxed and contracted, thigh, and calf), and three breadths (biepicondylar femur, biepicondylar humerus, and bistiloyd wrist) to determine fat mass, lean mass, bone, cross sectional area (CSA) for arm, leg, and thigh, and somatotype. Results revealed that table tennis players presented differences in body mass composition, anthropometry, and somatotype according to sex and age category and ranking. It seems confirmed that regular table tennis practice during the childhood is associated with a healthy body composition status, that appears to be maintained across older ages if keeping the practice. Senior table tennis players showed a fat mass <20% and lean mass ~45% in men and ~37% in women. A new contribution is that higher lean mass in the upper limbs was associated with higher ranking position (i.e., better performance), endomorphic somatotypes were negative related to performance, and ectomorphic profiles seems more effective, which suggest the potential influence of morphologic changes in table tennis competition performance.
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Yang, Ye, Li Yan Li, Lin Wei Sang, Bin Yong Yang, Ping Ya Zhu, Lei Dai, Wei Bao, Wei Liu, and Fang Su Wu. "An Observation of a Resident-as-Teacher Combined with Tutor Guided Hysteroscopy Teaching Program for Standardized Residency Training (SRT) in Obstetrics and Gynecology." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855099.
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Objectives. The standardized residency training (SRT) program in China is an important link for continuing education and clinical work training for graduate students. The purpose of our study was to enable educators to maintain the effectiveness of hysteroscopy teaching techniques and make the standardized residency training students well experienced in surgery, thus demonstrating that higher efficiency of teaching can lead to better proficiency for surgery. Methods. We generated resident-as-teacher teaching round and tutor guided hysteroscopic surgery as well as a questionnaire based on the mastery degree of the basic theoretical knowledge and operational skills of hysteroscopy among seven junior residents and five senior residents of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, including four attending gynecologic surgeons of a hysteroscopy teaching program. Results. Senior residents felt confident to teach, while junior residents learned effectively through the teaching round. There were statistically significant differences in the whole operation time and the volume of distension fluid used between junior and senior residents (p<0.05). Conclusions. This study acknowledges the need for new approaches to medical education for better characterization of the link between the use of teaching rounds through problem-based learning (PBL) discussion dominated by the residents themselves and overall surgical skills of teaching and learning.
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Andrade, Débora Junqueira, Bianca Fonseca da Rocha, Maycon Klerystton Bezerra Tavares, and José Bruno Nunes Ferreira Silva. "Gender implications in sex education, knowledge, and vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections of healthcare students." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (August 2, 2021): e56710918354. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.18354.
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The challenges posed by the implementation of sex education within a social context, by teachers or parents, are impasses that compromise adolescents’ and young adults’ sexual health, resulting in sexual risk behaviors. This study evaluated the forms of sex education, knowledge about sexually transmitted infections, and the vulnerability of university students within the Brazilian Legal Amazon. A total of 149 healthcare students provided their sociodemographic data and how they obtain information about safe sex practices. The data collected were evaluated using the Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) questionnaire. Bivariate analyses and Pearson correlation were performed. The sources of sex education were primarily accessed by students approaching course completion and female students nearing graduation, through teachers, specialized books, media, and friends. In general, men were found to have a higher degree of knowledge about STIs, while women reported feeling less protected sexually. Time spent at the university and the knowledge men possess were not found to reduce risky behavior. This cross-sectional study confirms that interventions to combat misinformation in the face of risky sexual behaviors and their consequences should be prioritized and should consider the gender of individuals and all the differences in the perceptions and actions of both male and female healthcare students.
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Ferrero-de-Lucas, Elena, Isabel Cantón-Mayo, Marta Menéndez-Fernández, Adrián Escapa-González, and Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez. "ICT and knowledge management in Teaching and Engineering Students." Comunicar 29, no. 66 (January 1, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c66-2021-05.
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The integration of Knowledge Management (KM) in various fields, including academia and business, has been fostered by the promotion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The aim of this study was, on the one hand, to understand the key processes of KM in students of the Faculty of Education and the School of Engineering in a Spanish university, and, on the other hand, to evaluate the extent to which ICTs serve as support to these processes. To this end, the designed and validated MAINGC questionnaire was administered to 200 students who entered university in the 2018-2019 academic year. Fourteen ICT tools and four dimensions of KM were analyzed: information management, transformation of information into knowledge, management of the resulting learning, and ICT tools for KM support. The results showed differentiated patterns of technology use and perceptions of KM according to sex, age and degree. Indeed, education degree students reported higher perceptions of competence in KM processes compared to engineering students. Participants’ responses regarding ICT tools suggested that the use of these tools has not yet been fully integrated into KM processes and revealed that both groups of students showed different patterns of use within the academic environment. La integración de la Gestión del Conocimiento (GC) en diversos ámbitos tanto académicos como empresariales se ha visto favorecida gracias al impulso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). El objeto de esta investigación ha sido, por un lado, conocer los procesos clave de la GC en estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación y de la Escuela de Ingenierías en una universidad española, y, por otro lado, evaluar en qué medida las TIC sirven como apoyo a estos procesos. Para ello se aplicó el cuestionario diseñado y validado MAINGC a 200 estudiantes que accedieron a la universidad en el curso 2018-2019. Se analizaron catorce herramientas TIC y cuatro dimensiones de GC: gestión de la información, transformación de la información en conocimiento, gestión del aprendizaje resultante y herramientas TIC en apoyo a la GC. Los resultados muestran patrones diferenciados en el uso de la tecnología y de la percepción de la GC en función del género, la edad y la titulación. Así, se observó que los estudiantes de Magisterio se sienten más capacitados que los de Ingeniería en relación con los procesos de GC. Referido al uso de herramientas TIC, las respuestas ofrecidas por los estudiantes encuestados sugieren que su empleo no está todavía totalmente integrado en los procesos de GC y que existen diferencias en los patrones de uso por parte de ambos grupos dentro el entorno académico.
