Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Engagements with the Past'

In dominant archaeological discourse, looting has been primarily discussed in connection with its assumed profit-related motives and the destruction it causes to the archaeological context of antiquities. Such ways of thinking, however valid they may be in some instances, result in an inadequate representation and understanding of looting, which conflates diverse forms of non-professional digging and search for antiquities, ignores the socio-cultural contexts they are embedded within, and undermines or disregards the objectives or perspectives of those perceived as ‘looters’. This thesis addresses these problems and attempts to deconstruct the blanket conceptualisation of looting that assimilates and denounces a range of acts, from a failure to register an antiquity, the unauthorised possession of an artefact, to an object’s sale for subsistence purposes. In light of this, I present and interpret cases of non-professional digging and collection (but not sale) of relics gathered from ethnographic research amongst local communities in Kozani in north-western Greece. The results of the ethnographic research, interwoven with the critically analysed impact of official archaeology’s epistemology and practice (applied in Greece and elsewhere), offers a multi-layered understanding of looting, which goes beyond professionalised notions and ethics. I contend that rather than being inspired by economic objectives, looting phenomena often involve an array of diverse, complex and ambiguous social activities, embedded in daily practices. This study of looting is essentially a study of non-professionals, who physically engage with the material past, in order to control the past’s materiality and symbolic meaning and eventually construct social power for themselves. On one level, it attempts to scrutinize the complex forms of reaction and resistance of ordinary people towards official archaeology. On a deeper level, it hopes to reveal the hybrid character of seemingly opposing practices. The control over antiquities and the desire for the symbolic and social power it generates, transcend professional and non-professional behaviours towards the material past.

Rock art remains a tangible part of landscapes for hundreds or thousands of years due to its fixation in space and its potential durability, making it especially valuable in understanding synchronic and diachronic processes of human symbolic engagement with their landscapes. The accretional nature of rock art at sites and in wider landscapes, embodying visible traces of meaningful past human (or ancestral or supernatural) action at specific places, has provoked reactions and response by successive populations. Many rock art sites show evidence of continuous and discontinuous use over considerable periods of time, and many, if not most rock art sites have undergone additions or modifications of pictographs and/or petroglyphs after an initial marking event. Rock art sites often appear to have been attributed significance by their successive users and may have been modified to suit changing perceptions and uses of these places and the wider landscapes. Rock art site- and landscapes are thus 'updated' and transformed during successive marking episodes. Over time they have evolved into palimpsests of 'past' and 'present' marks and marked places. Rock art making and use is, consequently, a dynamic process reflecting changing attitudes to and understandings of places and landscapes. Under these premises the present study introduces and discusses a regional sample of one of the least known bodies of rock art on the African continent, that of sub-Saharan Mali. Based on a substantial corpus of newly recorded rock art from the Baoule-Bakoye region of south-western Mali detailed descriptions of motifs in their site and landscape contexts are provided according to a consistent set of definitions and terms. The discussion of this rock art corpus focuses on the use of graphic symbolism and space at rock art sites in synchronic and diachronic perspectives, including issues of access and audiences, which hint at differences in social contexts of marking. The process of transforming or 'updating' of symbolic landscapes over time is followed in this study by discussing the 'life-histories' of rock art panels, sites and landscapes in the study region. 'Life-histories' of rock art sites comprise an initial marking event (which may have been triggered by a pre-existing importance attached to the particular locality) as well as often multiple subsequent marking events and episodes. The latter may include a variety of reactions to existing rock art, such as modifications of motifs, or the addition of new pictographs or petroglyphs to existing panels, sometimes in superimposition or juxtaposition to existing motifs. Such palimpsests thus inform about changing perceptions and uses of past markings and marked places in the past. Sub-Saharan Mali in addition provides a rare example of a contemporary rock art tradition, that of the Dogon people of the Bandiagara region in the centre of the country, which informs us not only about the social contexts of rock art making and use, but also illustrates interrelationships between symbolically marked places and the construction of personal and group identities. A case study of the Dogon circumcision rock shelter at Songo, where marking and re-marking takes place in a ritual context, follows the life- history of this site over the past century on the basis of a photographic documentation. Songo consequently provides a contemporary example of the dynamic nature and temporality of rock art making and use. It also shows how additions to and modifications of rock art sites in turn influence and transform human engagement with these localities over time. This thesis thus goes beyond the common stylistic approach to rock art in sub-Saharan West Africa, highlighting the dynamic nature of rock art making and use. It introduces contextual and in particular landscape approaches to the recording and study of rock art in sub-Saharan West Africa, while also considering almost a century of documentation and discussion of the rock art imagery. The thesis challenges current understandings of the character, age-range and the presumed social and cultural contexts of rock art in sub-Saharan Mali, and proposes new hypotheses as to the historical and archaeological contexts of this diverse rock art corpus in a diachronic perspective.

The course of Christian mission in Malaysia spans a period of almost fivehundred years. It traversed a path that began as a military crusade but then fellshort of its goals in the centuries after and has now arrived once more at thecrossroads. This dissertation reflects upon the course taken thus far and fromits present juncture ponders the passage ahead. The starting-point is mission as it was perceived in the past: an enterprise of

The course of Christian mission in Malaysia spans a period of almost fivehundred years. It traversed a path that began as a military crusade but then fellshort of its goals in the centuries after and has now arrived once more at thecrossroads. This dissertation reflects upon the course taken thus far and fromits present juncture ponders the passage ahead. The starting-point is mission as it was perceived in the past: an enterprise of""saving souls"" and ""planting churches"" with the inculturation of the Christian faith all but neglected. Viewed as an institution of Western colonialism, the Church attained a degree of prestige and influence in society that has since been unsurpassed. With the birth of the new Malaysian nation in 1963, however, the marginalisation of the Church is increasingly apparent. Within the Church itself there is tension as it strives to understand mission not just in the traditional terms of conversion and church growth but as public engagement for common life in the Malaysian pIural society. Such tension is evident in the different responses of the church hierarchy and the laity in the Malaysian Borneo state of Sabah to the powerful force of state-sponsored Islamisation during the early 1970s. In the final analysis this study finds that socio-political forces operative in the contemporary Malaysian situation provide the greatest impetus for the emergence of a new approach to mission. This involves looking beyond church-centered goals to making a positive Christian contribution to national life. The fact that the Christian community is a marginal minority articulating its Christian viewpoint from within a context of religious pluralism means that the emphasis must necessarily be placed on interfaith dialogue as an integral part of the development of Christian missionary understanding today.

