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Academic literature on the topic 'Engel conditions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Engel conditions"

1

RAMEZAN-NASSAB, M., and D. KIANI. "RINGS SATISFYING GENERALIZED ENGEL CONDITIONS." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 11, no. 06 (November 14, 2012): 1250121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498812501216.

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Let R be an associative ring and let x, y ∈ R. Define the generalized commutators as follows: [x, 0y] = x and [x, ky] = [x, k-1y]y - y[x, k-1y](k = 1, 2, …). In this paper we study some generalized Engel rings, i.e. [Formula: see text]-rings (satisfying [xm(x, y), k(x, y)y] = 0), [Formula: see text]-rings (satisfying [xm(x, y), k(x, y)yn(x, y)] = 0) and [Formula: see text]-rings (satisfying [xm(x, y), k(x, y)yn(x, y)]r(x, y) = 0). Among other results, it is proved that every Artinian [Formula: see text]-ring is strictly Lie-nilpotent. Also, we show that in each of the following cases R has nil commutator ideal: (1) if R is a [Formula: see text]-ring with unity and k, n independent of y; (2) if R is a locally bounded [Formula: see text]-ring (defined below); (3) if R is an algebraic algebra over a field in which R* is a bounded Engel group or a soluble group.

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Lanski, Charles. "Skew Derivations and Engel Conditions." Communications in Algebra 42, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2012.707719.

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Mattarei, Sandro. "Engel conditions and symmetric tensors." Linear and Multilinear Algebra 59, no. 4 (April 2011): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081081003621295.

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Amberg, Bernhard, and Yaroslav P. Sysak. "Radical Rings with Engel Conditions." Journal of Algebra 231, no. 1 (September 2000): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jabr.2000.8370.

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Picelli, Enrico. "Semilocal rings with Engel conditions." Archiv der Mathematik 87, no. 4 (October 2006): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00013-006-1731-9.

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Fan, Yun, and Jinke Hai. "A Note on ?-Engel Conditions." Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics 25, no. 2 (October 2001): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10012-001-0223-x.

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Shumyatsky, Pavel. "Orderable groups with Engel-like conditions." Journal of Algebra 499 (April 2018): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2017.12.018.

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Koşan, M. Tamer, Tsiu-Kwen Lee, and Yiqiang Zhou. "Identities with Engel conditions on derivations." Monatshefte für Mathematik 165, no. 3-4 (October 21, 2010): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00605-010-0252-6.

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Calin, Ovidiu, Der-Chen Chang, and Jishan Hu. "Integrability conditions on Engel-type manifolds." Analysis and Mathematical Physics 5, no. 3 (June 23, 2015): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13324-015-0107-3.

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Ramezan-Nassab, Mojtaba. "Group Rings Satisfying Generalized Engel Conditions." Mathematical Researches 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/mmr.6.1.57.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Engel conditions"

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Engel, Stefan P. [Verfasser]. "Thyristor-Based High-Power On-Load Tap Changers : Control under Harsh Load Conditions / Stefan P. Engel." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124366547/34.

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Meriano, Maurizio. "Some group properties associated with two-variable words." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1009.

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2011 - 2012
Let w(x; y) be a word in two variables and W the variety determined by w. In this thesis, which includes a work made in collaboration with C. Nicotera [5], we raise the following question: if for every pair of elements a; b in a group G there exists g 2 G such that w(ag; b) = 1, under what conditions does the group G belong to W ? We introduce for every g 2 G the sets Ww L (g) = fa 2 G j w(g; a) = 1g and Ww R (g) = fa 2 G j w(a; g) = 1g ; where the letters L and R stand for left and right. In [2], M. Herzog, P. Longobardi and M. Maj observed that if a group G belongs to the class Y of all groups which cannot be covered by conjugates of any proper subgroup, then G is abelian if for every a; b 2 G there exists g 2 G for which [ag; b] = 1. Hence when G is a Y -group and w is the commutator word [x; y], the set Ww L (g) = Ww R (g) is the centralizer of g in G, and the answer to the problem is a rmative. If G belongs to the class Y , we show that, more generally, the problem has a positive answer whenever each subset Ww L (g) is a subgroup of G, or equivalently, if each subset Ww R (g) is a subgroup of G. The sets Ww L (g) and Ww R (g) can be called the centralizer-like subsets associated with the word w. They need not be subgroups in general: we examine some su cient conditions on the group G ensuring that the sets Ww L (g) and Ww R (g) are subgroups of G for all g in G. We denote by W w L and W w R respectively the class of all groups G for which the set Ww L (g) is a subgroup of G for every g 2 G and the class of all groups G for which each subset Ww R (g) is a subgroup... [edited by author]
XI n.s.

