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Journal articles on the topic 'Engineering Australia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Griffith, M. C. "Australian earthquake engineering." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 36, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.36.2.117-124.

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The Australian Earthquake Engineering Society was established in 1990 with its main objective to promote and advance the practice of earthquake engineering and engineering seismology in Australia. In the decade or so since its establishment the Society has had some successes in this regard as well as some disappointments. In this paper, the author will highlight these along with research and other important professional developments during this period. The perceived obstacles to getting a better take-up of earthquake engineering amongst Australian practitioners and the role of the Society in furthering the cause of earthquake engineering in Australia will then be discussed. The paper will conclude with an outline of possible strategies for overcoming these obstacles.

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2

Bubb, Charles. "Earthquake engineering in Australia." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 32, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.32.1.13-20.

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Earthquake Engineering in Australia, as elsewhere, has been formatted in the aftermath of damaging earthquakes. The first Australian Code AS2121-1979 was written and published after the 1968 Meckering WA earthquake. The second AS1170.4 1993 was published after the 1989 Newcastle NSW earthquake. Good quality Building Codes are a necessary basis for sound earthquake resistant designs. Both implementation and enforcement of the codes and sound robust construction in the field are essential for the protection of life and infrastructure. Also essential is the preservation and upgrading of the earthquake database. A study to assist the safer operation of emergency services immediately following damaging earthquakes is proposed.

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3

Doe, Peter Edward, Sarah Lyden, Seeta Jaikaran-Doe, and Xiaolin Wang. "Enhancing Chinese Students’ Learning in an Australian 2+2 Undergraduate Engineering Program." International Journal of Higher Education 7, no. 5 (September 26, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n5p86.

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Undergraduate engineering units (subjects) are delivered by Australian academics at two universities in China over a three-week period. Students may choose to transfer to the Australian university to complete the final two years of the Bachelor of Engineering with Honours degree (2+2 program). The aim of this study is to determine what strategies are most effective for the Australian university academics to adopt for effective delivery of engineering units at Chinese universities. A mixed methods approach was applied to in-class feedback and student surveys. Three major themes: Language, Learning and Social were identified. These themes were further explored in a quantitative survey of Chinese students newly-arrived in Australia in 2016. Successful strategies for delivering engineering units included referring questions to discussion groups; students explaining difficult concepts to other students; writing key words on the board and flash cards. The principal concern for students before they transferred to Australia was the teaching and learning style of the Australian university academics. However, English language proficiency was the major concern for students transferred to Australia. The strategy for improving Chinese students’ engagement and learning outcomes should focus on additional support both in China and Australia.

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4

Licorish, Sherlock A., Christoph Treude, John Grundy, Kelly Blincoe, Stephen MacDonell, Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn, Li Li, and Jean-Guy Schneider. "Software Engineering in Australasia." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 46, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448992.3448995.

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Six months ago an important call was made for researchers globally to provide insights into the way Software Engineering is done in their region. Heeding this call, we hereby outline the position Software Engineering in Australasia (New Zealand and Australia). This article first considers the software development methods, practices and tools that are popular in the Australasian software engineering community. We then briefly review the particular strengths of software engineering researchers in Australasia. Finally, we make an open call for collaborators by reflecting on our current position and identifying future opportunities.

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5

McCue, K., G. Gibson, D. Love, and E. Cranswick. "Engineering for Earthquakes in Australia." Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2008.11464982.

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6

Fourikis, N. "Microwave engineering education in Australia." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 41, no. 6 (1993): 948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.238508.

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7

Henderson, Simi, and Philip Broadbridge. "Engineering Mathematics Education in Australia." MSOR Connections 9, no. 1 (February 2009): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11120/msor.2009.09010012.

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8

Aldeen, M., and K. E. Forward. "A New Electrical Engineering Course Structure in The University of Melbourne." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 29, no. 2 (April 1992): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099202900214.

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A new electrical engineering course structure in the University of Melbourne At the University of Melbourne, Australia, a review of the Electrical and Electronic Engineering course structure has just been finalised and a new structure adopted. This paper describes the new course structure, analyses its goals, outlines its likely impact on the Australian industry, and finally discusses its perceived benefit to the community.

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9

Pisaniello, John D., Wu Zhifang, and Jennifer M. McKay. "Small dams safety issues – engineering/policy models and community responses from Australia." Water Policy 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.0006.

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Dam safety is a serious issue worldwide. However, in many countries, for example, China and Australia, although much attention is being devoted to the medium to large-scale dams, little or no attention is being paid to the serious potential problems associated with smaller dams, particularly the potential “cumulative domino effect” failure risk to the larger public dams. Farmers in Australia have often overlooked the common law obligation to review/design dams in line with current standards because of high engineering consulting costs. This leaves them vulnerable to litigation if their dam fails and the downstream community is susceptible to unacceptable risk levels. To overcome this problem, an innovative Australian-developed cost-effective spillway design/review procedure has been developed to minimise cost burdens to dam owners and encourage better dam safety management. A recent survey undertaken in the Australian “policy model” State of Victoria to test community attitudes to the procedure and implemented dam safety and water allocation policy is also reported here. This survey clearly demonstrates that farmers require more than awareness and encouragement in order to ensure that they look after their dams properly.