In Willa Cather's My Ántonia, nostalgia marks both the ambience of the novel and its critical focus. This thesis illuminates Cather's self-aware deployment of nostalgia as an artistic tool and nostalgia's role in Jim Burden's agenda-driven narrative. Jim adopts nostalgic narrative as propaganda to justify and glorify his past and present life, presenting his past as a simplified and romanticized origin myth. However, through the novel's frame narrative and the frequent, jarring vignettes of violence and discord, Cather undermines Jim's authority as a narrator and prompts reconsideration of Cather's endorsement of his nostalgic creation. By appreciating the complex deployment of nostalgia within the text we are prompted to reconsider assumptions about nostalgia, Cather, and Cather's interest in representations of the past.

A Muslim should be encouraged to comprehend the benefit and value behind every aspect of Islamic practice and wisdom, and not just practice their religion because they were told to do so. The products proposed in this thesis aim to achieve this by inviting and encouraging a Muslim to practice The Five Pillars of Islam while comprehending their value through the use of modern means such as Arduino technology, 3D printing and visual computing programing. I am provoked by the fact that the circle of Gulf-region Muslims I’m surrounded by, and have been exposed to since childhood, belong to one of two stereotypes: those against or afraid of change who force adherence to religious chapter and verse, or those straying further and further away from our religion’s rituals and traditions. Can the practice of religion, and the values that it teaches us, be made more accessible and engaging by incorporating the very technology that is often accused of distracting us from its practice?

La séquence 1791-1793 de la Révolution française constitue un moment d'incertitude et de refondation dans les engagements politiques. Du département du Pas-de-Calais à celui des Ardennes, les territoires frontaliers français peuvent être envisagés comme un carrefour de circulation des hommes et des supports d'expression entre Paris, l'Angleterre et la Belgique. L'analyse quantitative des thématiques présentes dans les pétitions, les adresses, les chansons souligne le partage, par des groupes sociopolitiques différents, de mêmes références : la défense de la Patrie ou encore la lutte contre les complots. Toutefois, l'étude des émeutes et des cérémonies civiques révèle les usages concurrents de ces références. L'appropriation politique, c'est-à-dire l'adaptation partisane et locale de mots d'ordre généraux, s'intensifie durant une période où s'affirment de nouveaux intermédiaires tels que les membres des sociétés poltiiques ou les soldats. Cette adaptation de thématiques politiques générales aux aspirations matérielles et aux craintes militaires des populations encourage les identifications collectives et provoque des engagements élargis. En même temps, les appropriations induisent des détournements de sens qui empêchent tout encadrement strict des interventions collectives. Les impératifs de Salut public et les stratégies partisanes conduisent alors les détenteurs de fonctions officielles et les militants à mettre en œuvre de nouvelles structures de contrôle pour stabiliser l'ordre local et national. Nous proposons donc une contribution à l'histoire de la politisation et des dynamiques révolutionnaires qui restitue la multiplicité des interactions et des possibles
The French Revolution's period that stretches from 1791 to 1793 stands as a time of uncertainty and reconstruction as far as political commitments are concerned. From Pas-de-Calais to Ardennes, French border territories may be considered as a crossroads where men and ideas circulate between Paris, England, and Belgium. The quantitative analysis of the themes tackled in petitions, adresses, songs underscores the fact that groups from different socio-political origins share the same references : the defence of the motherland or the struggle against conspiracies. However, the study of riots or civil ceremonies reveals thet the various ways of using these references compete against each other. The political endorsement, which can be defined as the local adaptation of general topics, becomes more obvious at a time when new intermediaries - such as soldiers or members of political societies - manifest themselves more openly. This adaptation of general political themes to the material aspirations as well as the military fears of population encourages collective identifications and causes wider commitments. At the same time, these endorsements entail distortions of meaning, making it impossible for any collective entity to control them. The neccesary public safety, as well as politically biased strategies, thus lead officials and political activists to establish new structures of control whose aim is to stabilize local and national order. Therefore, we offer a contribution to the history of politization and revolutionary forces, whose ambition is to account for the numerous interactions and possibilities

Community archaeology's broader objectives include increasing public understanding of archaeology and making archaeology more relevant to people's day to day lives. Fulfilling these goals could be beneficial to the public in terms of their gaining more agency in, and more access to, archaeology; and it could be beneficial to archaeologists in terms of increasing public support for archaeological work. While many community archaeologists report success, few authors critically evaluate the experience and outcomes of community archaeology. As a result, little data-based understanding exists about what is gained through community archaeology. This project explores that question through three primary means: 1) a community archaeology field research project on Sauvie Island in Portland, Oregon, in which I interview public (n=16) and professional (n=6) participants before and after their involvement in fieldwork, 2) interviews with local professional archaeologists (n=15) from various backgrounds, and 3) a broad baseline face-to-face survey of the Portland area public (n=254). The latter two data collection methods provide supporting and comparative information intended to add layers of meaning to the analysis of the Sauvie Island field project participants' thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to the field project. My results show that the majority of the non-archaeologist public have positive and often enthusiastic attitudes towards archaeology. These attitudes remain or are reinforced through participation in community archaeology. This trend appears to exist irrespective of partial public understandings of archaeology, wherein many members of the public are aware of real aspects of archaeology, but simultaneously express inaccurate perceptions of the nature of archaeology. Archaeologists demonstrate misunderstandings of the public, particularly in terms of public participation in community archaeology leading to the destruction of sites or the breakdown of scientific rigor. These fears often lack data-based or experiential support, and are less present in archaeologists with more experience working with the public. Generally, archaeologists enjoy interaction with the public in participatory contexts, and see various benefits to public involvement. My research shows that tying archaeology to present day life, to intimate technical details of the archaeological fieldwork experience, and to engagement with the natural landscape, are crucial aspects of increasing archaeology's relevance to the public. Despite misunderstandings on both sides, mutually beneficial public/professional involvement in community archaeology is possible.

