Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Engineering heritage'

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1

Melita, Lucia Noor. "Development of nanomaterials applied to tissue engineering and cultural heritage conservation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10045834/.

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Bone degradation can be determined by the demineralisation processes affecting the tissue both in vivo and ex vivo. Bone mineral density can decrease during ageing but also due to a series of other factors such as bone disorders. Nevertheless, the demineralisation can also occur in archaeological sites, due to soil environmental conditions that can undermine the long-term preservation of bone, or due to incorrect storage conditions. The approaches for the treatment of osteoporotic bone have included biomaterials able to promote bone repair. For bone and related materials in cultural heritage conservation, consolidation is often achieved with polymers which, however, can create damage in the long-term. In this thesis, new systems based on nanoparticles have been investigated for the mineralisation of collagen and for the consolidation of deteriorated bones, with emphasis on demineralised materials. Different inorganic nanoparticles were developed and their application was studied on simplified collagen models to evaluate their biocompatibility during the engineering of nanoparticle/collagen scaffolds. Mineralising tests in SBF were performed on partially mineralised collagen to observe if nanoparticles embedded in collagen scaffolds enhance further mineralisation. It was concluded that HA nanoparticles increased the mineral content, while CaCO3 nanoparticles demonstrated poor interaction with collagen. During the evaluation of their biocompatibility, alkali NPs tended to interact with collagen by creating a coherent layer of protection. Ca(OH)2 were therefore selected for the consolidation of artificially demineralised bones. The results demonstrated an increase in the mechanical strength of demineralised bone after the carbonation reaction. Carbonated Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles also acted as a protective layer preventing the degradation of collagen during accelerated ageing. The final chapter investigated the application of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticle dispersions for the deacidification of canvas, an already accepted practice in paper and wood conservation, and its long-term preservation effects after artificial ageing. An additional step looked at the applicability of the deacidification step during a standard conservation protocol.
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Cruz, Arturo. "Re-strengthening Brisbane City Hall : a case study of heritage engineering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/64727/1/Arturo_Cruz_Thesis.pdf.

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Upgrading old buildings with the evolution of building requirements, this project investigates new approaches that can be applied to strengthen our own heritage buildings using historical and comparative analysis of heritage building restorations locally and abroad. Within the newly developing field of Heritage Engineering, it evaluates the innovative Concrete Overlay technique adapted to building restoration of the Brisbane City Hall. This study aims to extend the application of Concrete Overlay techniques and determine its compatibility specifically to heritage buildings. Concrete overlay involves drilling new reinforcement and placing concrete on top of the existing structure. It is akin to a bone transplant or bone grafting in the case of a human being and has been used by engineers to strengthen newer bridges.
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Zhang, Wei. "Reanimating cultural heritage through digital technologies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6341/.

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Digital technologies are becoming extremely important for web-based cultural heritage applications. This thesis presents novel digital technology solutions to 'access and interact' with digital heritage objects and collections. These innovative solutions utilize service orientation (web services), workflows, and social networking and Web 2.0 mashup technologies to innovate the creation, interpretation and use of collections dispersed in a global museumscape, where community participation is achieved through social networking. These solutions are embedded in a novel concept called Digital Library Services for Playing with Shared Heritage (DISPLAYS). DISPLAYS is concerned with creating tools and services to implement a digital library system, which allows the heritage community and museum professionals alike to create, interpret and use digital heritage content in visualization and interaction environments using web technologies based on social networking. In particular, this thesis presents a specific implementation of DISPLAYS called the Reanimating Cultural Heritage system, which is modelled on the five main functionalities or services defined in the DISPLAYS architecture, content creation, archival, exposition, presentation and interaction, for handling digital heritage objects. The main focus of this thesis is the design of the Reanimating Cultural Heritage system's social networking functionality that provides an innovative solution for integrating community access and interaction with the Sierra Leone digital heritage repository composed of collections from the British Museum, Glasgow Museums and Brighton Museum and Art Gallery. The novel use of Web 2.0 mashups in this digital heritage repository also allows the seamless integration of these museum collections to be merged with user or community generated content, while preserving the quality of museum collections data. Finally, this thesis tests and evaluates the usability of the Reanimating Cultural Heritage social networking system, in particular the suitability of the digital technology solution deployed. Testing is performed with a user group composed of several users, and the results obtained are presented.
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Ma, Ruo Wei. "Economic valuation of the cultural heritage in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636337.

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Tornari, Vivi. "Holographic interference : structural deformation detection applied to cultural heritage objects." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2013. http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/5228/.

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Interference is a fundamental physical phenomenon proving the wave nature of energy. It is based on wave superposition forming natural waveeffects expressed both in nature under random selective conditions as well as in laboratory scientific experiments by carefully controlled selection of parameters. Science generates a number of technology applications using the inherited properties of waves after their superposition in space termed interference. These interfering waves have extremely rare properties compared to their initial physical systems and become entities with measurable quantities which can be used to quantify qualities in other phenomena, mechanisms, and physical objects with variety of physical properties. These waves are currently fully explored in theoretical and experimental physics finding many modern applications and enlightening the way to longstanding questions. Remote non contact study of surfaces and their reactions visually witnessing internal subsurface and unknown bulk information without need to implement destructing forces or penetrating irradiation to trace them and without interacting with it or interfering with the results is one of the most challenging modern applications of interference physics. Apart from everyday life applications artworks’ conservation is a field that interference properties are uniquely suited. It is the quality of light wave interference that is being utilised in this body of research and summarised in the present thesis. The context of the presented thesis unfolded in next chapters is constructed in one book on a contextual rather than chronological order. The contextual base presentation is achieved through clustering same context published articles that have resulted over the course of years of research which have been published in review journals, conference proceedings or governmental publications. The formation of laser interference fringe patterns and their exceptional qualitites in application for structural diagnosis with defect detection and definition, their unique properties utilised in studies of environmental and climate effects, the prototype optical geometries and novel experimental methodologies envisaged to solve specific application problems are presented along with examination on theoretical matters of exploring interference properties, qualities, geometries and their outmost final product the interference fringe pattern. Thus in this thesis the aim is to prove the contribution of the experimental research publications to the study of interference patterns as a highly sophisticated structural diagnostic tool in the complicated problems of Cultural Heritage applications. The implementation of interference phenomena and the development in experimental investigations applied in inhomogeneous, anisotropic, shape variant, multilayered, multicomposition cultural heritage objects, paves the way to implement “fringe patterns” as a scaleless (scale independent) diagnostic detector allowing generation of novel tools and practices on problem solving projects. The developments are beyond the specific application and are extended to other fields of science and technology. The articles and bibliography cited within the text including author's publications utilised as sources in the writing of this thesis are referenced in square brackets and are explicitly listed in ANNEX I The list of publications of the author is shown in ANNEX II. The originals of author's publications supporting the thesis are provided after the Annex II as have been published. Due to limitation in number of pages there is not included a section to present the fundamental principles of the phenomena presented here instead a list of books commonly found in most University libraries is provided for interested readers as BIBLIOGRAPHY at the last paragraphs of ANNEX I.
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Patoli, Muhammad Zeeshan. "Content rendering and interaction technologies for digital heritage systems." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6932/.

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Existing digital heritage systems accommodate a huge amount of digital repository information; however their content rendering and interaction components generally lack the more interesting functionality that allows better interaction with heritage contents. Many digital heritage libraries are simply collections of 2D images with associated metadata and textual content, i.e. little more than museum catalogues presented online. However, over the last few years, largely as a result of EU framework projects, some 3D representation of digital heritage objects are beginning to appear in a digital library context. In the cultural heritage domain, where researchers and museum visitors like to observe cultural objects as closely as possible and to feel their existence and use in the past, giving the user only 2D images along with textual descriptions significantly limits interaction and hence understanding of their heritage. The availability of powerful content rendering technologies, such as 3D authoring tools to create 3D objects and heritage scenes, grid tools for rendering complex 3D scenes, gaming engines to display 3D interactively, and recent advances in motion capture technologies for embodied immersion, allow the development of unique solutions for enhancing user experience and interaction with digital heritage resources and objects giving a higher level of understanding and greater benefit to the community. This thesis describes DISPLAYS (Digital Library Services for Playing with Shared Heritage Resources), which is a novel conceptual framework where five unique services are proposed for digital content: creation, archival, exposition, presentation and interaction services. These services or tools are designed to allow the heritage community to create, interpret, use and explore digital heritage resources organised as an online exhibition (or virtual museum). This thesis presents innovative solutions for two of these services or tools: content creation where a cost effective render grid is proposed; and an interaction service, where a heritage scenario is presented online using a real-time motion capture and digital puppeteer solution for the user to explore through embodied immersive interaction their digital heritage.
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Lilja, Josefin. "Interactive digital storytelling and tangibility in cultural heritage museums." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22810.

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This paper focuses on how a single installation can enhance personalization of the information in cultural heritage museums and enhance the overall experience using interactive digital storytelling and the ability to touch artefacts. Interaction design methods helped establish best practices centring on usability. In the process low- fidelity and mid-fidelity prototypes were created based on the field studies such as obeservations in exhibits and interviewing professionals in different museums. The conclusion could be made that artefact and the purpose of the exhibit as an whole does get more intense if one has the opportunity to touch and make it part of the visitors journey can be said.
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Paraschakis, Dimitris. "Crowdsourcing cultural heritage metadata through social media gaming." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20739.

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Crowdsourcing has been used in the cultural heritage domain for a variety of tasks. One of them is generation of descriptive metadata for digital archives. Gamification offers citizens a more entertaining way to interact with digital collections and generate useful metadata as a side effect of gameplay. The rise of social gaming on Facebook in recent years opens new horizons for cultural heritage institutions to leverage the capabilities of social networking platforms and to gain immediate access to millions of potential contributors. In this work, we explore the integration of social networks with crowdsourcing games for generating archival metadata. We studied crowdsourcing, gamification and social dynamics from the perspective of cultural heritage and combine their features in a metadata game prototype on the Facebook platform. We tested our prototype and evaluate its results by analysing participation, contribution and player feedback. The two-week testing phase showed promising results in terms of user engagement and produced metadata: almost 3000 tags were added, 90% of which were valid dictionary terms. We conclude that deploying metadata games on social networking platforms is a feasible method for digital archives to harness human intelligence from large shared spaces.
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Alharthi, Walaa. "Investigation into the impact of using virtual heritage to depict the historical city of Al Madinah." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/55671/.

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Al Madinah, in Saudi Arabia, is the second most holy city for Muslims throughout the world and has a long and rich heritage. However, most of the historical and traditional buildings, city walls and holy places have been replaced with modern structures. But, there have been several attempts, many by individuals, to preserve the heritage of Al Madinah. This thesis took an in-depth look at the history of Al Madinah, with emphasis on a 3D virtual environment which was produced as part of this project and inspired by a 3D model depicting the historical city of Al Madinah. First, this research examined the documentation of the historical city and identified its limitations by visiting location museums and evaluating the display mediums concerned with the heritage of Al Madinah. To contrast the traditional methods employed in local museums, eight museums in the UK were visited to explore their use of technology and digital devices. After these two initial steps, the main contribution focused on developing an effective installation to present the heritage of Al Madinah using first hand material. The Madinah Virtual Heritage (MVH) installation was developed in two main stages and tested for its usability. MVH provides a virtual reality experience by using an affordable head-mounted VR display, which would be especially beneficial for local museums with limited budgets. This thesis gives an overview of how to create a virtual heritage environment, and the principles can be applied to other fields. The findings show that there are limited resources available to understand the heritage of Al Madinah, especially because local museums are self-funded and use traditional media and redundant displays. The use of 3D is a possible solution to reconstruct the demolished buildings. Virtual reality brings interactivity and engagement to the installation, which could be used in local museums as it is now available in head-mounted format at an affordable cost.
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Vilhelmsson, Petter. "Energy performance of built heritage in the subarctic climate zone of northern Sweden : Applying existing standards and methodologies for improving energy efficiency of built heritage." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73733.

