Relevant bibliographies by topics / Engineering novel membrane system

Academic literature on the topic 'Engineering novel membrane system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Engineering novel membrane system.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Engineering novel membrane system"

1

Zheng, Hui, Sungsoo Lee, Marc C. Llaguno, and Qiu-Xing Jiang. "bSUM: A bead-supported unilamellar membrane system facilitating unidirectional insertion of membrane proteins into giant vesicles." Journal of General Physiology 147, no. 1 (December 28, 2015): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201511448.

Full text
Abstract:
Fused or giant vesicles, planar lipid bilayers, a droplet membrane system, and planar-supported membranes have been developed to incorporate membrane proteins for the electrical and biophysical analysis of such proteins or the bilayer properties. However, it remains difficult to incorporate membrane proteins, including ion channels, into reconstituted membrane systems that allow easy control of operational dimensions, incorporation orientation of the membrane proteins, and lipid composition of membranes. Here, using a newly developed chemical engineering procedure, we report on a bead-supported unilamellar membrane (bSUM) system that allows good control over membrane dimension, protein orientation, and lipid composition. Our new system uses specific ligands to facilitate the unidirectional incorporation of membrane proteins into lipid bilayers. Cryo–electron microscopic imaging demonstrates the unilamellar nature of the bSUMs. Electrical recordings from voltage-gated ion channels in bSUMs of varying diameters demonstrate the versatility of the new system. Using KvAP as a model system, we show that compared with other in vitro membrane systems, the bSUMs have the following advantages: (a) a major fraction of channels are orientated in a controlled way; (b) the channels mediate the formation of the lipid bilayer; (c) there is one and only one bilayer membrane on each bead; (d) the lipid composition can be controlled and the bSUM size is also under experimental control over a range of 0.2–20 µm; (e) the channel activity can be recorded by patch clamp using a planar electrode; and (f) the voltage-clamp speed (0.2–0.5 ms) of the bSUM on a planar electrode is fast, making it suitable to study ion channels with fast gating kinetics. Our observations suggest that the chemically engineered bSUMs afford a novel platform for studying lipid–protein interactions in membranes of varying lipid composition and may be useful for other applications, such as targeted delivery and single-molecule imaging.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Xuan, Mingjun, Jingxin Shao, and Junbai Li. "Cell membrane-covered nanoparticles as biomaterials." National Science Review 6, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz037.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Surface engineering of synthetic carriers is an essential and important strategy for drug delivery in vivo. However, exogenous properties make synthetic nanosystems invaders that easily trigger the passive immune clearance mechanism, increasing the retention effect caused by the reticuloendothelial systems and bioadhesion, finally leading to low therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects. Recently, a cell membrane cloaking technique has been reported as a novel interfacing approach from the biological/immunological perspective, and has proved useful for improving the performance of synthetic nanocarriers in vivo. After cell membrane cloaking, nanoparticles not only acquire the physiochemical properties of natural cell membranes but also inherit unique biological functions due to the presence of membrane-anchored proteins, antigens, and immunological moieties. The derived biological properties and functions, such as immunosuppressive capability, long circulation time, and targeted recognition integrated in synthetic nanosystems, have enhanced their potential in biomedicine in the future. Here, we review the cell membrane-covered nanosystems, highlight their novelty, introduce relevant biomedical applications, and describe the future prospects for the use of this novel biomimetic system constructed from a combination of cell membranes and synthetic nanomaterials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sannigrahi, Achinta, Vishwesh Haricharan Rai, Muhsin Vannan Chalil, Debayani Chakraborty, Subrat Kumar Meher, and Rahul Roy. "A Versatile Suspended Lipid Membrane System for Probing Membrane Remodeling and Disruption." Membranes 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121190.