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KOÇAK-BÜYÜKDERE, Ayşe, Sarkis SÖZKES, and Melisa BOZKURT. "Oral Health Care Behavior Differences Between Dental and Biomedical Engineering Students Comparing Oral Care of Dental and Engineering Students." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (October 3, 2020): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep590.
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The aim of the study was to compare the oral hygiene habits of students from different provinces and universities, from the dental faculty and biomedical engineering. Another aim was to analyze development of dental care habits during growth in relation to education both the parent and the student himself. University students were asked to answer the survey on voluntary basis. 244 students have answered the questions; gender, year of birth, study level, education of their parents, their toothbrushing habit and oral health level awareness were questioned in detail. Of the 244 volunteers, 122 study at the faculty of dentistry, whereas the other 122 study at the biomedical engineering faculty. While 53.7% of all participants brush their teeth after breakfast and 94.3% brush before bedtime, 81.1% of dentistry students brush twice a day, whereas the ratio of biomedical students brushing twice a day is 59.8%. On the one hand, 99.2% of dentistry students brush their teeth before going to bed whereas, biomedical students were 89.3%, which indicates a significant difference. Dental floss utilization among dental students was higher than the biomedical students, and the difference was statistically significant. For self-assessment of their oral hygiene habits, both groups have evaluated themselves between ordinary and well. Tooth brushing habit is initially adopted from the family. Correct brushing is established upon the guidance of the dentist. Therefore, teaching proper toothbrushing techniques to the families should be aimed. This will enable socially healthier oral hygiene, thus creating high awareness communities
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Sokout, Hamidullah, and Tsuyoshi Usagawa. "Improving Academic Performance Through Blended Learning: The Case of Afghan Higher Education." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i11.20757.
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The last two decades have witnessed a global revolution in educational information that has led to the development and promotion of e-learning. Blended Learning (BL) is an increasingly growing e-learning model with a background in pedagogical and psychological theory that combines both online and traditional activities. In recent years, it has been an emerging trend and has impacted the growth, revenue, learner retention, and academic accreditation in higher education. With current improvements, extensive research, and successful implementation of blended and fully online learning, little research has been done to report the success of transitioning from face-to-face to blended learning or evaluations of e-learning data regarding learners from developing nations, particularly Afghanistan. This study aims to investigate and analyze the effectiveness of educational types (blended vs. traditional) regarding learners’ academic performance, in-class engagement, and satisfaction from the data in six BL courses and four traditional learning (TL) courses. To measure the success, this study used descriptive statistics. Additionally, Welch’s t-test was used to compare BL with TL courses and assess the differences between success and failure levels for both courses. Likewise, the Pearson correlation coefficient, along with an ordinary least square regression, was used to indicate the relationship between the final score and the BL and TL activities, respectively. The study outcome will be used for reporting and feedback for educational parties to value the quality of teaching and learning, enhance learners’ performances, and for the institutionalization of BL in the country.
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Wang, Pei-Jung, George A. Morgan, Ai-Wen Hwang, Li-Chiou Chen, and Hua-Fang Liao. "Do Maternal Interactive Behaviors Correlate With Developmental Outcomes and Mastery Motivation in Toddlers With and Without Motor Delay?" Physical Therapy 94, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130560.
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BackgroundMaternal interactive behaviors theoretically affect developmental outcomes and mastery motivation in young children. However, these associations are inconsistent in the literature.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the differences in maternal behaviors between toddlers with motor delay (MD) and those with typical development (TD), (2) to investigate the correlation of maternal behaviors and developmental quotients (DQs) in toddlers with MD and TD, and (3) to examine the correlation of maternal behaviors and mastery motivation in toddlers with MD and TD.DesignThis was a sex- and mental age–matched case-control study.MethodsTwenty-two mother-child dyads of toddlers with MD (ages 23–47 months) and 22 dyads of sex- and mental age–matched toddlers with TD (ages 15–29 months) were recruited. Maternal scores from the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, 2 indicators of motivation (persistence and mastery pleasure) from individualized mastery tasks and the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire, and DQs from the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Children were assessed.ResultsMothers of children in the MD group showed significantly lower cognitive growth fostering scores than mothers of children in the TD group. Maternal total scores were significantly correlated with whole DQs in both groups. In the MD group, maternal total scores correlated significantly with DMQ mastery pleasure but not with mastery task motivation.LimitationsThe study design makes it impossible to know the causal relationships between maternal behaviors and children’s DQs and motivation.ConclusionsMothers of toddlers with MD exhibited less adequate interactive behaviors than mothers of toddlers with TD. Because higher-quality maternal behaviors correlated with higher DQs in the MD group, clinicians should encourage parents to participate in early intervention programs and model high-quality parenting behavior to enhance parents’ and children’s outcomes.
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Sharma, Saroj, Lilee Shrestha, Saroj Prasad Ojha, and Bharat Jha. "Status of Serum Lipids in Individuals with Depression." Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 2, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v2i1.14656.