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In Sweden, as well as in Europe, buildings are estimated to consume 40 % of the total energyuse. Moreover, one third of the European building stock consists of buildings with some sort ofdistinguable cultural or historic significance, and it follows logically that a considerablepercentage of Sweden’s and Europe’s total energy is consumed by this category of buildings –historic buildings. Especially when considering that historic buildings typically have inferiorenergy performance than other buildings. The challenge to improve the energy performance inhistoric buildings while also taking heritage values into consideration is undertaken within thescope of this master’s thesis. The European standard “Conservation of cultural heritage –Guidelines for improving the energy performance of historic buildings” (SS-EN 16883:2017) ispartially applied to a case-building in order to approach the challenge methodically.The energy performance of a building and proposed refurbishment measures is evaluatedthrough the use of computer-generated building energy models. Three different scenarios withsets of refurbishment measures have been simulated; (1) light impact, (2) moderate impact and(3) heavy impact on heritage values. Categorization of the refurbishment measures have beenaccomplished by using an objectivistic approach based on contemporary conservation theoriesand definitions. The theoretical framework is primarily based on conservation practices laid outby the Burra Charter.The light refurbishment package would reduce the heating energy use by almost 11 % whilehaving little to no impact on the building’s heritage values. The moderate package would reducethe heating energy use by 34,5 % without having a major impact on the building’s heritagevalues. The most invasive refurbishment package would, the heavy refurbishment package,would reduce the heating energy use by almost 40 %. This significant energy use reductionwould not come without its drawbacks. This package of measures would infact alter some of theexpressed character defining elements of the building.Improving the energy efficiency of built heritage is a challenge, especially when trying toassess the impact it might have on its heritage values. This master’s thesis can provide someinsight into the act of balancing energy improvement measures and cultural heritage valuesagainst one another, especially for buildings that lack formal protection in the form of legislativedirectives or policies.
I Sverige, såsom i övriga Europa, uppskattas byggnader stå för 40 % av den totalaenergianvändningen. En tredjedel av europeiska byggnader har någon form av kulturell ellerhistorisk betydelse. Detta tyder på att en betydelsefull andel av Sveriges och Europas totala energiförbrukas av denna kategori byggnader – historiska byggnader. I synnerhet när hänsyn tas till atthistoriska byggnader i allmänhet påvisar sämre energiprestanda än andra byggnader. Utmaningenatt förbättra energiprestandan i historiska byggnader samtidigt som man respekterar och beaktarkulturvärden behandlas inom ramen för detta examensarbete. Den europeiska standarden"Bevarande av kulturarv - Riktlinjer för förbättring av energiprestandan i historiska byggnader"(SS-EN 16883: 2017) tillämpas delvis på en byggnad för att på ett metodiskt tillvägagångssättangripa utmaningen.Byggnadens energiprestanda och föreslagna renoveringsåtgärder utvärderas genomanvändning och analys av datorgenererade energimodeller. Tre scenarier, bestående av olikarenoveringsåtgärder med varierande påverkan av kulturvärdena har simulerats; (1) lätt påverkan,(2) måttlig påverkan och (3) stor påverkan av kulturvärden. Kategoriseringen avrenoveringsåtgärderna har uppnåtts genom att använda ett objektivistiskt tillvägagångssätt baseratpå rådande definitioner och kunskap från byggnadsmiljövården. Den teoretiska referensramen ärhuvudsakligen baserad på bevarandepraxis som fastställts i Burra-stadgan.Renoveringspaketet med ”lätt påverkan” skulle minska användningen av värmeenergi mednästintill 11 % samtidigt som åtgärden har liten eller ingen betydande inverkan på byggnadenskulturvärden. Det ”måttliga paketet” skulle kunna minska användningen av värmeenergi med34,5 % utan att ha en alltför stor inverkan på byggnadens kulturvärden. Det mest omfattanderenoveringspaketet som innebär ”stor påverkan” skulle kunna minska användningen avvärmeenergi med nästan 40 %. Denna betydande förbättring kommer inte utan tillhörandenackdelar. Detta paket av åtgärder kan potentiellt skada eller förändra karaktären hos byggnaden.Karaktärsdrag som uttryckligen bedömts vara värda att bevara.Att förbättra energieffektiviteten hos kulturhistorisk bebyggelse är en utmaning, särskilt närman försöker bedöma vilken påverkan eventuella åtgärder kan ha på ovärderliga kulturvärden.Detta examensarbete kan ge viss insikt i hur man kan balansera energibesparingsåtgärder ochkulturvärden mot varandra, särskilt för byggnader som saknar särskilt uttryckta skyddsåtgärder iform av byggnadsminnesförklaring, lagstiftning eller politiska ställningstaganden.
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Tellow, Katarina. "Redeveloping waterfronts : A study in planning strategies, waterfronts and heritage." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78024.

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Redeveloping centrally located waterfronts took of properly in the late 1990’s. Before that, the old brownfields were left untouched for years, often resulting in the connection between them and the city centre worsening. The thesis aims to explore strategies and approaches for waterfront developments. This was done by analysing the strategies used whilst planning the following three sites; Västra Hamnen in Malmö, Nordhavn in Copenhagen and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. In addition to this, a waterfront site in Gothenburg was chosen and used to put the theoretical discoveries into practice. The theoretical foundation is made up of a literature and document study, where the three case studies and the designated site acted as the main topics of research along with general information about waterfronts and architectural and cultural heritage. The case studies were analysed using a combination of field studies and a literature study. A matrix consisting of ten columns and four rows was created and used as a base for analysing the approaches of the three cities. The site analysis was done with the help of a document study and field study. Both field studies were executed using the method of walk-throughs. The thesis resulted in six suggestions for future actions when redeveloping waterfronts as well as an urban framework proposal. The results are meant to work as a basis for future projects.
Utvecklingen av centralt belägna hamnområden tog fart ordentligt under det sena 1990-talet. De gamla industriområdena hade innan dess inte prioriterats, något som ofta resulterade i att förbindelserna mellan dem och stadskärnan försämrades. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska strategier och tillvägagångssätt som används vid utveckling av hamnområden. Detta gjordes genom att analysera de strategier som använts under planeringsfasen av tre olika stadsdelar; Västra Hamnen i Malmö, Nordhavn i Köpenhamn och Cardiff Bay i Cardiff. Utöver detta valdes ett hamnområde ut i Göteborg som användes för att använda den teoretiska informationen i praktiken. Den teoretiska basen är uppbyggd av en litteratur- och dokumentstudie, där de tre stadsdelarna och den utvalda projektplatsen figurerade som de huvudsakliga forskningsobjekten, tillsammans med generell information om vattennära områden tillsammans med arkitektoniskt och kulturellt arv. De tre stadsdelarna analyserades med hjälp av fältstudier i kombination med en litteraturstudie. En matris med 10 olika teman skapades även för att bättre utforska dem. Analysen av projektplatsen genomfördes även den med hjälp av en dokumentstudie och fältstudier. Alla fältstudierna genomfördes genom att följa metoden för gåturer. Forskningen resulterade i framtagningen av sex stycken förslag på framtida åtgärder vid förnyelse av hamnmiljöer tillsammans med ett förslag för en urban struktur för Gullbergsvass. Resultaten är tänkta att användas som bas för fortsatta studier.
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Örn, Tomas. "Energy efficiency in heritage buildings : Conservation approaches and their impact on energy efficiency measures." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68405.

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The impeding climate change challenge urges for a reduction of energy use in the built environment. Buildings account for nearly 40% of the total energy use and about 35% of the greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. EU member states are required to improve the energy efficiency of the existing building stock, for example by sharpening building regulations and developing enforcement schemes. Since energy efficiency retrofits can affect irreplaceable values in heritage buildings, heritage buildings are often excluded from mandatory demands aiming at reducing the energy use in buildings. However, saving energy have gradually become embraced by the conservation community and heritage buildings with are seen as part of the solution. This licentiate thesis discusses the methods to identify heritage significance in a building and how the underlying theory determines different scenarios in a energy retrofitting process. The choice of conservation theory and conservation approach will affect the success the energy retrofitting process and determine how much the energy use that can be reduced. This thesis therefore suggests a framework to understand the different interpretation of the impacts that one could exert either by having an Objectivistic or Relative conservation value approach.. Based on this framework, a decision-support tool is developed to further detail the impacts of such approaches for different energy measures. Other results show that a majority of reviewed research publications focused on the operational energy in a building and only a few were concerned with energy use over the entire life- cycle of a building. These analyses are used to evaluate where most energy savings can be made, and often pinpoint weak spots in the building’s envelope or technical system. If it was mentioned at all, the influence of cultural and historical factors on energy efficiency measures as applied to heritage buildings tended to be assessed only briefly. Indeed, the majority does not describe conservation principles or even mention the methodology used – if any – for assessing or defining heritage values. Instead, researchers often show an explicit (sometimes an implicit) understanding of conservation as essentially something that is not destructive of original construction material and hence the authenticity of a building. This licentiate thesis is a compilation thesis, consisting of one separate sub-study, one literature review and an extended cover essay. The study is oriented towards a Swedish and European context, especially when it comes to climate conditions and discussions on building regulations and the theory and practice of architectural conservation. It addresses the growing research field of energy efficiency in heritage buildings and the thesis aims to contribute to an increased understanding on how the process of assessment and evaluation of heritage significance in buildings affects the making of heritage buildings more energy efficient. The main research question is: How do different approaches for assessing and evaluating heritage significance in buildings affect possible technical energy saving measures in heritage buildings?
Klimatförändringarna driver utvecklingen mot att energianvändningen i den byggda miljön behöver minska. Byggnader står för nästan 40% av den totala energianvändningen och cirka 35% av utsläppen av växthusgaser i Europa. EUs medlemsländer är bundna att förbättra energieffektiviteten hos befintliga byggnader, till exempel genom att skärpa byggreglerna och utveckla handlingsplaner. Eftersom energieffektiviseringar kan påverka värden i kulturhurhistoriska byggnader, är dessa ofta undantagna från krav som syftar till att minska energianvändningen i byggnader. Energibesparing och resurshushållning har gradvis blivit omfamnad av kulturmiljösektorn och kulturhistoriska byggnader betraktas allt mer som en del av lösningen på klimatförändringarna. I licentiatavhandlingen diskuteras metoderna för att identifiera kulturhistoriska värden i en byggnad och hur den underliggande teorin påverkar olika scenarier i en energieffektiviseringprocess. Valet av bevarandeteori och bevarandestrategi påverkar framgångsfaktorn i energieffektivseringen och hur mycket energianvändningen i en kulturhistorisk byggnad kan minskas. I denna avhandling föreslås därför ett teoretiskt ramverk för att förstå effekterna av de olika kulturhistoriska bedömningar som kan göras, antingen genom att använda ett objektivistiskt eller en relativ syn på hur en en byggnads kulturhistoriska värden skapas och bäst bevaras. Utifrån detta teoretiska ramverk har ett stöd för beslutsfattande utvecklats för att ytterligare beskriva effekterna av de olika bevarandestrategiernas påverkan på implementeringen av olika energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Andra resultat visar att en majoritet av de granskade forskningspublikationerna fokuserade på den operativa energin i en byggnad och bara ett fåtal gällde energianvändning under hela livscykeln i en byggnad. Dessa analyser används för att utvärdera var de flesta energibesparingar kan göras och ofta identifiera svaga punkter i byggnadens klimatskal eller tekniska system. Om det nämndes alls tenderade inflytandet av kulturella och historiska faktorer på energieffektivitetsåtgärder som tillämpas på arvsbyggnader endast att bedömas kortfattat. Faktum är att majoriteten av de genomgångna publikationerna inte beskriver bevarandeprinciper och inte nämner den metod som används för att bedöma eller definiera kulturhistoriska värden. Istället används ofta en explicit (ibland en implicit) förståelse för bevarande som i huvudsak något som inte förstör ursprungligt material och därmed autenticitet i en byggnad. Denna licentiatavhandling består av en separat undersökning, en litteraturöversikt och en utökad kappa. Studien är inriktad på ett svenskt och europeiskt sammanhang, särskilt när det gäller klimatförhållanden och diskussioner om byggregler och teori och praktik för kulturhistoriskt bevarande av byggnader. Den är en del av det växande forskningsområdet energieffektivisering i kulturhistoriska byggnader och avhandlingen syftar till att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur utvärderingen av kulturhistoriska värden i byggnader påverkar arbetet med att göra dem mer energieffektiva. Huvudforskningsfrågan är: Hur påverkar olika metoder för bedömning och utvärdering av kulturhistoriska värden energibesparande åtgärder i kulturhistoriska byggnader?
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Routsolias, Panagiotis. "Energy-efficient design and application of geothermal energy in buildings of areas of protected cultural heritage: Case study Mani, Greece." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35069.

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Azizah, Roisatul. "A participatory design approach to designing a playful cultural heritage experience : A case study of the Majapahit sites." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396764.

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Within HCI, CSCW, and other related disciplines, participatory design has been proven to be an effective way of developing technological solutions where the end- users are involved throughout the design process. This study aims to find out how and to what extent can the participatory design approach be implemented and investigated involving the end-user perspective to enhance cultural heritage experience in a case study of the Majapahit sites. The process started with an initial understanding of the users and the user’s need via online pre-study involving 53 respondents. The insights gathered envision the possible attributes of design solutions, the visiting experience in Majapahit sites, and the participants' relevant background. Three co-designing sessions with 35 participants were conducted, some needs and qualities were discussed based on the design process and the results of 11 design ideas from the design workshops. Later, to understand the usefulness and novelty of the identified design alternatives conducted from the workshops, further analysis of the design creativity was conducted with two experienced designers. The findings of the thesis involve five design areas in cultural heritage experience: improving the basic facility, support of learning about cultural heritage, assisting the visitor to explore the cultural heritage, social experience of cultural heritage, and support of entertainment and challenge in the cultural heritage experience. Hence, this study enables HCI researchers to do further study in regard to Majapahit sites or in the domain of cultural heritage in general.
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Ngoma, Athuman M. K. "Characterisation and Consolidation of Historical Lime Mortars in Cultural Heritage Buildings and Associated Structures in East Africa." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11371.