Full text
Abstract:
Artificial membrane systems can serve as models to investigate molecular mechanisms of different cellular processes, including transport, pore formation, and viral fusion. However, the current, such as SUVs, GUVs, and the supported lipid bilayers suffer from issues, namely high curvature, heterogeneity, and surface artefacts, respectively. Freestanding membranes provide a facile solution to these issues, but current systems developed by various groups use silicon or aluminum oxide wafers for fabrication that involves access to a dedicated nanolithography facility and high cost while conferring poor membrane stability. Here, we report the development, characterization and applications of an easy-to-fabricate suspended lipid bilayer (SULB) membrane platform leveraging commercial track-etched porous filters (PCTE) with defined microwell size. Our SULB system offers a platform to study the lipid composition-dependent structural and functional properties of membranes with exceptional stability. With dye entrapped in PCTE microwells by SULB, we show that sphingomyelin significantly augments the activity of pore-forming toxin, Cytolysin A (ClyA) and the pore formation induces lipid exchange between the bilayer leaflets. Further, we demonstrate high efficiency and rapid kinetics of membrane fusion by dengue virus in our SULB platform. Our suspended bilayer membrane mimetic offers a novel platform to investigate a large class of biomembrane interactions and processes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Watanabe, Y., K. Kimura, and T. Suzuki. "Membrane application to water purification process in Japan – development of hybrid membrane system." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 10-11 (May 1, 2000): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0596.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper deals with two recent developments made by the authors about the hybrid membrane systems applicable to the water purification. The performance of a hybrid MF membrane system with circulating powdered activated carbon and condensed sludge has been studied using a pilot plant. The powdered activated carbon was intermittently dosed to the system for adsorbing mainly the humic substances. Manganese ions and ammonia nitrogen were biologically oxidized by the iron-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria inhibiting the condensed sludge. In the hybrid MF membrane system, decreasing rate of the permeability was much less than that of a conventional MF membrane process. This may result from the reduced organic loading to the membrane due to the adsorption of humic substances onto the powdered activated carbons. A novel UF membrane process was also developed, where the nitrifying bacteria are fixed on the surface of the rotating disk membranes. With this membrane process, the simultaneous performance of the strict solid-liquid separation and the biological ammonia oxidation are possible. In order to increase the washing efficiency, a small quantity of the sponge particles were introduced into the membrane chamber and then the disk rotational speed was increased. This membrane washing method using sponge particles was so effective that the filtration resistance due to the accumulated cake was completely cancelled.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Polak, Daniel, Izabela Zielińska, Maciej Szwast, Igor Kogut, and Artur Małolepszy. "Modification of Ceramic Membranes with Carbon Compounds for Pharmaceutical Substances Removal from Water in a Filtration—Adsorption System." Membranes 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070481.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this work is to develop a new type of carbon-ceramic membranes for the removal of pharmaceutical substances from water. The membranes were prepared by the chemical modification method using an organosilicon precursor—octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). Graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxylic groups, and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used in the modification process. The filtration properties and adsorption properties of the developed membranes were tested. In order to characterize the membrane, the water permeability, the change of the permeate flux in time, and the adsorbed mass of the substance were determined. Additionally, the surface properties of the membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements and porosimetry. The antibiotic tetracycline was used in the adsorption tests. Based on the results, the improved adsorption properties of the modified membrane in relation to the unmodified membrane were noticed. Novel ceramic membranes modified with MWCNT are characterized by 45.4% removal of tetracycline and permeate flux of 520 L·h·m−2·bar−1. We demonstrated the ability of modified membranes to adsorb pharmaceuticals from water streams that are in contact with the membrane. Novel membranes retain their filtration properties. Therefore, such membranes can be used in an integrated filtration–adsorption process.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Rodríguez-Sáez, Laura, Sotiris I. Patsios, Jorge Senán-Salinas, Junkal Landaburu-Aguirre, Serena Molina, and Eloy García-Calvo. "A Novel Application of Recycled Ultrafiltration Membranes in an Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor (aMBR): A Proof-of-Concept Study." Membranes 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020218.

Full text
Abstract:
The use of recycled ultrafiltration (r-UF) membranes, originating from end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes, as submerged flat-sheet membranes in an aerobic membrane bioreactor (aMBR) system is described herein for the first time. A feasibility study of this new approach was performed in a laboratory-scale aMBR system. The r-UF membrane performance was evaluated in terms of permeability, fouling behavior, and permeate quality using a widely used commercial flat sheet microfiltration membrane (c-MF) as a reference. Tests were conducted under steady-flux operation (at 12 and 14 L·m−2·h−1) and a variable trans-membrane pressure. Synthetic wastewater simulating urban wastewater characteristics with approx. 0.4–0.5 g/L COD concentration was used as the feed. The obtained results showed that the rejection performance of the r-UF membrane was similar to the performance of the commercial flat sheet microfiltration membrane (c-MF) under comparable operating conditions. Moreover, concerning fouling behavior, the r-UF membrane exhibited higher fouling resistance compared with the c-MF membrane, although the permeability decline rate was lower. Both membranes had comparable fouling mechanisms behavior, with cake layer fouling resistance accounting for approx. 60% of the total fouling resistance. Finally, a preliminary economic assessment pointed out the potential competitiveness of using r-UF membranes for aMBRs (5.9–10.9 EUR·m−2) and the scaling-up challenges toward industrial applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ibarra-Bahena, J., W. Rivera, R. J. Romero, M. Montiel-González, and U. Dehesa-Carrasco. "Novel intermittent absorption cooling system based on membrane separation process." Applied Thermal Engineering 136 (May 2018): 718–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.03.039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bagolini, Alvise, Raffaele Correale, Antonino Picciotto, Maurizio Di Lorenzo, and Marco Scapinello. "MEMS Membranes with Nanoscale Holes for Analytical Applications." Membranes 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020074.

Full text
Abstract:
Micro-electro-mechanical membranes having nanoscale holes were developed, to be used as a nanofluidic sample inlet in novel analytical applications. Nanoscopic holes can be used as sampling points to enable a molecular flow regime, enhancing the performance and simplifying the layout of mass spectrometers and other analytical systems. To do this, the holes must be placed on membranes capable of consistently withstanding a pressure gradient of 1 bar. To achieve this goal, a membrane-in-membrane structure was adopted, where a larger and thicker membrane is microfabricated, and smaller sub-membranes are then realized in it. The nanoscopic holes are opened in the sub-membranes. Prototype devices were fabricated, having hole diameters from 300 to 600 nm, a membrane side of 80 μm, and a simulated maximum displacement of less than 150 nm under a 1 bar pressure gradient. The obtained prototypes were tested in a dedicated vacuum system, and a method to calculate the effective orifice diameter using gas flow measurements at different pressure gradients was implemented. The calculated diameters were in good agreement with the target diameter sizes. Micro-electro-mechanical technology was successfully used to develop a novel micromembrane with nanoscopic holes, and the fabricated prototypes were successfully used as a gas inlet in a vacuum system for mass spectrometry and other analytical systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ghezel-Ayagh, H., S. Jolly, D. Patel, J. Hunt, W. A. Steen, C. F. Richardson, and O. A. Marina. "A Novel System for Carbon Dioxide Capture Utilizing Electrochemical Membrane Technology." ECS Transactions 51, no. 1 (June 26, 2013): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05101.0265ecst.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Shen, S. S., K. P. Liu, J. J. Yang, Y. Li, R. B. Bai, and X. J. Zhou. "Application of a triblock copolymer additive modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for effective oil/water separation." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (May 2018): 171979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171979.