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BACKGROUNDEpidemiological studies have shown the association between depressive illness with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Serum lipid abnormality is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to access the status of Serum lipid in individuals with depression.METHODSA cross sectional study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) over the period of 16 month from June 2011 to October 2012. A total of 85 individuals with depression and the same number of age-sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. Depression was diagnosed by Consultant Psychiatrist as per ICD-10-DCR criteria. Serum Lipid profile was assessed from both test and control groups after an overnight fasting. A written consent was taken for anthropometric data and sample collection.RESULTSLarge numbers of depressive individuals were found to have Dyslipidemia. Total Cholesterol, TG was found to be significantly higher in test group compared to control. The mean HDL-cholesterol was found significantly lower in test group compared to control. No significant differences between test and control were observed in VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.CONCLUSIONSSerum lipid profile abnormalities are found high in individuals with depression. Based on the observation of this study, Serum Lipid abnormalities seen in individuals with Depression make them vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.
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Tanvetthayanont, Potsawat, Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, and Nan Choisunirachon. "Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 12 (March 20, 2020): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20910541.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats. Methods Forty healthy cats (10 intact males, 10 intact females, 10 castrated males and 10 spayed females) presented to the Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and the Diagnostic Imaging Unit at The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. They were ultrasonographically examined to assess renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medullary thickness. Results Regardless of gonadal status, the renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medulla thickness of males were greater than those of females ( P <0.05). In general, neutered cats had thicker medullae (0.36 ± 0.08 cm) and higher mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio (12.15 ± 1.48) than intact cats (0.32 ± 0.08 cm and 11.22 ± 1.37 cm, respectively) ( P <0.05), but no differences were observed in renal length, cortical thickness or aortic luminal diameter. Interestingly, when comparing between sexes with relatively equal body weight, only sex had an impact on renal length. Conclusions and relevance Gonadal status has an effect on medullary thickness and mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio.
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Leonard, Jacqueline, Monica Mitchell, Joy Barnes-Johnson, Adrienne Unertl, Jill Outka-Hill, Roland Robinson, and Carla Hester-Croff. "Preparing Teachers to Engage Rural Students in Computational Thinking Through Robotics, Game Design, and Culturally Responsive Teaching." Journal of Teacher Education 69, no. 4 (September 20, 2017): 386–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487117732317.
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This article examines teacher preparation and teacher change in engineering and computer science education. We examined culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy (CRTSE), culturally responsive teaching outcome expectancy (CRTOE) beliefs, and attitudes toward computational thinking (CT) as teachers participated in one of three treatment groups: robotics only, game design only, or blended robotics/game design. Descriptive data revealed that CRTSE gain scores were higher in the robotics only and blended contexts than in the game design only context. However, CRTOE beliefs were consistent across all treatment groups. In regard to CT attitudes, teachers’ gain scores were higher in the game design only and blended contexts than in the robotics only context. In addition, there were differences by treatment group related to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) practices, while cultural artifacts were evident in each learning environment. The results of this study reveal some variability by treatment type and inform future research on equitable practices in engineering and computer science education.
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Mohd Rasid, Nor Syazwani, Nurul Akmal Md Nasir, Parmjit Singh A/l Aperar Singh, and Tau Han Cheong. "STEM Integration: Factors Affecting Effective Instructional Practices in Teaching Mathematics." Asian Journal of University Education 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i1.8984.
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Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) has created initiatives in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013- 2025 that aim to increase teachers’ and students’ competencies in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects and create learning experiences that will prepare students for the considerable array of STEM career fields. There are so many effective instructional practices suggested in integrating STEM education for teaching Mathematics. However, there are some factors that need to be concerned in producing effective instructional practices in teaching Mathematics. This study investigated the factors affecting instructional practices of mathematics since the implementation STEM education. Using a descriptive design method, a questionnaire was administered to 100 students and 50 mathematics teachers in Klang Valley. The overall mean score of all four factors (Lesson plan and implementation, Mathematical discuss and sensemaking, task implementation, and classroom culture) measured in this study is moderately high based on students’ and teachers’ perspectives. Teachers rated all factors higher than students’ rate. Both teachers and students agreed that classroom culture is the important factor. There are no significant differences in the mean score of factors among gender of students and teachers. There is a significant difference in the mean score of factors among the achieving abilities among the students.
Keywords: STEM Education, Mathematics, Lesson plan, Task, Classroom culture, Mathematical discuss
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Wang, Yan-Guo, Li-Chun Tseng, Bing-Peng Xing, Rou-Xin Sun, Xiao-Yin Chen, Chun-Guang Wang, and Jiang-Shiou Hwang. "Seasonal Population Structure of the Copepod Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849) in the Kuroshio Current Edge, Southeastern East China Sea." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167545.
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The abundance of adult males, females, and copepodites, and sex ratio of a Temora turbinata population and seawater hydrology were studied from 2018 to 2019 in waters off northeast Taiwan, northwest Pacific Ocean. The hydrological parameters showed significant differences between sampling months caused by interactions of Kuroshio, East China Sea water, and the China Coastal Current. The highest average abundance was recorded from the June 2018 cruise with 2903.92 ± 3499.47 (inds. m−3), followed by a cruise in June 2019 with an average abundance of 1990.64 ± 1401.55 (inds. m−3). The sex ratio ranged between 0.25 and 2.33; the records were significantly higher in samples of June 2018 than during other sampling cruises (one-way ANOVA). The spatiotemporal distribution of T. turbinata showed a clear pattern of seasonal changes among sampling stations and distribution zones. Abundance of females and copepodites correlated significantly positive (r = 0.755, p < 0.001), whereas sex ratio (r = 0.247, p = 0.119) did not correlate significantly. The present study revealed that the abundance of T. turbinate was highest in June and was positively correlated with seawater temperature; furthermore, this is the first time the in situ sex ratio of T. turbinata in western Pacific waters has been reported.