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For the period of several centuries, the influence of several distinct cultures produced rich and diverse cultural heritage that we see today in East Africa countries. The most tangible remains of these heritages are stone built buildings and structures including, palaces, mosques, residential houses and tombs. At present, these heritages are in different physical state, some are in relatively good condition while many are in an appalling condition. The presence of these historical monuments has benefited these countries economically and culturally therefore, it is essential to ensure that these monuments continue to exist. Material characterisation of the historical buildings and associated structures was used to develop a suitable method of intervention that is sympathetic to the original materials. Mortar is the most damaged material therefore, historical mortar from Stone Town historical buildings and associated structures has been characterised by visual examination, optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction and hydrostatic weighing and the results have been compared. The historical mortar is mainly comprised of calcite, quartz and feldspar. The mortar condition has been divided into hard mortar, soft mortar and, soft and friable mortar. The deteriorated mortar that required consolidation is soft mortar and, soft and friable mortar with a porosity of approximately 27%. Calcium hydroxide solution (limewater) has been selected as consolidant and the consolidation procedure involves two steps. Firstly a limewater impregnation procedure has been developed and secondly, the effect of limewater treatment has been determined. For the application procedure it has been observed that, when limewater comes into contact with calcium carbonate a precipitation reaction occurs and that is the cause of poor penetration ability of calcium hydroxide solution. Major influencing factors on the penetration ability of calcium hydroxide solution have been established as, application method and absorption capacity of the treated material during the impregnation process. Optimization of the penetration ability of calcium hydroxide solution has been achieved by impregnating from the middle of the impregnated specimen. Sugar has been used to study the influence of additive on enhancing calcium hydroxide solubility. It has been verified that solubility of calcium hydroxide in a solution of sugar is proportional to the amount of sugar in the solution. Porosity and strength tests have been used to study the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide treatment. Under the conditions studied no appreciable change of porosity has been detected. It is postulated that the calcium hydroxide was deposited at the binder/aggregate interface and at the secondary pores. In terms of strength, evidence has been found to suggest the strength increment varies quantitively with the amount of calcite crystals deposited.
QC 20100803
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16

Varkalytė, Aistė. "Širvintų rajono savivaldybės gamtos ir nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo objektų išsaugojimo vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110614_114152-21086.

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Lietuvoje sukurta daug įvairaus rango, paskirties, dydžio, skirtingos funkcinės paskirties saugomų teritorijų. Širvintų rajone saugomos teritorijos užima 4,2 proc. rajono ploto. Paveldo objektai – atskiri arba tankias grupes sudarantys gamtos ir kultūros paveldo objektai – kraštovaizdžio elementai, kuriems dėl jų vertės teisės aktais nustatytas specialus apsaugos ir naudojimo režimas. Tyrimas atliktas siekiant įvertinti minėtų objektų apsaugą Širvintų rajone. Šiame darbe atlikta norminių dokumentų, teritorijų planavimo, mokslinių darbų ir kitos aktualios literatūros analizė, nuvykus į Kultūrinį Kernavės rezervatą apžiūrėti paveldo objektai ir įvertinta jų būklė. Pagrindinis tokių objektų apsaugos tikslas – perleisti paveldą ateities kartoms. Vienas svarbiausių uždavinių paveldo objektų saugojime – atsakingas šių objektų stebėjimas ir jų būklės vertinimas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Širvintų rajono nekilnojamojo kultūros ir gamtos paveldo teritorijos yra geros būklės, nuolat vykdomi objektų būklės gerinimo darbai, nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo objektų teritorijų naudojimas ir apsauga yra reglamentuota pakankama teisine baze.
Lithuania has created a lot of protected areas, which differ in ranks, purpose, size and function. In Širvintos district protected territories cover 4,2 percent of area. Heritage sites - individual or groups of natural and cultural heritage objects – are the landscape elements, which are protected by special statutory protection and recovery mode. Aim of the research is to evaluate the protection of natural and cultural heritage in Širvintos district. This work analyzes normative documents, planning, research papers and other relevant literature, presents results of on-site evaluation of heritage objects in Kernave Cultural Reserve. The main purpose of the protection of these objects is to conduct the heritage to future generations. This is achievable only with the help of responsible observation and evaluation of condition of these objects. The results show that in Širvintos district areas of immovable cultural and natural heritage are in good condition, regularly maintained. Protection and use of immovable cultural heritage objects are regulated by a sufficient legal basis.
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17

Siu, Wai-ming Patrick, and 蕭偉明. "The fire engineering approach in the adaptive reuse of a historical building : the case of revitalising the former Tai O police station as the Tai O heritage hotel." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208070.

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It is good news to see that Hong Kong has adopted the adaptive reuse approach in conserving historical buildings through projects under the Revitalisation Scheme. The bad news is that due to the absence of well-founded locally relevant principles and guidelines, almost all of these projects have brought about fierce quarrels among different groups of professionals. In particular the quarrel between conservation professionals, who try to adopt international best practices in conservation, and government officials, who are responsible for regulating and enforcing fire safety codes consistently in all buildings, regardless they are new or historical. In the past, some conservation architects have queried about the possibility of applying for exemption from the fire codes in conserving historical buildings through adaptive reuse. Today, conservation professionals and government officials have accepted that there is little room for compromise regarding the application of the fire codes in the adaptive reuse of historical buildings, as the codes are about ensuring the safety of occupants as well as protecting the heritage property from fire. Conservation professionals are now looking into ways of applying the fire codes in adaptive reuse projects. Now that the Revitalisation Scheme has been in operation for six year with a number of projects successfully completed, it presents the author the opportunity to examine the fire-code application of these completed projects to develop references based on precedent case-studies. Such references would be useful to professionals in adaptive reuse projects (as conservation consultants, project managers, architects and engineers) in facilitating the planning and design of the adaptive reuse in terms of meeting the fire codes. This research is to study the application for relaxation of, and exemption from, the prescribed fire safety codes by adopting fire engineering approach in adaptive re-use of Old Tai O Police Station into Tai O Heritage Hotel. Tai O Heritage Hotel is the first and so far the only hotel premises of the Government. Besides, it’s the first historic buildings in Batch I of the Revitalisation Scheme with capital cost funded by the Government. It is a great challenge to equip a 110 years old historic building with modern fire safety provisions and installations. By demonstrating the ways of appropriate means in application of fire engineering approach in fire safety in historic building, procedure and assistance which can be given by Government Departments in facilitating the revitalisation works, it can provide platform for future discussions, or a model for future adaptive re-use projects under the Revitalisation Scheme.
published_or_final_version
Conservation
Master
Master of Science in Conservation
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18

Madden, Odile Marguerite, and Odile Marguerite Madden. "Development of Vapor Sensors for Volatile Museum Contaminants by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283712.

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Detection and identification of pesticide residues on objects of cultural heritage is a serious and urgent challenge that currently faces many museums, Native American communities, and private collections worldwide. Organic artifact materials, such as wood, animal hide, basketry, textiles, paper, horn and bone, have traditionally been treated with pesticides to eradicate and prevent infestation by insects, rodents, and mold. These poisonous substances can persist for years in the controlled environment of a museum storeroom and present a potential poisoning risk to people who come in contact with the objects. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential to detect volatile organic pesticides in this context. The technique can overcome the insensitivity of normal Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence interference, and make possible detection of many organic compounds in parts per million concentration. This investigation is aimed at evaluating SERS for the detection and identification of volatiles in museums, with emphasis on naphthalene vapor. The potential of several SERS-active materials; Tollens mirrors, gold film over nanosphere arrays, citrate-stabilized colloidal silver, and nanoporous gold; to detect Rhodamine B and naphthalene is investigated. The research also highlights the mechanisms that underlie SERS, and the relationship between substrate nanostructure and SERS performance.
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Bisulca, Christina. "Case Studies in Conservation Science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332904.

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The research presented in this dissertation covers three separate topics of conservation as defined by the National Science Foundation: 1) Materials Stabilization, Strengthening, Monitoring, and Repair; 2. Understanding Material Degradation and Aging; and 3) Materials and Structural Characterization of Cultural Heritage Objects (the `technical study'). The first topic is addressed through a study to assess the consolidant tetraethoxysilane for the stabilization of alum treated wood. Falling under materials degradation studies is a study published in American Museum Novitates to understand how environmental conditions affect the aging of fossil resins from five different deposits. Two separate studies are included in technical study of cultural heritage objects which comprises the third research area of materials characterization. The first is a survey of red dyes used in Chinese paintings from the Ming Dynasty to the Early Republic (1364-1911). The second is a study of the pigments, dyes and binders used in Hawaiian barkcloth (kapa) from the 19th century.
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Nie, Mengxue. "Exploring the sustainable development of garden tourism with Chinese characteristics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444859.

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Both garden ontology and tourists influence garden tourism, and while many countries around the world have researched garden tourism, China's garden tourism market lacks development. This study aims to find a sustainable and distinctive development path for garden tourism development in complementary developed China. This study uses primarily qualitative research to interview visitors to Chinese garden tourism sites, using visitor experience factors and international case studies to explore the development of Chinese garden tourism. The study results show that Chinese gardens are characterized by developing essential elements: discovering tourism values, increasing infrastructure development, innovative management, and creating a and connotation of sustainable development. Thus, the study project will fill the gap in the development of garden tourism in China and provide a creative direction for the development of garden tourism in China.
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21

Lundgren, Therese. "Digitizing the Parthenon using 3D Scanning : Managing Huge Datasets." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2636.

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Digitizing objects and environments from real world has become an important part of creating realistic computer graphics. Through the use of structured lighting and laser time-of-flight measurements the capturing of geometric models is now a common process. The result are visualizations where viewers gain new possibilities for both visual and intellectual experiences.

This thesis presents the reconstruction of the Parthenon temple and its environment in Athens, Greece by using a 3D laser-scanning technique.

In order to reconstruct a realistic model using 3D scanning techniques there are various phases in which the acquired datasets have to be processed. The data has to be organized, registered and integrated in addition to pre and post processing. This thesis describes the development of a suitable and efficient data processing pipeline for the given data.

The approach differs from previous scanning projects considering digitizing this large scale object at very high resolution. In particular the issue managing and processing huge datasets is described.

Finally, the processing of the datasets in the different phases and the resulting 3D model of the Parthenon is presented and evaluated.

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22

Adomaitytė, Simona. "Sodybų būklės analizė Metelių regioniniame parke." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120530_122727-13925.

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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamasis darbas, 65 puslapiai, 28 paveikslai, 4 lentelės, 42 literatūros šaltiniai, lietuvių kalba. Atlikto tyrimo objektas: Metelių regioninio parko sodybos ir pavieniai pastatai. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti, kaip laikomasi norminiuose dokumentuose nustatytų sąlygų bei žemės ir kito nekilnojamojo turto naudojimo apribojimų ir kokia užstatytų teritorijų įtaka regioninio parko kraštovaizdžiui. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti, kaip laikomasi regioniniame parke nustatytų nekilnojamojo turto naudojimo sąlygų bei apribojimų; 2. Išanalizuoti, kokią įtaką užstatytos teritorijos turi regioninio parko kraštovaizdžiui; 3. Įvertinti sodybų būklę Metelių regioniniame parke ir šių sodybų savininkų nuomonę apie jiems taikomus teritorijų naudojimo apribojimus. Tyrimo metodai: literatūros šaltinių analizė, empirinis pažinimo metodas – stebėjimas, anketinė apklausa. Gauti duomenys apdoroti matematiniais statistiniais metodais ir pateikti lentelėse bei grafikuose. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad iš analizuojamų 73 sodybų 49,3 proc. atitinka nustatytus apsaugos reglamento reikalavimus. 77,7 proc. šių sodybų yra įsikūrusios Barčių ir Obelninkų kaimuose bei Metelių miestelyje. 6,8 proc. sodybų, neatitinka regioninio parko apsaugos reglamento nustatymų. Net 43,8 proc. sodybų yra apleistų ir nebegyvenamų. Daugiausiai apleistų sodybų (62,5 proc.) yra Buckunų ir Nakruniškės kaimuose. Užstatytos teritorijos, kurios sudaro tik 2,3 proc. bendro parko ploto, šio parko... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Final work of University Master Studies: 65 pages, 28 pictures, 4 tables, 42 references, the Lithuanian language. Subject of the research: homesteads and individual buildings in the Meteliai Regional Park. Aim of the research: to investigate compliance with the conditions and use-restrictions of land and other real estate laid down in regulatory documents, as well as the impact of the built-up areas on the Regional Park landscape. Objectives of the research: 1. To determine compliance with the conditions and limitations of the real estate usage in the Regional Park; 2. To analyse the impact of the built-up areas on the Regional Park landscape; 3. To assess the conditions of messuages and their owners’ opinion about the land-use restrictions in the Regional Park. Research methods: review of sources of scientific literature, empirical knowledge (observation), questionnaire. The obtained data were processed using mathematical-statistical methods. The results are presented in tables and graphs. Research results: The results show that 49.3 per cent of the alysed homesteads meet the Protection Regulation Requirements. 77.7 per cent of these dwellings are located in the villages of Barčiai and Obelninkai and in the townsip of Meteliai. 6.8 per cent of homesteads don’t comply with the regulations for the Regional Park protection. Even 43.8 per cent homesteads are abandoned and desolate. Most abandoned homesteads (62.5 per cent) are located in the villages of Buckūnai and... [to full text]
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Jasinskienė, Inga. "Prienų rajono saugomų ir rekreacinių teritorijų tvarkymas ir naudojimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140616_103733-03937.