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10

Ghafoori, M., M. Mastropasqua, J. P. Carter, and D. W. Airey. "Engineering properties of ashfield shale, Australia." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 48, no. 1 (October 1993): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02594975.

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11

Ghafoori. "Engineering properties of Ashfield Shale, Australia." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 49, no. 1 (April 1994): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02594994.

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12

Medwell, Paul R., Paul N. Grimshaw, Will S. Robertson, and Richard M. Kelso. "Developing sports engineering education in Australia." Procedia Engineering 34 (2012): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.04.045.

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13

Chirillo, Louis. "Product Work Breakdown: The Challenge to Production and Design Engineers." Journal of Ship Production 5, no. 02 (May 1, 1989): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1989.5.2.110.

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In response to a request from the Australian Department of Defense (Navy), a product work breakdown (zone logic) was reintroduced into Australia in the Spring of 1988 for the benefit of the consortiums which are competing for the $5(A) dollar ANZAC Frigate Program. At the same time, this brief paper advised Australian naval architects and shipyard managers at large of the improved quality that is inherent in the application of zone logic, particularly for warships, and of what is required of designers. Special note is made of the need for professional and decentralized production engineering upon which product-oriented designers are absolutely dependent throughout all phases of the design process. A surprise for most readers, including some in Australia, is reference to the technical cooperation agreement which resulted in product-oriented shipbuilding in an Australian shipyard "a decade before" the same logic revolution started in North American shipyards.

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J. Webb, T. Spurling, and A. Finch. "Australia, Innovation and International Collaboration." Scientific Inquiry and Review 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/21/020101.

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Australia’s path to innovation began with the very early use of tools and cultivation by aboriginal communities. With the arrival of Europeans from 1788, innovation focused on supporting agricultural production and mineral extraction. More recently, Australian innovation has extended to include high technology products such as the Cochlea Ear and the production of plastic bank notes, developed through a strong foundation in fundamental science. Looking to the future, Australia has greatly expanded its international cooperation. Bibliometric data show strong growth in collaborative chemical research papers between chemists in Australia and those in China, greatly exceeding those with Japan and India, the next strongest partners in collaboration. The most productive areas of chemistry for international collaboration are physical chemistry and chemical engineering. Concerning Pakistan, bibliometric data show a dramatic growth in collaboration between Australian and Pakistani scientists. Data analysis support the benefits of international collaboration.

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15

Storr, Frank. "Book Review: Workhorses in Australian Waters. A History of Marine Engineering in Australia." International Journal of Maritime History 2, no. 1 (June 1990): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149000200129.

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16

Bills, Kym. "Building a world-class Australian decommissioning industry." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17154.

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Collaboration in decommissioning offshore infrastructure could save both industry and taxpayers billions of dollars and facilitate new industries and exports for Australia, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant construction boom, Australia must not miss out on this major new opportunity. The 2017 bid for Commonwealth funding to establish a Decommissioning Offshore Infrastructure Cooperative Research Centre (DOI-CRC) involved more than 30 participants and many other collaborators. High-level commitments were made by Chevron, Woodside, Shell, BHP, ExxonMobil, Quadrant, The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, the University of New South Wales, Deakin University, Australian Maritime College, CSIRO and Australian Institute of Marine Science. A Perth-based DOI-CRC was supported by National Energy Resources Australia, National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority and other Australian Government bodies and by the Western Australian Government and its Chief Scientist and agencies but did not receive sufficient support from the CRC Advisory Committee. Meeting decommissioning challenges in the North West Shelf, Bass Strait and the Northern Territory in a timely, robust, scientific, efficient and cost-effective manner that contributes to a sustainable marine environment should draw upon and augment international best practice with local capability and expertise. Good science and innovative engineering are needed to support regulatory approval of options such as ‘rigs to reefs’ and commercial opportunities such as in waste management and expanded fishing and tourism. APPEA and operators wish to maintain DOI-CRC’s momentum and learn from UK research arrangements through funding marine science projects. But we must be much broader if we are to build a sustainable world-class Australian decommissioning industry. In particular, we need to work more closely with state and federal regulators and policymakers and undertake more engineering science research and innovation.

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17

Jworchan, Indra, Tony O' Brien, Emged Rizkalla, and Paul Gorman. "Engineering geology of Waterside Green, Sydney, Australia." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31879.