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Vitalis Khan, Foku, Defang Henry Fualefac, Kana Sagne Derrick Augustin, Amandine Matho, Fonteh Florence Anyangwe Angaba, Mube Kuietche Hervé, and Ndukum Julius Awah. "Effects of graded levels of boiled wild sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia Hemsl A. Gray) leaf meal on growth and carcass characteristics of rabbits." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 41.2 (August 31, 2019): 6940–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-2.7.
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To contribute solutions to the problem of animal protein shortage for human consumption in Cameroon, a study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang- Cameroon to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of Tithonia diversifolia leaf meal (TDLM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits. The leaves were chopped, boiled for 5 minutes, drained, sundried, milled and analysed for proximate composition in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition. The leaf meal was used to formulate 4 experimental diets containing 0% (control) 15, 20 and 25% of the TDLM, corresponding to T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A total of 40 (20 males and 20 females) 2-months-old rabbits, weighing 1000 ± 125g were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary treatments in a 4 x 10 replicates in a completely randomized design. The live weights of the animals were evaluated weekly for 9 weeks. Eight (8) rabbits (4 males and 4 females) per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed for carcass evaluation. The data collected were then submitted to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Mean differences were separated using Duncan. The results showed that incorporation of TDLM induced a decrease in daily feed consumption. The least daily feed intake was observed in treatment T3 (109.14g/d) while the highest daily weight gain (24.49g/d) and the least feed conversion ratio (4.61) were also observed in the same treatment T3. However, no significant differences were observed for these parameters (P>0.05) between the treatments although daily weight gain was higher and feed conversion ratio lower in the males as compared to the females. Carcass yield (C.Y.) was higher in the control T1 (52.39%) though comparable (P>0.05) with all the other treatments. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.05) lower (1.90%) in the treatment T0 but it was comparable to T3 while it was highest (2.28%) in T2. However, C.Y. was higher in males and abdominal fat was higher in females when sex was considered. The relative weight of the lungs was highest in T1 (0.55%), liver in T2 (2.25%), kidneys in T1 (0.56%) and the heart in treatment T2 (0.25%) though, there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) observed in organs weights. Although there were significant differences between organs of different sexes, no regular pattern was maintained. These all signified nutritional adequacy at all levels of inclusion of TDLM, improving growth performance at the inclusion level of 25%. T. diversifolia leaves boiled for 5 minutes, sundried and milled can therefore be used as an alternative ingredient which when included in the rations of rabbits up to 25%, still compares well with conventional ingredients in growth and carcass performance irrespective of the sex. However, the use of TDLM could significantly reduce the cost of feeding and enhance meat production as it is relatively more abundant as compared to other ingredients.
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Murielle Lucrèce Faïhun, Abossèdé, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni, Goué Georcelin Alowanou, Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé, Alex Gbêliho Zoffoun, and Sylvie Mawulé Hounzangbé-Adoté. "Productivité des cochons d’Inde (Cavia porcellus) supplémentés au Commelina benghalensis et au Moringa oléifera." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 41.2 (August 31, 2019): 6951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-2.8.
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To contribute solutions to the problem of animal protein shortage for human consumption in Cameroon, a study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang- Cameroon to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of Tithonia diversifolia leaf meal (TDLM) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits. The leaves were chopped, boiled for 5 minutes, drained, sundried, milled and analysed for proximate composition in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition. The leaf meal was used to formulate 4 experimental diets containing 0% (control) 15, 20 and 25% of the TDLM, corresponding to T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A total of 40 (20 males and 20 females) 2-months-old rabbits, weighing 1000 ± 125g were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary treatments in a 4 x 10 replicates in a completely randomized design. The live weights of the animals were evaluated weekly for 9 weeks. Eight (8) rabbits (4 males and 4 females) per treatment were randomly selected and sacrificed for carcass evaluation. The data collected were then submitted to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Mean differences were separated using Duncan. The results showed that incorporation of TDLM induced a decrease in daily feed consumption. The least daily feed intake was observed in treatment T3 (109.14g/d) while the highest daily weight gain (24.49g/d) and the least feed conversion ratio (4.61) were also observed in the same treatment T3. However, no significant differences were observed for these parameters (P>0.05) between the treatments although daily weight gain was higher and feed conversion ratio lower in the males as compared to the females. Carcass yield (C.Y.) was higher in the control T1 (52.39%) though comparable (P>0.05) with all the other treatments. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.05) lower (1.90%) in the treatment T0 but it was comparable to T3 while it was highest (2.28%) in T2. However, C.Y. was higher in males and abdominal fat was higher in females when sex was considered. The relative weight of the lungs was highest in T1 (0.55%), liver in T2 (2.25%), kidneys in T1 (0.56%) and the heart in treatment T2 (0.25%) though, there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) observed in organs weights. Although there were significant differences between organs of different sexes, no regular pattern was maintained. These all signified nutritional adequacy at all levels of inclusion of TDLM, improving growth performance at the inclusion level of 25%. T. diversifolia leaves boiled for 5 minutes, sundried and milled can therefore be used as an alternative ingredient which when included in the rations of rabbits up to 25%, still compares well with conventional ingredients in growth and carcass performance irrespective of the sex. However, the use of TDLM could significantly reduce the cost of feeding and enhance meat production as it is relatively more abundant as compared to other ingredients
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Al-Mula Hamo, Dr Mohammed Saeed, Dr Khalid Khudhur Mulla Tohi, and Dr Mohammed Ahmed Jasim Alogaidi. "The difference between Chirp & Click stimulation in Diagnostic Auditory Brainstem Response in assessment of hearing among age group between 1-10 years Iraqi children." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 05 (May 22, 2021): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05167.