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Tyrimo tikslas yra išanalizuoti Prienų rajono saugomų ir rekreacinių teritorijų tvarkymą ir naudojimą, aptarti, kuo unikalus šis rajonas. Tyrimo objektas yra Prienų rajono saugomos ir rekreacinės teritorijos. Tyrimo uţdaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti Prienų rajono saugomų ir rekreacinių teritorijų infrastruktūros pritaikymą. 2. Aptarti Prienų rajono turizmo galimybes. 3. Atlikti anketinę apklausą, siekiant įvertinti saugomų teritorijų problemas, būklę bei nustatyti saugomų teritorijų rinkimų aktualumą. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimui atlikti taikomi literatūros šaltinių analizės, statistinių duomenų analizės ir anketinės apklausos metodai. Siekiant ištirti saugomų ir rekreacinių teritorijų planavimą, saugojimą ir naudojimą, atlikta Prienų rajono saugomų teritorijų analizė, aptarta rekreacinės teritorijos. Pateikiami anketinės apklausos rezultatai. Tyrimo rezultatai: * pirmoje dalyje išsamiai išanalizuotos Prienų rajono saugomos teritorijos; * antroje dalyje aptartos turizmo galimybės, išanalizuota Prienų rajono dvarų duomenų bazė, nustatyta, kad 70 proc. rajono dvarų nėra naudojami, rekonstruota tik Daugšiagirės buvusi dvaro sodyba, atskleisti rajono unikalūs poţymiai: aukščiausias Lietuvos maumedis, dvikamienis ąţuolas, 46 saugomos teritorijos ir kt.; * trečioje dalyje atlikta anketinė apklausa, pagal apklausos duomenis nustatytos saugomų teritorijų problemos, lankymosi prieţastys, nustatyta geriausių saugomų teritorijų rinkimų būtinumas ir vertinimo kriterijai. Pagrindinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The purpose of research is to analyse the clearing and usage of the protected and recreational territories in Prienai district and discuss wherewith this district is unique. The subject of research is protected and recreational territories in Prienai district. The tasks of research: 1. To analyse the infrastructure adjustment of protected and recreational territories in Prienai district. 2. To discuss the tourism facilities in Prienai district. 3. To accomplish the survey seeking to evaluate the problems of protected territories, conditions and identify the relevance of protected territories selection. The methodology of research: Accomplish the research there were used methods of literature sources analysis, statistical data analysis and questionnaire survey analysis. Seeking to investigate the planning, protection and usage of protected and recreational territories, there were accomplished Prienai district protected terrritories analysis, discussed recreational territories. There is presented the results of questionnaire survey – protected territories vacationing approach to these territories and possibility to arrange protected territories selection. The results of research: ● There were thoroughly analysed Prienai district protected territories in the first part of work; ● In the second part of work, there was discussed tourism facilities, analysed Prienai district basis of estate data, it was revealed, that 70 percent district‘s estates are not used, only... [to full text]
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24

Viidas, Isabelle, and Löfving Johan Nauclér. "Det Personliga museet : Känslomässigt engagemang genom interaktion i museer." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18094.

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Detta kandidatarbete undersöker hur interaktiv teknologi kan användas för att förmedla kulturarv genom att förstärka en utställning i ett museikontext. Med samhällets växande digitalisering kommer en möjlighet för museer att erbjuda nya upplevelser med mervärde utöver fakta och bilder. För att ta till vara på denna digitalisering har vi valt att undersöka de möjligheter nya medier har för att förstärka en galjonsfigur samt lägga fokus på känslomässiga aspekter av en upplevelse. Med stöd i tidigare forskning och ett designetnografiskt perspektiv har vi framställt en gestaltning som förslag på hur en kan förstärka en utställning i ett museikontext. Denna gestaltning bygger på projektion, gestkontroller och mikroelektronik. Undersökningen erbjuder ett perspektiv på användningen av interaktiv teknologi i kultursektorn och öppnar upp för vidare diskussion och studier.
This bachelor thesis examines how interactive technologies can be used to convey cultural heritage by enhancing an exhibition in a museum context. Following the growing digitalization of society, an opportunity arises for museums to offer new experiences with added value besides facts and pictures. In order to take advantage of this digitalization, we have chosen to explore possibilities for new media to enhance a figurehead exhibition and focus on emotional aspects of the experience. Supported in previous research and a design ethnographic perspective, we have presented a design product as a proposal for how one can enhance an exhibition in a museum context. This design product is based on projection, gesture controls and microelectronics. This bachelor thesis offers a perspective on the use of interactive technology in the cultural sector and opens up for further discussion and investigation.
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Andreozzi, Michele. "Seismic protection of buildings of historical/cultural interest through the use of vibrating barriers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Recent earthquake events pointed out the problematic of protecting existing buildings from the catastrophic effects of earthquakes. The current strategies for vibration are successfully employed in the design of new structures; on the other hand, they are rarely used for protecting existing buildings, because they generally require substantial alteration of the original structure. In this thesis, a novel device called vibrating barrier, (ViBa), is implemented for the seismic protection of an historical building: the Bell Tower of the Messina Cathedral. This device is able to reduce the dynamic response of a target building without being physically connected to it. The dynamic behaviour of the system has been studied through the construction of a detailed FE Model that allowed to derive the response of the structure and to study the existing influences between the buildings and the effect of the soil. Hence, a simplified mathematical model has been constructed, and the pertinent parameters have been computed by the employment of an Identification Process. Moreover, the mechanical parameters of the ViBa have been derived through an Optimization Process in order to reduce a selected response parameter of the bell tower, under an input ground motion modelled as Gaussian Stochastic Process compatible with the Messina response spectrum. Hence, parametric analyses have been carried out in order to investigate the influence of the mass of the device on the efficiency. Spectrum-compatible artificial accelerograms have been generated and a significant average reduction of the maximum displacements of 25% has been achieved, together with a decrease of 40% of the shear forces in the bell tower. Due to large masses involved, alternative solutions have been proposed against the problems related to a real-life implementation of the device, and the beneficial effects given by the coupling of the ViBa with a set of mechanical inerters have been demonstrated.
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26

Saur, Angelica. "Skuggad terrängmodell och historiska kartor : Identifiering av forn- och kulturhistoriska lämningar i skogsmark." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76255.

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Forestry has major negative effect with damage on cultural heritage in forest land. To avoid this, forestry needs to find new methods to search for and identify remains. In this study it was examined if shaded terrain models and historical maps could be used to identify ancient and cultural heritage in forest land. A field inventory was conducted to compare the cultural heritage objects identified in the digital maps with those found in the forest. The result showed that it is possible to identify ancient and cultural heritage using shaded terrain models and historical maps. 8 of the identified objects were also identified in field as real remnants. In historical maps, two remains were interpreted and identified, one of which was also identified in shaded terrain model. The conclusion was that shaded terrain model is an uncertain method to use, but together with other data it can be helpful to find cultural heritage. Forestry has major negative effect with damage on cultural heritage in forest land. To avoid this, forestry needs to find new methods to search for and identify remains. In this study it was examined if shaded terrain models and historical maps could be used to identify ancient and cultural heritage in forest land. A field inventory was conducted to compare the cultural heritage objects identified in the digital maps with those found in the forest. The result showed that it is possible to identify ancient and cultural heritage using shaded terrain models and historical maps. 8 of the identified objects were also identified in field as real remnants. In historical maps, two remains were interpreted and identified, one of which was also identified in shaded terrain model. The conclusion was that shaded terrain model is an uncertain method to use, but together with other data it can be helpful to find cultural heritage.
Forn- och kulturlämningar är historiska spår från våra förfäder och som till stor del återfinns i våra skogar. Skogsbrukets framfart har visat sig ha en stor negativ påverkan på lämningarna. SCA, Länsstyrelsen, Skogsstyrelsen och andra skogliga bolag har år 2020 satt upp en nollvision, inga forn- och kulturlämningar ska skadas. För att uppnå detta behöver skogsbruket hitta nya metoder för att söka ut och identifiera lämningar.   I denna studie utfördes en analys av skuggad terrängmodell och historiska kartor för att undersöka om det är möjligt att identifiera forn- och kulturlämningar i skogsmark. Efter analysen utfördes en fältinventering för att fastställa om de tolkade lämningarna var verkliga lämningar och vilka lämningstyper det i så fall var. Studien avgränsades till trakter i Västernorrland och till lämningstyperna; fångstgrop, kolbotten, tjärdal, röse, stenmur, stig och husgrund.   Resultatet visar att det är möjligt att identifiera forn- och kulturlämningar med hjälp av skuggad terrängmodell och historiska kartor. 8 av de tolkade lämningarna identifierades som verkliga lämningar. I historiska kartor tolkades och identifierades 2 lämningar, varav en även var identifierade i skuggad terrängmodell. Slutsatsen blev att enbart använda sig av skuggad terrängmodell för identifiering av forn- och kulturlämningar bedömdes vara en osäker metod i sig, men som komplement till andra data kan det vara en hjälp för att identifiera lämningar.
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Argérus, Simon, and Sebastian Dimitrakis. "Moderniseringar av tekniska installationer i kulturhistoriskt värdefulla byggnader." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23913.

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Studien undersöker om behovsstyrning av inomhusbelysning, ventilationssystem och värmesy- stem är ett effektivt sätt att modernisera kulturhistoriskt värdefulla byggnader. Moderniseringen ska vidare kunna ske utan att förändringen inskränker på byggnadernas individuella bevaran- dekrav. Undersökningen har genomförts på tre byggnader i Lunds kommuns fastighetsbestånd. Byggnaderna som ingår i studien är Ekska huset som uppfördes år 1823, Lunds konsthall som uppfördes år 1956 och Vårfruskolan som byggdes år 1868. Samtliga byggnader innehar ett kul- turhistoriskt värde.Intervjuer med specialister inom byggnadsbevarande, el, ventilation och värme har genomförts för att skapa en förståelse för respektive ämne. Insamlat teoretiskt material har legat till grund för de frågeställningar vi tagit med till intervjuerna. Specialisternas djupgående kunskap och mångåriga erfarenheter har varit nyckeln i analysen av det teoretiska materialet. De förslag på moderniseringar som är framtagna genom studien grundas sammantaget såväl i tidigare forsk- ning som verkliga erfarenheter.Den teknik som används för att behovsstyra olika installationer är fysiskt liten och kan ofta installeras på befintliga installationer. Detta innebär att energieffektiviseringar kan uppnås utan större synliga ingrepp på byggnaderna. Behovsstyrning av installationerna kan därför imple- menteras utan att inskränka på kulturhistoriskt värdefulla byggnaders bevarandekrav.En större mängd styrteknik kan medföra stora energibesparingar. Samtidigt kan modernisering- arna resultera i ökade investerings-, drift- och underhållskostnader. Individuella bedömningar avgör därför hur mycket teknik som är ekonomiskt lönsamt att installera för varje specifik byggnad.
This thesis explores whether, demand-controlled lighting, ventilation and heating is an effective way of modernizing buildings with cultural heritage values. Furthermore, the possibility of modernizing the buildings should not interfere with the individual conservation requirements.A survey has been carried out on three buildings of cultural importance in Lund. The buildings included in the study are Ekska huset built in 1823, Lunds konsthall built in 1956 and Vårfrus- kolan built in 1868.Specialists within the building conservation, electricity, ventilation and heating sectors have been interviewed for the purpose of creating an understanding of the respective subjects. Gath- ered theoretical material has provided the basis for the questions during the interviews. The in- depth knowledge and multiple years of professional experience of the interviewees has been the key in analyzing the theoretical material. The proposals for modernization that have been brought forward through the study is founded in prior research as well as real experiences.The technology used to control the different installations on demand, are physically small and can often be implemented on existing systems. This means that energy efficiency can be achieved without greater visible intervention to the buildings. Demand controlled installations can therefore be implemented without interfering with the conservation requirements of build- ings with a cultural heritage value.A greater amount of control technology can contribute to greater energy savings. However, modernizations can result in increased investment, operating and maintenance costs. Individual assessments therefore determine how much technology is financially beneficial to install for each specific building.
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28

Dahlvik, Linn, and Sandra Öster. "Underlag för utformning av nybyggnation i kulturmiljö : En fallstudie i Strömsbro, Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30897.