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Development of low-lying land affected by high water table in saline and sodic soils and local swampy areas remains a challenge for the local government, developers, and other regulators. The development control plan for a proposed residential or commercial subdivision in such a site in Penrith, Sydney, Australia, states that the drainage and stormwater management systems within and across the site should be improved and proposed buildings should be constructed on the ground higher than the 100-year flood level. This paper presents the results of engineering geological and geotechnical investigations for the proposed subdivision. The subsurface profile at the site comprises alluvial deposits underlain by residual soil, which in turn is underlain by shale and sandstone. In the eastern portion of the site, the alluvial deposits comprise a sequence of clay, sand and gravel, and in the western portion they contain a succession of clean sand and gravel. The alluvium in the eastern portion of the site is saline whereas it is generally non-saline in the western portion. All saline soils are sodic and most non saline ones are non-sodic. This paper discusses the suitability of on-site soils for use in a structural fill and impermeable clay liner as well as the management of saline and dispersive soils.

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18

Glencross-Grant, R. "Developments in engineering education for rural Australia." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 163, no. 4 (December 2010): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2010.163.4.209.

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19

Palmer, S., and C. Ferguson. "Improving Outcomes-Based Engineering Education in Australia." Australasian Journal of Engineering Education 14, no. 2 (January 2008): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22054952.2008.11464014.

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20

Allen, Trevor I. "SEISMIC HAZARD ESTIMATION IN STABLE CONTINENTAL REGIONS: DOES PSHA MEET THE NEEDS FOR MODERN ENGINEERING DESIGN IN AUSTRALIA?" Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.1.22-36.

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Damaging earthquakes in Australia and other regions characterised by low seismicity are considered low probability but high consequence events. Uncertainties in modelling earthquake occurrence rates and ground motions for damaging earthquakes in these regions pose unique challenges to forecasting seismic hazard, including the use of this information as a reliable benchmark to improve seismic safety within our communities. Key challenges for assessing seismic hazards in these regions are explored, including: the completeness and continuity of earthquake catalogues; the identification and characterisation of neotectonic faults; the difficulties in characterising earthquake ground motions; the uncertainties in earthquake source modelling, and; the use of modern earthquake hazard information to support the development of future building provisions. Geoscience Australia recently released its 2018 National Seismic Hazard Assessment (NSHA18). Results from the NSHA18 indicate significantly lower seismic hazard across almost all Australian localities at the 1/500 annual exceedance probability level relative to the factors adopted for the current Australian Standard AS1170.4–2007 (R2018). These new hazard estimates have challenged notions of seismic hazard in Australia in terms of the recurrence of damaging ground motions. This raises the question of whether current practices in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) deliver the outcomes required to protect communities and infrastructure assets in low-seismicity regions, such as Australia. This manuscript explores a range of measures that could be undertaken to update and modernise the Australian earthquake loading standard, in the context of these modern seismic hazard estimates, including the use of alternate ground-motion exceedance probabilities for assigning seismic demands for ordinary-use structures. The estimation of seismic hazard at any location is an uncertain science, particularly in low-seismicity regions. However, as our knowledge of the physical characteristics of earthquakes improve, our estimates of the hazard will converge more closely to the actual – but unknowable – (time independent) hazard. Understanding the uncertainties in the estimation of seismic hazard is also of key importance, and new software and approaches allow hazard modellers to better understand and quantify this uncertainty. It is therefore prudent to regularly update the estimates of the seismic demands in our building codes using the best available evidence-based methods and models.

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21

Mouat, Jeremy, and Ian Phimister. "The Engineering of Herbert Hoover." Pacific Historical Review 77, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 553–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2008.77.4.553.

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This article offers a revisionist account of Herbert Hoover's career as a mining engineer, looking particularly at his activities in Australia and China where he first established his reputation and his fortune. The young Hoover went to Western Australia in 1897 to work for the British firm of Bewick, Moreing. Hoover's employers sent him to China in early 1899. He became a partner two years later and returned to Australia to direct Bewick, Moreing's operations there. After his return to London, he grew increasingly involved in financial dealings and gradually withdrew from the business of mining. Hoover's career as a mining engineer coincided with a period when the authority of engineers assumed a new significance; American mining engineers in particular became trusted experts. Hoover was one such engineer, although this article argues that his role was more ambiguous and compromised than earlier studies have acknowledged.

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22

Cutajar, Timothy P., Christopher D. Portway, Grace L. Gillard, and Jodi J. L. Rowley. "Australian Frog Atlas: species’ distribution maps informed by the FrogID dataset." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 36 (June 29, 2022): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.36.2022.1789.

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We use data from the citizen science project FrogID, comprised of expert-validated, spatially accurate occurrence records of frog species across Australia, to map the known distributions of Australia’s frogs. We combined over half a million occurrence records of 209 species from the FrogID dataset with expert-checked occurrence data from the national biodiversity data aggregate (Atlas of Living Australia) and published literature, to create distribution maps for all 247 native frog species known from Australia and the introduced cane toad (Rhinella marina). These maps represent the most up-to-date, accurate and detailed set of Australian frog species maps available, and reveal species richness patterns across the continent. They are an Open Access resource for researchers, conservation practitioners and land managers, with the aim of better understanding and conserving Australia’s frogs. This is version one of the Australian Frog Atlas, which we expect to update on an approximately annual basis. The Australian Frog Atlas maps—as shapefiles and in KML format—are published online as an Open Access supplemental dataset (see Cutajar et al., 2021).