Full text
Abstract:
A hollow fibre membrane was fabricated by blending polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a triblock copolymer additive polymer that has both hydrophilic and oleophobic surface properties. The novel membrane was characterized and examined for oil/water separation under various system conditions, including different cross-flow rate, feed temperature, trans-membrane pressure, and its rejection and cleaning efficiency, etc. By applying the membrane into the filtration of synthesized oil/water emulsion, the membrane constantly achieved an oil rejection rate of above 99%, with a relatively constant permeate flux varied in the range of 68.9–59.0 l m −2 h −1 . More importantly, the fouling of the used membrane can be easily removed by simple water flushing. The membrane also demonstrated a wide adaptability for different types of real oily wastewater, even at very high feed oil concentration (approx. 115 000 mg l −1 in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COM)). Hence, the novel triblock copolymer additive-modified PVDF membrane can have a great prospect in the continuing effort to expand the engineering application of polymeric membranes for oily wastewater treatment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Engineering novel membrane system"

1

HOWARD, SHAUN CHRISTOPHER. "PHASE SEPARATION IN MIXED ORGANOSILANE MONOLAYERS: A MODEL SYSTEM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL MEMBRANES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123873986.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Millward, Huw Richard. "Novel membrane bioreactors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317837.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lloyd, Michael C. "Novel materials for membrane separation processes." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9680/.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this work was to synthesise a series of hydrophilic derivatives of cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene (cis-DHCD) and copolymerise them with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), to produce a completely new range of hydrogel materials. It is theorised that hydrogels incorporating such derivatives of cis-DHCD will exhibit good strength and elasticity in addition to good water binding ability. The synthesis of derivatives was attempted by both enzymatic and chemical methods. Enzyme synthesis involved the transesterification of cis-DHCD with a number of trichloro and trifluoroethyl esters using the enzyme lipase porcine pancreas to catalyse the reaction in organic solvent. Cyclohexanol was used in initial studies to assess the viability of enzyme catalysed reactions. Chemical synthesis involved the epoxidation of a number of unsaturated carboxylic acids and the subsequent reaction of these epoxy acids with cis-DHCD in DCC/DMAP catalysed esterifications. The silylation of cis-DHCD using TBDCS and BSA was also studied. The rate of aromatisation of cis-DHCD at room temperature was studied in order to assess its stability and 1H NMR studies were also undertaken to determine the conformations adopted by derivatives of cis-DHCD. The copolymerisation of diepoxybutanoate, diepoxyundecanoate, dibutenoate and silyl protected derivatives of cis-DHCD with HEMA, to produce a new group of hydrogels was investigated. The EWC and mechanical properties of these hydrogels were measured and DSC was used to determine the amount of freezing and non-freezing water in the membranes. The effect on EWC of opening the epoxide rings of the comonomers was also investigated
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mustapha, Rasha. "Hybrid refrigeration system with a novel membrane exchanger." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM073.

Full text
Abstract:
L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une méthodologie et un outil de modélisation pour concevoir des systèmes hybrides de réfrigération et de climatisation à haute performance, abordables et flexibles. Il se concentre sur des systèmes hybrides basés sur le couplage d'un cycle de dessiccation et un cycle de compression de vapeur permettant un contrôle efficace de l'humidité dans les applications de climatisation et un fonctionnement sans givre dans les applications de réfrigération. Le travail a été développé pour étudier une nouvelle conception d'un échangeur membranaire de chaleur et de masse à l'aide de membranes originales et d'une nouvelle conception liée à la distribution de liquide. La conception tire parti des matériaux à faible coût qui sont testés expérimentalement à l'aide d'une nouvelle méthodologie pour déduire leur perméabilité de la vapeur d'eau qui affecte significativement le transfert de masse. Un prototype de l'échangeur membranaire proposé est alors construit et une approche de modélisation des phénomènes de transfert de chaleur et de masse est développée et appuyée par des caractérisations expérimentales. Ce modèle est ensuite utilisé pour étudier l'intérêt énergétique de l'intégration de ces échangeurs dans les applications de climatisation et pour concevoir une architecture flexible capable de faire face à la variation saisonnière du rapport de charge latente à sensible. Les résultats montrent que le système hybride étudié présente des solutions alternatives prometteuses comparé aux cycles conventionnels, où ils peuvent améliorer de façon significative les performances et réduire la consommation d'électricité
The major objective of this thesis is to propose a methodology and a modeling tool to design high performance, affordable and flexible hybrid refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It focuses on hybrid systems based on coupling a desiccant cycle with a vapor compression cycle allowing an efficient humidity control in air conditioning applications and a frost free operation in refrigeration applications. The work was developed to investigate a novel design of a membrane based heat and mass exchanger using original membrane materials and new design related to liquid distribution. The design takes advantage of materials with low cost that are experimentally tested using a new methodology to infer their water vapor permeability that greatly affects the mass transfer. A prototype of the designed membrane exchanger is then built and a modeling approach of the heat and mass transfer phenomena is developed and is supported by experimental characterization. This model is then used to study the energy interest of the integration of these exchangers in air conditioning applications and to design a flexible architecture able to cope with the seasonal variation of the latent to sensible load ratio. The results show that the studied hybrid system present promising alternatives for conventional cycles where they can significantly improve the performance and decrease the consumption of electricity
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ramraj, Varun. "Exploiting whole-PDB analysis in novel bioinformatics applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6c59c813-2a4c-440c-940b-d334c02dd075.