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Idag förekommer bostadsbrist i flera delar av landet. Förtätning kan vara en strategi för att motarbeta bostadsbristen. I miljöer där kulturvärden uppträder finns en viss känslighet för exploatering. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förtätning på en fastighet kan anpassas till omkringliggande kulturmiljö och samtidigt bidra till god livskvalitet. Målet är att ta fram kriterier för nybyggnation i kulturmiljö som kan användas som underlag vid exploatering. Ett gestaltningsförslag tas också fram som grundas på de framtagna kriterierna. Arbetet är avgränsat till Strömsbro, Gävle och studien har exemplifierats på fastigheten Strömsbro 37:2 som är lokaliserad i området. För att analysera områdets kulturhistoriska värden och ta fram framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter har DIVE använts som metod. Den utförs i fyra steg: beskriva, tolka, värdera och aktivera/möjliggöra. I analysmetoden har platsbesök och inventering genomförts för att skapa en uppfattning om området och för att identifiera värden. Intervjuer och enkätundersökning har också varit en del av analysen och bidragit till identifiering av värden, förståelse för platsens identitet och för att ta fram möjliga utvecklingar av området. En volymstudie har utförts och ligger till grund för planering av nybyggnation. Beräkning av volymer och exploateringstal i den omkringliggande miljön har tagit fram värden som använts som riktlinjer. Arbetet har tagit fram ett gestaltningsförslag av attraktiva bostäder med hänsyn till kulturhistoriska värden. Gestaltningsförslaget resulterade i två lägenhetshus, ett radhus och en komplementbyggnad som följer traditionell utformning med moderna detaljer. Det framtagna resultatet kan inte representera allas åsikter om bevarande av kulturmiljö, eftersom åsikter och erfarenheter är subjektivt. Subjektiviteten kan uppröra medborgare av den orsaken att kulturmiljö är ett känsligt ämne. Därför bör medborgare involveras i ett tidigt skede av planeringen. Egenskaper i den fysiska miljön som är viktiga vid planering av nybyggnation i kulturmiljö är färgsättning, material, placering av bebyggelse, gatustruktur, taktyp och höjdskala. Dessa kan värderas genom DIVE-analysen. Volymer och exploateringstal är också värdefulla i den fysiska miljön och är viktiga att beakta för att inte påverka kulturmiljön. Gestaltningsförslaget i studien visar hur nybyggnation kan implementeras i kulturmiljö med avseende till framtagna kriterier för att minska inverkan på värdefulla karaktärsdrag.
Today residential shortage occurs in several municipalities in Sweden. Densification could be a strategy to solve this problem. Areas where cultural heritage exists are vulnerable to new construction. The aim of this study is to examine how densification on a property could adapt to the surrounding cultural heritage and contribute to good quality of life. The objective is to form criteria for new housing in a cultural heritage environment as a foundation of exploitation. A visualization proposal has also been designed by the criteria. The study is delimited to Strömsbro in Gävle, Sweden and have been exemplified at the property Strömsbro 37:2 that is located in the area.   The method DIVE has been used to analyze cultural heritage values and to demonstrate future development opportunities. The DIVE-analysis is performed in four steps: Describe, Interpret, Valuate, and Enable. By performing site visits and inventory in the analysis, values have been identified and a perception over the area have been obtained. Interviews and questionnaires have also been a part of the analysis and have contributed to identification of values, to understand the sense of place and to clarify possible developments. Building volumes have been studied as another method of this thesis. Calculations of volumes and floor area ratio of the surrounding environment have provided guidelines for the visualization.   The work resulted in a design proposal of attractive new dwellings, considering the cultural heritage values and seclusion to reduce unwanted observation to create better qualities of life. The design proposal resulted in two apartment buildings, one townhouse and one complementary building that pursue traditional formation with modern details.  The result can not represent everyone’s opinion regarding cultural preservation. Cultural heritage is a sensitive subject and citizens might get upset with the result. Residents should therefore be involved in an early stage of planning.  Physical qualities that are important when planning for new housing in a cultural environment are coloring, material, building placement, street network, roofing and height scale. Volumes and floor area ratio are also important in the physical environment. The design proposal in this study shows how new housing could be implemented in a cultural district regarding the criteria.
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29

Chorošilova, Ginaitaitė Kristina. "Šiaulių apskrities kraštovaizdžio vertybių tvarkymas ir organizavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070808.112315-02255.

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Natūralus gamtinis kraštovaizdis dažnai yra naikinamas, keičiamas, arba sukuriamas naujas kultūrinis kraštovaizdis. Esant tokiai situacijai, būtina išsaugoti teritorijas, turinčias ekologinę, socialinę bei kultūrinę reikšmę. Įvertinta Šiaulių apskrityje esančių kraštovaizdžio vertybių naudojimo ir apsaugos sistema bei jų tvarkymo organizavimas. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad problematiškiausios yra kultūros paveldo ir gamtos vertybių teritorijos. Vykstant žemės grąžinimo procesams, savavališkų statybų invazijai, dėl žmonių žemo ekologinės savimonės lygio, šios teritorijos gali prarasti vertybinį funkcionavimo pagrindą, skatinti didesnę ar mažesnę natūralaus kraštovaizdžio biodegradaciją. Norint apsaugoti kraštovaizdžio vertybių kultūrinę vertę, sustabdyti gamtinio kraštovaizdžio nykimą gamtinio karkaso bei saugomose teritorijose, atliekamas Šiaulių apskrities generalinio plano koncepcijos strateginių pasekmių vertinimas; rengiami saugomų teritorijų planavimo dokumentai; kompleksiškai organizuojama saugomų teritorijų priežiūra; vykdomi NATURA 2000 saugomų teritorijų tinklo gamtotvarkiniai projektai.
Natural landscape very often is being destroyed, replaced or created as a new cultural landscape. In such a situation it is very important to preserve areas, which has got it’s own ecological, social and cultural significance. The main purpose of this work is to estimate the valuable landscape’s, located in Šiauliai district, usage, protection system and how it’s regulation is being organized. As results of the analysis show, the biggest problems meet cultural heritage and valuable natural areas. While land rehabilitation is being in progress, illegal building is being held, because of people misbehavior, these areas may loose they own natural values, bigger or smaller natural landscape destruction may began. Trying to protect natural landscape’s cultural values, stop its disappearance and destruction in natural frame and conservation areas, general (long term) plan concept ional strategies consequences in Šiauliai district estimation is being held, conservation areas planning documents being created, conservation areas completed supervision being organized, NATURA 2000 conservation area’s network landscape management projects being arranged.
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30

Dickinson, Joan Ivers. "The effects of visual barriers on the exiting behavior of residents in a dementia care facility." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192009-040501/.

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31

Axelsson, Johanna, and Stefania Lacalendola. "Kulturarvets själ och karaktär jämlik för alla : en studie om till- och frångänglighet i Kalmar residens." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76430.

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Detta arbete har genomförts för att visa att det går att kombinera tillgänglighet och frångänglighetslösningar i ett skyddat kulturminne, i detta fall just Kalmar residens, utan att förvanska byggnaden.  Arbetet utfördes som en fallstudie. Genom att studera lagar, förordningar och regler samt intervjua sakkunniga och jämföra lösningar på andra byggnadsminnen skall residenset bli tillgängligt. Målet med detta arbete är att leverera ett lösningsförslag. Förslaget skall också kunna användas som inspiration till framtida projekteringar av liknande komplexa slag.  Studien resulterade i att det finns behov av mer lagar samt regler om frångänglighet och att tillgänglighet är en aspekt som borde tas mer hänsyn till i kulturarvsbyggnader. Det är viktigt att alla skall kunna ta del av samhället på samma villkor.
This analysis has been conducted to show that it is possible to combine accessibility, accessible evacuation and cultural heritage buildings, in this case especially Kalmar residence, without distorting the building.  The study was performed as a case study. By studying laws, regulations and rules as well as interviewing experts and comparing solutions with other buildings, the residence will become accessible. The aim of this work is to deliver a solution proposal. This proposal should also be used as an inspiration for future projects of similar complex types.  The study has come to the conclusion that there is a need for more laws and rules on accessible evacuation and that accessibility is an aspect that should be taken more into consideration in cultural heritage buildings. It is important that everyone can take part in society on an equal basis.
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32

Sousa, Ana Teresa Graça de. "O conjunto abaluartado de Évora: proposta de salvaguarda e valorização." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12324.

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A presente dissertação de mestrado visa dar a conhecer o sistema abaluartado construído no período moderno na cidade de Évora, que sucedeu aos seus anteriores recintos defensivos. Partindo da análise do sistema abaluartado europeu, que compreende diversas fases, é contextualizado o caso português e os paradigmas em torno da evolução deste sistema nesta urbe alentejana, salientando-se a importância da engenharia e da arquitetura militares no período moderno. É apresentada uma proposta de salvaguarda e valorização do Conjunto em termos construtivos e paisagísticos, de acordo com a legislação vigente em Portugal e com as recomendações definidas internacionalmente. Para a sua valorização propõe-se um conjunto de ações, das quais destacamos a criação de um Centro Interpretativo, onde se prevê integrar várias exposições relacionadas com esta temática, uma reconstrução do conjunto em 3D, a sugestão de passeios pedestres e a realização de uma rota de fortificações abaluartadas no Alentejo, partindo de Évora; ### Abstract: This master thesis aims to make know the bulwark system in the fortification of Evora, built in the modern period, in relationship with the previous defensive systems of the city. Based on the analysis of the bastion system in Europe, comprising its various stages, the Portuguese case is contextualized, as the models that influenced the projects to Evora, stressing the importance of military engineering and architecture in the modern period. The thesis presents a Proposal to safeguard and valorization of the entire system in terms of construction and landscaping, according with Portuguese legislation and recommendations, in an international level in the domain. To the valorization of the entirety bulwark system are proposed some actions, specially the creation of and Interpretation Centre with various exhibitions related to the system itself, a 3D reconstruction of the bulwarks, and the realization of walks along the built space. We also propose the development of a Route through Alentejo in relationship with fortifications of the both side of frontier (Portugal and Spain).
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Yang, Jin Rong. "The Application of Fuzzy Logic and Virtual Reality in the Study of Ancient Methods and Materials Used for the Construction of the Great Wall of China in Jinshanling." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu152410262072719.

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34

Bose, Saptak. "An integrated approach encompassing point cloud manipulation and 3D modeling for HBIM establishment: a case of study." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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In the case of Cultural Heritage buildings, the need for an effective, exhaustive, efficient method to replicate its state of being in an interactive, three-dimensional environment is today, of paramount importance, both from an engineering as well as a historical point of view. Modern geomatics entails the usage of Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) and photogrammetric modelling from Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques to initiate this modelling operation. To realize its eventual existence, the novel Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) technique is implemented. A prototype library of parametric objects, based on historic architectural data, HBIM allows the generation of an all-encompassing, three-dimensional model which possesses an extensive array of information pertaining to the structure at hand. This information, be it geometric, architectural, or even structural, can then be used to realize reinforcement requirements, rehabilitation needs, stage of depreciation, method of initial construction, material makeup, historic alterations, etc. In this paper, the study of the San Michele in Acerboli’s church, located in Santarcangelo di Romagna, Italy, is considered. A HBIM model is prepared and its accuracy analyzed. The final model serves as an information repository for the aforementioned Church, able to geometrically define its finest characteristics.
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35

Dagnäs, Klara. "Tillgänglighetens påverkan på kulturvärden i statliga byggnadsminnen." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63272.

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There is a great determination towards an increased accessibility in today’s society.  This creates some problems, when the building in question is a historic building of cultural significance, due to legislations and protective regulations. This thesis is executed as research for The National Property Board Sweden (SFV), who deals with these kinds of difficulties daily. The objective of this theses was to explore the influence of accessibility adaptation on cultural values in historic buildings from the 19th century, with a focus on doorways. The aim is also to identify possible faults and weaknesses that could cause a loss in cultural values. The study is based on a literature review and observations of eight doorways in the historical buildings Gamla Riksarkivet, Kungliga Operan, Linneanum and Uppsala Universitetshus. For each doorway actions and procedures have been identified and categorized based on the affected cultural values using two different evaluation models. The visual changes are, according to the result, the most frequent reason behind the affected cultural values that has been studied. The increase in social reforms and legislation about accessibility are the result of a changing society that has altered its preceptions of disabilities. This could be traced back as one of the major reasons that might be behind the loss of cultural values. Accessible environments are important, we should however consider that the cultural heritage is poorly accessible for a reason. It has been discovered that the studied archive files and documents have a lack of information, what actions and procedures the building had endured are vague. The amount of details explaining the procedures and justification of the actions are also limited, especially in the permit applications from SFV and its resolve from RAÄ. In order to facilitate the issue of how the legislation for accessibility and cultural values should ​​be interpreted, policy documents of how the laws should relate to each other are required.
I dagens samhälle finns en stark drivkraft för att göra samhället så tillgängligt som möjligt för människor med olika funktionsnedsättningar. Det skapar en problematik när det kommer till Sveriges kulturarv, som skyddas av olika lagar, förordningar och skyddsföreskrifter. Arbetet utfördes åt statens fastighetsverk, som är en av Sveriges största myndigheter, vad gäller förvaltning av kulturfastigheter och dagligen brottas med denna problematik. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur kulturvärden i dörrmiljöer hos statliga byggnadsminnen från 1800-talet påverkas i samband med åtgärder för att förbättra tillgängligheten. Målet var även att identifiera eventuella brister eller oväntade anledningar till att kulturvärden kan gå förlorade. Studien grundas på dokument- och fallstudier, som genomförts på totalt åtta dörrmiljöer i byggnaderna Gamla Riksarkivet, Kungliga Operan, Linneanum och Uppsala Universitetshus. För varje dörrmiljö har åtgärder och ingrepp som utförts identifierats. Därefter har en värdering och tolkning genomförts, utifrån två olika värderingsmodeller, av vilka kulturvärden som påverkats. Resultatet visar, att det är de visuella förändringarna, som påverkat kulturvärdena hos dörrmiljöerna i de flesta fall. Förändringarna i samhället och vår uppfattning av funktionsnedsättningar har drivit igenom de sociala reformer, som ursprungligen lett till förlusterna av kulturvärden. Samtidigt som tillgänglighet är en viktig fråga, bör vi ta hänsyn till faktumet att kulturarvet är dåligt anpassat för funktionshindrade av en anledning. I dokumentation och arkivhandlingar, som studerats, finns en tydlig brist kring vilka ingrepp som genomförts på byggnaderna sedan dess uppförande. Det är även en mycket låg detaljeringsnivå på de förklaringar och motiveringar, som finns i de tillståndsansökningar och beslut, som studerats från SFV och RAÄ. För att underlätta problematiken kring hur lagstiftningen för tillgänglighet och kulturvärden tolkas, bör bestämmelser och styrdokument för hur de olika lagstiftningarna ska förhålla sig till varandra tas fram.
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36

Aldaher, Sébastien. "An Attempt to Set A design Base for post-conflict housing in the historic core of Homs, Syria." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44261.