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Background: Aim: To compare the response of human auditory brain stem evoked by clicks stimuli and chirps. Patients and Methods: A study of cross-sectional design was chosen to evaluate the objective of the study. Children between 1-10 years were enrolled from the attendants of the Dept. of Surgery and Audiology, Al-Jamhoori Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health /Nineveh health Directorate, and the outpatient clinics in al-alwiyah teaching hospital for children and done in the privet clinics of the researchers. The data collection extended over the period from 2019 January to 2020 August. A total number of 70 children involved in the study according to the parents’ complaints, full history taken and the clinical examination by otoscopy. The probable conductive problem excluded by using the Tympanometry. Moreover, free field test was done before chirp and click. Paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The males represent (44.3%) and the females (55.7%). The mean age of children included was 49 months ± 27.7 SD. Wave V of the chirp shows lower latency means in all intensities in comparison with that of click stimuli. While waves I and III, show longer latency as the intensity go down, but the differences between chirp and click are insignificant. Wave V amplitudes getting lower values as the intensity decreasing in both chirp and click and become significantly higher than that of click. Wave I and III show decreasing amplitudes with the decreasing intensity in both chirp and click, with higher amplitudes in click in comparing with that of chirp, which are insignificant statistically down to below 70 dBnHL. Conclusions: The chirp stimuli are highly significant and more efficient from the click in the detection of hearing loss among the children regarding both latency and amplitude particularly at wave V.
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Subbarayalu, Arun Vijay, and Ahmed Al Kuwaiti. "Quality of work life (QoWL) of faculty members in Saudi higher education institutions." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 768–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-11-2017-0311.
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Purpose Higher education institutions understand the importance of the quality of work life (QoWL) since it directly impacts faculty members’ involvement in providing high-quality teaching. The purpose of this paper is to compare the QoWL of faculty members in undergraduate medical and undergraduate engineering programs offered at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study design was adopted and 100 faculty members from each program were selected. A pretested QoWL questionnaire was distributed among faculty members using the Questionpro online survey portal. Findings Results showed that there is no significant difference between the two programs with regard to the overall QoWL (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed with respect to dimensions such as “working condition/environment,” “psychosocial factors at work place” and “job satisfaction and job security.” Also, there is a positive relationship observed between all the dimensions of QoWL (p<0.05). Originality/value This study will help educational policy planners to understand the differences in QoWL of faculty members in different programs so as to develop appropriate strategies for its improvement.
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Pereira, Ana Luiza Rodriguez, Nayara Thays Paulino, Ademir Franco, Jose Eduardo Scabora, Giuliano Roberto Gonçalves, and Leandro Henrique Grecco. "Identification of stress signs before practical exams in human anatomy." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): e1569129974. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.9974.
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The teaching-learning process is challenging in human anatomy. In this process, practical exams are necessary to enable a proper evaluation of the students. Students’ performance, on the other hand, reflects not only their knowledge but also their individual reactions to exams. Objective: This study aimed to identify signs and symptoms of stress in undergraduate students before practical exams in human anatomy. Methods: The sample consisted of 93 students (48 females and 45 males, mean age = 20.33 years) enrolled in medical and dental courses at undergraduate level. Blood rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation were assessed 30 minutes before the practical exams. Lipp´s Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults (LSSI) was used. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) was observed for the systolic blood pressure between females (117.76 11.82 mmHg) and males (120.66 10.09 mmHg). Diastolic rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were similar between sex groups (p > 0.05). A higher report of signs and symptoms of stress was detected in females (p < 0.05) for each of the stress stages described by LSSI, namely alarm, resistance and exhaustion. Medical and dental undergraduate students manifested signs and symptoms of stress before practical exams in human anatomy. The outcomes were more evident in females.
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Sureda-García, Inmaculada, Rafael Jiménez-López, Olaya Álvarez-García, and Elena Quintana-Murci. "Emotional and Behavioural Engagement among Spanish Students in Vocational Education and Training." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073882.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the importance of student engagement in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Spain. In accordance with this concept, we analyse how emotional engagement (relations with teachers, relations with peers, family support for learning, and perception of family commitment) influences the behavioural engagement (school effort and commitment, school indiscipline) in academic activities of students in basic and intermediate VET. The sample comprises 1180 students (65.4% male), 28.8% in basic VET and 71.2% in intermediate VET, ranging in age from 14 to 19 years. Data analysis bases on linear regression and regression trees enable the prediction of behavioural engagement according to the subdimensions of emotional engagement, sociodemographic characteristics of the subpopulations, and level of studies. Significant differences were found (t(1013.8) = 8.37, p < 0.001) for the variable of sex (a higher value in females), and variable of the level of studies (t(579.1) = 3.60, p < 0.001) in behavioural engagement. All correlations between the indicators for the behavioural and emotional dimensions were significant. The results provide favourable profiles of behavioural engagement related to having good relationships with the teaching staff, being female, and being enrolled in intermediate VET. These findings imply the reorientation of educational intervention.
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Mocanu, George Danut, Gabriel Murariu, Daniel Andrei Iordan, Ion Sandu, and Mihaela Orlanda Antonovici Munteanu. "The Perception of the Online Teaching Process during the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Students of the Physical Education and Sports Domain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 5558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125558.