Full text
Abstract:
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is the definitive electronic repository for experimentally-derived protein structures, composed mainly of those determined by X-ray crystallography. Approximately 200 new structures are added weekly to the PDB, and at the time of writing, it contains approximately 97,000 structures. This represents an expanding wealth of high-quality information but there seem to be few bioinformatics tools that consider and analyse these data as an ensemble. This thesis explores the development of three efficient, fast algorithms and software implementations to study protein structure using the entire PDB. The first project is a crystal-form matching tool that takes a unit cell and quickly (< 1 second) retrieves the most related matches from the PDB. The unit cell matches are combined with sequence alignments using a novel Family Clustering Algorithm to display the results in a user-friendly way. The software tool, Nearest-cell, has been incorporated into the X-ray data collection pipeline at the Diamond Light Source, and is also available as a public web service. The bulk of the thesis is devoted to the study and prediction of protein disorder. Initially, trying to update and extend an existing predictor, RONN, the limitations of the method were exposed and a novel predictor (called MoreRONN) was developed that incorporates a novel sequence-based clustering approach to disorder data inferred from the PDB and DisProt. MoreRONN is now clearly the best-in-class disorder predictor and will soon be offered as a public web service. The third project explores the development of a clustering algorithm for protein structural fragments that can work on the scale of the whole PDB. While protein structures have long been clustered into loose families, there has to date been no comprehensive analytical clustering of short (~6 residue) fragments. A novel fragment clustering tool was built that is now leading to a public database of fragment families and representative structural fragments that should prove extremely helpful for both basic understanding and experimentation. Together, these three projects exemplify how cutting-edge computational approaches applied to extensive protein structure libraries can provide user-friendly tools that address critical everyday issues for structural biologists.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Banks, Stacie. "The treatment of landfill leachate using an MFUF membrane system: Focusing on membrane fouling." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26572.

Full text
Abstract:
Membrane systems are being used increasingly throughout the western world to treat landfill leachate as environmental regulations tighten. This work examined leachate filtration using a bench-scale MF/UF membrane system, focussing on surface fouling and constituent reductions at the Trail Road Landfill in Ottawa, Ontario. The study found that ultrafiltration membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 KDa and below gave the best overall leachate treatment. A 1 KDa ultrafiltration membrane gave the highest percent removals overall of all the membranes tested, but had one of the lowest steady state fluxes ranging from 2 to 5 L/m2h. Carbonates such as calcite and dolomite were determined to be one of the main foulants/scalants. Iron sulphides or iron oxides tended to form a general coating over the membrane surface and may have been the base for a surface coating of mixed-element origins observed in spring 2003. The fouling type was generally thought to be cake filtration based on flux results and basic fouling determination equations. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Shahriari, Zavareh Haleh. "Evaluation and modeling of a membrane activated sludge system." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26395.

Full text
Abstract:
A membrane activated sludge bench-scale system was used to treat a complex synthetic wastewater over a wide range of operating conditions ranging 1 to 15 day(s) solids retention time (SRT) and 4 to 12 hours hydraulic retention time (HRT). Although the membrane reactor was able to provide good to excellent separation of particulates from the liquid in the mixed liquor over these operating conditions, the membrane failed, primarily due to clogging at operating conditions outside of these ranges. Various techniques, such as coagulant addition, were attempted to further expand the operating range but they failed. All runs were conducted until steady state conditions existed at which time data for modelling were collected. Performance of the system primarily for carbon and nitrogen removal is described for conditions where solids loss or clogging was nonproblematic. Different mathematical models to predict the behaviour of an activated sludge system and to estimate stoichiometric and kinetics parameters are presented. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Smith, Shaleena. "Pilot assessment of Novel Membrane Bioreactor Processes - Improvements in Biological Nutrient Removal and Membrane Operation." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3357.

Full text
Abstract:
With increasing water reuse applications and upcoming stringent regulations for treated wastewater effluent discharge, wastewater plants need to consider alternative technologies beyond conventional treatment processes. The new regulations, Numeric Nutrient Criteria (NNC), may regulate discharge nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations to as low as 0.5 mg/L as N and 10 μg/L as P respectively. To meet these target requirements, system retrofitting to incorporate chemical or advanced nutrient removal systems possibly with membrane technology will most likely be required. Although microfiltration/ultrafiltration membranes coupled with biological processes, otherwise known as membrane bioreactors (MBR), remove contaminants and suspended solids, nutrient removal is minimal to none. This emphasizes the importance of the biological process in MBRs. This study evaluated and tested the improvement of biological nutrient removal (BNR) in an MBR system which can meet NNC regulations along with the optimization of membrane operation for the reduction of fouling and energy consumption. A pilot study was conducted at the City of Tampa wastewater treatment plant and was divided into four phases of experimentation using two submerged MBR membranes operated with modified biological configurations. Laboratory analyses and data collection were conducted during the experiments and the performance evaluated for each configuration. System configurations were also optimized throughout each phase of testing for nutrient removal. Important factors used in the development of an appropriate configuration included isolation of the membrane tank from the biological reactors in the design, control of the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations or specifically the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) during operation and appropriate internal recirculation rates between the reactors. The results of this study provided information relevant for the assessment of both the BNR process and membrane performance. Membrane performance data indicated the importance and effect of air scouring (despite energy consumption) on membrane fouling for long-term stable flux operation as well as the cleaning frequency whether chemical enhanced backwash (CEB) or clean-in-place (CIP). This assessment also discussed how BNR systems can be enhanced through the incorporation of important design factors to eliminate the inhibiting factors of nitrogen and phosphorus removal such as dissolved oxygen. One of the biological processes tested in this study achieved effluent nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations below 5 mg/L and 1 mg/L respectively. Although the process tested did not meet NNC criteria, it can be applied with chemical precipitation. This, in turn, can reduce the operating and maintenance (O&M) costs associated with the chemical precipitation of phosphorus.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Andhee, Avinash. "A novel compact Shearographic NDT system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5546.