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The built environment in the old city of Homs has been brutally destroyed by the conflict in Syria. The research gap in post-conflict planning and architectural design in the old city of Homs is alarming as it indicates that there are no clear roadmaps on how to deal with post-conflict housing units in such a historic area. This study aims to investigate the possible design basis of housing typologies and plans for the housing units in the old city after the conflict. This study is primarily based on a literature review and extensive discussions with a specialist architect from the city of Homs, who helped to gain a deeper understanding of how to approach such a topic. The literature review deals with the historical Arab cities’ components and the elements of courtyard houses both in general and in the old city of Homs in particular. Likewise, it looks at the city’s urban plans and building code and their shortcomings and highlights the current conditions there. It also highlights proposed strategies for post-conflict construction and discusses them. The findings of the study propose a design ideology for reconstruction strategies and translate these ideologies and findings from the literature into a practical design of typologies placed on a proposed plot of land in the old city, along with a proposal of what the plans of these houses might look like.
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37

Concha, Lozano Nicolas. "Compatibilité et durabilité des pierres de substitutions dans les monuments. Aspects physicochimiques et visuels." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739689.

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La conservation des monuments implique fréquemment une étape de substitution des parties dégradées par des pierres de tailles neuves. Cependant, la pierre d'origine est souvent indisponible, ce qui soulève la question du choix d'une pierre de remplacement compatible. La question de la compatibilité de la pierre est abordée à travers une démarche transversale considérant à la fois des critères physicochimiques et des critères d'aspect visuels. Les objectifs principaux ont été d'une part l'identification les mécanismes d'altération les plus impactants en termes de changement de couleur et d'autre part, la prise en compte du contexte visuel sur la compatibilité esthétique des matériaux de remplacement. L'étude porte sur un calcaire oolitique échantillonnée en carrière et sur des monuments bâtis à différentes époques. Il résulte que les lichens endolithiques ont un effet déterminant sur la durabilité et l'aspect à long terme de la pierre via un mécanisme protecteur d'imperméabilisation de la surface. Concernant l'aspect visuel, une méthode est proposée pour mesurer la gamme de couleur acceptable dans un monument à l'aide d'un test psychovisuel. Pour cela, une chaine de traitement d'image depuis l'acquisition jusqu'à l'affichage a été mise au point pour simuler des remplacements virtuels à partir d'images colorimetriquement calibrées. A partir d'un panel d'observateurs, un protocole de test a été conçu pour identifier la gamme de couleur indiscernable au sein d'une façade de monument. La discussion s'appuie sur des résultats préliminaires concernant la muraille de la cité médiévale d'Aigues-Mortes.
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38

Landrieu, Jeremie. "Apport des réalités virtuelles et augmentées dans la planification et le suivi in situ de travaux de rénovation." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00936702.

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Ce mémoire de thèse de doctorat présente l'évaluation d'un système de réalité mixte dans le cadre d'une utilisation sur le site d'opération de construction. Il s'agit notamment de déterminer la pertinence d'un tel outil mobile pour des opérateurs pour les assister dans leurs tâches quotidiennes, et notamment dans la préparation et le suivi des opérations de construction ou rénovation. Cet outil se voudrait être un outil d'aide à la décision pour les maîtres d'ouvrages et maîtres d'œuvre. Le cas d'étude porte sur la rénovation virtuelle des baies anciennes (datées du XVIIIème siècle) dans une cellule des bâtiments conventuels de Cluny (Saône et Loire, France). L'approche consiste à comparer l'efficacité, la précision et la rapidité d'opérateurs dans la réalisation de tâches identiques. Trois méthodes liées à l'utilisation des nouvelles technologies dans le domaine de l'AIC (Architecture Ingénierie et Construction) sont comparées, elles ont guidé la définition du protocole expérimental. La première méthode traditionnelle fournit à l'opérateur de la documentation papier. La seconde met en œuvre la dématérialisation des données constructives, accessibles depuis un ordinateur de bureau. La troisième méthode plus innovante ajoute à la précédente l'accès colocalisé à la base de données grâce à un terminal mobile. Une étude qui a suivi a porté sur la visualisation et l'interprétation de résultats de simulation thermique, en réalité virtuelle. La comparaison des trois premières méthodes a donné lieu à une première expérimentation dont les résultats ont montré la légère prédominance du second scénario (travail sur ordinateur de bureau). Cependant, au-delà des aspects d'ergonomie et d'interface utilisateur, des investigations complémentaires doivent être menées pour étudier l'opportunité du développement du BIM in situ, c'est-à-dire l'utilisation du modèle de données du bâtiment (BIM- Building Information Model) sur le chantier.
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39

Pinto, Tatiane Ribas. "Limites impostos pela bioética e pelo direito brasileiro à manipulação genética na reprodução humana assistida." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10754.

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O presente trabalho aborda a questão da preocupação surgida em torno da manipulação do genoma humano especialmente no que tange às práticas de engenharia genética na reprodução assistida e decorrente necessidade de proteção do patrimônio genético humano para as futuras gerações. Nesse sentido analisa-se a evolução do conhecimento científico até as biotecnologias de modificação genética atentando-se para o afastamento entre a ciência e a ética por conta do paradigma dominante e a busca bioética por sua reaproximação. Avalia-se ademais a função dos princípios para servirem de guias ao agir humano em face das novas possibilidades de sua intervenção que não mais está adstrita à natureza alcançando o próprio homem. Discorre-se sobre a importância das declarações e documentos internacionais e também acerca da indispensabilidade do Direito enquanto ferramenta apta a regular as pesquisas e as aplicações biotecnológicas principalmente quando voltadas para o ser humano. A questão do tratamento jurídico pelo ordenamento brasileiro é abordada para se demonstrar o vácuo legislativo acerca das práticas de reprodução humana assistida e as possíveis decorrências dessa omissão bem como as limitações legais em torno das possibilidades de engenharia genética sobre a constituição genotípica do ser gerado mediante essas técnicas. Todo o trabalho tem como norte os princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana da sua vulnerabilidade enquanto condição e a ética da responsabilidade, com vistas para a proteção do direito fundamental ao patrimônio genético humano cujo titular é a Humanidade presente e futura.
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40

Marcon, Bertrand. "Hygromécanique des panneaux en bois et conservation du patrimoine culturel : des pathologies... aux outils pour la conservation." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704301.

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Jusqu'à la fin de la Renaissance le bois est resté le principal support pour la peinture, grâce à ses caractéristiques de relative légèreté, sa facilité de mise en œuvre, sa résistance mécanique (résistance spécifique du peuplier comparable à celle de l'acier), et sa durabilité dans le temps. Outre les aspects historico-artistiques des diverses œuvres, les problèmes techniques liés à la conservation et à la restauration des peintures sur bois sont restées - jusqu'à des temps récents - quasi secrets, par les ateliers de restauration. Depuis peu, ces derniers ont reconnu la nécessité d'une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu et travaillent maintenant en relation avec les scientifiques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse deux approches ont été envisagées. D'une part se trouve le dialogue avec les artisans de la restauration et de la conservation et la formulation de leurs attentes dans le but de leur proposer des solutions en adéquation avec leur besoin. D'autre part, les phénomènes à appréhender sont très complexes ce qui justifie en parallèle le développement d'outils spécifiques prenant en compte la mécanique des structures, l'humidité et les caractéristiques spécifiques du matériau bois. Un des objectifs est la prédiction du comportement des tableaux à long terme de par l'étude de leur état par le suivi de comportement in-situ par l'appareillage (mesures non destructives, éventuellement sans contact : mesures optiques) des tableaux en exposition ou de répliques. Pour cela, il a été nécessaire de développer des essais de caractérisation, des modèles de comportement matériau spécifiques au bois et de technique de couplage de codes ou de méthodes numériques dédiées pour simuler les couplages de structure et de matériau dans ce type de problématique. Les applications de cette étude ont porté sur l'analyse et la prédiction du comportement de la Monna Lisa [del Giocondo], le Couronnement d'épines de l'église saint-Didier en Avignon et de diverses techniques récentes de restauration (châssis à ressorts, par exemple).
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Siriwardhana, Siriwardhana Jathunge Dharshana Samantha. "Introducing of Small Scale Waste to Energy Incineration Plantfor Hotel; Heritance Ahungalla in Ahungalla, Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232335.

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The disposal of Solid Waste has become one of the major environmental issues in SriLanka. Solid waste is often cited as a key cause contributing to environmental degradation.Rapid industrialization and unplanned urbanization has made Asian cities a victim of unmanageablesolid waste. Most of Urban Cities of Sri Lanka, are facing the same problemand still no proper solution has been introduced by the governing parties other than opendumping, which is again generating a huge problem among people, who are living aroundthe area. Balaptiya, where is in down south of Sri Lanka, is one of the urban cities of SriLanka and their daily waste generation is around 5500 kg, which is collected by BalapitiyaLocal Authority and sent to the open dump site at Heenatiya. This city is very popular fortourism as it is in between very famous tourism cities of Bentota and Hikkaduwa. Therecan be seen so many hotels around the city. Among them, Hotel Heritance Ahungalla,which is one of the five star’s hotels in Sri Lanka, locates within Balapitiya Local Authority.Their waste generation is about 600 kg per day.This study is mainly focusing on introducing small scale solid waste incinerator for Municipalsolid waste collected within Balapitiya Local Authority and Hotel Heritance Ahungalle.Hotel Heritance Ahungalla locates down south of the country and is facilitating 152 standardrooms for their guests. The daily hot water requirement is 30 m3, which is currentlysupplying by an oil fired boiler, which monthly running cost is exceeding LKR 1.2 million,for the room usage as well as cloths drying purposes. The waste heat generated by the proposedincinerator is planned to be used to generate saturated steam, while keeping the oilfired boiler in standby condition. Ultimately, this will save the money spending for the fuelfor the oil fired boiler.In this study, the capacity of incineration plant was optimized to 335kg/hr, which is containingof about 837.5 kW of gross energy, by calculating of available solid waste amountfrom the hotel as well as local authority and adding percentage increment forecasting of future.Accordingly, the size of the furnace was calculated. Finally, burning of this solidwaste will help to produce 3.7 tons/hr of saturated steam, which will meet the hotel dailysteam requirement.
Avyttringen av fast avfall har blivit en av de stora miljöfrågorna i Sri Lanka. Fast avfall är oftanämnt som en viktig orsak som bidrar till miljöförstöring. Snabb industrialisering och oplaneradurbanisering har gjort de asiatiska städerna offer för oorganiserat fast avfall. De flesta städer i SriLanka står inför samma problem och fortfarande har ingen riktig lösning införts av de andraregeringspartierna än öppen dumpning, vilket återigen genererar ett stort problem bland människorsom bor runt området. Balaptiya, som ligger i söder om Sri Lanka, är en av städerna i Sri Lanka ochderas dagliga avfallsproduktion är cirka 5500 kg, som samlas in av Balapitiya Local Authority ochskickas till den öppna dumpningsplatsen i Heenatiya. Den här staden är väldigt populär förturismen eftersom den ligger mellan de mycket kända turismstäderna Bentota och Hikkaduwa. Detfinns många hotell runt staden. Bland dem ligger Hotel Heritance Ahungalla, som är ett av defemstjärniga hotellen i Sri Lanka, lokaliserat inom Balapitiya Local Authority. Derasavfallsgeneration är ca 600 kg per dag.Denna studie fokuserar huvudsakligen på att introducera en småskalig förbränningsanläggning förkommunalt fast avfall som har samlats inom Balapitiya Local Authority och Hotel HeritanceAhungalle. Hotel Heritance Ahungalla är lokaliserat söder om landsbygden och har 152 rum. Detdagliga varmvattenbehovet är 30 m3, som för närvarande levereras med hjälp av en oljeeldad panna,vars månadsrörelsekostnad överstiger 1,2 miljoner LKR, för rumsanvändning och torkduk.Avfallsvärmen som genereras av den föreslagna förbränningsanordningen är planerad att användasför att generera mättad ånga, samtidigt som den oljeeldade pannan hålls i standby-läge. I slutändankommer detta att spara pengar, bränsleförbrukningen i den oljeeldade pannan minskar.I denna studie optimerades förbränningsanläggningens kapacitet till 335 kg/h, vilket innehöll cirka837,5 kW bruttoenergi, genom att beräkna tillgänglig mängd avfall från hotellet och kommunen,och lägga till procentuell prognostisering av framtida avfallsmängd. Därefter beräknades storlekenpå ugnen. Förbränning av detta fasta avfall kommer att bidra till att producera 3,7 ton/timmemättad ånga, vilket kommer att uppfylla hotellets dagliga ångkrav.
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42

Massafra, Angelo. "La modellazione parametrica per la valutazione degli stati deformativi delle capriate lignee con approccio HBIM. Evoluzione della fabbrica e della copertura del teatro comunale di Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Il lavoro di tesi si colloca in un ampio protocollo di ricerca già avviato riguardante lo studio delle capriate lignee di grandi luci site in edifici con significativa valenza storica. Il metodo sperimentale è stato messo a punto per successive approssimazioni e correzioni in seguito alla sua applicazione a diversi casi di studio e, in base ai feedback ottenuti in corso d’opera, è in continuo aggiornamento. La tesi, mira da un lato ad una nuova e approfondita implementazione del metodo, dall’altro all’applicazione dello stesso al fine di analizzare ed interpretare i movimenti e le deformazioni del sistema di copertura del Teatro Comunale di Bologna. Dalla nuvola di punti dell’intero sottotetto, acquisita tramite laser scanner, si estrapolano le singole capriate e, attraverso un programma di modellazione parametrica, si costruiscono degli algoritmi che generano dei modelli tridimensionali per ogni capriata. Il confronto tra tali modelli e la nuvola di punti iniziale consente di leggere le capriate in modo dettagliato, analizzarne spostamenti e deformazioni, derivare informazioni puntuali e comparate sul loro comportamento, trarre considerazioni globali sullo stato di salute dell’intero sottotetto e, se necessario, prevedere e progettare eventuali interventi di recupero o rinforzo strutturale. La struttura completamente parametrizzata della nuova versione del metodo ha indirizzato lo studio verso la ricerca di una correlazione fra gli algoritmi generativi ed il campo del Building Information Modeling, rivelandosi uno strumento con una vasta possibilità di collegamento con altri importanti temi di ricerca riguardo la digitalizzazione del patrimonio costruito. Il collegamento diretto con dei software di tipo BIM può infine consentire una relazione diretta con software di calcolo strutturale, costituendo un unico workflow che, partendo dal rilievo digitale tramite laser scanner, arriva all’ottenimento di un modello di calcolo degli oggetti studiati.
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Karlsson, Emil, and Lina Nilsson. "Animerad TV-vinjett : utsmyckning eller genre? En studie i animerad TV-vinjett." Thesis, University West, Department of Economics and IT, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-2539.