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23

Thoumi, Andrew, Gerald B. Fogarty, Elizabeth J. Paton, and Stephen Shumack. "Is the contribution of Australian research to the national 2019 clinical practice guidelines for keratinocyte cancer adequate? A simple analysis." International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy 8, no. 4 (October 12, 2021): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijrrt.2021.08.00307.

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Introduction: The Australian 2002 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) treatment guidelines for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were updated in 2008. At this time, the lack of high-quality Australian research conducted between 2002 to 2008 was noted. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the improvement in the quantity and quality of Australian research in the 2019 keratinocyte cancer guidelines. Secondary aims included an assessment of the quantity and quality of Australian research in comparison to the guidelines provided by the other selected countries, and an evaluation of the improvements in the Australian contribution since 2008. Method: Surgical (Sx) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment sections were interrogated. The analysis was simple. Each reference was counted as one unit. The quantity assessment was carried out by categorizing the references according to their country of origin: Australia, United Kingdom (UK), United States (US) and European Union (EU) countries, which were grouped as one country (EU) for the purpose of this study. The number of references from each country were then added up. To assess for quality, all references were ranked according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) rating scale. A quality ratio for each country was then calculated by dividing the total number of prospective trials (i.e., levels I and II) by the number of retrospective studies (level III and lower) from each country if the numbers were sufficient. To evaluate the Australian improvement since 2008, Australian references were first categorized according to their year of publication (2002 to 2017), and then allocated to one of four bins of class intervals representing time periods. Results: Twenty-five of the 133 Sx references in the 2019 guidelines were Australian, which was less than the US (58) and EU (37), but better than the UK (12). Quality ratios were: Australia 0.8, UK 1.4, US 0.31, and EU 0.48. Of the 238 RT references, Australia contributed 53, US 107, EU 62, and UK 16. Quality ratios were: Australia 0.06, UK 0.3, US 0.18, and EU 0.34. Australia’s contribution to the UK and US RT guidelines were evaluated. For the UK RT guidelines (11 references), Australia contributed 3, UK 1, US 2 and EU 5. For the US ASTRO guidelines (101 references), Australia contributed 20, UK 1, US 44 and EU 36. Quality ratios were Australia 0.11, US 0.19 and EU 0.2. For Australian research overtime (2002-2017), the quantity and quality of Sx papers are decreasing; whereas for RT, the quantity is increasing but the quality remains poor. Conclusion: The contribution of Australian research to Australia’s own keratinocyte cancer guidelines is not the highest and did not improve over the period of evaluation. The same can be stated for Australia’s research contribution to the UK and US RT guidelines. Australia needs to do more high-quality research.

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Rynn, J. M. W., E. Brennan, P. R. Hughes, I. S. Pedersen, and H. J. Stuart. "The 1989 Newcastle, Australia, earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 2 (June 30, 1992): 77–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.25.2.77-144.

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The vulnerability of urban environments in continental regions to earthquake forces was explicitly demonstrated in Australia's devastating Newcastle earthquake on December 28, 1989. This moderately-sized earthquake of Richter magnitude ML 5.6 (Moment magnitude M 5.3) claimed 13 lives, damaged more than 70,000 properties and left an estimated total loss of about $AU (1991) 4 billion. The need for an earthquake mitigation programme in Australia was thus clearly established. It is for this reason that a multidisciplinary approach involving seismology, geology, engineering, insurance, local government and emergency services is being followed to study this event and its consequences. The earthquake source is defined as being on a thrust fault trending NW-SE dipping 75° to the NE, with a depth of focus at 11.5 km, source radius of 1.86 km, stress drop of at least 24 bars and a displacement along the rupture surface of at least 310 mm. The epicentre is located at 32.95°S, 151.61°E close to Boolaroo, about 15 km SW of the City of Newcastle, and with an epicentral error of about + 15 km. More than 100,000 observations from damage and felt reports are being analysed and integrated with the wide experiences gained in the rescue, recovery and renewal phases that have extended over the two years since the event. The specific issue of the geotechnical aspects is of great importance. It is being considered from the view of urban geology (surface alluvial sediments), rather than from theoretical considerations, to explain the major extent of building damage on the alluvial areas, amplification and liquefaction. Apart from the immediate "causes" of damage, serious consideration is being given to the long-term effects which have resulted in the latent and recurrent defects to buildings. The engineering findings from the Newcastle earthquake are discussed in detail. While it is uneconomical and not necessary to design a structure to withstand the greatest likely earthquake without damage in Australia, the cost of providing strength to resist very high intensity loads must be weighed against the importance of the structure and probability of the earthquakes, particularly in areas such as this with relatively little known seismic histories. Lessons for local government authorities who had not previously considered seismic activity are addressed. Based on the response and recovery of the City of Newcastle, the lessons include the development of a recovery management plan, revision of building regulations and the requirements for hazard mitigation. Unfortunately, several misconceptions about some aspects of the consequences of this earthquake have arisen. These concern the limitations of some analyses, use of selected data sets rather than all the available data and apparent lack of understanding of complex, rather than singular, causal relationships. Implications for the engineering, insurance and possibly the legal professions need to be considered. The potential to reduce losses in future earthquakes in Australia through an earthquake mitigation programme is now an achievable goal. The scenarios of such an event occurring at a different time or in a different city can be addressed, based on the Newcastle and other international experiences. Sufficient information is available to prepare the revised Australian earthquake loading code as a reliable and practical document for use by engineers. The consequences of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake have also captured the interest of researchers from many other continental areas of the Earth who must consider preparations for similar situations. All aspects of the study ultimately lead to the preparedness of urban communities to deal with such consequences with the assistance of emergency services agencies to minimize the social and economic traumas that will inevitably occur.