Cette thèse se propose d'explorer ce que signifie "être agriculteur bio" aujourd'hui en Wallonie. Après une analyse socio-historique du développement de l'agriculture biologique dans cette région d'Europe, la première partie s'attache à comprendre en finesse les parcours de vie des agriculteurs bio wallons, leurs pratiques ainsi que la construction de leurs identités professionnelles. La deuxième partie se penche quant à elle sur les aspects institutionnels de l'agriculture bio :sur la structuration du secteur syndical et associatif ainsi que sur les interactions entre les pratiques des agriculteurs et la législation encadrant l'agriculture biologique.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

L’extinction unilatérale des engagements fait partie des notions déroutantes : l’association de deux mots dont le sens commun est opposé (engagement et extinction) est annonciatrice d’insécurité en ce qu’elle porte atteinte à la force obligatoire des engagements ; l’opposition entre le caractère unilatéral de l’extinction et le mutuus propre au contrat fait naître une méfiance, source de méconnaissance, à l’égard de la notion. Ces obstacles outrepassés, une théorie générale de cet acte unilatéral accessoire d’un engagement peut alors s’esquisser; sa dimension contentieuse en révèle les implications pratiques. Les fondements de l’extinction unilatérale et la manière dont elle se produit peuvent être dévoilés à travers une approche objective délimitant les contours de l’acte émis et une approche subjective centrée sur ses acteurs. L’approche objective impose l’étude de notions clés : acte juridique, acte unilatéral, acte extinctif et engagement. Il en ressort non seulement une définition précise de l’extinction unilatérale des engagements, mais aussi – et surtout – un régime juridique cohérent. L’approche subjective introduit au sein de ce régime une composante supplémentaire et nécessaire à travers les acteurs de l’extinction unilatérale des engagements. Le droit positif propose alors un paysage juridique où l’extinction unilatérale s’émancipe du principe de l’irrévocabilité des engagements en prenant en compte les intérêts légitimes de son auteur. Toutefois, en contrepartie de la liberté concédée aux individus, l’exercice du droit d’extinction unilatérale est canalisé, organisé, dirigé ou borné par un législateur ou un juge sensible aux intérêts légitimes du destinataire. A la « stabilité absolue » des engagements, succède alors, non pas une instabilité désordonnée, mais une stabilité adaptée à chaque situation.

Il s’agit d’une étude de droit des actes juridiques internationaux (engagements conventionnels et unilatéraux), portant sur un mécanisme largement utilisé dans la pratique conventionnelle mais très peu étudié en doctrine, celui de la suspension, distingué des mécanismes, plus radicaux mais finalement moins intéressants peut-être, d’extinction des engagements. Pour la première fois, est proposée une définition de la suspension, préalablement distinguée des notions voisines avec lesquelles elle a souvent été confondue (dispense, exception d’inexécution, force majeure, contre-mesures, réserve, etc… et surtout, dénonciation et retrait). La définition proposée fait état des caractéristiques de la suspension telle qu’elle se donne à voir dans les clauses conventionnelles, la pratique diplomatique et la jurisprudence, et prend appui sur la « théorie de l’engagement ». L’étude vise également à clarifier le régime de la suspension, duquel Fitzmaurice disait qu’il soulevait de « graves difficultés de classification et de plan ». L’examen de la pratique révèle en effet que ce régime n’est pas unique mais dual, originalité qui ne manquera pas de frapper la curiosité du lecteur, et dont la mise à jour permet une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de suspension
This study focuses on a mechanism frequently used in legal practice, but, surprisingly, often ignored in international doctrine: suspension. The mechanism of suspension is to be distinguished from more radical, but arguably less interesting mechanisms, such as revocation. Suspension will be analysed within the context of both conventional and unilateral international law commitments. For the first time, a general definition of suspension will be proposed, which sets it apart from the many similar notions with which it has been confused, such as dispense, exception of inexecution, force majeure, countermeasures, reservations, …, and last but not least, denunciation and withdrawal. The proposed definition also aims to identify characteristics that are unique to suspension, as shown in treaty clauses, in diplomatic practice and case law, and as supported by « commitment theory ». The study will also clarify the legal regime of suspension, which, according to Fitzmaurice, involves « serious difficulties of classification and content ». Indeed, a closer look at suspension in practical terms reveals that there are not one, but two legal regimes of suspension. This eye-opening conclusion will not fail to engage the reader’s interest and will contribute to our further understanding of the phenomenon of suspension