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Today, the TV vignette is considered an embellishment to a TV program, despite its broad audiences and unique appearance. We wanted to find out if the television vignette has some common features and conventions but also find out how it relates to genre.We used a case study where we analyzed ten vignettes that we chose from certain criteria. We used a model based on image analysis that we modified to fit our needs. The main parts of each model consisted semiotics, imagery, dramaturgy and sound.We also made a couple of interviews with people who are active or used to work with vignettes. As a result we discovered that the television vignettes consist of certain conventions and that the vignette will not be considered as an independent genre, until the public has accepted it. However, we found that the vignette has common features and conventions that could fit into the established art form Motion Graphics. We see, however, that the vignette has the potential, thanks to digitization, to evolve and become a kind of its own.Today, the TV vignette is considered an embellishment to a TV program, despite its broad audiences and unique appearance. We wanted to find out if the television vignette has some common features and conventions but also find out how it relates to genre.We used a case study where we analyzed ten vignettes that we chose from certain criteria. We used a model based on image analysis that we modified to fit our needs. The main parts of each model consisted semiotics, imagery, dramaturgy and sound.We also made a couple of interviews with people who are active or used to work with vignettes. As a result we discovered that the television vignettes consist of certain conventions and that the vignette will not be considered as an independent genre, until the public has accepted it. However, we found that the vignette has common features and conventions that could fit into the established art form Motion Graphics. We see, however, that the vignette has the potential, thanks to digitization, to evolve and become a kind of its own.

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Colmars, Julien. "Hygromécanique du matériau bois appliquée à la conservation du patrimoine culturel." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765961.

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Avant la généralisation des toiles vers le XVI-XVIIème siècle, le bois a servi de support à d'innombrables peintures qui constituent aujourd'hui une part importante, dans les musées et les églises notamment, de notre patrimoine culturel. Après plusieurs siècles d'existence, les planches servant de support aux panneaux peints sont très souvent courbées : cette courbure est généralement imputée à la présence unilatérale de la couche picturale, imposant des échanges asymétriques d'humidité entre le bois, matériau hygroscopique, et son environnement de conservation. Par ailleurs il existe dans ces déformations une forte contribution de l'orthotropie cylindrique du bois qui est une conséquence de la croissance des arbres. Enfin, l'historique des variations hygrométriques à proximité d'un panneau peint renvoie à l'étude plus générale du comportement thermo-hygro-mécanique différé du bois. Une compréhension d'ensemble de ces phénomènes doit permettre d'orienter des décisions difficiles de conservation, notamment celles relatives au déplacement des œuvres ou à la maîtrise des environnements dans les musées. Nous proposons dans ce travail une approche générale de mécanique du matériau et des structures bois appliquée aux panneaux peints. La méthode utilisée intègre des moyens expérimentaux en laboratoire et sur des œuvres in-situ, des méthodes numériques, et l'accent est mis sur le lien fort existant entre les aspects " comportement " propres au bois (anisotropie, couplages hygromécaniques, etc.) et les aspects de structure relatifs aux panneaux peints (débit des planches, efforts extérieurs dus à leur assemblage, etc.). Un outil de calcul basé sur la modélisation mécanique des plaques orthotropes est développé. Il prend appui sur un code préexistant de transfert de masse et de chaleur décrivant les mouvements d'eau dans le support. Ce code de calcul complet est utilisé notamment sur un cas d'étude : un panneau peint de 500 ans environ, en situation d'exposition dans une église.
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45

Hellebois, Armande. "Theoretical and experimental studies on early reinforced concrete structures: contribution to the analysis of the bearing capacity of the Hennebique system." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209441.

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In the framework of the conservation of early reinforced concrete structures from the last third of the 19th century up to 1914, this research deals with superstructures (excluding foundations, roads, pipes, etc.) in reinforced concrete (in the modern sense of the term – i.e. concrete made with artificial cement and rebars supplying tensile strength; thus, the combination of a metal profile embedded in concrete is excluded). The development of reinforced concrete as a building material started around 1880 and became widespread around the time of the First World War. Some of the structures concerned are listed as heritage properties today. Therefore they deserve specific and careful study to ensure long-term preservation of their historic, architectural, technical and socio-economic value. They bear witness to a period in construction history when reinforced concrete was a new material. The outbreak of the First World War marked the end of the initial period of innovation, exploration and experimentation. By then, reinforced concrete had become widely accepted and adopted as a suitable and effective building material. However, present-day attempts at restoration often prove inadequate, due to incomplete understanding of this period of construction and the characteristics of the first generation of reinforced concrete. If the causes of degradation are incorrectly diagnosed, the repairs are likely to be inappropriate. Moreover, the number of reinforced concrete structures requiring repair work is currently increasing with the natural ageing of the material. This phenomenon will continue to grow in the coming years.

With this in mind, the present research aims at identifying the specific structural characteristics of reinforced concrete structures erected before the First World War. Several axes of investigation were pursued in this PhD research and have resulted in the main observations detailed below.

- Based on a case study of the region of Brussels (Belgium), a database of structures built in reinforced concrete prior to 1914 was drawn up in order to place the material in its historical and geographical context. The inventory currently contains 507 examples and provides a panorama of the uses of reinforced concrete, ranging from numerous foundations and slabs to a complete structure from the end of the 1890s. This list is supplemented by a survey of a total of 605 patents filed for reinforced concrete in Belgium before the First World War. The early development of reinforced concrete was strongly related to national patenting, with a considerable number of systems being patented by private inventors for commercial purposes. Reinforced concrete profoundly transformed the building industry. All the professions working with the composite material had to change their approach, from the planning stage through to execution on the site. From the viewpoint of construction history, all these modifications make the time of the advent of reinforced concrete a particularly fruitful period to study.

- From the survey of early reinforced concrete structures in Brussels and the database of Belgian patents, the supremacy of the Frenchman François Hennebique and his system on the Brussels market for reinforced concrete (and, by extension, on the Belgian market) before 1914 is incontestable. This commercial achievement resulted from a combination of factors: an efficient structural system, meticulous attention to the quality of on-site reinforced concrete execution, and the commercial acumen to develop the business through advertising and other media. The well-known Hennebique system represents a monolithic structure including slabs, beams and columns. In fact, this system changed over the decades of operation of Hennebique’s company, not so much in relation to the design methods (his original semi-empirical method continued to be used) but particularly in practical terms (the type and location of the rebars among others). The evolution of the system is analysed by means of technical drawings from about 30 Belgian projects designed by Hennebique between 1900 and 1930.

- After the building contractors, who had been the first to believe in the structural and economic potential of reinforced concrete, engineers invented the calculation models and architects started developing new shapes. The Belgian engineer Paul Christophe was among the first theorists of reinforced concrete. The publication of his book Le béton armé et ses applications in 1899 is internationally recognised as a milestone in the rational modelling of structural reinforced concrete elements. Prior to the present study, details of his life and work remained largely uninvestigated, but the discovery of large parts of his personal archives has allowed clarification of his role in the popularisation of reinforced concrete, especially at the theoretical level.

- Reinforced concrete structures around the beginning of the 20th century were initially governed by empirical models of calculation (and execution) developed by the individual constructors. Gradually, reinforced concrete standards, published between 1904 and 1923 and based on working stress analysis and elastic modular ratio theory, replaced the utility of the patented systems. The different theoretical approaches are briefly described in this research. Mastering the theoretical assumptions and calculation methods used at the time represents the first step towards an appreciation of the structural behaviour and the possible weaknesses that can be expected.

- A review, based on literature published at that time, of the properties of the components of reinforced concrete allows identification of the characteristic materials used in the concrete matrix and the metal reinforcements. The execution process and the available technological tools for erecting a reinforced concrete structure are also addressed, as these would have had a direct influence on the quality of construction. Non-destructive and destructive experimental laboratory tests were performed on original samples, mainly removed from the Colo-Hugues viaduct (1904, Braine-l’Alleud, Hennebique system) in order to assess the mechanical properties, chemical features and durability issues for concrete and ferrous reinforcements. Comparing the results obtained using different techniques also makes it possible to determine the extent to which these techniques are reliable for the appraisal of early reinforced concrete structures.

- The structural efficiency of the Hennebique system is assessed based on an understanding of the principles of Hennebique’s semi-empirical method of calculation, but also – and primarily – by means of observations from experimental tests carried out on full-sized beams removed from the Colo-Hugues viaduct. Analysing and understanding the behaviour of the new composite material was a critical issue for promoting the use of reinforced concrete at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, what is required is a re-assessment of its structural behaviour. Three bending tests up to failure in simply supported conditions were performed at the BATir Department of the Université libre de Bruxelles on T-beams from the Colo-Hugues viaduct. This case study is representative of the majority of Hennebique structures, because the typical continuous straight T-beam is the main structural element of any Hennebique structure (bridge, building, etc.). The first test is a four-point bending test on a complete span (6 m) of the viaduct to obtain the response of the central part under positive bending moment. The flexural failure was ductile and occurred through yielding of the reinforcements followed by crushing of the concrete at mid-span. The second and third tests are three-point bending tests on 4 m long specimens centred on the column, representing the behaviour of the beam around the supports. These showed a sudden slipping failure due to loss of the adhesive bond between rebars. The results of these three experiments combined reproduce the actual behaviour of the viaduct in service. The bearing capacity of the Hennebique system in service and at ultimate has been demonstrated, at least for one loading case. These experimental tests provide essential data for a better understanding of the mechanisms of failure and reveal the main weaknesses of the Hennebique T-beam. Two strengthening solutions are suggested as supplementary information.

- The pathologies observed in early reinforced concrete structures (honeycombs, corrosion of the rebars, and so on) are mainly attributable to the tools and techniques that the builders had at their disposal (handmade compaction, high water-to-cement ratio, etc.) and by the limited contemporary knowledge of the physical and chemical phenomena, especially with regard to long-term effects. In fact, the concrete quality of the viaduct is surprisingly satisfactory despite its great age, due to the fact that the whole structure was covered with plaster, like the majority of reinforced concrete structures designed at that time.

This research establishes that reinforced concrete structures from 1880 to 1914 differ from later reinforced concrete structures. Taking into consideration the features of early reinforced concrete structures will contribute to ensuring sustainable conservation with limited intervention, thus preserving as much as possible of the original structure when restoration work is undertaken. Working on existing buildings often requires a multidisciplinary and holistic approach. The present study could thus be extended in various areas. For example, other structural aspects could be studied more in depth, such as demonstration of the shear strength of the Hennebique system or detailed consideration of the reinforcements (low adherence, particular anchorage devices, etc.)/

C'est dans le cadre de la conservation, au sens large du terme, que s'inscrit cette recherche sur les constructions en béton armé de première génération, c'est-à-dire de la fin du 19ème siècle au début du 20ème siècle. Cette recherche traite uniquement des superstructures, à l'exclusion des fondations, routes, tuyaux, etc. et en béton armé au sens moderne du terme, c'est-à-dire un béton réalisé à base de ciment artificiel et dont les armatures interviennent surtout pour reprendre les efforts de traction, ce qui exclut par exemple les utilisations de poutrelles métalliques enrobées de béton. Certains de ces ouvrages, réalisés entre 1880 et 1914, font aujourd'hui partie intégrante du patrimoine bâti, pour leurs valeurs architecturale, historique, technique ou aussi socio-économique. Ils jalonnent désormais l'histoire de la construction comme témoins d'une époque où le béton armé était un matériau nouveau. La Première Guerre mondiale marque la fin de cette période de premières innovations, d'explorations et d'expérimentations. Elle entérine l'acceptation et la diffusion du béton armé comme matériau de construction à part entière. Cependant, ainsi que le montrent certains projets de restauration actuels aux interventions inadéquates, il y a encore une méconnaissance des spécificités du béton armé de cette époque. Les causes de leurs dégradations mal diagnostiquées sont traitées de façon inappropriée. Or, dans les prochaines années, nombre de structures en béton armé construites dans la première moitié du 20ème siècle seront amenées à subir une rénovation suite au vieillissement naturel du matériau. C'est pourquoi pour conserver au mieux ces structures, il est indispensable d'étudier en détails leurs caractéristiques techniques pour ensuite intervenir, si nécessaire, de façon précise et adaptée.