Full text
Abstract:
Includes bibliographical references
There is a need in industry and the NDT (Non-destructive Testing) community for quick, reliable, user-friendly and cost-effective compact NDT systems that can be used on a wide variety of materials and structures, for quality assurance and maintenance. Designing and building a compact Shearographic NDT system will enhance the capability of inspection during quality assurance and maintenance routines as well as reduce inspection time. Older compact Shearographic systems, which have been tested satisfactorily both under laboratory and field conditions at the NDT Laboratory at the University of Cape Town, have a rather restricted field of view. This is due to the proprietary shearing optics being placed in front of the camera lens, which in other words means that the field of view can only be increased by using a relatively small focal length camera lens which results in having to increase the size of the shearing optics. This would make the compact Shearographic device much larger which is counter-productive since technology enables/directs research and development toward more compact devices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Du, Preez Ryne. "Development of a membrane immobilised amidase bioreactor system." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1996.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Engineering novel membrane system"

1

J, Yaszemski Michael, ed. Tissue engineering and novel delivery system. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kumar, R. A novel multireceiver communications system configuration based on optimal estimation theory. Pasadena, Calif: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

PEM fuel cell failure mode analysis. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Protected membrane roofing system: Facilities Engineering Applications Program : innovative ideas for the operation, maintenance, & repair of Army facilities. [Fort Belvoir, Va.?: US Army Corps of Engineers, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

United States. Army. Corps of Engineers., ed. Protected membrane roofing system: Facilities Engineering Applications Program : innovative ideas for the operation, maintenance, & repair of Army facilities. [Fort Belvoir, Va.?: US Army Corps of Engineers, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Salinas-Rodríguez, Sergio G., Juan Arévalo, Juan Manuel Ortiz, Eduard Borràs-Camps, Victor Monsalvo-Garcia, Maria D. Kennedy, and Abraham Esteve-Núñez, eds. Microbial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062120.

Full text
Abstract:
The world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment. MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses. An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit. This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells. ISBN: 9781789062113 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062120 (eBook)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Marcus, Aaron. Design, User Experience, and Usability: Novel User Experiences. Springer, 2016.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Novel Algorithms for Fast Statistical Analysis of Scaled Circuits Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Marcus, Aaron. Design, User Experience, and Usability: User Experience in Novel Technological Environments. Springer, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Thiriet, Marc. Signaling at the Cell Surface in the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems. Springer, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Engineering novel membrane system"

1

Bai, Shi, An Chun Mo, Su Qin Xian, Yi Zuo, Yu Bao Li, and Wei Xu. "Characterization and Antibacterial Effect of a Novel Nanocomposite Membrane." In Key Engineering Materials, 325–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-422-7.325.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Edidiong, Okon, Shehu Habiba, and Gobina Edward. "Novel Study of Catalysts and Membrane in Esterification Reaction." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 329–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1088-0_25.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Isono, Yasuyuki, Hiroshi Nabetani, and Mitsutoshi Nakajima. "Continuous Synthesis of Aspartame Precursor with Membrane Enzyme Reactor — Membrane Extractor System." In Developments in Food Engineering, 686–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_222.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Masaru, Nakaiwa, Yashima Mutsuo, Fan Liang-Tseng, and Ohmori Takao. "Bifurcation and Chaos in an Enzymatic Membrane System." In Biochemical Engineering for 2001, 685–88. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68180-9_183.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pandey, Kanti Bhooshan, and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi. "Activation of Plasma Membrane Redox System: A Novel Antiaging Strategy." In Molecular Basis and Emerging Strategies for Anti-aging Interventions, 297–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1699-9_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Shewale, Mahesh S., Sharad S. Mulik, Suhas P. Deshmukh, Abhishek D. Patange, Hrishikesh B. Zambare, and Advait P. Sundare. "Novel Machine Health Monitoring System." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology, 461–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1610-4_47.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Han, Lisha, Laisheng Xiang, and Xiyu Liu. "Membrane System for Decision-Making Problems." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks, 357–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11104-9_42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Karaseitanidis, Ioannis, and A. Amditis. "A Novel Acoustic Tracking System for Virtual Reality Systems." In Product Engineering, 99–122. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8200-9_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Tao, Wen, Zhang Yuqing, Zhang Bo, Lei Jing, Yang Yunxiang, and Guo Jing. "A Novel Improved System Based on CVSS." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1015–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6508-9_123.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sriram, S., and V. Prakash. "A Novel Black Box System for Automobiles." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 325–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8575-8_31.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Engineering novel membrane system"

1

Almahmoud, Omar, Tae-Youl Choi, Young-Soo Seo, Hyo-Sun Kim, and Kevin A. Johnson. "Silica Nanocomposite Membrane for Dehumidification." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72291.