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25

Hawthorne, Lesleyanne. "Migrant engineers’ job interview performance." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 90–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.15.2.06haw.

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Abstract More than 12,000 migrant engineers have migrated to Australia in the past four years – the majority NESB professionals of prime workforce age selected under the skilled immigration program. These engineers are currently experiencing extreme levels of unemployment – in part due to Australia’s recession, but in part due to disproportionate labour market rejection. This paper examines the critical ‘gatekeeping’ role of the employment interview. It explores the cultural attitudes a range of East European engineers bring to Australian engineering job interview questions – in particular ‘process’ questions (requiring detailed description of knowledge of engineering processes), and ‘self-promotion’ questions (inviting positive presentation of demonstrated professional skills). The paper then analyses the videotaped job interview performance of two East European engineers, who answer such questions poorly in interviews conducted by the Institution of Engineers, Australia. The paper suggests that disparities between country of origin interview strategies and those used in Australia might usefully be targeted as areas for further research. Such research could lead to more effective cross-cultural interview training, while lessening the risk of interview failure.

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26

Smiles, David. "John Robert Philip 1927 - 1999." Historical Records of Australian Science 16, no. 2 (2005): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr05008.

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John Philip was struck by a car and killed on Saturday 26 June 1999 in Amsterdam where he was visiting the Centre for Mathematics and Information Science. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, a Foreign Member of the All-Union (later Russian) Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and only the second Australian Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Engineering. He was the first non-American recipient of the Robert E. Horton Medal, the highest award for hydrology of the American Geophysical Union. In 1998 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for 'service to the science of hydrology, to scientific communication in promoting the interests of science for the community, and to Australian culture through architecture and literature'. This memoir discusses John Philip's character and his work as Australia's most distinguished environmental physicist. It explores his management of science and his role in the Australian Academy of Science as well as his poetry and his fascination with architecture.

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27

Techera, Erika. "Australia." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-07010008.

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28

Muhammad, Tukur, Hano Lawal Jibril, and Faiza Jibril Isah. "Comparative Analysis of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Programs in United Kingdom, United States of America. Japan and Australia." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0077.

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STEM education is an important component for global development, many countries have invested a substantial amount of funds in the Program. Many initiatives, Programs, policies, law are formulated to increases the number of students’ enrolment and arose their interest to study STEM. In this paper, we present the comparative analysis of successful STEM education Programs in United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Japan and Australia. We explored different Programs, target groups, objectives and achievement of STEM in UK, USA, Japan and Australia. For USA, the study found that the STEM education Programs are successful but require the involvement of community elites. In UK, the STEM Education Programs are successful and it assisted the country in adding more curriculum materials and trained several personnel. In Australia, experienced a shortage of scientists and engineers and formulated policies and Programs of which some of these Programs were successful and boost the Australian STEM Education. In Japan STEM education Programs has succeeded in increasing the number of enrolment and interest in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The stake holders, educators and government of UK, USA, Japan and Australia can use our study to easily identify areas that require improvement. As such, adapt their STEM education Programs in such a way that the STEM education Program can further be boosted.

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29

Sethuraman, Kannan, and Devanath Tirupati. "Diecraft Australia." Asian Case Research Journal 08, no. 02 (December 2004): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927504000520.

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Diecraft Australia Pty. Ltd, a subsidiary of Tupperware, manufactured high-quality, high-precision, close tolerance plastic injection moulds for houseware products. Diecraft's major customer has always been Tupperware, which accounted for more than 90% of its turnover. In 2001, the company had sales in excess of A$23 million and was experiencing problems in meeting the targeted due dates. The case provides a detailed, step-by-step description of the order processing, engineering design and manufacturing process. It also discusses the procedures adopted for plant loading, scheduling and control. It identifies other problems which may explain its poor adherence to scheduled due dates. It brings out several key features of job shops and provides an opportunity to understand and appreciate issues relating to capacity planning, developing quotes for delivery and the detailed workings of the shop.

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J Buckman, Stephen, and Erich Weigold. "Introduction." Australian Journal of Physics 49, no. 2 (1996): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph960197.

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The Advanced Workshop on Atomic and Molecular Physics was held at the Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University between February 13-15, 1995. The Workshop was a bilateral meeting involving physicists and chemists from Australia and the United States and the main goals were to bring together research workers in the field of low energy atomic and chemical physics to review recent advances and to chart possible directions for the future. The Workshop attracted 75 registrants. Of these, 20 eminent speakers in diverse areas of atomic and molecular physics were supported directly by grants from the Department of Industry, Science and Technology (Australia) and the National Science Foundation (USA). The remaining 55 attendees comprised 30 staff and, most importantly, 25 postgraduate students from Australian institutions.

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Minas, John, Youngdeok Lim, Chris Evans, and François Vaillancourt. "Policy Forum: The Australian Experience with Preferential Capital Gains Tax Treatment—Possible Lessons for Canada." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 69, no. 4 (2021): 1213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2021.69.4.pf.minas.

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This article compares the preferential tax treatment of capital gains in Australia and in Canada, with a view to determining whether there are any lessons from the Australian experience that may be of relevance to Canada. The tax treatment of capital gains is similar in the two jurisdictions in that both apply a 50 percent inclusion rate or the equivalent. Several aspects of the taxation of capital gains in Australia might be considered cautionary from the Canadian perspective. The Australian experience indicates that winning support for an increase in the capital gains inclusion rate can prove difficult, as demonstrated by the unsuccessful proposal by the Australian Labor Party, during the 2019 federal election campaign, to effectively raise the inclusion rate to 75 percent.

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Cauli, Alberto. "Francesco De Pinedo and Ernesto Campanelli's record-breaking flight to Australia – perception, recognition and legacy: an account in the Australian Press." Journal of Navigation 74, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463320000764.

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The year 2020 marked the 95th anniversary of Francesco De Pinedo and Ernesto Campanelli's record-breaking flight of 55,000 km, from Italy to Australia, Japan and back, in a seaplane named Gennariello. Their achievement was lauded worldwide, especially in Australia, where the press reported on it intensively. This paper reconstructs the story of the flight by analysing the Australian press accounts and De Pinedo's diary, to understand how the Australian public perceived the event. It investigates the aviators’ arrival in Perth, Adelaide and Melbourne, where their popularity was greatest and where the local Italian communities enthusiastically welcomed them. The analysis shows that the flight engendered increased public interest and paid dividends in terms of image for the commercial companies involved, while fascism exploited it to display its progress in aviation. The paper concludes by exploring the legacy of the endeavour in modern Italy and Australia, emphasising the differences between the countries.

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Phan, Ngoc Minh Hien, Helen Faddy, Robert Flower, Kirsten Spann, and Eileen Roulis. "Ancestral Area Reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Multiple Sources of Entry into Australia." Open Bioinformatics Journal 14, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875036202114010013.

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Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). International travels to Australia during the early stages of the pandemic prior to border closure provided avenues for this virus to spread into Australia. Studies of SARS-CoV-2 biogeographical distribution can contribute to the understanding of the viral original sources to Australia. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clonality and ancestral sources of Australian SARS-CoV-2 isolates using phylogenetic methods. Methods: We retrieved 1,346 complete genomes from Australia along with 153 genomes from other countries from the GISAID and NCBI nucleotide databases as of the 14th May 2020. A representative dataset of 270 Australian and international sequences were resulted from performance of nucleotide redundancy reduction by CD-HIT. We then constructed a median-joining network by Network 10.1.0.0, and phylogenies by IQ-Tree, BEAST and FastTree. The Bayesian statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) and Bayesian interference for discrete areas (BayArea) built in RASP were used to reconstruct ancestral ranges over the phylogenetic trees. Results: Two major clusters, from Europe and from Asia, were observed on the network of 183 haplotypes with distinct nucleotide variations. Analysis of ancestral area reconstruction over the phylogenies indicated most Australian SARS-CoV-2 sequences were disseminated from Europe and East Asia-Southeast Asia. Conclusion: The finding is genetic evidence for the geographic origins of the Australian SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Most Australian sequences were genetically similar to those from Europe and East Asia-Southeast Asia, which were also suggested as two main sources of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 to Australia.

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Mills, Julie, Wendy Bastalich, Suzanne Franzway, Judith Gill, and Rhonda Sharp. "ENGINEERING IN AUSTRALIA: AN UNCOMFORTABLE EXPERIENCE FOR WOMEN." Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering 12, no. 2-3 (2006): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.v12.i2-3.30.

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McNally, G. H. "Engineering characteristics and uses of duricrusts in Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 6 (December 1995): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099508728223.

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Burns, T. W., and E. Szczerbicki. "Implementing Concurrent Engineering: Case Studies from Eastern Australia." Concurrent Engineering 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x9700500208.

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37

Robinson, D. A., and V. J. Gosbell. "Issues affecting power engineering undergraduate education in Australia." Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 1, no. 3 (January 2004): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1448837x.2004.11464100.

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38

Parsons, David. "The environmental impact of engineering education in Australia." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 14, no. 2 (November 27, 2008): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-008-0045-5.

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Ku, H., and S. Goh. "Final year engineering projects in Australia and Europe." European Journal of Engineering Education 35, no. 2 (May 2010): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043790903497336.

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40

Trevelyan, J. P., and S. Tilli. "Labour Force Outcomes for Engineering Graduates in Australia." Australasian Journal of Engineering Education 16, no. 2 (January 2010): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22054952.2010.11464047.

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Bagheri, Mohammad B., and Matthias Raab. "Subsurface engineering of CCUS in Australia (case studies)." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18125.

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Carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) is a rapidly emerging field in the Australian oil and gas industry to address carbon emissions while securing reliable energy. Although there are similarities with many aspects of the oil and gas industry, subsurface CO2 storage has some unique geology and geophysics, and reservoir engineering considerations, for which we have developed specific workflows. This paper explores the challenges and risks that a reservoir engineer might face during a field-scale CO2 injection project, and how to address them. We first explain some of the main concepts of reservoir engineering in CCUS and their synergy with oil and gas projects, followed by the required inputs for subsurface studies. We will subsequently discuss the importance of uncertainty analysis and how to de-risk a CCUS project from the subsurface point of view. Finally, two different case studies will be presented, showing how the CCUS industry should use reservoir engineering analysis, dynamic modelling and uncertainty analysis results, based on our experience in the Otway Basin. The first case study provides a summary of CO2CRC storage research injection results and how we used the dynamic models to history match the results and understand CO2 plume behaviour in the reservoir. The second case study shows how we used uncertainty analysis to improve confidence on the CO2 plume behaviour and to address regulatory requirements. An innovative workflow was developed for this purpose in CO2CRC to understand the influence of each uncertainty parameter on the objective functions and generate probabilistic results.

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Lithgow, B. "Biomedical engineering: impressions of developing areas in Australia." Australasian Physics & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 28, no. 1 (March 2005): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03178866.

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Scott, Janet L., Colin L. Raston, Christopher R. Strauss, and W. Roy Jackson. "Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Australia." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173081251.

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The Centre for Green Chemistry is an Australian Research Council (ARC) Special Research Centre (SRC), located at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. SRCs are funded by the Australian federal government, via the vehicle of the ARC, with the express goal of supporting excellent basic research and research training that has strong international links. The goal of the center is to provide a fundamental scientific base for future green chemical technology, identifying niche areas in the Australian context and beyond. Establishment of this SRC and its modus operandi are discussed.

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Trimmer, Karen, Graeme Gower, and Graeme Lock. "Reinventing Another Unaipon: Indigenous Science Leaders for the Future." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.14.

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The education of Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander students in Australian universities has received considerable attention in both the literature and government policy in the 21st century. The participation and graduation rates for Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander students in higher education Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs have remained low and are becoming a particular focus in universities across Australia. This paper reflects on the life and contribution of David Unaipon, the enrolment data from a small sample of universities across Australia and the literature to discuss potential strategies for improving the access to, participation in and graduation from higher education STEM courses.

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Penny, M. F., R. H. Abbot, D. M. Phillips, B. Billard, D. Rees, D. W. Faulkner, D. G. Cartwright, et al. "Laser Airborne Depth Sounding in Australia." Journal of Navigation 39, no. 2 (May 1986): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000102.

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Australia, with its large continental shelf, requires faster and more economic methods of conducting hydrographic survey. Backed by the Royal Australian Navy an experimental programme to investigate airborne laser methods was commenced in the mid 1970s and completed in 1984. This programme demonstrated that airborne laser depth sounding can be used effectively in Australian coastal waters. This paper reviews the achievements of the experimental programme and describes some features of LADS, a ‘Laser Airborne Depth Sounder’ planned for operational use by the RAN Hydrographic Service. The paper was presented at the Congress of the International Association of Institutes of Navigation, Tokyo, 1–5 October 1985.

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46

Smiles, David. "John Robert Philip. 18 January 1927 – 26 June 1999." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 51 (January 2005): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2005.0021.

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John Philip was struck by a car and killed on Saturday 26 June 1999 in Amsterdam, where he was visiting the Centre for Mathematics and Information Science. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, a Foreign Member of the All–Union (later Russian) Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and only the second Australian Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Engineering. He was the first non–American recipient of the Robert E. Horton Medal, the highest award for hydrology of the American Geophysical Union. In 1998 he was made an Officer of the Order of Australia for ‘service to the science of hydrology, to scientific communication in promoting the interests of science for the community, and to Australian culture through architecture and literature’.This memoir discusses John Philip's character and his work as Australia's most distinguished environmental physicist. It also explores his management of science as well as his poetry and his fascination with architecture.