Le sujet de cette thèse, traite des engagements du général Koenig (1898-1970) en tant que militaire, homme politique et militant pour la cause israélienne et l‟amitié avec le peuple juif. Natif de Caen, Pierre Koenig eut dès son enfance une vocation affirmée pour la carrière militaire. Engagé volontaire pendant la première guerre mondiale, il servit ensuite en Silésie, en Allemagne et pendant une longue période au Maroc dans la Légion étrangère. Au début de la 2e guerre mondiale, il participa en 1940 à la campagne de Norvège et se rallia en juin au général de Gaulle dont il fut un des plus fidèles compagnons. Sa carrière se poursuivit en Afrique : Gabon, Levant, Libye et Tunisie. C‟est en Libye en juin 1942 à Bir-Hakeim que Koenig et ses troupes en résistant pendant plus de dix jours aux forces germano-italiennes du maréchal Rommel, ont signé un des plus grands succès des armes françaises pendant la deuxième guerre mondiale. Après la campagne de Tunisie, Koenig fut appelé par le général de Gaulle à occuper des postes importants faisant appel à ses qualités de diplomate et de négociateur : état-major d‟Alger, représentant du Gouvernement provisoire de la République Française auprès du commandement interallié et chef des Forces Françaises de l‟intérieur. Á la Libération, il fut nommé Gouverneur militaire de Paris et ensuite commandant de la zone d‟occupation française en Allemagne avec les pouvoirs civils et militaires. [etc.]
This thesis deals with the engagements carried out general Koenig (1898-1970) as a soldier, a politician and a fighter for the Israeli cause and friendship with the Jewish people. Pierre Koenig was born in Caen (France). Since childhood he had inclined always strongly to a military career. He was a volunteer during the First World War, then he served in Silesia, in Germany and in the Foreign Legion in Morocco for a long period of time. When the Second world war began, he took part in the Norway campaign early in 1940, then in June he joined General de Gaulle and became one of his most faithful companions. His career went on in Africa : Gaboon, the Levant, Libya, Tunisia. In Bir-Hakeim in Libya in June 1942, Koenig and his troops held out against Marshal Rommel‟s German and Italian forces for over ten days, thus achieving one of the greatest successes for french arms during the Second world war. After the Tunisia campaign, Koenig was called by General de Gaulle to high appointments summoning his qualities as a diplomat and negotiator. Posted first at the Algiers Headquarters, he was then the Representative of the provisional government of the French Republic next to the S.H.A.E.F. and later on chief of the Home French Forces. After the liberation of France he was appointed as “Military governor” in Paris, and afterwards commander-in-chief for the French occupation zone in Germany with civilian and military powers [etc.]

With growing acknowledgment within critical democratic theory that formal inclusion is not enough to guarantee real participation in democratic practice, particularly in the context of deep cultural diversity, this dissertation examines the possibilities, challenges, and limitations of various modes of communication when they are used to engage marginalized difference. It takes as its starting point the institutional and individual demand within democracies to not only make space for diverse ways of life, or simply ‘contain enough difference’ – as if this were possible – but to remain attentive to the perpetual remainder and responsive to the changes implied by such differences. This, I argue, defines a democratic ethos: a care for difference and the receptive generosity such care requires. With democratic engagement defined in these terms, I first analyze and critique the ways declarative modes of communication conventionally used in democratic engagement influence and limit both how identity/difference can be communicated, and the forms of civic engagement that emerge as a result. Second, I investigate alternatives to declarative language, specifically the evocative forms of communication used within the performing arts. Using three case studies from South Africa and Canada in which dance and theatre were used to represent marginalized positions regarding race, gender, homelessness, and mental health, my research isolates key aesthetic resources for fostering greater inclusion of marginalized identity/difference. In the process, this research reveals and analyzes effective and as-yet largely overlooked forms of democratic engagement, and brings new insights into how identity and difference can be communicated and coalitions may be formed beyond the static forms of identity politics present in certain kinds of political thought and practice. Ultimately, this project is an interdisciplinary intervention in a disciplinary discourse regarding what counts as available to our political thinking, to develop the means to broaden political inclusion as well as the tools with which to better represent and engage social difference with the attentiveness a democratic ethos demands. In short, this dissertation asks the question, can the performative arts facilitate engagement across difference in ways that a democratic ethos demands?

Cette thèse traite de la notion de totalité au travers de la totalité de l'œuvre de Sartre. Le fil conducteur en est les mots. Ce travail permet d'établir la continuité de la philosophie de Sartre, depuis La nausée jusqu'à L'idiot de la famille. Avec les mots, l'engagement de Sartre se révèle : faire une œuvre. Dès ses premiers écrits, le rapport à l'engagement passe par la philosophie à partir d'une réflexion sur la liberté. Une des caractéristiques de Sartre réside dans son écriture simultanée : la nausée en même temps que l'imaginaire, les carnets de la drôle de guerre en parallèle avec l'être et le néant, Saint Genet et le diable et le bon Dieu, la critique de la raison dialectique et les textes contre le colonialisme et les séquestrés d'Altona, ces exemples ne sont pas les seuls. L'engagement dans l'œuvre se fait sous l'égide de la philosophie, il précède l'engagement politique et le conditionne. Il affirme la nécessité de penser par soi-même (et contre soi-même) comme moyen de comprendre et de transformer le monde. Aussi, le marxisme pour Sartre s'inscrit dans cette même démarche. Très tôt, nous l'établissons, avant la guerre de 1939, Sartre conçoit l'importance de l'histoire et du marxisme. Cela ne remet pas en cause l'importance de la philosophie, mais l'engage davantage. Pour Sartre, le rapport philosophie/histoire/marxisme/liberté est indissociable : c'est par la prise de conscience individuelle de la liberté que la liberté se réalise dans l'histoire et les luttes de classe. Ainsi, si Jean-Paul Sartre reste l'archétype de l'intellectuel engagé, il l'est au nom de la philosophie et par la philosophie. La philosophie de Sartre se donne à lire à travers toute l'œuvre de Sartre, la philosophie excède largement les classements thématiques habituels, on la trouve au centre des romans de Sartre, elle s'anime et s'illustre par son théâtre, elle s'affirme dans les polémiques avec les marxistes de son époque.

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This thesis analyzes long-term effects of Department of Defense Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) and Measures of Performance for Humanitarian Assistance (HA) missions. The Overseas Humanitarian Assistance Shared Information System (OHASIS) is used as the primary data source for HA missions and its associated costs. The thesis centers on HA missions in countries within the Pacific Command Area of Responsibility eligible for HA funding as described in U.S. Code Title X. An assumption of endogeneity is made regarding the data and a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Fixed Effects model is used as an alternative method to Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for analysis. The number of bilateral agreements between the United States and HA host nations serves as an instrumental variable. The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) is the MOE. Analysis shows that an OLS model is preferred over a 2SLS for this dataset. The effect of HA expenditures is significant and positive, indicating that increased HA expenditures are associated with higher levels of the HDI. The proportion of population with access to potable water is significantly positively associated with HDI in the model, suggesting that increasing the number of HA water projects might be one strategy for increasing HDI.

the last decade has seen the emergence of biotechnical architecture, a discourse inspired by contemporary developments in biotechnologies and that imagines the possibility and consequences of integrating living systems into the processes of design and fabrication of architecture. In this thesis, I argue that one of the major challenges facing biotechnical architecture is in exploring the design possibilities of living systems; given the complexities associated in direct engagement, designers often approach them indirectly by falling back on tools, techniques, and frameworks of existing technologies. The process results in a lack of appreciation of the way living systems constitute potentially revolutionary technologies that can redefine our conception of design and architecture. In this thesis, I propose a creative exploration methodology which affords a direct engagement with living systems, and generates the context to explore their design possibilities. The thesis is divided in two parts. The first builds the theoretical groundwork and argues that there is tension between two biotechnical imaginations: one that operates within biotechnical architecture; and the other that defines the narrative of contemporary biotechnologies. I argue that the tension raises two research questions: are there any alternative ways and contexts for working with living systems that take elements from both discourses? And what methods and ways of exploration do we need to engage directly with living systems to find the design possibilities? To explore the research questions, I propose the methodology of bio-material probe: design situations that provide the context to explore the design possibilities of biological systems, but that suspend the requirement for a practical design outcome at the outset. Four bio-material probes are mobilised in the second part of the thesis to define different approaches to designing form with living systems, starting with parametrics and evolving to an approach that considers non-human agency and assemblages.

Thesis (MTech (Quality))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology.
The global consulting industry has become a significant contributor to economies worldwide due to the growing requirement for specialised skills, but the industry encounters tense flaws and pitfalls. These pitfalls are related to the increasing amount of consulting engagements that fall short of their desired goal. The inability to fully achieve the goals agreed upon yields questions regarding the quality of service provided within the industry. It is believed that this inability to perform and to meet goals is due to gaps that occur within the consulting process. This research aims to determine whether there is a lack of quality in the full spectrum of the consulting process, which ultimately hampers the success of the consulting engagement. A non-empirical and qualitative research method was used to investigate the nature of the gaps and the main reasons for these gaps within the consulting process. A framework was developed in order to assist the researcher in understanding whether quality methods can successfully address or narrow the gaps in the consulting process that inhibit the success of consulting engagements or the ability to meet all requirements of consulting engagements. Validation was carried out through interviews with experts in the consulting industry. After a study of current literature it was clear that the fields of project management, change management and knowledge management are imperative when running a consulting engagement. Results of this study indicated that the framework is a viable quality methodology that can indeed be applied to address gaps in the consulting process. This is acquired through an interaction of fields such as systems thinking, audits, customer focus, corrective action and quality awareness. The framework was designed to add value and attempt to assure that the goals of consulting engagements can be fully achieved. Suggested further research includes the implementation of the framework in small consulting firms to investigate its practical usability and feasibility.

Nous avons systématisé à partir d'une analyse des décisions du Conseil constitutionnel les trois axes majeurs qui caractérisent son rôle dans l'application des engagements internationaux. Nous avons souligné les contradictions de l'approche formelle. Elle situe son rôle en fonction des limites constitutionnelles qui pèsent sur ses compétences de contrôle. Moins le Conseil constitutionnel intervient dans l'application des engagements internationaux, plus son rôle s'articule avec celui des autres compétences, interne ou externe, dans ce domaine. Nous avons examiné les apories de l'approche matérielle. Son rôle est renforcé, mais son contrôle s'articule difficilement avec celui des autres juridictions compétentes, avec lesquelles il est susceptible de rentrer en concurrence. Nous avons envisagé les difficultés d'une approche réaliste. L'hypothèse d'un recentrage de son rôle autour de sa mission d'aiguillage suppose une coordination formelle des contrôles des autres juges.