Full text
Abstract:
Various designs of novel membrane (silica nanocomposite polyurethane membrane) were tested for its optimal configuration in a membrane-based dehumidification system. This membrane was designed with a hydrophobic polymer matrix with hydrophilic silica nanochains. In this dehumidification process, two driving forces were suggested: concentration gradient of water vapor in the atmospheric air channel due to sweep gas and pressure gradient due to vacuum. This paper describes validation of the model configurations using the finite element method software (COMSOL Multiphysics) with experiments. Pressurized air enters an air duct at 1–5 liters per minute flow rate. Air is then humidified using a misting nozzle until saturation. Then the humid air passes by the membrane with a vacuum pump connected vertically to the duct to maximize the dehumidification rate. A novel design showed water vapor reduction from 19.4 grams of water vapor per kilogram of dry air to 16.9 grams of water vapor per kilogram of dry air for the 1 liter per minute flow rate of the 47 mm diameter membrane.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Biswas, Amitava. "A Novel Analysis of the Mechanics of Cochlea, the Inner Ear." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42394.

Full text
Abstract:
The human ear is often regarded as a paragon of mechanical engineering. To understand how the hearing system works, scientists have proposed detailed models of its specific aspects—the transfer of acoustic energy from the atmosphere to the tympanic membrane via the external ear; the coupling of the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea via ossicles; the resultant fluidic oscillations in the cochlear ducts; the formation of traveling waves in the basilar membrane of the cochlea; the mechanical stimulation of inner hair cells by the basilar membrane; and the consequential transduction of nerve impulses. Scientists have also proposed models to explain the phenomenon of enhancement of the traveling waves in the basilar membrane by synchronized co-contraction in the length of outer hair cells (OHCs). Although it is unrealistic that any OHC would contract in length without expanding in diameter, the models proposed by other analysts have so far incorporated the longitudinal contraction of OHCs only, suggesting that the impact of any diametric expansion of OHCs would be relatively trival. Here we show that the basilar membrane would behave like a Beam-Column system, which may be significantly influenced by the diametric expansion of OHCs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sundaresan, Vishnu-Baba, and Sergio Salinas. "Integrated Bioderived-Conducting Polymer Membrane Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8170.

Full text
Abstract:
Conducting polymers are ionic active materials that can perform electro-chemo-mechanical work through redox reactions. The electro-chemo-mechanical coupling in these materials has been successfully applied to develop various application platforms (actuation systems, sensor elements and energy storage devices (super capacitors, battery electrodes)). Similarly, bioderived membranes are ionic active materials that have been demonstrated as actuators, sensors and energy harvesting devices. Bioderived membranes offer significant advantages over synthetic ionic active materials in energy conversion and the scientific community has put forward various system level concepts for application in engineering applications. The biological origins of these material systems and their subsequent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties have served as a key deterrent in applications. This article proposes a novel architecture that combines a conducting polymer and a bioderived membrane into an integrated material system in which the charge gradients generated from a biochemical reaction is stored and released in the conducting polymer through redox reactions. This paper discusses the fabrication and topographical characterization of the integrated bioderived-conducting polymer membrane nanostructures. The prototype comprises of an organized array of fluid-filled three-dimensional containers with an integrated membrane shell that performs energy conversion and storage owing to its multi-functional microstructure. The bioderived membrane is self-assembled into a hollow spherical container from synthetic membranes or bilayer lipid membranes with proteins and the conducting polymer membrane forms a wrapper around this container resulting in a three-dimensional assembly.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wang, Zeyu, Chen Chen, Linkai Tao, Wei Yuan, Wei Li, Chenglu Sun, and Wei Chen. "Novel Active ECG Electrode and Membrane Pressure Sensor-based Unconstrained Cardiorespiratory System for Sleep Monitoring." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8857821.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Roychowdhury, Anish, Junseo Choi, Alum Yi, Feng Xu, and Sunggook Park. "Fabrication of Free-Standing Polymer Membranes via Imprint Lithography and Selective Immobilization of Lipid Vesicles at Micropores in the Membrane." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43813.

Full text
Abstract:
This study presents fabrication of free-standing, perforated membranes in polymer with the pore diameter down to 500 nm via novel imprint lithography and use of the membrane to selectively immobilize lipid vesicles at the micropores in the membrane. For the fabrication, a combination of imprint lithography and a sacrificial layer technique was employed in order to get a clean, fully released, and mechanically stable membrane with perforated pores. Si molds with microscale pillar structures fabricated via photolithography were used to define patterns in SU-8 resist layer which was spin-coated on lift-off resist (LOR) used as a sacrificial layer. This was followed by a UV curing process to achieve enough mechanical strength in the SU-8 layer to be fee-standing. Release of the SU-8 layer from the LOR sacrificial layer by lift-off results in the free-standing, perforated membranes with pore diameter down to sub-micrometer range. Prior to the application of lipid vesicles, the SU-8 membrane surface was treated with poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) which prevents non-specific adsorption of the lipid vesicles on the membrane surface. As a result, lipid vesicles were found to selectively adsorb at the pore sites in the membrane, as observed with an evanescence fluorescence microscope. This result indicates that the perforated polymer membranes with micro- and nanoscale pores have potential as a platform for fundamental study of biological systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Greska, Brenton, Peter DeRoche, and Anjaneyulu Krothapalli. "A Novel Reactant Delivery System for PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65142.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper deals with the use of microjets as a reactant delivery method for a PEM fuel cell. The flow physics of this technique have been adapted such that an even distribution of reactants over the membrane is achieved. A single cell based on this microjet delivery method has been built and tested using the fuel cell test station at SESEC. Polarization curves were obtained for a number of different operating conditions in which the relative humidity and supply pressure of the air supply were varied. Similar operating conditions were used to obtain polarization curves for a similarly sized commercially available fuel cell that utilizes commonly used serpentine flow channels for reactant delivery. Comparison of the polarization curves at similar operating conditions revealed that the microjet-based fuel cell was relatively unaffected by the changes in relative humidity and and positively affected by an increase in supply pressure, which was in stark contrast to what was observed for the commercial fuel cell.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pedersen, Peder, Anders R. Korsgaard, and Morten O. Christensen. "Approach to Meet an Overall Transient Performance Criterion of a PEM Fuel Cell System." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41368.