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47

Srisaeng, Panarat, Glenn S. Baxter, and Graham Wild. "THE EVOLUTION OF LOW COST CARRIERS IN AUSTRALIA." Aviation 18, no. 4 (December 22, 2014): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2014.987485.

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Due to the vast distances across the country as well as between urban centres, Australia is heavily reliant upon its air transport industry. Following deregulation of Australia's domestic air travel market on the 30th October, 1990, low cost carriers have entered the market. Australia's LCC market has had three discrete phases. The first wave occurred between 1990 and 1993 and was subsequently followed by a duopoly period in 1994–1999. The second wave occurred between 2000 and 2006 and the final wave has been in the post-2006 period. This paper examines the evolution of Australia's domestic low cost carrier airline market and finds that by 2010, low cost carriers had captured around 64 per cent of the market. Following the evolution of the “Virgin Australia” business model from a low cost carrier to a full service network carrier, commencing in 2011, the low cost carrier's market share has declined significantly and is now around 31 per cent. “Jetstar” and “Tiger Airways” are the two major carriers presently operating in this market segment.

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Male, Sally Amanda, and Robin W. King. "Enhancing learning outcomes from industry engagement in Australian engineering education." Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 10, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2019vol10no1art792.

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Industry engagement, commonly implemented as a 12 week industry placement during a vacation towards the end of the degree, has traditionally been a provider-mandated component of externally accredited professional engineering degrees in Australia. Such placements are intended to bridge knowledge and capability gaps between academic study and engineering employment and contextualise the final phase of academic study. Changes in the composition of Australia’s engineering industries have made it progressively harder to source such placements. In-curriculum exposure to engineering practice has also been expected, but has been delivered with considerable variability. In 2014 the authors completed a national project, led by the Australian Council of Engineering Deans (ACED), with peak industry bodies and several partner universities, funded from the Commonwealth Department of Industry Workplace Innovation Program, to explore how improving industry engagement could contribute further to engineering graduates’ learning outcomes and employability. The data collected from the engineering students and employers, reported in this paper, can now be regarded as baseline data on industry engagement, against which subsequent developments can be referenced. For the first time, students’ ratings of the value of different methods for industry engagement are shown to be related to their ‘authenticity’. Several industry-inspired in-curriculum interventions were also trialled at partner universities. Guidelines for good practice were developed from melding the experiential findings with theoretical perspectives. In the years since completing the project, the accreditation body, Engineers Australia, has updated and intensified its focus on engagement with practice (including changing its language from ‘exposure’ to ‘engagement’), and many engineering faculties have significantly enhanced their models and requirements for work integrated learning and industry engagement. This paper outlines these changes and examples of new implementations, including virtual and electronically-mediated methods that also reflect ongoing changes in engineering industry practice.

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Zhang, Zhiming, Yongtao Tan, Long Shi, Lei Hou, and Guomin Zhang. "Current State of Using Prefabricated Construction in Australia." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091355.

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The Australian prefabricated construction market has been developing rapidly in recent years. New prefabrication-related technologies, materials, systems and services are also emerging in the current Australian market. Although some studies have been undertaken to explore the benefits and challenges of implementing prefabrication in Australia over the past 15 years, they do not reflect the recent changes in the industry. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap and identify the major changes in the current Australian prefabricated construction industry from industrial perceptions. Through literature reviews and industry interviews, factors reflecting major changes in the current Australian prefabricated construction, including prefabrication industry development, emerging benefits and challenges, were identified and discussed in this study. The challenges identified from interviews were classified into eight aspects related to feasibility, design, manufacturing, transportation, on-site construction, standardisation, skills and knowledge, finance and market. Furthermore, 21 recommendations and related key responsible parties were identified to tackle these challenges. The findings will provide useful references for various stakeholders to have a better understanding of the current prefabrication industry development in the Australian context and re-think how to adapt to future changes for the uptake of prefabricated construction in Australia.

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Shephard, R. B., E. G. C. Smith, and D. D. Spurr. "Earthquake insurance loss assessments for regions of Australia." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 1 (March 31, 1997): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.30.1.32-39.

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Following the Newcastle earthquake of December 1989, a consortium of Australian insurance companies commissioned Works Consultancy Services Ltd, New Zealand to undertake earthquake probable maximum loss assessments for the main city centres of Australia. Studies have been completed for the regions around Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. Customised insurance loss assessment models were developed for each study region, with each including specific analytical models for geography, seismicity, ground conditions, patterns of building construction, and insurance company exposures. The analysis model includes earthquake insurance loss versus shaking intensity relationships derived from Australian and international data, and takes specific building vulnerabilities into account. Loss assessments target the Probable Maximum Loss in relation to return period.

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