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The context of the COVID-19 pandemic required the implementation of special measures to ensure the continuity and quality of teaching in higher education. The study presented here aims to identify the differences of opinion between the age categories of students in the first year of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati, Romania, regarding teaching, learning and assessment activities on online platforms. A total of 147 students divided into three age groups (under 20 years, 20–30 years and over 30 years) filled out a questionnaire composed of items with closed and free answers, structured on four factors (attractiveness, accessibility, motivation and efficiency), after participating in the online teaching and evaluation act during the first semester of the academic year 2020–2021. Multivariate and univariate tests were applied, identifying the influence of the independent age variable on the dependent variables (aspects measured by the items of the questionnaire). Values were obtained at significant thresholds of F for some of the investigated aspects: boredom induced by online activities, stress value, participation, involvement, motivation and adaptation to the online program, usefulness and quality of teaching process, value of professional training and involvement in disruptive activities. The analysis of the differences between the average scores of the items for the pairs formed by age categories highlighted insignificant values between those under 20 and those aged 20–30, but multiple significant differences between the group of those over 30 and the other two groups. The centralization of free answers by environment (rural and urban) identified the advantages perceived by the students about the online activities (increasing the amount of free time, low financial costs, high accessibility, personal learning pace), the reported disadvantages (technical problems, low concentration, poor socialization) and contradictory proposals to improve activities (continuing online, returning to classical teaching, simplifying the subject, using video materials, involving all students in activities). The paper aims to evaluate the performance of teaching activities performed in the first year of study for the students of physical education and sports, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, involving questionnaires validated by the specialty center at the university. The analysis of the results highlighted a series of extremely important aspects that have a role in the future design of activities and courses.
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Núñez-Rocha, Georgina Mayela, Cynthia Karyna López-Botello, Ana María Salinas-Martínez, Hiram V. Arroyo-Acevedo, Rebeca Thelma Martínez-Villarreal, and María Natividad Ávila-Ortiz. "Lifestyle, Quality of Life, and Health Promotion Needs in Mexican University Students: Important Differences by Sex and Academic Discipline." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 8024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218024.
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Few studies have evaluated and contrasted the lifestyles and quality of life of university students by academic discipline. We compared university students’ lifestyle and quality of life, and schools’ compliance with health promotion guidelines. Then, needs were ranked and prioritized. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a public university in Northeastern Mexico. Higher education students with no visual or hearing impairment from six different academic disciplines were included (N = 5443). A self-administered and anonymous questionnaire was applied that included the HPLP (Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile) and SF-12 scales. A check list was employed for measuring 26 on-site schools’ compliance with health promotion guidelines, and needs were ranked using Z-scores. The mean lifestyle was 53.9 ± 14.8 and the mean quality of life was 69.7 ± 5. Men had healthier lifestyles with more exercise and better stress management. The mean compliance with health promotion guidelines was 58.7%. Agricultural Sciences students had the highest need for improving both lifestyle and quality of life. Arts, Education, and Humanities, Engineering and Technology, and Social and Administrative Sciences schools ranked first in need for health promotion actions. The methodology used allowed hierarchization of areas requiring planning and implementation of specific actions, and the results indicated that healthy lifestyles and quality of life should be a priority.
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Niemelä, Hanna, Taija Okkola, Annikka Nurkka, Mikko Kuisma, and Ritva Tuunila. "“Is an accreditation seal worth the effort?”." Quality Assurance in Education 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-01-2013-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present observations of a EUR-ACE accreditation process in a Finnish university. The study demonstrates the effects (benefits, effort and resources required) of accreditation as seen by the university management and teaching staff. Design/methodology/approach – The material of the study was gathered by conducting an interview and questionnaire survey after the accreditation processes of six degree programmes at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, in 2011. Findings – Besides certain shared views, the survey reveals some differences in opinions between the university management and the teaching staff: The management at all levels of the university valued the significance of accreditations somewhat higher than the teaching staff. Most of the interviewees found that accreditations have had an important effect on the curriculum work and thereby on the development of teaching and education. However, the effects on single courses were considered less significant. Research limitations/implications – The study focuses on one university with a limited number of responses and one accreditation agency only (ASIIN, Germany). Originality/value – The engineering degree programmes were the first ones to obtain a EUR-ACE accreditation both in Finland and in the Nordic countries. Thus, the results have a novelty value for Nordic universities and stakeholders in the education sector.
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Mocanu, George Danut, Gabriel Murariu, Lucian Georgescu, and Ion Sandu. "Investigating the Attitudes of First-Year Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galati towards Online Teaching Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 6328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146328.
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The paper identifies the perceptions of first-year undergraduate students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati on online teaching activities, dominant and needful in the current pandemic context. The questionnaire used contains 23 items and was structured based on four distinctive factors, namely attractiveness, accessibility, motivation and efficiency; it was applied after the winter session of the academic year 2020–2021. The values of the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach’s alpha indicate for the four mentioned factors a high fidelity for the measurements of the investigated features. The results of the 147 completed questionnaires allowed the definition of the independent variables sex (boys and girls) and environment of origin (rural and urban) the identification of their influence on the scores of each item (dependent variables) by using the statistical technique MANOVA (multivariate and univariate analysis), besides the values of F and the corresponding significance thresholds; the magnitude of the effect, expressed by partial eta squared (η2p), was also calculated. Even if the averages of item scores differ between sexes and backgrounds, the differences noted are in few cases significant: attractiveness and socialization for those in urban areas; participation in activities and effective involvement for girls; technical deficiencies, platform logging and weak computer skills for those in rural areas; and an increase in free time for girls and students in urban areas. The study undertaken allows the identification of the favorable aspects and the shortcomings of online teaching activities, these being the premises for optimizing the teaching process in the following stages.
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Lee, Nan-Yao, Hsin-Chun Lee, Nai-Ying Ko, Chia-Ming Chang, Hsin-I. Shih, Chi-Jung Wu, and Wen-Chien Ko. "Clinical and Economic Impact of Multidrug Resistance in Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteremia." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 6 (June 2007): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/517954.