Full text
Abstract:
Fuel Cells have been intensely researched and developed in the recent decade, where especially the fuel cell MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) and stack have been the main focus. Now the system control components surrounding the fuel cell have been given more attention. This paper gives a novel system approach of setting up the demands for control components such as valve actuators for a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell system in order to meet an overall transient system performance criterion. Overall control considerations are treated, and the major time constants of the sub-systems are analyzed. The result is a method for specifying dynamic performance criteria for the individual control components. By proper selection of the components it can be shown that the electric load buffer may be omitted due to the internal capacitance of the fuel cell. Test results from a 2.5 kW PEM fuel cell test facility show close agreement with simulation results from the novel system approach.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Filho, Faete, Gabriel Glosson, Jason McMorris, Tarek Abdel-Salam, Kurabachew Duba, Thanh Toan Tran, and Salman Husain. "A Novel Zero-Discharge Supercritical Water-Based Wave Energy Desalination System." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78191.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper presents a sustainable and innovative wave-energy-based water desalination system combined with an emerging supercritical water process for a zero-liquid-discharge technology. There is growing demand for producing clean water. Within desalination technologies, reverse osmosis, one of the most popular methods, uses a semipermeable membrane that separates fresh water from pressurized seawater. However, this technology produces brine, which is harmful to the environment. Supercritical water desalination is employed here as a means of using the brine to extract more fresh water and eliminate this environmentally toxic output. Wave energy is integrated with reverse osmosis to provide direct seawater pressurization for the first stage in the process. This wave energy converter converts the motion of waves into pressurized water through a power takeoff unit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gibson, Phillip, and Heidi Schreuder-Gibson. "Production and Characterization of Nanoporous Polymer Membranes Produced by an Electrospraying Process." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1949.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Electrospinning is a process by which high voltages are used to produce an interconnected membrane-like web of small fibers (10 to 500 nanometers in diameter). This novel fiber spinning technique provides the capacity to lace together a variety of types of polymers, fibers, and particles to produce ultrathin layers which are useful for chemical protective clothing. Of particular interest are electrospun membranes composed of elastomeric fibers, which are under development for several protective clothing applications. The various factors influencing electrospun nonwoven fibrous membrane structure and transport properties are discussed. Performance measurements on experimental electrospun fiber mats compared favorably with transport properties of textiles and membranes currently used in protective clothing systems. It was found that electrospun layers presented minimal impedance to moisture vapor diffusion required for evaporative cooling. There may be special considerations in the application of elastomeric membranes for protective clothing. Effects of membrane distortion upon transport behavior of the structure might be significant. Preliminary measurements have found that changes in elastomeric membrane structure under different states of biaxial strain were reflected in measurements of air flow through the membrane. Changes in membrane structure were also evident in environmental scanning electron microscope images of the pore/fiber rearrangement as the membrane was stretched. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations show electrospun fiber mats to be extremely efficient at trapping airborne particles. The high filtration efficiency is a direct result of the submicron-size fibers generated by the electrospinning process. Electrospun nanofiber coatings were applied directly to an open cell polyurethane foam. The air flow resistance and aerosol filtration properties correlated with the electrospun coating add-on weight. Particle penetration through the foam layer, which is normally very high, was eliminated by extremely thin layers of electrospun nanofibers sprayed on to the surface of the foam. Electrospun fiber coatings produce an exceptionally lightweight multifunctional membrane for protective clothing applications which exhibits high breathability, elasticity, and filtration efficiency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bruce, K., R. Richards, D. Bahr, and C. Richards. "Characterization of a Piezoelectric Membrane for MEMS Power." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23803.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Work toward the development of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator is presented. The membrane generator is the central component of a new MEMS power generation system, the P3 micro power system. The P3 micro power system is based on a two-dimensional, modular architecture, in which the individual generic modules or unit cells each have all the functions of an engine integrated. Each unit cell is an external combustion engine, in which thermal power is converted to mechanical power through the use of a novel thermodynamic cycle that approaches the ideal vapor Carnot cycle. Mechanical power is converted into electrical power through the use of a thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator. This paper introduces the concept of the thin-film piezoelectric membrane generator, and describes its design and fabrication. Results of a study to characterize the performance of the piezoelectric membrane generator under expected operating conditions are presented. Current prototypes of the membrane generator are shown to be capable of producing a peak power of 0.1 milliWatts at a voltage of 0.5 Volts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Engineering novel membrane system"