Ce doctorat s'attèle donc à identifier les particularités des constructions en béton armé construites avant l'avènement de la Première Guerre mondiale, et plus spécifiquement à étudier leurs aspects structuraux. Plusieurs axes de recherche ont été développés et ont abouti aux principaux résultats suivants.

- Basé sur le cas de la région de Bruxelles-Capitale (Belgique), un inventaire des interventions en béton armé, construites avant 1914, a été dressé pour replacer le matériau dans son contexte historique et géographique. Cette base de données, comprenant 507 biens jusqu'à présent, illustre les types d'utilisation du béton armé dans la construction au début du 20ème siècle, d'abord des fondations ou simples planchers, jusqu'à une structure monolithique complète dès la fin des années 1890. Cet inventaire est complété par le relevé détaillé des brevets, au nombre de 605, déposés à ce sujet en Belgique avant la Première Guerre mondiale. Les brevets ont joué un rôle fondamental dans le développement du béton armé. Celui-ci était, en effet, régi par un foisonnement de systèmes commerciaux, majoritairement brevetés. L'introduction du béton armé a transformé en profondeur le secteur de la construction et notamment les professions liées tant à la phase de conception qu'au chantier lui-même. Du point de vue de l'histoire de la construction, toutes ces mutations font de l'avènement du béton armé une période historique riche.

- A la lecture du panorama offert par les inventaires des constructions et des brevets, la prééminence de la compagnie du Français François Hennebique, et donc de son système, sur le marché bruxellois (et par extrapolation sur le marché belge) du béton armé avant 1914 est indéniable. La réussite commerciale de Hennebique résulte d'une combinaison de facteurs: un système efficace sur le plan structural, une qualité d'exécution de béton coulé en place fiable et méticuleuse ainsi qu'un sens développé des affaires, en maîtrisant l'art de la promotion et de la publicité notamment. Le système bien connu de Hennebique comprend un ensemble monolithique formé par des dalles (hourdis), poutres et colonnes. Ce système a, en réalité, évolué dans le temps, pas tant d'un point de vue théorique (les calculs de dimensionnement sont les mêmes) mais plutôt pratique (positionnement, type d'armatures, etc.). Cette évolution a été observée par l'étude d'une trentaine de cas pratiques exécutés par Hennebique entre 1900 et 1930 en Belgique.

- Après les entrepreneurs, qui ont été les premiers à croire aux nouvelles possibilités constructives qu'offre le béton armé ainsi qu'à son succès commercial, les ingénieurs en inventent les principes de calcul et les architectes en révolutionnent les formes. L'ingénieur belge Paul Christophe fut parmi les premiers théoriciens du béton armé. La publication de son ouvrage Le béton armé et ses applications en 1899 constitue une étape importante, et internationalement reconnue, pour le dimensionnement rationnel d'éléments structuraux en béton armé. Jusqu'à la présente recherche, sa vie et son œuvre étaient restées assez confidentielles mais la découverte d'une partie de ses archives personnelles a permis de clarifier son rôle dans la diffusion, surtout théorique, du béton armé.

- Les structures en béton armé d'avant la Première Guerre mondiale furent d'abord gouvernées par des méthodes empiriques de dimensionnement (et d'exécution) développées par chaque constructeur. L'apparition des premières règlementations entre 1904 et 1923, basées sur une analyse en contraintes admissibles et la théorie du coefficient d'équivalence, remplace ensuite peu-à-peu l'utilité des systèmes brevetés. Les différentes approches théoriques sont brièvement décrites dans cette recherche. Maitriser les hypothèses et les méthodes de calculs employées à l'époque est, en effet, une première étape pour comprendre le fonctionnement structural prévu et les potentielles défaillances de dimensionnement.

- A travers une lecture attentive de la littérature publiée à cette période, les matériaux intervenants dans la fabrication du béton armé (c'est-à-dire le béton et les armatures) et utilisés couramment au début du 20ème siècle ont été identifiés ainsi que les moyens disponibles à cette époque pour produire des structures en béton armé. Des méthodes d'essais non-destructives et destructives ont été appliquées principalement, sur le viaduc Colo-Hugues (1904, Braine-l'Alleud, système Hennebique) afin d'évaluer les caractéristiques mécaniques, les propriétés chimiques et la durabilité tant du béton que des renforcements métalliques. Comparer les résultats de ces différentes méthodes permet d'aborder les limites d'utilisation de ces techniques, lorsqu'il s'agit d'évaluer structuralement des bétons armés de première génération.

- Grâce à la compréhension des principes, semi-empiriques, de dimensionnement appliqués par le bureau Hennebique en son temps mais surtout grâce aux observations déduites des essais expérimentaux réalisés sur des poutres de grandeur réelle, prélevées sur le viaduc Colo-Hugues, le fonctionnement structural réel du système Hennebique est évalué. Comprendre et modéliser le comportement du nouveau matériau composite fut une problématique fondamentale pour accroître l'usage du béton armé au début du 20ème siècle. Actuellement, il s'agit de réévaluer le comportement de ces structures. Trois essais jusqu'à rupture ont été menés, au département BATir de l'Université libre de Bruxelles, sur des poutres à gousset en T provenant du viaduc Colo-Hugues en conditions isostatiques et soumises à flexion. Ce viaduc des chemins de fer vicinaux est un cas d'étude représentatif de la majorité des constructions Hennebique, car la poutre de section en T est la structure typique du système Hennebique, utilisée tant dans les ouvrages d'art que dans les bâtiments. Le premier essai est une flexion 4 points sur une travée complète du viaduc (6 m de portée) pour obtenir la réponse en zone de moment maximum positif. La rupture ductile a eu lieu par plastification des armatures suivie d'un écrasement du béton en zone centrale, c'est-à-dire dans la zone la plus sollicitée. Deux éléments identiques de longueur de 4 m ont été essayés en flexion 3 points pour représenter le comportement sur appuis. La rupture de ces deux dernières expériences s'est produite suite à un glissement des armatures sur appuis (goussets à côté de la colonne). Il s'agit donc d'une rupture à caractère fragile. Les trois essais combinés représentent correctement la structure hyperstatique du viaduc dans son fonctionnement en service. La capacité portante réelle du système Hennebique en service et à l'état limite ultime, du moins dans un cas de chargement, a pu être expliquée. Ces essais fournissent les données essentielles pour estimer l'efficacité structurale du système Hennebique et identifier ses faiblesses. Deux solutions de renforcement sont proposées en complément d'information.

- Les pathologies observées dans les bétons armés datant du début du 20ème siècle (nids de graviers, corrosion des armatures, etc.) sont, la plupart du temps, causées par les outils sommaires à la disposition des constructeurs (vibration à la main, rapport eau/ciment plus élevé qu'aujourd'hui, etc.) et par une connaissance limitée des phénomènes physiques et chimiques, surtout à long terme. En fait, la qualité du béton du viaduc Colo-Hugues est particulièrement satisfaisante malgré l'âge avancé du béton, grâce notamment à l'enduit recouvrant l'ensemble du viaduc, ce qui est le cas pour la majorité des structures de la période étudiée.

Cette recherche démontre que les constructions en béton armé datant de 1880 à 1914 diffèrent des ouvrages postérieurs en béton armé et qu'il serait utile pour leur restauration de tenir compte de ces spécificités. La connaissance approfondie des particularités des constructions en béton armé de première génération permettra, espérons-le, de contribuer à leur longévité en intervenant le moins possible sur les structures d'origine. Etant donné que l'étude des structures existantes nécessite le plus souvent une approche pluridisciplinaire, ce travail pourrait être poursuivi dans plusieurs domaines variés. Il resterait notamment à approfondir d'autres aspects de stabilité, comme par exemple la démonstration de l'efficacité à l'effort tranchant du système Hennebique ou encore la prise en considération plus détaillée des armatures (adhérence limitée, forme d'ancrage particulier, etc.).
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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46

Mesquita, Esequiel Fernandes Teixeira. "Structural characterization and monitoring of heritage constructions." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105447.

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Mesquita, Esequiel Fernandes Teixeira. "Structural characterization and monitoring of heritage constructions." Tese, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105447.

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48

Wain, Leonie Alison. "Size matters : seeing the values in large technology heritage." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11772.

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Abstract:
Large technology heritage objects are impressive, exciting and fascinating. They can also be difficult, dangerous and expensive. When working with large technology objects every project demands more resources, every triumph is more newsworthy and every mistake is more visible. With large technology objects “getting it right” is vital. This thesis explores what “getting it right” means in both affective and practical terms, and for both producers of, and visitors to, large technology heritage displays. During 2008-9 over 80 producers and 368 visitors were interviewed at seven heritage sites and, for comparison, one non-heritage site within Australia. These interviews were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively to examine people’s attitudes to large technology heritage, and to understand the major influences that form, maintain and change such attitudes. The thesis also examines methods of interpreting and displaying large technology objects, as well as the impact of heritage industry standards on the preservation, restoration and management of large technology heritage. The results of the study indicate that, while the practical challenges of giving big, old machines a new life as heritage are formidable, it is the values that different people see in such objects that are the source of the greatest difficulties. Producers of large technology heritage come from different backgrounds and communities of practice, and they see different values in the objects and look to different practical ways to enhance those values. Unfortunately they do not always understand, or value, each other’s values, which can lead to bitter disputes over which is the right way to do things. They also do not always understand the values that their visitors see in the objects, or recognise that display methods that are welcoming and engaging for their visitors may be very different from the ways in which they themselves expect to see large technology objects presented. The major finding of this study, therefore, is that an emphasis on developing technical methods of preserving, restoring and interpreting large technology heritage is doomed to failure unless it is combined with an equally strong emphasis on developing methods to draw out and reconcile the different values that people see in that heritage. Different practical methods of preserving, restoring and interpreting large technology objects are not “right” or “wrong” in themselves, but they do have the effect of enhancing some values and reducing or destroying others. Unless everyone involved in the project agrees on the values that practical treatments should enhance, there will be no consensus about the success of those treatments. The findings of this study have important implications for research and practice in large technology heritage. In particular, research is needed into the social impacts of large technology heritage, and into ways of incorporating values effectively into the practice of caring for large technology heritage. Such research, and concomitant changes in practice, will contribute significantly to the success and sustainability of large technology projects, and to the survival of these fabulous objects for the future.
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Howlader, Milon Kanti. "In-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls with openings in Australian heritage construction." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1412118.

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Abstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
The research reported in this thesis focused on seismic assessment of perforated (that is, containing door and/or window openings) unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, representative of those used in heritage URM constructions throughout Australia. The primary aim of the research was to evaluate the performance of the URM walls under quasi-static cyclic in-plane loading to get a deeper understanding of the pier-spandrel response in perforated URM walls. Most of the heritage buildings were constructed before the development of the seismic design guidelines, hence the seismic capacity of those buildings is poorly understood. Furthermore, many such buildings hold a high level of cultural significance and hence there is a high value placed on their preservation. This PhD thesis aims to assess the seismic vulnerability concerning the parameters that affect the in-plane shear behaviour of the URM walls. In doing so, it is hoped that the research will help inform strategies which will be essential to preserve such construction through proper intervention/retrofitting. As a first step in the investigation process, the building stock listed on the State Heritage Register by the Heritage Council of NSW was characterised to get an overview of the history of the constructions. The buildings were categorised according to the URM materials, the number of stories, roof type (shapes and materials), construction year, geographic location and the past and current use for the buildings. The outcomes from the building characterisations were used to select the prototype specimen geometry and construction practice representative of a wide range of heritage listed URM buildings in NSW. Experimental cyclic in-plane testing of eight full-scale perforated URM walls with semi-circular arched openings was conducted to investigate the effect of pier-spandrel geometry and the vertical pre-compression load. In the experimental design phase, two wall geometries were chosen by varying the spandrel depth and two vertical pre-compression loads were considered to represent walls at different heights in a multi-storey building façade. For each combination of test parameters two wall specimens were intended to be tested, resulting in eight wall specimens in total. However, as the testing progressed, the variation of the performance between the two repeat wall tests with shallow spandrel and low pre-compression level was not significant. Hence, the repeat of the deep spandrel wall with low pre-compression load was not conducted and instead, a new geometry with asymmetric pier lengths was introduced resulting in different pre-compression levels in the two piers. The test results showed significant effect of the wall geometry and pre-compression load on the load-displacement behaviour, the failure mode, stiffness degradation and the energy dissipation of the walls. Also, the results showed that for the same configuration of the walls, the failure mode varied between specimens for some combinations of test variables. Finite element (FE) modelling and analysis was carried out using Diana FEA 10.2 (DIANA FEA, 2017). The FE analysis was performed in two phases. In the first phase, the preliminary analysis was done where the material input parameters were taken from previous researchers. The preliminary analyses were used to help design the experimental wall testing program. In the final phase, the tested properties for the materials used to construct the walls were inserted into the FE model. The geometry of the arch portion of the walls was also modified according to the actual test wall construction. The final FE modelling, representing the tested walls, performed well in predicting the experimental load displacement behaviour and the crack patterns. Finally, with the validated nonlinear FE modelling, a parametric study was conducted. The results from the experimental and the FE analyses were compared to the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE) guidelines for predicted maximum lateral strength and probable failure modes, to assess the reliability of the NZSEE provisions.
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Brandão, Daniel da Cruz. "Museum of Ransom: Towards a system for the aggregation and interpretation of contemporary participatory video as contextual cultural heritage." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/75071.

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