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Engl, Albert [Verfasser], and Otmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Biebel. "Precise muon drift tube detectors for high background rate conditions / Albert Engl. Betreuer: Otmar Biebel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015170528/34.

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Raju, Priyadharsini Verfasser], Bertram [Akademischer Betreuer] [Brenig, Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Engel, and Ibrahim [Akademischer Betreuer] Adham. "Identification of molecular role of Pelota protein in proliferation and differentiation of male germ stem cells by analysis of conditional knock-out mice : Molecular role of Pelota on male germ stem cells in mouse / Priyadharsini Raju. Gutachter: Wolfgang Engel ; Ibrahim Adham. Betreuer: Bertram Brenig." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071713590/34.

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Chen, Hung-Yuan, and 陳弘遠. "Differential Identities with Engel Conditions." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40675429031446343294.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
99
This thesis focuses on kernel inclusions of algebraic automorphisms, generalized derivations with Engel conditions and generalized derivations cocentralizing polynomials. In Chapter 1 we consider algebraic automorphisms with kernel inclusions. Let R be a prime ring. For an automorphism σ of R we let R(σ) def. = {x ∈ R | σ(x) = x}. Assume that σ is algebraic. We characterize the automorphism τ of R such that R(σ) ⊆ R(τ). In Chapters 2,3 and 4 we consider certain identities with generalized derivations. Firstly, we concern generalized derivations cocentralizing polynomials. Let R be a prime ring with extended centroid C and let f(X1, . . . ,Xt) be a polynomial over C with zero constant term. Let D and G be generalized derivations of R. We characterize D,G and f(X1, . . . ,Xt) satisfying D(f(x1, . . . , xt))f(x1, . . . , xt) − f(x1, . . . , xt)G(f(x1, . . . , xt))∈ C for all x1, . . . , xt in R. Secondly, we consider certain Engel conditions on polynomials with generalized derivations. Precisely, we characterize D and f(X1, . . . ,Xt) such that the following Engel identity is satisfied: [D(f(x1, . . . , xt)), f(x1, . . . , xt)]k= 0 for all x1, . . . , xt in R. At the end, we concern a generalization of the previous two situations. Precisely, we characterize D,G and f(X1, . . . ,Xt) satisfying [D(f(x1, . . . , xt))f(x1, . . . , xt)−f(x1, . . . , xt)G(f(x1, . . . , xt)), f(x1, . . . , xt)]k= 0 for all x1, . . . , xt in R.

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Books on the topic "Engel conditions"

1

Frédéric Engel-Dollfus, un industriel saint-simonien. Paris: Christian, 2003.

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Hans, Engel, and Gutheil Jörn-Erik, eds. "Der Herr schafft Gerechtigkeit und Recht": Festschrift für Hans Engel. Wuppertal: Foedus-Verlag, 2000.

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3

1956-, Kentel Ferhat, ed. Euro-Türkler: Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği arasında köprü mü, engel mi? : Almanya-Türkleri ve Fransa-Türkleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2005.

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4

John, Lea, and Pilling Geoffrey, eds. The condition of Britain: Essays on Frederick Engels. London: Pluto Press, 1996.

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5

The condition of England question: Carlyle, Mill, Engels. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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6

Peter, Rieder. Vals: Enges Tal, weite Welt. Chur: Terra Grischuna, 2009.

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7

Engels, Manchester, and the working class. New York: Norton, 1985.

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8

Gendai Indo keizai: Hatten no engen, kiseki, tenbō. Nagoya-shi: Nagoya Daigaku Shuppankai, 2014.

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9

Frow, Edmund. Frederick Engels in Manchester and "The condition of the working class in England". Salford: Working Class Movement Library, 1995.

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Henkels, Walter. Alltag in Trizonesien: Spurensicherung, dabei an die Enkel denkend. Düsseldorf: ECON, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Engel conditions"

1

Levin, Michael. "Friedrich Engels: to England." In The Condition of England Question, 120–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26562-6_7.

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Kim, Y. K., and A. H. Rhemtulla. "Orderable Groups Satisfying an Engel Condition." In Ordered Algebraic Structures, 73–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1723-4_5.

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Levin, Michael. "Friedrich Engels: Workers and Revolution." In The Condition of England Question, 137–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26562-6_8.

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Dennehy, Anne. "The Condition of the Working Class in England: 150 Years On." In Engels Today, 95–127. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24871-1_5.

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Zwart, Hub. "Dialectical Materialism." In Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 67–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84570-4_3.

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AbstractAlthough Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels strictly speaking never used the term, “dialectical materialism” refers to the philosophy of science and nature developed in (and on the basis of) their writings, emphasising the pivotal role of real-world socio-economic conditions (e.g. labour, class struggle, technological developments). As indicated by their correspondence (Marx & Engels, 1983), their collaboration represented a unique intellectual partnership which began in Paris in 1844 and continued after Marx’s death, when Engels took care of Marx’s legacy, notably the sprawling mass of manuscripts which he managed to transform into Volume II and III of Capital. While their joint effort (resulting in no less than 44 volumes of collected writings known as the Marx Engels Werke, published by Dietz Verlag Berlin) began as co-authorship, they eventually decided on a division of labour (with Marx focussing on Capital), although reading, reviewing, commenting on and contributing to each other’s writings remained an important part of their research practice. As a result of this division of labour, while Marx focussed on political economy, Engels dedicated himself to elaborating a dialectical materialist philosophy of nature and the natural sciences, resulting in works such as the Anti-Dühring and his unfinished Dialectics of Nature (published posthumously), although Engels (a voracious intellectual) wrote and published on may other topics as well, so that his output can be regarded as a dialectical materialist encyclopaedia in fragments. Again, although I will start with an exposition of dialectical materialism, my aim is not to contribute to scholarly discussions on dialectical materialism. My focus is on the how and now, and my aim is to explore how to practice dialectical materialism of technoscience today (cf. Žižek, 2014/2015, p. 1; Hamza, 2016, p. 163).

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Lima, Flávio. "Under the Shadows of Capital-Imperialism: Conditions of Expropriation and Exploitation of Haitian Immigrants." In Marx, Engels, and Marxisms, 131–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98839-5_6.

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Tambling, Jeremy. "Engels: The Condition of the Working Class in England." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62592-8_213-1.

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Tambling, Jeremy. "Engels: The Condition of the Working Class in England." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies, 608–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62419-8_213.

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Roth, Regina. "Engels’s Condition of the Working Class in England in the Context of Its Time (1845–1892)." In Marx, Engels, and Marxisms, 3–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55211-4_1.

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Khajikhan, Tansaya. "Gender Difference in Households’ Expenditure on Higher Education: Evidence from Mongolia." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 211–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_11.

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AbstractThe existing evidence suggests that there is a reverse gender gap in higher education in Mongolia. Prior studies on the reverse gender gap in education were based on the gross enrolment rates and did not delve deeper in terms of using empirical data analyzed over an extended time-period. This paper investigates gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education and tracks changes over the ten-year period from 2008 to 2018 using empirical data. In this regard, this study examines the factors and determinants responsible for the gender bias in the households’ expenditure on higher education. To address these questions, the study employs the Engel Curve approach (unconditional educational expenditure) and Hurdle model, which estimates bias in the enrolment decisions and bias in the conditional educational expenditure, both at the household and individual level in 2008 and 2018, using the Household Socio-Economic Survey of Mongolia. Its findings illustrate that gender bias in households’ expenditure on higher education does exist, and it favors girls over boys at the household and individual levels in 2008 and 2018. The findings show that households allocate a greater share of education expenditure to females aged 16–18 and 19–24 than to their male counterparts. Statistical analysis suggests that households’ residence and the occupation of household heads are two important factors affecting this gender bias. Thus, if a household resides in the countryside and its head is employed in the agricultural sector, female offspring are more likely to receive higher education than male offspring. Traditional gender roles and the Mongolian way of life, which centers around attending to livestock and requiring a male labor force and the wage gap, are contextual factors that help explain this gender bias.

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Conference papers on the topic "Engel conditions"

1

Cicalò, Serena, and Willem de Graaf. "Non-associative gröbner bases, finitely-presented lie rings and the engel condition." In the 2007 international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1277548.1277563.

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Matović, Ivana. "Metodički principi približavanja uslovnih rečenica (engl. Conditional Sentences) u nastavi engleskog jezika." In Nauka, nastava, učenje u izmenjenom društvenom kontekstu. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Education in Uzice, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/nnu21.429m.

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This paper deals with establishing and solving of potential problems concerning clarification and efficient learning of conditional sentences in the English language, that are a grammar unit which often seems like an insurmountable obstacle for those whose learning target is language mastery and therefore skillful use of these sentences. Primarily, the process of teachers transferring knowledge to secondary school students is taken into consideration, as these students possess the necessary linguistic knowledge and cognitive scheme as a potential for the effective acquisition of the relevant unit. In their case, therefore, the very learning process can result in skillful use of conditional sentences and their activation through linguistic skills. The accent is not only on the process of conditional sentence forming, but also on potential problems, and overcoming of those from the aspect of methodical principles, primarily deductive learning and cognitive approach, with the aim of indicating the importance of teaching grammar as a skill.

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Rizzi, G., M. Manzo, and C. Sidot. "Condition assessment of power cables in the ENEL distribution network, considerations after 2 years trial." In 18th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20050890.

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Ruggeri, Gaetano, and Luigi Brusa. "Management of Radioactive Waste and Materials Arising From the Decommissioning of Italian Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1183.

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Abstract Scope of the paper is to summarise the experience about management of materials arising from decommissioning of Italian NPPs, and to illustrate criteria, procedures and systems, which Sogin is defining to manage the problem of the clearance of sites and materials, considering the international experience and boundary conditions existing in the Country. Since 1962 Enel (the largest Italian utility for electric power) has operated the four Italian nuclear power plants: Garigliano (160 MWe BWR), Latina (210 MWe GCR), Trino (270 MWe PWR) and Caorso (882 MWe BWR). These NPPs were shutdown in the 80’s: Garigliano NPP was shutdown in 1982 following a decision made by Enel, based on technical and economical reasons, Latina, Trino and Caorso NPPs following decisions made by the Italian Government after the Chernobyl accident. The “deferred decommissioning (SAFSTOR)” was the decommissioning strategy selected by Enel and approved by the competent Authorities, due to the lack of a repository for the disposal of radioactive materials and of release limits for clearance of materials. Activities have been started aimed at reaching the “Safe Enclosure” condition, which would have lasted for some decades, before final dismantling of plants. In 1999 the liberalisation of the Italian electricity market led Enel to separate its nuclear activities, forming a new Company, named Sogin, to which decommissioning Italian NPPs was committed. At the same time, considering pressures, both at national and local level, to adopt the “prompt decommissioning (DECON)” strategy, in December 1999 the Italian Minister of Industry, with the intent to accelerate the dismantling of Italian NPPs, presented the plans to create a national repository for nuclear waste, and asked Sogin to revise the decommissioning plans, according to the new global strategy, taking into account all the relevant technical, organisational, financial and legislative aspects of the problem. As the DECON strategy enhances the importance of “clean-up” both of sites and materials, the related aspects are held in due consideration in developing the decommissioning plans, which deal with the following: • characterisation of plant systems, components and structures; • decontamination and dismantling techniques; • monitoring of dismantled materials for clearance; • treatment of dismantled, radioactive materials (which cannot be cleared), prior to disposal; • treatment and conditioning of radioactive waste, prior to disposal; • final clearance of sites. Authorisation requirement related to the release, recycle and reuse of materials produced during plant decommissioning, together with the acceptance criteria for disposal of radioactive materials, are of key importance, considering that the change in decommissioning strategy increases the quantity of radioactive waste to be disposed of, the costs for waste treatment, transportation and disposal, and the capacity of the national repository. In this connection, Sogin is discussing with competent Authorities and Bodies in order to define clearance criteria and disposal acceptance criteria, which neither impair nor complicate the future dismantling operations. In (1) details are given about Italian decommissioning Regulation, decommissioning strategy and Organisation, in order to show the boundary conditions, which exist in Italy for planning and development of NPPs Decommissioning Projects. In the following paragraphs the decommissioning strategy is summarised first together with some critical items of decommissioning; then the Italian regulation about the management of radioactive waste is reported. The management of waste and materials, which will arise from the decommissioning of Italian nuclear power plants, is driven by the requirements imposed by the competent Authorities basing on this regulation.

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Benovsky, Peter, Iarno Brunetti, Stefano Sigali, Christine Leroy, Paolo Gheri, and Stefano Cocchi. "NOx Reduction Strategy in GE10 Hydrogen-Fuelled Heavy Duty Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51270.

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In December 2006 Enel promoted a project oriented towards Environment and Innovation including the development of zero emission plants. The hydrogen project foresees the construction of a 11 MWe hydrogen-fed gas turbine able to couple high efficiency (fuel utilization) with low nitrogen-oxide emissions. The project (partly funded by Regione Veneto, a local authority in the North-East of Italy), will be built at Enel’s coal-fired Fusina Power Plant [1]. The aim of a first demonstrative phase is to verify the correct operation of the gas turbine supplied by pure hydrogen and to acquire know-how of hydrogen combustion, safety aspects and control technologies in gas turbine cycles. In the second phase, the goal will be to optimize the combustion technology, paying particular attention to NOx emissions. To make hydrogen suitable for the electricity generation in an environmentally compatible manner, Enel is developing the Fusina’s experimental power plant project. Since currently no commercial hydrogen burners are suitable for gas turbine power plants, both Enel and Nuovo Pignone are investigating feasible solutions for a hydrogen-fuelled low-NOx diffusion burner design. In this context, this paper presents the results from a CFD analysis showing the NOx reduction based on steam injection and burner minor modifications. An initial model with a coarse mesh and simple aerodynamic treatment was used to evaluate the NOx emissions with varying amount of steam injected into the combustion chamber. In the view of the following experimental campaign, some solutions have been selected after an initial tuning of the CFD model. Furthermore, a second CFD model based on a finer mesh and a detailed geometry discretization will enable a more precise investigation of the fluidynamic field. Results of the numerical model, which simulates a GE10 gas turbine combustor fuelled with pure hydrogen, are presented and compared with experimental tests at full scale and full pressure conditions.

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Martelli, F., G. Riccio, G. Benelli, D. Cecchini, and L. Carrai. "Scaling From Atmospheric Pressure Rig to Full-Scale Pressure for the Emission Measurements From a Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0070.

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Investigating the pressure scalability of pollutant emissions from a heavy-duty diffusion flame type, natural gas fuelled gas turbine combustor a two steps approach is presented in the current paper. First a theoretical viewpoint is established using similitude theory to characterize the operation conditions chosen for atmospheric tests in relation to the real gas turbine pressurized conditions. Then the corresponding experimental tests are presented for the full-scale gas turbine combustor in the original version both under atmospheric and pressurized gas turbine conditions at the ENEL test facilities. The results from the theoretical study indicate, that similitude cannot be maintained rigorously between the atmospheric and pressurized tests. However the experimentally determined NOx-emissions obtained under the reduced similarity test conditions provide a pressure scaling relation that can be maintained between the original and the retrofitted version of the combustor.

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Can, Zeynep Gizem, Ufuk Can, and Harun Bal. "Inclusive Growth and Globalization: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02277.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between inclusive growth and globalization. Since both concepts are multidimensional and do not directly related data on these concepts, an inclusive growth index is formed which covers sixteen different data with the help of principal component analysis. The globalization data are compiled from the KOF Swiss Economic Institute and the relationship between them is determined by Engle-Granger cointegration, Granger causality and ARDL bounds tests. Econometric findings show that inclusive growth has accelerated in the period between 1991 and 2015, that there is a long-term relationship with the inclusive growth index and the globalization index. This situation is contradictory with the conclusion that the causality relationship in the literature is towards global growth through inclusive growth. Information, social, economic and financial globalizations are directly related to economic performance, education, health and infrastructure investments and its funding conditions.

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Tiribuzi, Stefano. "Numerical Assessment of SCAP: A Passive System for Preventing Thermoacoustic Oscillations in Gas Turbine Annular Combustors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28063.