1

Elangovan, S. Novel, Ceramic Membrane System For Hydrogen Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097096.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Maribo, David W. Novel Membrane Separation System for Shipboard Oily Wastewater Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada544878.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein. Pilot Test of Novel Electrochemical Membrane System for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Power Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Dillon, Des, Robert Chu, Haoren Lu, Brice Freeman, William Elliot, and Raymond McKaskle. Initial Engineering Design of a Post-Combustion CO2 Capture (PCC) System for Duke Energy’s East Bend Station Using Membrane-Based Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1686164.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Freeman, Benny D., and Joseph M. DeSimone. Very Low Surface Energy (<11 dyn cm-1) Heterophase Polymeric Materials for Membrane Separations: An Integrated Polymer Chemistry/Engineering Approach and The Influence of Backpulsing on Fouling Properties of Novel Nanofiltration Membranes for Wastewater Remediation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada349382.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nelson, Nathan, and Randy Schekman. Functional Biogenesis of V-ATPase in the Vacuolar System of Plants and Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7574342.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is one of the most fundamental enzymes in nature. It pumps protons into the vacuolar system of eukaryotic cells and provides the energy for numerous transport systems. Through our BARD grant we discovered a novel family of membrane chaperones that modulate the amount of membrane proteins. We also elucidated the mechanism by which assembly factors guide the membrane sector of V-ATPase from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. The major goal of the research was to understand the mechanism of action and biogenesis of V-ATPase in higher plants and fungi. The fundamental question of the extent of acidification in organelles of the vacuolar system was addressed by studying the V-ATPase of lemon fruit, constructing lemon cDNAs libraries and study their expression in mutant yeast cells. The biogenesis of the enzyme and its function in the Golgi apparatus was studied in yeast utilizing a gallery of secretory mutants available in our laboratories. One of the goals of this project is to determine biochemically and genetically how V-ATPase is assembled into the different membranes of a wide variety of organelles and what is the mechanism of its action.The results of this project advanced out knowledge along these lines.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Barkan, Alice, and Zach Adam. The Role of Proteases in Regulating Gene Expression and Assembly Processes in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7695852.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Chloroplasts house many biochemical processes that are essential for plant viability. Foremost, among these is photosynthesis, which requires the protein-rich thylakoid membrane system. The activation of chloroplast genes encoding thylakoid membrane proteins and the targeting and assembly of these proteins together with their nuclear-encoded partners are essential for the elaboration of the thylakoid membrane. Several nuclear-encoded proteins that regulate chloroplast gene expression and that mediate the targeting of proteins to the thylakoid membrane have been identified in recent years, and many more remain to be discovered. The abundance of such proteins is critical and is likely to be determined to a significant extent by their stability, which in turn, is influenced by chloroplast protease activities. The primary goal of this project was to link specific proteases to specific substrates, and in particular, to specific regulatory and assembly proteins. We proposed a two-pronged approach, involving genetic analysis of the consequences of the mutational loss of chloroplast proteases, and biochemical analysis of the degradation pathways of specific proteins that have been shown to control chloroplast gene expression. Our initial bioinformatic analysis of chloroplast proteases allowed us to identify the set of pro teases that is targeted to the chloroplast. We used that information to recover three Arabidopsis mutants with T - DNA insertions in specific chloroplast protease genes. We carried out the first analysis of the stability of a regulator of chloroplast gene expression (CRS2), and found that the protein is much less stable than are typical components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Genetic reagents and analytical methods were developed that have set the stage for a rapid advancement of our understanding of chloroplast proteolysis. The results obtained may be useful for manipulating the expression of transgenes in the chloroplast and for engineering plants whose photosynthetic activity is optimized under harsh environmental conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Mevarech, Moshe, Jeremy Bruenn, and Yigal Koltin. Virus Encoded Toxin of the Corn Smut Ustilago Maydis - Isolation of Receptors and Mapping Functional Domains. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613022.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen of maize. Some strains of U. maydis encode secreted polypeptide toxins capable of killing other susceptible strains of U. maydis. Resistance to the toxins is conferred by recessive nuclear genes. The toxins are encoded by genomic segments of resident double-strande RNA viruses. The best characterized toxin, KP6, is composed of two polypeptides, a and b, which are not covalently linked. It is encoded by P6M2 dsRNA, which has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in a variety of systems. In this study we have shown that the toxin acts on the membranes of sensitive cells and that both polypeptides are required for toxin activity. The toxin has been shown to function by creating new pores in the cell membrane and disrupting ion fluxes. The experiments performed on artificial phospholipid bilayers indicated that KP6 forms large voltage-independent, cation-selective channels. Experiments leading to the resolution of structure-function relationship of the toxin by in vitro analysis have been initiated. During the course of this research the collaboration also yielded X-ray diffracion data of the crystallized a polypeptide. The effect of the toxin on the pathogen has been shown to be receptor-mediated. A potential receptor protein, identified in membrane fractions of sensitive cells, was subjected to tryptic hydrolysis followed by amino-acid analysis. The peptides obtained were used to isolate a cDNA fragment by reverse PCR, which showed 30% sequence homology to the human HLA protein. Analysis of other toxins secreted by U. maydis, KP1 and KP4, have demonstrated that, unlike KP6, they are composed of a single polypeptide. Finally, KP6 has been expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, indicating that accurate processing by Kex2p-like activity occurs in plants as well. Using tobacco as a model system, we determined that active antifungal toxins can be synthesized and targeted to the outside of transgenic plant cells. If this methodology can be applied to other agronomically crop species, then U. maydis toxins may provide a novel means for biological control of pathogenic fungi.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Engineering novel membrane system' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography