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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Engineering knowledge'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Kipling, Kathryn. "Knowledge engineering in bioprocesses." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399002.

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2

Kingston, John. "Multi-perspective modelling for knowledge management and knowledge engineering." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24782.

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The purpose of this thesis is to show how an analytical framework originally intended for information systems architecture can be used to support both knowledge management and knowledge engineering. The framework suggests analysing information or knowledge from six perspectives (Who, What, How, When, Where and Why) at up to six levels of detail (ranging from “scoping” the problem to an implemented solution). The application of this framework to each of CommonKADS’ models is discussed, in the context of several practical applications of the CommonKADS methodology. Strengths and weaknesses in the models that are highlighted by the practical applications are analysed using the framework, with the overall goal of showing where CommonKADS is currently and where it could be usefully extended. The same framework is also applied to knowledge management; it is established that “knowledge management” is in fact a wide collection of different techniques, and the framework appears to be of some use in every case. A specific application of using the framework to resolve common problems in ontology development is presented. The thesis also includes research on mapping knowledge acquisition techniques to CommonKADS’ models (and to the framework); proposing some extensions to CommonKADS’ library of generic inference structures; and it concludes with a suggestion for a “pragmatic” KADS for use on small projects. The aim is to show that this framework both characterises the knowledge required for both knowledge management and knowledge engineering, and to provide a guide to good selection of knowledge management techniques. If the chosen technique should involve knowledge engineering, the wealth of practical advice on CommonKADS in this thesis should also be beneficial.
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3

Diedrich, Andreas. "Engineering knowledge : how engineers and managers practice knowledge management /." Göteborg : BAS publ, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39983743r.

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4

Novi, Daniele. "Knowledge management and Discovery for advanced Enterprise Knowledge Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1466.

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2012 - 2013
The research work addresses mainly issues related to the adoption of models, methodologies and knowledge management tools that implement a pervasive use of the latest technologies in the area of Semantic Web for the improvement of business processes and Enterprise 2.0 applications. The first phase of the research has focused on the study and analysis of the state of the art and the problems of Knowledge Discovery database, paying more attention to the data mining systems. The most innovative approaches which were investigated for the "Enterprise Knowledge Engineering" are listed below. In detail, the problems analyzed are those relating to architectural aspects and the integration of Legacy Systems (or not). The contribution of research that is intended to give, consists in the identification and definition of a uniform and general model, a "Knowledge Enterprise Model", the original model with respect to the canonical approaches of enterprise architecture (for example with respect to the Object Management - OMG - standard). The introduction of the tools and principles of Enterprise 2.0 in the company have been investigated and, simultaneously, Semantic Enterprise based appropriate solutions have been defined to the problem of fragmentation of information and improvement of the process of knowledge discovery and functional knowledge sharing. All studies and analysis are finalized and validated by defining a methodology and related software tools to support, for the improvement of processes related to the life cycles of best practices across the enterprise. Collaborative tools, knowledge modeling, algorithms, knowledge discovery and extraction are applied synergistically to support these processes. [edited by author]
XII n.s.
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5

Urwin, Esmond. "Knowledge supported requirement engineering framework." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408633.

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6

Mahmoud, M. A. "Factory building : Design knowledge engineering." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382426.

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7

Dogan, Huseyin. "Managing knowledge for capability engineering." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14098.

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The enterprises that deliver capability are trying to evolve into through-life businesses by shifting away from the traditional pattern of designing and manufacturing successive generations of products, towards a new paradigm centred on support, sustainability and the incremental enhancements of existing capabilities from technology insertions and changes to process. The provision of seamless through-life customer solutions depends heavily on management of information and knowledge between, and within the different parts of the supply chain enterprise. This research characterised and described Capability Engineering (CE) as applied in the defence enterprise and identified to BAE Systems important considerations for managing knowledge within that context. The terms Capability Engineering and Through Life Capability Management (TLCM), used synonymously in this thesis, denote a complex evolving domain that requires new approaches to better understand the different viewpoints, models and practices. The findings and novelty of this research is demonstrated through the following achievements: • Defined the problem space that Requirements Engineers can use in through-life management projects. • Made a contribution to the development of models for Systems Architects to enable them to incorporate 'soft' systems within their consideration. • Independently developed a TLCM activity model against which BAE Systems validated the BAE Systems TLCM activity model, which is now used by UK Ministry of Defence (MoD). • Developed, and published within INCOSE1, the INCOSE Capability Engineering ontology. • Through the novel analysis of a directly applicable case study, highlighted to Functional Delivery Managers the significance of avoiding the decoupling of information and knowledge in the context of TLCM. • Through experimentation and knowledge gained within this research, identified inadequacies in the TechniCall (rapid access to experts) service which led to the generation of requirements for an improved service which is now being implemented by BAE Systems. The results showed that managing knowledge is distinct when compared to information management. Over-reliance on information management in the absence of tacit knowledge can lead to a loss in the value of the information, which can result in unintended consequences. Capability is realised through a combination of component systems and Capability Engineering is equivalent to a holistic perspective of Systems Engineering. A sector-independent Capability Engineering ontology is developed to enable semantic interoperability between different domains i.e. defence, rail and information technology. This helped to better understand the dependencies of contributing component systems within defence, and supported collaboration across different domains. Although the evaluation of the ontology through expert review has been accomplished; the ontology, KM analysis framework and soft systems transitioning approach developed still need to undergo independent verification and validation. This requires application to other case studies to check and exploit their suitability. This Engineering Doctorate research has been disseminated through a number of peer reviewed publications.
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8

Elsass, Michael J. "Multipurpose Sharable Engineering Knowledge Repository." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu991189934.

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9

Darwish, Ahmed Adel. "Knowledge-based interpretation of satellite images : a knowledge engineering approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289488.

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10

Funkat, Anne-Kathrin. "Prozessbasiertes Knowledge engineering in medizinischen Problemdomänen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974935131.

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11

Makhaba, Thembile. "Knowledge management strategies in engineering organisations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3579.

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Engineering is believed to be one of the oldest professions and it is estimated that engineering existed 10 000 centuries B.C (Before Christ). Engineering plays an important role in making the environment safer, making daily lives more convenient and also contributes to countries’ economic developments. Engineering has advanced in such a way that it is difficult to survive without some kind of engineering these days. The same as engineering, knowledge management also dates back to biblical times just after creation. Knowledge management is not only applied in organisations, but also within communities, societies, and families. Engineering organisations rely the most on past discoveries and product information (knowledge) in order to solve engineering related problems. Due to globalisation of markets and products, shortage of skills and technological advancement, knowledge has become one of the main competitive factors of many organisations. Therefore engineering organisations need to have knowledge management strategies if they are to stay competitive. Different engineering organisations might have similar knowledge management strategies or different knowledge management strategies depending on organisational size, structure and culture and service offered or product offered. Against this background, this study sought to discover what knowledge management strategies are currently implemented in engineering organisations and recommend on strategies that can be implemented and how they can be implemented. The study is based on a review of literature on engineering, engineering organisations, knowledge and knowledge management and a structured questionnaire on knowledge management in engineering organisations. The population for the study was all engineering organisation employees and the engineering organisations in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were sampled for the survey.
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12

May, John Hendy Robert. "Knowledge-based systems in engineering safety." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327937.

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13

Raghavan, Amrith 1976. "Re-engineering knowledge networks for development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17661.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis examines the evolution of Internet based knowledge networks (e-knowledge networks) in the domain of sustainable development. The objective of this thesis is to use an engineering systems approach to understand knowledge networks, identify the barriers to their sustainability and recommend strategies for re-engineering them. e-Knowledge Networks refer to the set of Internet based tools and platforms that support communication, collaboration and group decision-making processes amongst groups of individuals. e-knowledge networks are particularly important in the context of international development initiatives that recognize that knowledge is the key to technological change and sustainable economic development. This thesis is intended to aid knowledge network managers and researchers in their efforts towards making their knowledge networks sustainable. The thesis addresses in depth the most important barrier towards a knowledge network's sustainability- the problem of collective action among the participants of a knowledge network. It takes the view that knowledge is a public good, and a knowledge network would face the problem of under provision of this public good due the problem of free-riding and lack of mechanisms to mobilize collective action. This thesis provides guidelines and recommendations for the restructuring of incentives and organizational policies and the re-engineering of the technology to overcome this barrier. The thesis first outlines a framework and taxonomy for describing different knowledge network configurations and maps out the state of existence of important knowledge networks existing in the sustainable development domain within this framework. It then provides individual and comparative
(cont.) studies of two important knowledge networks related to sustainable development- the MIT developed Global System for Sustainable Development (GSSD) and the Development Gateway's Knowledge Network. The engineering systems approach used in this thesis enables the study of each of the sub-systems that make up a knowledge network- the human subsystem, the technological subsystem and the institutional subsystem. This is done with the view towards providing insights into the structure of the network and the network of relationships that develop within a Knowledge Network, determining the motivations that drives the creators and the participants and the incentives that have been engineered into the technological and organizational policies to meet these motivations and assessing the quality, quantity and the evolution of knowledge and the throughput of participants in the network. A detailed description of each of the subsystems is provided and the interrelationships amongst them are analyzed and the result is synthesized to develop an integrated framework for the assessment of knowledge networks.
by Amrith Raghavan.
S.M.
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14

Japikse, Russell David. "Structuring and retrieving engineering design knowledge." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614708.

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15

Bader, J. L. "Knowledge-based systems and Software Engineering." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15143/.

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The work described was carried out as part of a collaborative Alvey software engineering project (project number SE057). The project collaborators were the Inter-Disciplinary Higher Degrees Scheme of the University of Aston in Birmingham, BIS Applied Systems Ltd. (BIS) and the British Steel Corporation. The aim of the project was to investigate the potential application of knowledge-based systems (KBSs) to the design of commercial data processing (DP) systems. The work was primarily concerned with BIS's Structured Systems Design (SSD) methodology for DP systems development and how users of this methodology could be supported using KBS tools. The problems encountered by users of SSD are discussed and potential forms of computer-based support for inexpert designers are identified. The architecture for a support environment for SSD is proposed based on the integration of KBS and non-KBS tools for individual design tasks within SSD - The Intellipse system. The Intellipse system has two modes of operation - Advisor and Designer. The design, implementation and user-evaluation of Advisor are discussed. The results of a Designer feasibility study, the aim of which was to analyse major design tasks in SSD to assess their suitability for KBS support, are reported. The potential role of KBS tools in the domain of database design is discussed. The project involved extensive knowledge engineering sessions with expert DP systems designers. Some practical lessons in relation to KBS development are derived from this experience. The nature of the expertise possessed by expert designers is discussed. The need for operational KBSs to be built to the same standards as other commercial and industrial software is identified. A comparison between current KBS and conventional DP systems development is made. On the basis of this analysis, a structured development method for KBSs in proposed - the POLITE model. Some initial results of applying this method to KBS development are discussed. Several areas for further research and development are identified.
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16

Shah, Mohammad Munshi Shahin. "Knowledge engineering techniques for automated planning." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2014. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/23481/.

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Formulating knowledge for use in AI Planning engines is currently something of an ad-hoc process, where the skills of knowledge engineers and the tools they use may significantly influence the quality of the resulting planning application. There is little in the way of guidelines or standard procedures, however, for knowledge engineers to use when formulating knowledge into planning domain languages such as PDDL. Also, there is little published research to inform engineers on which method and tools to use in order to effectively engineer a new planning domain model. This is of growing importance, as domain independent planning engines are now being used in a wide range of applications, with the consequence that operational problem encodings and domain models have to be developed in a standard language. In particular, at the difficult stage of domain knowledge formulation, changing a statement of the requirements into something formal - a PDDL domain model - is still somewhat of an ad hoc process, usually conducted by a team of AI experts using text editors. On the other hand, the use of tools such as itSIMPLE or GIPO, with which experts generate a high level diagrammatic description and automatically generate the domain model, have not yet been proven to be more effective than hand coding. The major contribution of this thesis is the evaluation of knowledge engineering tools and techniques involved in the formulation of knowledge. To support this, we introduce and encode a new planning domain called Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), and discuss a set of requirements that we have derived, in consultation with stakeholders and analysis of accident management manuals, for the planning part of the management task. We then use and evaluate three separate strategies for knowledge formulation, encoding domain models from a textual, structural description of requirements using (i) the traditional method of a PDDL expert and text editor (ii) a leading planning GUI with built in UML modelling tools (iii) an object-based notation inspired by formal methods. We evaluate these three approaches using process and product metrics. The results give insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches, highlight lessons learned regarding knowledge encoding, and point to important lines of research for knowledge engineering for planning. In addition, we discuss a range of state-of-the-art modelling tools to find the types of features that the knowledge engineering tools possess. These features have also been used for evaluating the methods used. We benchmark our evaluation approach by comparing it with the method used in the previous International Competition for Knowledge Engineering for Planning & Scheduling (ICKEPS). We conclude by providing a set of guidelines for building future knowledge engineering tools.
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17

Nergård, Henrik. "Knowledge engineering models as experience carriers /." Luleå : Division of Functional Product Development, Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/2806011.

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18

Asprino, Luigi <1988&gt. "Engineering Background Knowledge for Social Robots." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9020/1/asprino_luigi_tesi.pdf.

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Social robots are embodied agents that continuously perform knowledge-intensive tasks involving several kinds of information coming from different heterogeneous sources. Providing a framework for engineering robots' knowledge raises several problems like identifying sources of information and modeling solutions suitable for robots' activities, integrating knowledge coming from different sources, evolving this knowledge with information learned during robots' activities, grounding perceptions on robots' knowledge, assessing robots' knowledge with respect humans' one and so on. In this thesis we investigated feasibility and benefits of engineering background knowledge of Social Robots with a framework based on Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data. This research has been supported and guided by a case study that provided a proof of concept through a prototype tested in a real socially assistive context.
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19

Quintana-Amate, Santiago. "A new knowledge sourcing framework to support knowledge-based engineering development." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10279.

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New trends in Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) highlight the need for decoupling the automation aspect from the knowledge management side of KBE. In this direction, some authors argue that KBE is capable of effectively capturing, retaining and reusing engineering knowledge. However, there are some limitations associated with some aspects of KBE that present a barrier to deliver the knowledge sourcing process requested by the industry. To overcome some of these limitations this research proposes a new methodology for efficient knowledge capture and effective management of the complete knowledge life cycle. Current knowledge capture procedures represent one of the main constraints limiting the wide use of KBE in the industry. This is due to the extraction of knowledge from experts in high cost knowledge capture sessions. To reduce the amount of time required from experts to extract relevant knowledge, this research uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques capable of generating new knowledge from company assets. Moreover the research reported here proposes the integration of AI methods and experts increasing as a result the accuracy of the predictions and the reliability of using advanced reasoning tools. The proposed knowledge sourcing framework integrates two features: (i) use of advanced data mining tools and expert knowledge to create new knowledge from raw data, (ii) adoption of a well-established and reliable methodology to systematically capture, transfer and reuse engineering knowledge. The methodology proposed in this research is validated through the development and implementation of two case studies aiming at the optimisation of wing design concepts. The results obtained in both use cases proved the extended KBE capability for fast and effective knowledge sourcing. This evidence was provided by the experts working in the development of each of the case studies through the implementation of structured quantitative and qualitative analyses.
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20

吳蓬輝 and Fung Fai Ng. "A knowledge analysis model for knowledge engineering in the construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232358.

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21

Ng, Fung Fai. "A knowledge analysis model for knowledge engineering in the construction industry /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12980286.

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22

Otine, Charles. "HIV Patient Monitoring Framework Through Knowledge Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola [bth.se], School of Planning and Media Design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00540.

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Uganda has registered more than a million deaths since the HIV virus was first offi¬cially reported in the country over 3 decades ago. The governments in partnership with different groups have implemented different programmes to address the epidemic. The support from different donors and reduction in prices of treatment resulted in the focus on antiretroviral therapy access to those affected. Presently only a quarter of the approximately 1 million infected by HIV in Uganda are undergoing antiretroviral therapy. The number of patients pause a challenge in monitoring of therapy given the overall resource needs for health care in the country. Furthermore the numbers on antiretroviral therapy are set to increase in addition to the stringent requirements in tracking and monitoring of each individual patient during therapy. This research aimed at developing a framework for adopting knowledge engineering in information systems for monitoring HIV/AIDS patients. An open source approach was adopted due to the resource constrained context of the study to ensure a cost effec¬tive and sustainable solution. The research was motivated by the inconclusive literature on open source dimensional models for data warehouses and data mining for monitor¬ing antiretroviral therapy. The first phase of the research involved a situational analysis of HIV in health care and different health care information systems in the country. An analysis of the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities of the health care system to adopt knowledge bases was done. It proposed a dimensional model for implementing a data warehouse focused on monitoring HIV patients. The second phase involved the development of a knowledge base inform of an open source data warehouse, its simulation and testing. The study involved interdisciplinary collaboration between different stakeholders in the research domain and adopted a participatory action research methodology. This involved identification of the most appropriate technologies to foster this collabora¬tion. Analysis was done of how stakeholders can take ownership of basic HIV health information system architecture as their expertise grow in managing the systems and make changes to reflect even better results out of system functionality. Data mining simulations was done on the data warehouse out of which two machine learning algorithms (regression and classification) were developed and tested using data from the data warehouse. The algorithms were used to predict patient viral load from CD4 count test figures and to classify cases of treatment failure with 83% accu¬racy. The research additionally presents an open source dimensional model for moni¬toring antiretroviral therapy and the status of information systems in health care. An architecture showing the integration of different knowledge engineering components in the study including the data warehouse, the data mining platform and user interac-tion is presented.
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23

Chao, K. M. "Knowledge sharing and reuse for engineering design." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361204.

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24

Crow, Louise Rebecca. "Software agents for Internet-based knowledge engineering." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325716.

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25

Davey-Wilson, Ian Edward George. "A knowledge-based system in geotechnical engineering." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277162.

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26

Rush, C. "Formalisation and reuse of cost engineering knowledge." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10511.

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This thesis is concerned with understanding the role and utilisation of cost engineering knowledge for generating cost estimates with respect to long life cycle, complex hardware products. lt examines whether there is a formal structure to the reasoning process of experts as they use judgement and whether this process can be represented within a model. The aim is to develop a framework that formalises cost engineering knowledge to facilitate its reuse. A literature review examines the role of expert knowledge and judgement for generating cost estimates. The review identifies that there are mixed views on how knowledge is used and managed. Using an industrial case study approach, the author identifies the cost estimation practices for a new military air system. The study establishes that it is essential to capture assumptions and associated rationale to facilitate knowledge reuse. Experts use an analogy based reasoning process to make judgments and assumptions. The reasoning process became the focus of detailed studies using experts from across industry, resulting in a generic model. The model, known as an inference structure, was implemented within a software tool. This provided a formalised framework to represent, capture, and reuse assumptions and associated rationale. The thesis concludes that assumptions and rationale need to be captured during the development of cost estimates to facilitate knowledge reuse. There is a formal, generic reasoning process that experts use when applying their judgement. The results provide industry with a structured, consistent approach to the formalisation and reuse of cost engineering knowledge. By adopting this approach, companies can develop consistent estimates that will in turn improve decision-making across industry.
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27

Teo, Hon Jie. "Knowledge Creation Analytics for Online Engineering Learning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64465.

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The ubiquitous use of computers and greater accessibility of the Internet have triggered widespread use of educational innovations such as online discussion forums, Wikis, Open Educational Resources, MOOCs, to name a few. These advances have led to the creation of a wide range of instructional videos, written documents and discussion archives by engineering learners seeking to expand their learning and advance their knowledge beyond the engineering classroom. However, it remains a challenging task to assess the quality of knowledge advancement on these learning platforms particularly due to the informal nature of engagement as a whole and the massive amount of learner-generated data. This research addresses this broad challenge through a research approach based on the examination of the state of knowledge advancement, analysis of relationships between variables indicative of knowledge creation and participation in knowledge creation, and identification of groups of learners. The study site is an online engineering community, All About Circuits, that serves 31,219 electrical and electronics engineering learners who contributed 503,908 messages in 65,209 topics. The knowledge creation metaphor provides the guiding theoretical framework for this research. This metaphor is based on a set of related theories that conceptualizes learning as a collaborative process of developing shared knowledge artifacts for the collective benefit of a community of learners. In a knowledge-creating community, the quality of learning and participation can be evaluated by examining the degree of collaboration and the advancement of knowledge artifacts over an extended period of time. Software routines were written in Python programming language to collect and process more than half a million messages, and to extract user-produced data from 87,263 web pages to examine the use of engineering terms, social networks and engineering artifacts. Descriptive analysis found that state of knowledge advancement varies across discussion topics and the level of engagement in knowledge creating activities varies across individuals. Non-parametric correlation analysis uncovered strong associations between topic length and knowledge creating activities, and between the total interactions experienced by individuals and individual engagement in knowledge creating activities. On the other hand, the variable of individual total membership period has week associations with individual engagement in knowledge creating activities. K-means clustering analysis identified the presence of eight clusters of individuals with varying lengths of participation and membership, and Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed that significant differences between the clusters. Based on a comparative analysis of Kruskal-Wallis Score Means and the examination of descriptive statistics for each cluster, three groups of learners were identified: Disengaged (88% of all individuals), Transient (10%) and Engaged (2%). A comparison of Spearman Correlations between pairs of variables suggests that variable of individual active membership period exhibits stronger association with knowledge creation activities for the group of Disengaged, whereas the variable of individual total interactions exhibits stronger association with knowledge creation activities for the group of Engaged. Limitations of the study are discussed and recommendations for future work are made.
Ph. D.
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28

Rush, Christopher. "Formalisation and reuse of cost engineering knowledge." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10511.

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This thesis is concerned with understanding the role and utilisation of cost engineering knowledge for generating cost estimates with respect to long life cycle, complex hardware products. lt examines whether there is a formal structure to the reasoning process of experts as they use judgement and whether this process can be represented within a model. The aim is to develop a framework that formalises cost engineering knowledge to facilitate its reuse. A literature review examines the role of expert knowledge and judgement for generating cost estimates. The review identifies that there are mixed views on how knowledge is used and managed. Using an industrial case study approach, the author identifies the cost estimation practices for a new military air system. The study establishes that it is essential to capture assumptions and associated rationale to facilitate knowledge reuse. Experts use an analogy based reasoning process to make judgments and assumptions. The reasoning process became the focus of detailed studies using experts from across industry, resulting in a generic model. The model, known as an inference structure, was implemented within a software tool. This provided a formalised framework to represent, capture, and reuse assumptions and associated rationale. The thesis concludes that assumptions and rationale need to be captured during the development of cost estimates to facilitate knowledge reuse. There is a formal, generic reasoning process that experts use when applying their judgement. The results provide industry with a structured, consistent approach to the formalisation and reuse of cost engineering knowledge. By adopting this approach, companies can develop consistent estimates that will in turn improve decision-making across industry.
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29

Leith, P. "Legal knowledge engineering : computing, logic and law." Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56914/.

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The general problem approached in this thesis is that of building computer based legal advisory programs (otherwise known as expert systems or Intelligent Knowledge Based Systems). Such computer systems should be able to provide an individual with advice about either the general legal area being investigated, or advice about how the individual should proceed in a given case. In part the thesis describes a program (the ELl program) which attempts to confront some of the problems inherent in the building of these systems. The ELl system is seen as an experimental program (currently handling welfare rights legislation) and development vehicle. It is not presented as a final commercially implementable program. We present a detailed criticism of the type of legal knowledge contained within the system. The second, though in part intertwined, major subject of the thesis describes the jurisprudential aspects of the attempt to model the law by logic, a conjunction which is seen to be at the heart of the computer/law problem. We suggest that the conjunction offers very little to those who are interested in the real application of the real law, and that this is most forcefully seen when a working computer system models that conjunction. Our conclusion is that neither logic nor rule-based methods are sufficient for handling legal knowledge. The novelty and import of this thesis is not simply that it presents a negative conclusion; rather that it offers a sound theoretical and pragmatic framework for understanding why these methods are insufficient - the limits to the field are, in fact, defined.
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30

Bermell-Garcia, Pablo. "A metamodel to annotate knowledge based engineering codes as enterprise knowledge resources." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3169.

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The encoding of Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) software applications is becoming a prominent tool for the automation of knowledge intensive tasks carried out using Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology. However, limitations exist on the ability to manage the engineering knowledge models embedded in these executable KBE applications. This research proposes a metamodel to annotate encoded KBE applications. Resulting from the annotation, XKMs become explicit knowledge resources whose content can be better accessed and managed. The attachment of metadata to data sets in enterprise repositories is a necessary step to identify and index them so they can be queried, browsed and changed. The sophistication of metadata models for these data “items” ranges from the simple indexing using numbers to more sophisticated representations describing their context information (i.e. author, creation date, etc.), their internal structure and their content. Current engineering data repositories like Product Data Management and Product Lifecycle Management systems offer predefined metamodels to annotate a range of engineering data items including CAD files or special types of documents. At the moment, there is no metadata model specifically designed to annotate KBE codes. In this situation, an undifferentiated metadata model needs to be used for XKMs. However, in this case the only information retained by the system about them would be context metadata. Once an instance of the metadata is attached to an XKM, it can be used as its identifier within an enterprise data repository. The proposed metamodel contains abstract entities to annotate XKMs. The resulting descriptive model for an XKM pays attention to its internal structure and its operation at different levels of granularity. The particular design of the proposed metamodel positions it at a level of abstraction between non executable domain knowledge models and executable KBE applications. This design choice is made to support the use of the metadata not only as an informative model but also as an executable one. The achievement of this target is becoming possible through the emergence of semantic modelling standards that allow the description of data models independently from the language of implementation. Using this approach, the generation of code and metadata is made automatically using mapping rules resulting from the semantic agreement between models and specific syntax rules. The immediate application of the developed metamodel is to annotate XKMs within PLM systems. The approach shall contribute not only to systematically store instances of XKMs but also to manage the lifecycle of the engineering knowledge encoded within them. The proposed representation provides a more comprehensive approach for non KBE language experts to understand the code. On this basis, the change on the metamodels can be automatically traced back to the code and vice-versa. During the research, evidence has been gathered from the community of KBE technology users and vendors on the need to support this research effort. In the long term, the research contributes to the use of PLM systems as a platform for engineering knowledge management.
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Shelby, Kenneth R. Jr. "Systems Engineering Knowledge Asset (SEKA) Management for Higher Performing Engineering Teams| People, Process and Technology toward Effective Knowledge-Workers." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3611730.

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Systems engineering teams' value-creation for enterprises is slower than possible due to inefficiencies in communication, learning, common knowledge collaboration and leadership conduct. This dissertation outlines the surrounding people, process and technology dimensions for higher performing engineering teams. It describes a true experiment investigation of opportunities to improve communication, learning and common knowledge collaboration.

The art and practice of Systems Engineering contributes business value by orchestrating large numbers of knowledge-workers as engineering teams in the achievement of complex goals. During the creation of new systems, engineering team performance modulates business efficiencies to realize those complex goals. Higher performing engineering teams share a vision providing purpose, rely on personal knowledge convolved with collaborators knowledge to unleash potential, leverage common knowledge in their team mental models, and execute synergistically. Why do non-high performing teams exist? Culture change is hard. Humans prefer the familiar. Without Leadership and systematic enablement, teams usually do not naturally find the high performing team traits.

This research investigates a unique Information Technology based Systems Engineering Knowledge Asset (SEKA) management mechanism. The selected mechanism integrates multiple techniques for improved collaboration efficacy. The research methodology was a modified true experiment with dual-posttest only, using an A and B group for comparative controls. Research findings reflect, with 99% confidence, that SEKA represented in 3-way Multiple Informational Representations Required of Referent (MIRRoR) knowledge constructs improves systems engineering teams' consumption of a common knowledge base.

Engineering teams can consume a set of information, which generates knowledge common with their collaborators, in a shorter period. More knowledge that is common facilitates increased ability to collaborate. Increased collaboration accelerates team learning, leading to shorter systems delivery schedules, lower cost to produce and earlier actionable intelligence. Shorter delivery times increase customer satisfaction; lower costs improve profit margin potential, and earlier actionable intelligence supports "left of boom" intervention.

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Davoodi, M. "Knowledge based system development as an engineering process." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5249.

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Knowledge Based System (KBS) development is a difficult and challenging task, in particular in knowledge intensive domains. The traditional view of knowledge engineering is one of mining experts' knowledge and somehow transforming it into a machine usable form. This process, in general, suffers from insufficient or misconstrued representation of experts' problem solving behaviour. It is also unstructured and unduly biased at an early stage by design and implementation issues - normally in the form of incremental prototyping. We believe that both knowledge acquisition and KBS development for real life applications will require a 'structured' approach. This approach should harness a KBS developer's ability in extracting knowledge and developing systems. The structure should also be sufficiently flexible to allow the knowledge engineer to use his sense of creativity in developing a KBS. This thesis puts forward such a structured approach, in which KBS development is carried out in an engineering fashion. A process in which the worker is provided with an environment for developing knowledge based systems as an engineering process, as opposed to that of an artform or crafting. The main emphasis of this work is that part of the process which deals with the analysis and design phases in developing KBS. The analysis is performed at an 'epistemological' level, not coloured by design or implementation issues. The output of this phase captures both an expert's problem solving capability, and the business constraints placed upon the intended system. This is then used by the design process in order to create an optimal, workable, and elegant design architecture for the ultimate system.
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Palthepu, Srinivas. "Scalable program recognition for knowledge-based reverse engineering." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/NQ37907.pdf.

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Caldwell, N. H. M. "Knowledge-based engineering for the scanning electron microscope." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597224.

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The dissertation is an account of the author's research into the analysis, design, and implementations of knowledge-based (expert) systems for applications in the field of scanning electron microscopy. The specific tasks of interest have been fault diagnosis and instrument control. This research represents the first utilisation of knowledge-based techniques within electron microscopy. The dissertation begins by providing background material on the scanning electron microscope and surveying the expert systems literature with regard to critical areas of system design. The target applications and the associated research objectives are next summarised. A set of novel algorithms for improving the microscope by enhanced automatic control of fundamental instrument parameters, namely tungsten filament saturation and alignment, are presented, and the area of automatic focus algorithms is reinvestigated. Research into the design and implementation of an expert system for microscope fault diagnosis, including mechanisms for interfacing the expert system to the Internet, is discussed. This is followed by a detailed presentation of the development of a knowledge-based approach to instrument control. The next segment of this dissertation concentrates upon theoretical issues arising from the preceding work. A proposal is made to classify network-aware expert systems, and the impact of the Internet and the World Wide Web upon such systems is discussed within this context. An analysis of the work is performed to indicate how the practical portions of the research may be generalised to other tasks within scanning electron microscopy and outwith to other scientific instruments.
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Alsulmi, Saleh Nasir. "Knowledge-activity-based requirements engineering processes improvement framework." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551647.

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Improving the quality of Requirement Engineering Processes (REPs) needs more than just a technical perspective. It needs People, System, Resources as well as their operational Environment perspectives. A People (social) approach is needed in order to understand more about the intended stakeholders of the target process and their improvement requirements. A System (engineering) approach is needed to understand more about the best way of doing the right actions within the scope of current conditions. A Resources (technical) approach is needed to understand more about managing, planning, controlling the input, the intended output, the tools or one oftheir associated objects. A socio-technical environment (combined) approach is needed to understand these perspectives and maintain business vi- . sions regarding their needs and support of the long-term investment of both the customers and developers - they are subsets of the target stakeholders society. With these comprehensive improvement perspectives, a new approach to im- prove the software REP is proposed based on the activity theory framework. Our proposed improvement framework is based on re-using previous knowledge related to one single unit activity in order to address one single actual RE position (ARE- P) aiming at one single improvement perspective at a time. The final outcome is a Knowledge-Activity-Based REP Improvement Framework (KBA-REF) that would incrementally address all perspectives of improvement through 10P+QF factors schemes that would associate an individual stakeholder's competency and actions with an overall organisational learning capability and unitised activities.
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Strickrodt, M. "An integrated knowledge engineering approach to process modelling." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265743.

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Gavin, Helen Fiona. "Selection interviewing : a study in applied knowledge engineering." Thesis, Teesside University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358791.

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Goh, Yee Mey. "The incorporation of uncertainty into engineering knowledge management." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413623.

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Seshasai, Satwiksai 1980. "A knowledge based approach to facilitate engineering design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87838.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, June 2002.
"May 10, 2002."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90).
by Satwiksai Seshasai.
M.Eng.
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40

Struthers, Alistair. "A knowledge based approach to process engineering design." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13036.

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This thesis provides an extensive overview of the issues involved in adopting a knowledge based approach to the development of an integrated process design environment. The majority of the work described requires a good understanding of topics from several research areas outwith mainstream process engineering. The topics covered include logic, graph theory, knowledge representation, and theories of comprehension in cognitive science. Introductory reviews of these subjects are provided in order to make the thesis understandable to an engineering audience. The thesis consists of four main sections. The first section consists of a critical review of previous attempts to develop integrated design systems using database technology. The section highlights the problem of the use of such systems in terms of data and knowledge integrity. A novel AIP (Appropriate and Incremental Parallelism) systems engineering framework is proposed along with a long term research framework to investigate the use of knowledge representation techniques to implement this design methodology. The second section provides a review of the basic aspects of graph theory, logic and production systems that are essential to understanding the rest of the work. The third section describes the development and use of rule based techniques, blackboard systems, and object oriented/frame based systems. A novel representation system, (Combined Logic and Procedures - CLAP), is described that is specifically designed to represent the various types of information needed in a process design environment. Drawing on these developments, the fourth section provides an extensive review of the many problems associated with the use of production and frame based systems. This is followed by a review of more advanced ideas on theories of comprehension in cognitive science. In particular the study of conceptual categorisation and mental models is discussed in some detail. The preliminary development of a system, Designer's Assistant, is then described that attempts to embody these ideas in a working system. The main conclusion of the work is that current knowledge representation techniques are far from adequate in terms of being able to provide the tools needed to develop an intelligent design environment. The work described in the latter half of the thesis indicates that considerable research remains to be done.
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Badakhova, Arina, and Reinis Virza. "Knowledge sharing between different generations in engineering field." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34381.

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Purpose: The purpose of particular study is to explore individuals’ perceptions of knowledge sharing and its obstacles in a multigenerational engineering company. This study focuses on two groups of individuals: employees and managers. The perception of knowledge sharing and how differently generations perceive it is covered in this study. The obstacles which could occur during knowledge sharing between different generations in the engineering field are explored. The role of management in knowledge sharing processes is also covered. Methodology: To explore individuals’ perceptions of knowledge sharing and its obstacles in a multigenerational engineering company. A qualitative research approach was applied, using single company case study strategy. The case company is one of the leading construction engineering companies in Latvia. The primary data was gathered by conducting 12 semi-structured interviews, 3 interviews per every generation (Millennial, Generation X and Baby boomer) and 3 interviews with managers. The secondary data was obtained from the company, which included internal documents covering the general information about the company, guidelines and policies. By the usage of primary and secondary data triangulation of the study was reached. Findings: The thesis provides analysis of knowledge sharing and its obstacles within the multigenerational workforce of a construction engineering company. The perceptions of three generational cohorts such as Baby Boomers, Generation X and Millennials are presented. The conceptual framework for the study was built on the basis of three dimensions such as organizational. individual and technological obstacles. Based on the conceptual framework, authors brought up several propositions which supported the analysis process. The analysis showed that there are differences in perception of knowledge sharing and obstacles connected with it between engineers of different generations. Originality: There has not been any research about knowledge sharing between different generations in Latvia nor in Northern Europe, in general. The engineering field is a knowledge intensive sector, therefore knowledge sharing is crucial. Labor force still contains three different generations, thus it is important to explore whether engineering companies in Latvia have faced knowledge sharing obstacles, as it is a rapidly developing sector in this particular country.
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42

Mohanna, Mahmoud. "Using knowledge engineering for Modeling Mobile Learning Systems." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25533.

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En éducation, on constate un besoin de mettre à profit l’évolution continue des technologies de l'information et des communications pour développer de nouvelles applications. Ainsi, un nouveau type d'apprentissage à distance a été créé. Il s'agit de l'apprentissage mobile qui peut fournir aux apprenants l'autonomie d'apprentissage maximale. De plus, il offre aux autres acteurs du processus d'apprentissage, comme les enseignants et les gestionnaires, des méthodes plus souples d'enseignement et de gestion. Malgré sa croissance rapide, il existe de nombreux problèmes qui doivent être résolus afin que cette forme d'apprentissage puisse prendre sa place dans les systèmes de formation utilisant la technologie. L'inconvénient majeur de l'apprentissage mobile est l'absence de standard ainsi que le manque de prise de conscience sur la façon dont il peut être bien intégré dans le processus d'apprentissage. Le défi le plus critique est la formulation d'un standard qui décrit le développement d'un système efficace d'apprentissage mobile et la définition précise de ses acteurs et de ses composants. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de formaliser un modèle global et générique pour l'apprentissage mobile afin de bien comprendre ses divers composants et aussi pour guider les chercheurs ultérieurs dans le domaine de l'apprentissage mobile. La méthodologie d'ingénierie des connaissances, CommonKADS, a été employée pour aider à réaliser les objectifs de recherche. La modélisation proposée consiste en trois étapes consécutives, contexte, concept et artefact, et est illustrée par une expérience réelle d'apprentissage mobile au niveau universitaire. Les résultats montrent comment appliquer les modèles proposés pour concevoir une application d’apprentissage mobile et permettent de vérifier la possibilité d’intégrer une telle application dans un processus d’apprentissage formel. Cette thèse fait le lien entre la description théorique d’applications d’apprentissage mobile et leur mise en œuvre. Chaque modèle proposé peut être considéré en soi comme un exemple. Leurs descriptions génériques peuvent servir de point de départ pour de plus amples recherches, pouvant facilement s’adapter aux futures évolutions des appareils mobiles.
In education, the need to get the maximum benefit from recent development of computer and telecommunications technologies arises. A new kind of distance education mode i.e. mobile learning has been emerged. Mobile learning can provide learners with the maximum learning autonomy. It can also provide the other players in the learning process such as instructors and learning administrators with more flexible teaching and managing methods. Despite of the fact that m-learning is a fast growing technology, it faces many problems which have to be solved in order to allow it taking its rightful place in the field of technology-based learning. The main m-learning drawback is the absence of standard in addition to the lack of awareness about how it can be well integrated in the learning process. The most critical challenge facing us is the formulation of a standard describing how to develop an efficient m-learning system and how to define its actors and components precisely. The principal objective of this dissertation is to formalize a generic comprehensive model for m-learning in order to understand the m-learning different components and also to guide subsequent researchers in the m-learning domain. CommonKADS knowledge engineering methodology is employed in order to help in realizing the research objectives. The proposed modeling process goes through three consecutive stages; context, concept, and artifact modeling. Afterwards, it is illustrated by a real m-learning experience at higher education level. Results show how to apply the proposed models in order to design an entire mobile learning system and to verify the possibility to integrate that system in a formal learning process. This dissertation constructs the link between the theoretic description of mobile learning and its implementation. Each model can be considered as a standalone reference. Furthermore, the generic description of the proposed models represent a good starting point for further research, and can also be adapted with future evolutions in mobile and telecommunication technologies.
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43

Jones, Sara. "Three-dimensional interactive connection diagrams for knowledge engineering." Thesis, City, University of London, 1993. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20156/.

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This thesis describes research into human factors aspects of the use of 3-dimensional node and link diagrams, called Interactive Connection Diagrams (leDs), in the human-computer interface of tools for knowledge engineering. This research was carried out in two main stages: the first concentrated on perceptual aspects of 3-d ICDs, and the second on more general aspects of their use in realistic situations. A final section looked briefly at the possibility of formally specifying 3-d ICD representations. The main aim of the first stage was to investigate whether users were able to make effective judgements about the relative depths of components in 3-d ICDs. Controlled experiments were carried out to determine the extent to which such judgements were supported by the use of a particular approach to creating the illusion of depth. The results of these experiments showed that users were able to make reasonably effective judgements about the relative depths of components in 3-d ICDs. 3-d ICDs produced using the approach of interest were therefore argued to be suitable for use in the second stage of the study. In the second stage, case studies were used to investigate the utility in more realistic knowledge engineering situations of tools supporting 3-d ICDs, and the usability of depth-related features of a prototype tool which permits 3-d leDs to be viewed and edited. On the basis of the findings of these studies it is claimed that tools supporting 3-d ICDs will, in some situations, be more useful than those which employ only more conventional 2-d versions. It was found that depth-related features of the prototype tool were usable but should be improved upon in future implementations. The third and final section of work involved a preliminary investigation into the formal specification of the 3-d ICD representations of the kind used in the second set of studies. A scheme for specifying the range of 3-d leO languages currently supported by the prototype tool was developed, and each of the particular 3-d ICD languages used in the case studies were specified. Implications of the results of this work are discussed and a number of suggestions regarding directions for future work are made. The overall conclusion is that 3-d ICDs have considerable potential as a medium in which to represent knowledge structures for use in knowledge engineering.
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Mac, Garrigle Ellen F. "A validation of the enterprise management engineering approach to knowledge management systems engineering." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614805.

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Knowledge management is one of the current "buzzwords" gaining popularity on an almost-daily basis within the business world. Much attention has been paid to the theory and justification of knowledge management (KM) as an effective business and organizational practice. However, much less attention has been paid to the more specific issues of effective implementation of knowledge management, or to the potential financial benefit or payoff that could potentially result from an effective system implementation. As the concept of KM becomes more generally accepted, knowledge management systems (KMS) are becoming more prevalent. A KMS is often considered simply another information system to be designed, built, and supported by the IT department. In actual implementation, many KM system development efforts are not successful. There is frequently a perception that strict adherence to development processes produces an excessive time lag, rigor, and formality which will "disrupt" the desired free flow of knowledge. Professor Michael Stankosky of GWU has posited a more flexible variation of the usual systems engineering (SE) approach, tailored specifically to the KM domain and known as Enterprise Management Engineering© (EME). This approach takes the four major pillars of KM as identified by GWU research in this area—Leadership, Organization, Technology, and Learning—and adapts eighteen key SE steps to accommodate the more flexible and imprecise nature of "knowledge".

Anecdotal study of successful KMS developments has shown that many of the more formal processes imposed by systems engineering (such as defining strategic objectives before beginning system development) serve a useful purpose. Consequently, an integrated systems engineering process tailored specifically to the KM domain should lead to more successful implementations of KM systems. If this is so, organizations that have followed some or all of the steps in this process will have designed and deployed more "successful" KMS than those organizations that have not done so. To support and refine this approach, a survey was developed to determine the usage of the 18 steps identified in EME. These results were then analyzed against a objective financial measurement of organizational KM to determine whether a correlation exists. This study is intended to test the validity of the efficacy of the EME approach to KM implementation.

For the financial measurement data, the subject list of organizations for this study used a measure of intangible valuation developed by Professor Baruch Lev of NYU called Knowledge Capital Earnings © (KCE). This is the amount of earnings that a company with good "knowledge" has left over once its earnings based on tangible financial and physical assets have been subtracted from overall earnings. KCE can then be used to determine the Knowledge Capital (KC) of an organization. This in turn provides two quantitative measures (one relative, one absolute) that can be used to define a successful knowledge company.

For this study, Lev's research from 2001 was updated, using more recent financial data. Several of these organizations completed a survey instrument based upon the 18 points of the EME approach. The results for the 18 steps were compared against each other and against each organization's KC scores. The results show that there is a significant correlation between EME and the relative KC measurement, and select EME steps do correlate significantly with a high KC value. Although this study, being the first validation effort, does not show provable causation, it does demonstrate a quantifiable correlation and association between EME and successful KM implementation. This in turn should contribute to the slim body of objective knowledge on the design, deployment, and measurement of KM systems.

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45

Tang, Xiaofeng. "Engineering Knowledge and Student Development| An Institutional and Pedagogical Critique of Engineering Education." Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3684113.

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Educators have recommended the integration of engineering and the liberal arts as a promising educational model to prepare young engineers for global economic, environmental, sociotechnical, and ethical challenges. Drawing upon philosophy of technology, engineering studies, and educational psychology, this dissertation examines diverse visions and strategies for integrating engineering and liberal education and explores their impacts on students' intellectual and moral development. Based on archival research, interviews, and participant observation, the dissertation presents in-depth case studies of three educational initiatives that seek to blend engineering with the humanities, social sciences, and arts: Harvey Mudd College, the Picker Engineering Program at Smith College, and the Programs in Design and Innovation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The research finds that learning engineering in a liberal arts context increases students' sense of "owning" their education and contributes to their communication, teamwork, and other non-technical professional skills. In addition, opportunities for extensive liberal arts learning in the three cases encourage some students to pursue alternative, less technocentric approaches to engineering. Nevertheless, the case studies suggest that the epistemological differences between the engineering and liberal arts instructors help maintain a technical/social dualism among most students. Furthermore, the dissertation argues a "hidden curriculum," which reinforces the dominant ideology in the engineering profession, persists in the integrated programs and prevents the students from reflecting on the broad social context of engineering and critically examining the assumptions upheld in the engineering profession.

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46

Bobrowski, Richard Michal. "An objective approach to matching computer-based tools to engineering design tasks for the automation of engineering design processes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323417.

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47

Harrington, J. "An intelligent negotiation based framework to support concurrent engineering principles in the engineering design of process plant." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4667.