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ENEL operates a dozen combined cycle units whose V94.3A gas turbines are equipped with annular combustors. In such lean premixed gas turbines, particular operation conditions could trigger large pressure oscillations due to thermoacoustic instabilities. The ENEL Research unit is studying this phenomenon in order to find out methods which could avoid or mitigate such events. The use of effective numerical analysis techniques allowed us to investigate the realistic time evolution and behaviour of the acoustic fields associated with this phenomenon. KIEN, an in-house low diffusive URANS code capable of simulating 3D reactive flows, has been used in the Very Rough Grid approach. This approach permits the simulation, with a reasonable computational time, of quite long real transients with a computational domain extended over all the resonant volumes involved in the acoustic phenomenon. The V94.3A gas turbine model was set up with a full combustor 3D grid, going from the compressor outlet up to the turbine inlet, including both the annular plenum and the annular combustion chamber. The grid extends over the entire circular angle, including all the 24 premixed burners. Numerical runs were performed with the normal V94.3A combustor configuration, with input parameters set so as no oscillations develop in the standard ambient conditions. Wide pressure oscillations on the contrary are associated with the circumferential acoustic modes of the combustor, which have their onset and grow when winter ambient conditions are assumed. These results also confirmed that the sustaining mechanism is based on the equivalence ratio fluctuation of premix mixture and that plenum plays an important role in such mechanism. Based on these findings, a system for controlling the thermoacoustic oscillation has been conceived (Patent Pending), which acts on the plenum side of the combustor. This system, called SCAP (Segmentation of Combustor Annular Plenum), is based on the subdivision of the plenum annular volume by means of a few meridionally oriented walls. Repetition of KIEN runs with a SCAP configuration, in which a suitable number of segmentation walls were properly arranged in the annular plenum, demonstrated the effectiveness of this solution in preventing the development of wide thermoacoustic oscillations in the combustor.

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Hanninger, Lisa-Marie, Jessica Laxa, and Diane Ahrens. "Rural areas on their way to a smart village - experiences from living labs in Bavaria." In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.7.

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This paper presents an overview of the approaches and experiences from existing living labs: german rural villages in which several digital solutions had been developed and implemented. The test villages have been selected based on a competition and are funded by the Bavarian state government in the project "Digitales Dorf" (Engl. digital village). Started in 2016 several measures had been taken to push digitalization in these rural areas with the goal to create equivalent living conditions to urban areas. The research question is how digitalization enhances the value of rural areas and which methods can be used to overcome the digitalization gap with a transferable and simple approach. This paper focuses on the transformation process rather than digital solutions, and presents requirements and best practices to promote digitalization in rural environments, their municipal processes and traditional approaches in everyday life.

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Malavasi, Francesco, Paolo Pesce, Alice Virginia Pesenti, Paolo Traverso, and Domenico Zito. "Ansaldo AE94.3A Combustion Improvement Towards Flexibility Through Extensive Field Testing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94680.

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Being the European energy market in a sort of stagnation, flexibility is nowadays particularly profitable, with increasing care of environmental minimum load, maximum load and loading/unloading rate. For its F class model AE94.3A4, Ansaldo Energia has identified two technical keys for success: - Combustion stability - Combustion efficiency Thanks to a cooperation agreement with ENEL PRODUCTION, the largest Italian electricity utility, Ansaldo Energia had the possibility to design, introduce on one GT and test several combustion system modifications addressed to improve the performance of the whole GT by a synergy between proven design burners and cooling / sealing air optimization. During 3 months, 5 combustion system configurations have been installed and tested on the GT made available from ENEL. Taking into account that each burner is equipped with different kinds of pilot injections, the number of effective tested configurations amounts to 11. The configurations have been chosen in a large range of premixing ability, from high premixing to high diffusion rate. Due to the optimization of secondary air system, it has been necessary to install additional instrumentation in order to monitor the impact on the hot gas path components, with the aim of maintaining temperature conditions consistent with long life requirements. In the end, 3 combustion configurations were identified as able to cover 3 ranges of environmental requirements as: 1 – High populated residential areas (NOx emission < 30 mg/Nm3) 2 – Medium populated or light industrial (NOx emission < 40 mg/Nm3) 3 – Very low populated areas or heavy industrial (NOx emission < 50 mg/Nm3) Premixing is generally the more effective element to defeat N2 oxidation, with the side effect of making the combustion process particularly sensitive to pressure pulsations. So the efforts of the combustion designer have been spent to carefully modulate the injection of fuel in order to allow a good compromise between stability and emission.

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