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Objective.To investigate the impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical and economic outcomes among hospitalized patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia.Design.A retrospective, matched-cohort study.Setting.A tertiary care university teaching hospitalMethods.A matched case-control (1:1) study was conducted to compare the differences in clinical and economic outcomes of patients with MDR A. baumannii bacteremia and patients with non-MDR A. baumannii bacteremia. Case patients were matched to control patients on the basis of sex, age, severity of underlying and acute illness, and length of hospital stay before onset of bacteremia.Results.Forty-six (95.8%) of 48 cases with MDR A. baumannii bacteremia were eligible for the study and matched with appropriate controls. The sepsis-related mortality rate was 34.8% among cases and 13.0% among controls, for an attributable mortality rate of 21.8% (adjusted odds ratio, 4.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-15.7]; P = .036). After the onset of bacteremia, cases and controls had a significantly different length of hospital stay (54.2 vs 34.1 days; P = .006), hospitalization cost (US$9,349 vs US$4,865; P = .001 ), and antibiotic therapy cost (US$2,257 vs US$1,610; P = .014). Thus, bacteremia due to MDR A. baumannii resulted in 13.4 days of additional hospitalization and US$3,758 of additional costs, compared with bacteremia due to non-MDR A. baumannii.Conclusions.Patients with MDR A. baumannii bacteremia had a higher mortality rate and incurred greater medical costs than patients with non-MDR A. baumannii bacteremia.
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Toktamysov, Saken, Anna Berestova, Nail Israfilov, Yuri Truntsevsky, and Аndrey Korzhuev. "Empowerment or Limitation of the Teachers’ Rights and Abilities in the Prevailing Digital Environment." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 02 (January 26, 2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i02.17015.
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Digital education is actually a product of recent years, although it existed before in various forms. Obviously, modern devices and means of transmitting infor-mation are necessary for its development. Modern “virtual lectures”, e-learning courses, online testing, educational resources portals, as well as digital school registers and educational process monitoring systems have become everyday real-ity. However, the digitalization of the educational system has both positive and negative side. The purpose of the article is to consider the impact of digital educa-tional technologies on learning, from a university teacher’s view point, and to consider their positive aspects and problems. The study was conducted at the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) and University at the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of EurAsEC. The study in-volved 89 teachers who have teaching experience at the university (11.9% - 1-7 years, 28.1% - 8-10 years; 30.8% - 11-15 years; 29.2% - 16-25 years). The main results show that, respondents overly have a good opinion towards learning in virtual environments. The advantages of e-learning are complex for a particular measurement, but it has been found that some identifying variables as “age” shows statistically significant differences, while “gender” and “teaching experi-ence” are not important for evaluating the four provided variables. The study re-sults can be used to improve the perception of new educational technologies by teachers, to organize approaches for introducing innovative educational technolo-gies that expand the possibilities of progressive education on the part of admin-istrations of higher educational institutions and educational departments.
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Aydın, Canan Gönen, Hanife Hale Hekim, Hanifi Üçpunar, Dilek Öztaş, and Avni İlhan Bayhan. "Three dimensional gait analyses in dizygotic twin athletes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 235, no. 8 (April 30, 2021): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544119211012495.
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Gait analysis and gait indices are frequently used to evaluate gait pathologies and outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in gait parameters of dizygotic twin athletes according to each other and athletes group who are similar age but non-twin. Eighty-four athletes without any disease that could cause gait pathology were included the study. Time-distance measurements, kinematic – kinetic variables, and gait deviation index (GDI) of the gait functions of twin athletes (17 boys and 25 girls, height: 153.9 ± 15 cm, weight: 45.9 ± 12 kg, leg length 80.5 ± 11 cm) were compared with each other and with 42 sex and age matched non-twins athletes (height: 155 ± 15 cm, weight: 47 ± 14 kg, leg length 80.6 ± 9.8 cm, mean age 11.8 ± 2.29, range 6–15 years). No statistically significant difference was found about the time, distance parameters and GDIs in comparison of twin athletes with each other and the non-twin group. Additionally, kinetic and kinematic variables were similar in between twins. We measured lower adduction angles and higher abduction angles in non-twin athletes in comparison to the twin athletes ( p = 0.01, 0.04). Additionally, the angle of knee flexion at the first contact was higher in non-twins ( p = 0.003). Being dizygotic twin seems to have no clinical effect on gait function in athletes.
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Kulturel-Konak, Sadan, Mary Lou D’Allegro, and Sarah Dickinson. "Review Of Gender Differences In Learning Styles: Suggestions For STEM Education." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 4, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v4i3.4116.
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Women have made great strides in baccalaureate degree obtainment, out numbering men by over 230,000 conferred baccalaureate degrees in 2008. However, the proportion of earned degrees for women in some of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) courses continues to lag behind male baccalaureate completions (National Science Foundation, 2010). In addition, according to the National Center for Women and Information Technology (NCWIT), only 21% of information and computer science degrees were awarded to women in 2006 (NCWIT, 2007). In the past decade, higher education has experienced a rapid decline in the number of women involved in the information sciences, particularly computer science (Bank, 2007). A number of social and educational factors have been considered barriers to women entering STEM fields and this area has been well studied in the literature. However, research examining the relationship between gender differences and learning styles in the context of these technical fields is limited. According to Kolb (1976), people decide on a major based on how well the norms of the major fit with their individual learning styles. This paper presents gender differences in learning styles and recommends teaching methodologies most preferred for female learners in STEM courses. Further, a survey was administered to ascertain the extent the results of this study support previous findings.
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Yasmin, Fakhra, Shengbing Li, Yan Zhang, Petra Poulova, and Ahsan Akbar. "Unveiling the International Students’ Perspective of Service Quality in Chinese Higher Education Institutions." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116008.
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Foreign students’ satisfaction with the service quality of Chinese universities is essential for the sustainable internationalization of China’s higher education system. The present study employs a survey research method to bring in the foreign students’ perspective of the various aspects of service quality in seven key Chinese universities. Accordingly, 618 valid questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study findings posit that, although foreign students affirm that teachers are supportive and well qualified, they have concerns about the English proficiency of instructors. Likewise, foreign students were not satisfied with the frequency of formal research meetings with their advisers and the assistance with research techniques and relevant literature sources. Overall, female foreign students were less satisfied than their male counterparts. Moreover, foreign students reported higher satisfaction from teaching services and learning resources, moderate satisfaction from advisory services, and meager satisfaction from the administrative and support services of their respective Chinese institutions. Besides, we found significant differences between sample Chinese universities on various constructs of service quality. Likewise, arts and social sciences students were less satisfied with the service quality of the institution as compared to their natural sciences and engineering counterparts. The policy implications of this research for various stakeholders are discussed.
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Sáiz-Manzanares, María, Raúl Marticorena-Sánchez, Natalia Muñoz-Rujas, Sandra Rodríguez-Arribas, María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares, Nuria Alonso-Santander, M. Martínez-Martín, and Elvira Mercado-Val. "Teaching and Learning Styles on Moodle: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Using STEM and Non-STEM Qualifications from a Gender Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031166.
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Teaching in Higher Education is with increasing frequency completed within a Learning Management System (LMS) environment in the Blended Learning modality. The use of learning objects (activities and resources) offered by LMS means that both teachers and students require training. In addition, gender differences relating to the number of students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and Non-STEM courses might have some influence on the use of those learning objects. The study involves 13 teachers (6 experts in e-Learning and 7 non-experts) on 13 academic courses (4 STEM and 9 Non-STEM) and a detailed examination of the logs of 626 students downloaded from the Moodle platform. Our objectives are: (1) To confirm whether significant differences may be found in relation to the use of learning objects (resources and activities) on Moodle, depending on the expertise of the teacher (expert vs. non-expert in e-Learning); (2) To confirm whether there are significant differences between students regarding their use of learning objects, depending on the expertise of the teacher (expert vs. non-expert in e-Learning); (3) To confirm whether there are significant differences for the use of learning objects among students as a function of gender. Differences were found in the use of Moodle learning objects (resources and activities) for teachers and for students depending on the expertise of the teacher. Likewise, differences were found for the use of some learning objects as a function of gender and the degrees that the students were following. Increased technological training for both teachers and students is proposed, especially on Non-STEM qualifications, in order to mitigate the effects of the technological gap and its collateral relation with the gender gap and the digital divide.
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Chua, Winnie, Jonathan P. Law, Victor R. Cardoso, Yanish Purmah, Georgiana Neculau, Muhammad Jawad-Ul-Qamar, Kalisha Russell, et al. "Quantification of fibroblast growth factor 23 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide to identify patients with atrial fibrillation using a high-throughput platform: A validation study." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e1003405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003405.
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Background Large-scale screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) requires reliable methods to identify at-risk populations. Using an experimental semi-quantitative biomarker assay, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were recently identified as the most suitable biomarkers for detecting AF in combination with simple morphometric parameters (age, sex, and body mass index [BMI]). In this study, we validated the AF model using standardised, high-throughput, high-sensitivity biomarker assays. Methods and findings For this study, 1,625 consecutive patients with either (1) diagnosed AF or (2) sinus rhythm with CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2 or more were recruited from a large teaching hospital in Birmingham, West Midlands, UK, between September 2014 and February 2018. Seven-day ambulatory ECG monitoring excluded silent AF. Patients with tachyarrhythmias apart from AF and incomplete cases were excluded. AF was diagnosed according to current clinical guidelines and confirmed by ECG. We developed a high-throughput, high-sensitivity assay for FGF23, quantified plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and FGF23, and compared results to the previously used multibiomarker research assay. Data were fitted to the previously derived model, adjusting for differences in measurement platforms and known confounders (heart failure and chronic kidney disease). In 1,084 patients (46% with AF; median [Q1, Q3] age 70 [60, 78] years, median [Q1, Q3] BMI 28.8 [25.1, 32.8] kg/m2, 59% males), patients with AF had higher concentrations of NT-proBNP (median [Q1, Q3] per 100 pg/ml: with AF 12.00 [4.19, 30.15], without AF 4.25 [1.17, 15.70]; p < 0.001) and FGF23 (median [Q1, Q3] per 100 pg/ml: with AF 1.93 [1.30, 4.16], without AF 1.55 [1.04, 2.62]; p < 0.001). Univariate associations remained after adjusting for heart failure and estimated glomerular filtration rate, known confounders of NT-proBNP and FGF23. The fitted model yielded a C-statistic of 0.688 (95% CI 0.656, 0.719), almost identical to that of the derived model (C-statistic 0.691; 95% CI 0.638, 0.744). The key limitation is that this validation was performed in a cohort that is very similar demographically to the one used in model development, calling for further external validation. Conclusions Age, sex, and BMI combined with elevated NT-proBNP and elevated FGF23, quantified on a high-throughput platform, reliably identify patients with AF. Trial registration Registry IRAS ID 97753 Health Research Authority (HRA), United Kingdom