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The traditional approach to the engineering design of process plant is highly sequential with decisions made early in the design phase having a large knock on effect to downstream design processes. A lack of consideration to downstream concerns will either result in design re-work or compromise. Concurrent engineering has been proposed as a design method for resolving the problems inherent in the sequential design process by bringing the different engineering disciplines together at key decision points in the design process, thereby preventing design problems before they occur. Computational support for concurrent engineering aims to develop tools to help team members in sharing knowledge and keep track of the others' needs, constraints, decisions and assumptions [Cutkosky, et al. 93]. Such systems would enable engineering disciplines from each of the design life-cycle stages to communicate and review design strategy. As a group they would be able to explore design alternatives in search of a good solution [Talukdar, Fenves 89]. Knowledge based systems can support the engineering design process by providing advice that accounts for the global concerns. It is argued that such a system should be distributed, due to the problems in maintaining a single large knowledge base, and computational power required to operate a single system. However, wherever expertise is distributed, conflict exists that has to be resolved. The aims of this research are to identify the needs of a computational support environment to aid concurrent engineering design, and to develop a framework to enable disparate design systems to cooperate and produce designs acceptable from the global viewpoint. The 'needs' were identified from a study of the engineering design process, and a detailed analysis into the design and selection of pumping systems to provide a rich example of the problems faced in a specific design process. Cooperation is achieved through 'Negotiation', which resolves conflicts between the various objectives involved in design and is a central theme of this research. Through the provision of a framework to support negotiation the aim is to provide the basis on which individual design programs can cooperate to produce rational designs from a global perspective, thereby bringing life cycle design advice to the earlier design stages.
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Distanont, A. (Anyanitha). "Knowledge transfer in requirements engineering in collaborative product development." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200545.

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Abstract At present, collaborative strategies are an important part of developing the capabilities to be able to compete in the 21st Century since knowledge or innovations cannot develop entirely within a single firm. Collaboration provides invaluable resources that a firm cannot create through knowledge transfer mechanisms. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to enhance understanding of knowledge transfer in requirements engineering in the context of collaborative product development. The research is qualitative by nature and utilises the case study methodology. Data collection was conducted through interviews and surveys with informants in high-tech enterprises. The results indicate that collaboration in product development is very important and acts as a means of obtaining external resources, especially knowledge. However, collaboration is not an easy practice; it involves many challenges. In order to improve the practice of collaboration, it is necessary to manage and leverage the transfer of knowledge. According to the results, in order to increase the effectiveness of knowledge transfer over enterprise interfaces, each knowledge type needs to be transferred through the suitable transfer channel at the right time. The results also indicate that the individual relationships among buyers and suppliers are an essential element for long-term collaboration and common platforms or tools need to be developed to support collaborative product development over enterprise interfaces
Tiivistelmä Kiristyvän kilpailun tilanteessa yritykset etsivät keinoja tehostaakseen toimintaansa. Yksi keino tähän on yhteistyökumppanina toimivien yritysten hyödyntäminen tuotekehityksessä. Yhteistyökumppanien hyödyntämisellä yritykset pyrkivät muun muassa tukemaan innovatiivisuutta ja täydentämään tuotekehityksessä tarvittavia kyvykkyyksiä. Tähän pyritään hankkimalla lisää resursseja, erityisesti tietämystä ja osaamista, jota yrityksellä ei itsellään ole tai joka on ulkoistettu aiemmin. Tässä väitöskirjassa perehdytään yritysyhteistyötä hyödyntävään tuotekehitystoimintaan ja tutkimuksen tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä osaamisen siirrosta erityisesti vaatimusten hallinnan prosessissa. Tämä väitöskirjatyö on laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto on hankittu haastatteluilla ja kyselyillä korkeanteknologian yrityksistä. Tutkimustulosten mukaan yritysten välinen yhteistyö tuotekehityksessä on merkittävässä roolissa moderneissa yrityksissä. Tällöin voidaan puhua ulkopuolisten resurssien, erityisesti ulkoisen osaamisen hyödyntämisestä tuotekehityksessä. Tulosten mukaan on kuitenkin huomioitava, että yritysyhteistyö on varsin monimutkaista ja haastavaa toteuttaa. Yritysten tulee paremmin johtaa osaamisen siirtoa yhteistyökumppaneiden välillä ja panostaa osaamisen siirtoon liittyviin toimintatapoihin ja työkaluihin. Yritysten välisen osaamisen siirron tehokkuuden lisäämiseksi tulee huomioida, että erityyppinen osaaminen tulee siirtää sille ominaisen kanavan kautta juuri oikeaan aikaan. Tulosten mukaan yrityksissä toimivien henkilöiden väliset suhteet ovat keskeisessä roolissa pitkän aikavälin yritysyhteistyölle. Tukeakseen paremmin yritysyhteistyötä tuotekehityksessä yritysten tulisi kehittää yhteisiä alustoja tai työkaluja osaamisen siirtoon
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Baxter, David. "A process-based approach to engineering design knowledge reuse." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2007. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2795.

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Manufacturing enterprises are under increasing pressure to produce products of higher quality at lower cost in shorter time frames if they are to remain competitive. Engineering design support methods can help companies to achieve these goals. One such approach is design knowledge reuse. Industrial requirements have been identified as (i) the ability to rapidly create product variants; (ii) the ability to capture and re-use design knowledge, and; (iii) the capability to support the design effort across a distributed enterprise. The research aim is developed to assist the manufacturing enterprise in meeting the industrial requirements in the following way: a design solution to a new product requirement can be supported using an application package that is developed for a specific product domain. The application package consists of knowledge about previous products and projects, and procedures for using the knowledge to achieve a new solution. An initial investigation showed that design reuse in practice is lacking in specific areas: access to relevant and contextualised captured design knowledge; the relationship between design reuse and the product development process; integrated engineering and business objectives. Literature gaps were also identified. They include: (i) knowledge reuse for the whole product life cycle (particularly early design); (ii) integrated product and design process models; (iii) a ‘how-to’ element of the product design process. The aim of this research is to provide a method for reusing engineering design knowledge. The research method is ‘interview case study’, which supports a flexible approach and enables the research to develop according to the findings. The research was carried out with four companies, one of which took part in a detailed case study, providing case data to develop, populate and validate the proposed system. The outcome of the research is a proposal for a process based engineering design reuse method. The method consists of a combination of product, process and task knowledge to support the design process. Product knowledge is represented using a product ontology. Process knowledge is represented using the Design Roadmap method. Task knowledge is represented using a template developed to record the critical aspects of the task, including ‘how-to’ knowledge. Case studies are used to validate the proposed framework and the developed prototype system. The proposed design knowledge reuse framework is applicable to a range of industries in which mature, complex products are developed.
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Sandberg, Marcus. "Design for manufacturing : methods and applications using knowledge engineering." Doctoral thesis, Luleå : Luleå, Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Division of Functional Product Development, Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/59/.

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