Cette thèse propose d'étudier le rôle du secteur privé dans la fourniture des biens et services publics dans le cadre du récent contrat de Partenariat Public-Privé (PPP). Le premier chapitre de cette thèse a pour but de comparer l'efficacité du PPP à sa forme plus ancienne, le contrat de Délégation de Service Public (DSP). Le PPP permet au gouvernement de déléguer à un opérateur privé à la fois la construction d'une infrastructure publique et son exploitation. Cela revient à lui confier de plus grandes responsabilités comparées à ce qu'elles sont dans la DSP et lui confère également une dimension de long terme. L'efficacité du PPP devient alors dépendante des engagements pris par le gouvernement à l'étape de construction, qui peuvent ne pas être honorés à celle d'exploitation. A l'inverse, le contrat de DSP ne souffre pas de cet éventuel opportunisme du fait que les deux tâches relatives à la fourniture de services publics sont réalisées par deux firmes différentes. Nous montrons dans ce chapitre que l'efficacité du PPP est endommagée par l'opportunisme du gouvernement, mais pas suffisamment pour recommander la DSP. Nous concluons que, contrairement à l'opinion générale, l'engagement du gouvernement n'est pas un facteur clés du succès du contrat PPP. Le deuxième chapitre contribue au débat sur l'efficacité de la fourniture du service de l'eau par le secteur privé. Pour cela, nous menons une étude empirique en France, pays pionnier en matière de gestion privée de l'eau. Dans ce chapitre, nous évaluons l'impact du choix de gestion de l'eau sur les prix de l'eau, en prenant soin de corriger le biais de sélection dont souffre cette évaluation. Pour cela, nous estimons un modèle d'effet de traitement à l'aide d'un modèle à variable latente empruntant ainsi la méthodologie de Carpentier et al. (2006). L'effet moyen de la délégation et celui sur une municipalité ayant choisie la gestion privée de l'eau sont examinés. Contrairement aux études empiriques précédentes, nous montrons qu'il n'y a pas de différences significatives de prix de l'eau selon le mode de gestion de l'eau choisi. Le troisième chapitre examine la fourniture de biens publics lorsque ces derniers sont soumis à un risque d'interruption. Afin de pallier ce risque, une autorité publique peut adopter une politique de dédoublement des sources approvisionnement. Au lieu de confier toute la fourniture d'un bien public à une seule et même source, elle peut la confier à deux distinctes. De cette manière, si l'une est interrompue, l'autre peut prendre le relais. Dédoubler les sources approvisionnement permet d'assurer la continuité du bien public mais engendre des coûts, une source plus coûteuse pouvant prendre le relais. C'est ainsi que l'autorité publique fait face à un dilemme entre confier l'approvisionnement du bien public à une ou deux sources. Dans ce chapitre, nous étudions tout d'abord le choix d'approvisionnement avant de nous intéresser au partage respectif de la fourniture du bien public entre les deux sources en cas de dédoublement. Nous analysons également le choix de l'autorité publique en matière d'approvisionnement lorsqu'elle est susceptible d'être influencée par des groupes d'intérêt
This thesis investigates three questions related to the role of private sector involvement in the provision of public goods or services. The State withdrawal from such provision has led to the use of partnerships between the public and the private sectors. They take place through a variety of contracts from the traditional form of public procurement to the modern form, Public-Private Partnership (PPP). The first chapter analyzes the contracting out of public services through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) subject to government opportunism. The construction of a public infrastructure and its operation are carried out by a private sector firm. Due to bundling of these two tasks, the PPP efficiency is affected by government's commitment power, contrarily to the traditional procurement, in which the two tasks are contracted out separately. We find that the PPP cost efficiency is damaged by the government opportunism but not sufficiently to recommend the use of TP contract. PPP contract should still be preferred by the government. We conclude that, contrarily to the widespread view, government commitment is not the key factor determining the success of PPP. The second chapter offers an empirical study to contribute to the debate over the efficiency of private provision of water services, looking at the main policy lessons that can be drawn from recent French experience. The purpose of this paper is to accurately evaluate the impact of private management on water prices after taking into account the selection bias. To do so, we use a treatment effect approach in a latent variable framework following the Carpentier et al. (2006) methodology. Two specific treatment parameters are reexamined: the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) and the effect of Treatment on the Treated (ATT). Contrary to the previous empirical findings, we show that private management does not have a significant impact on water prices. The third chapter examines the provision of a public good subject to a risk of disruption in a dynamic setting. To hedge against this risk, a public authority may use a dual sourcing policy. Instead of awarding the entire production to one firm (sole sourcing), he may split production among two firms (dual sourcing). If the production of one firm is disrupted, the other firm may take over. However, ensuring the continuity of production increases the procurement cost since a less efficient firm may be awarded part of the production. The public authority thus faces a trade-off when deciding upon the procurement policy. We first examine the optimal choice between sole and dual sourcing. Then, we determine the optimal share of production awarded to each firm in case of dual sourcing. We also consider how asymmetry of information on the secondary firm's efficiency affects the optimal procurement policy since an informational rent is given up to this firm. Finally, we extend our model to consider the influence of lobbying on the public authority's choice of procurement policy

De prime abord, le droit des concentrations illustre le rôle moderne joué par l’État dans l’économie : il ne s’agit plus de construire les marchés, mais de contrôler ponctuellement un ou plusieurs opérateur(s) en particulier. L’État libéral soumet ainsi à autorisation préalable les rapprochements d’entreprises, afin de vérifier que ceux-ci ne portent pas atteinte à la concurrence. Pourtant, dans le silence de la loi, tout se passe comme si l’administration se servait de la concentration comme d’un vecteur d’une réorganisation des marchés. Le procédé est d’autant plus subtil qu’il implique étroitement les entreprises elles-mêmes : tout repose sur les « engagements » que celles-ci proposent à l’administration dans le but de prévenir les effets anticoncurrentiels de leur projet. Car ces engagements connaissent une mutation juridique décisive : une fois émis, ils deviennent une mesure de police économique, incorporée dans l’autorisation administrative. Le procédé, développé à l’époque de l’économie administrée, dénote la constance du droit français par-delà la variation des objectifs économiques. Or, ces engagements contraignent les parties à la concentration, d’une part dans leurs actes avec d’autres opérateurs sur le marché et, d’autre part, dans leurs rapports à l’administration : ils orientent l’action de la concentration vis-à-vis des tiers tout en prolongeant le contrôle administratif. Incorporant les engagements dans son acte, l’administration modifie puis surveille les relations entre les parties et les tiers à l’opération. Aussi, son intervention se déplace, ratione temporis, de la concentration en projet à la concentration réalisée, et, ratione personae, des parties à l’opération aux tiers. Elle se déplace en somme de la concentration vers le marché. S’il ne s’agit donc plus, comme par le passé, de construire directement le marché, l’administration utilise désormais à cette fin les entreprises soumises à son autorisation
At first sight, the mergers’s control illustrates the modern role played by the State in the economy: the aim is not to organize the markets anymore, but to control from time to time one or several particular operators. The liberal State submit the companies’s merging processes to prior authorization, so as to make sure they do not negatively affect the competition. Nevertheless, in the silence of the law, everything goes as if the administration was using mergers as drivers of the markets’s reorganization. This process is evenmore subtil because it implies closely the companies themselves: everything depends on the commitments the companies offer to the administration, in order to prevent the non competitive effects of their project. These commitments are indeed undergoing a major legal change: once issued, they become a measure of economic restriction, embedded in the administration’s authorization. This process, that has been developed from the time of planned economy, suggests a certain permanency of the French law, despite the economic goals’s variation. Yet, these commitments constrain the parties about to merge: on the one hand regarding their actions towards other operators on the market, and on the other hand, regarding their relation with the administration : at the same time they direct the merger according to the stakeholders, and extend the administrative control. In short, when embedding the commitments in its act, the administration first changes the relations between the parties and the stakeholders, then follows up the relations’s execution. Thus, its intervention swifts ratione temporis, -from the merger in progress to the merger achieved, ratione personae, from the parties to the stakeholders’ operations, and ratione materia, from the merger to the market. Time has gone when the administration used to build the market directly ; now it uses to this end the companies that have to require her authorization

Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Sanchez, Paul J. ; Second Reader: Kline, Jeffrey E. "September 2009." Author(s) subject terms: Agent Based Simulation, Asymmetric Warfare, Data Farming, Design of Experiments, Evolving Design, MANA, Modeling and Simulation, Naval Swarm Defense, Robust Design, Regression Analysis, Simulation Experiments and Efficient Design Center, Taguchi Method Description based on title screen as viewed on November 03, 2009. DTIC Descriptor (s): Frigates, Theater Level Operations, Defense Systems, Experimental Design, Confined Environments, Asymmetry, Statistical Analysis, Sea Water, Small Ships, Threats, Survivability, Weapons, Theses DTIC Identifier (s): SSTR (Stability Security Transition and Reconstruction), Asymmetric Warfare, Mana Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-132). Also available in print.

This thesis explores audience engagement with the popular celebrity chef Jamie Oliver in two stereotypically contrasting UK towns: Rotherham in South Yorkshire and Tunbridge Wells in Kent. It is concerned with the various ways that popular food media are understood and used in different social contexts and for differing social purposes. Methodologically the thesis adopts an approach called ‘audiencing’ (Fiske, 1992) which stresses the importance of tracking the multiple engagements that audiences have with media, beyond their actual viewing practices, as they relate to broader social and cultural processes. Focusing specifically on Jamie’s Ministry of Food, the thesis emphasises that audiencing Jamie Oliver involves a relational process of social recognition, where audience relationships to one another are supported through joint recognition of Jamie Oliver as a common resource. The research employs focus group, interview and participatory video methods to explore a range of audience responses to, and social interactions around, Jamie Oliver. A geographical comparison is made between two towns, highlighting some of the social and geographical structures and processes influencing the way audiences engage with this figure. The thesis identifies some of the key personal and social relationships that are worked up in relation to Jamie Oliver and how these correspond to exemplary audience ‘positions’. Specifically it discusses the geographical dimensions of emotional responses to the representation of people and places in ‘reality TV’. In that regard the thesis focusses on cases of angriness and embarrassment in addition to the experience of class disgust. The development of parasocial relationships is examined and highlighted as a significant emotive effect of primary viewing. Accounts of cautious collaboration with Jamie Oliver are discussed in relation to the difficulties of involving a mass media figure in public sector health promotion around food. The thesis also discusses the occurrence of ambivalence as people grapple with the complex and contradictory aspects of their moral relationship to Jamie Oliver as an entertainer and social campaigner. This thesis also makes a contribution to contemporary understandings of the nature of cultural intermediation by offering grounded accounts of audience interaction with didactic ‘reality TV’ and ‘lifestyle entertainment’. It proposes that cultural intermediation hinges upon the successful negotiation of the normal and the novel as they are variously understood in different social contexts. The thesis employs a video research method to explore the value of co-produced participatory video responses to Jamie Oliver as a way of expressing and performing a range of social positions. The thesis makes a contribution to debates about the nature of audience activity and contributes to literatures in cultural geography by addressing the lack of empirically based audience research in this field. Similarly the thesis contributes to work in cultural studies on celebrity chefs by engaging with actual audiences in order to complement studies carried out using textual analysis. The thesis argues that the social function of Jamie Oliver far exceeds the immediate context of viewing and that gaining a full understanding of the social significance of food media should involve further empirical research with audiences.

Thesis advisor: Richard Kearney
By the 20th century the Confessions had become a “classic” of western civilization, yet it seems to elude any easy explanation and categorization. While scholars of Late Antiquity puzzled over the nature, structure, and meaning of the work, a parallel reception was occurring by some of the most original thinkers across both traditions of Contemporary philosophy, including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Hans Jonas, Karl Jaspers, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, Jean-Francois Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Marion, Jean Louis Chrétien and Stanley Cavell. This study will focus on four of these thinkers, Wittgenstein, Gadamer, Ricoeur and Marion, and the ways that the Confessions has influenced their attempts to address fundamental questions on subjects ranging from time and memory to history and hermeneutics, evil and the will, the self and personal identity, language and narrative, conversion, skepticism and materialism, God and onto- theology, and ultimately the very practice of philosophy itself, its autobiographical and especially its confessional character. In turn, this study also asks whether the engagements of these highly original contemporary philosophers can uncover new dimensions of this highly original work that has been read and interpreted throughout a centuries-long history of reception. The hermeneutic wager is that the past illumines the present philosophical terrain, but also that present insights allow us to read a classic text of the past with new understanding. This study will benefit from the interconnected nature of the problems that these writers confront, in their “family resemblance” of shared affinities and marked differences. Chapter One, “Scholarly Engagements: A Problematic Classic,” introduces some of the key interpretive problems which arose in the course of a century of scholarly engagements, including occasion, veracity, composition, and sources of Saint Augustine’s Confessions. Chapter Two “The Early Wittgenstein: Tractatus, Testimony and Confession” discusses the confessional philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and the deep affinities he shared with Saint Augustine in his life and his first major work, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), despite its reception and use as a foundational for Logical Empiricism and its spirited offspring. Chapter Three: “The Later Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations as Philosophical Confession” discusses the influence of Saint Augustine on Wittgenstein’s second major work, the Philosophical Investigations (1953), which uses a quotation from the Confessions as a point of departure for his own philosophical confession of errors and temptations. Chapter Four “Saint Augustine and Gadamer: Hermeneutic Anticipations and Affinities” discusses the hermeneutical insights of Saint Augustine, through the ways he encountered or struggled with texts in the Confessions, as well as through his idea of the “inner word” which would be for Gadamer the foundation of a philosophical hermeneutics. Chapter Five, “Ricoeur: Sin, Time, Memory, and Narrative” discusses Ricoeur’s engagement with Saint Augustine on the question of evil as well as his appropriation of the Augustinian aporia of time from the Confessions as pivotal for his narrative turn. Chapter Six, “Jean-Luc Marion’s Confessions” lays out Marion’s phenomenological unfolding of the Confessions beyond and before metaphysics, offering his reading of six dimensions of the inaccessibility of the self explored by Saint Augustine in the Confessions. This study will conclude by highlighting the themes that have suggested themselves across the many readings of this classic text
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy

This artefact is a study of the processes which affect the composition of a novel, both before its conscious inception and after, and an active, interrelated and intertextual examination of the role of the reader within the writer. It relates reader theory and Bakhtinian dialogics to the inscription and reception of a text by considering the reception given by its first reader, the author, during the action of its composition. Following Bakhtin's assertion that human discourse "always wants to be heard ... always is in search of responsive understanding ... For discourse (and, therefore for man) nothing is more frightening than the absence of answer", this thesis examines the ways that reader theory and Bakhtin' s heteroglossial dialogism affect the production of a creative artefact, during and within the process of its creation. The traditional reader theory of Jauss, Iser, Fish et al restricts the actions of reading to those who receive the text, after its dissemination, and refuses to acknowledge the presence of the author during such readings. Yet during a text's creation the author 'reads' it many times, including those mental readings given to each sentence before it takes physical form on the page. When the multitude of voices inherent in Bakhtinian dialogism are added to this compositional process, the readings, reconsiderations and re-appropriations of each individual construction of language create a fluid, mutative compositional act, whereby the reading of a text, in the act of its creation, leads to change. Both creatively and critically, Past Imperfect examines how these creative choices are made, and why. It analyses the ways in which authors manipulate language to create meaning, and the ways that the process of this manipulation itself manipulates the author.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Lucas, Thomas W. ; Hughes, Wayne P. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 23, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79). Also available in print.

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In the wake of American involvement in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, it is important to reevaluate Civil Affairs, (CA) including the education and training of its personnel for future missions and conflicts. What role can CA play as an influencing force to mitigate conflict in phase 0 shaping operations? Can CA have a greater role at the operational and strategic levels? More importantly, does the force have the right training and education to meet these future challenges? This capstone argues that the notion of a solely post-conflict reconstruction mission of CA is outdated and needs to be adapted to meet modern, shaping requirements. Specifically, 1) CA is better suited to acting as an influencing force, 2) an educated, experienced, and credentialed force is necessary to maximize effectiveness and influence, and 3) a new career path for CA officers is required to maximize the influence and skills of CA’s most talented officers. To reach these goals, this capstone charts a course for CA to break out of the tactical realm and creates a path that will link CA knowledge and expertise to policy, strategy, and operations.

Natural research behaviours may present in children younger than eight years but tend to be overlooked by professional researchers, with the result that young children are rarely recognised as agents in enquiry concerning matters affecting them. This exclusion amounts to social injustice as it underestimates children’s capabilities and denies them particular rights. The thesis proposes that young children engage in research activity congruent with professional adult researchers’ behaviours, as part of their daily lives. Furthermore, the inequity caused by excluding children from recognition as researchers may be addressed if professional researchers were to find ways to recognise and value the children’s contributions as researchers. The empirical study that is the focus for the thesis secured a taxonomy of research behaviours from professional adult researchers which was then applied to naturalistic observations conducted with - and by - children aged 4-8 years in their settings and homes. A ‘jigsaw’ methodology was adopted, featuring constructivist grounded theory and critical ethnography, among other methodologies. Throughout, the project was committed to participatory, emancipatory and inductive principles, though challenges were encountered along the way. Alongside observations, multiple other methods and analysis were employed in the co-construction of data with children and their practitioners in three English early childhood settings and children and their parents in five homes. Professional adult researchers also contributed to primary and meta-data. Results indicated that problem solving, exploring, conceptualising and basing decisions on evidence were regarded by professional researchers as the ‘most important’ research behaviours. Children engaged in these behaviours of their own volition, alongside other research behaviours. Their activities included exploring materials to create novel artefacts in art work, rolling in giant cylinders, cooking and ordering objects systematically. While undertaking these activities, children often revealed higher order cognitive processes such as trial and error elimination, causality, analogy and a posteriori conceptualisation. The study produced a ‘plausible account’ suggesting that children aged 4-8 years do engage in research activity naturalistically as part of their daily lives and that this activity is congruent with professional adult researchers’ behaviours.

Le but de cette these est de demontrer comment dans le systeme juridique turc l'evolution des regles concernant les engagements internationaux se produit des le debut de l'empire ottoman jusqu'a nos jours. Dans l'introduction, la raison de l'existence du probleme des rapports entre le droit international et le droit interne ainsi que les problemes emanant particulierement du processus de la conclusion des traites sont expliques d'une facon generale. Dans le but d'elucider les conditions dans lesquelles les constitutions de 1961 et de 1982 ont vu le jour et de comprendre le point de vue des pouvoirs constituants ainsi que l'importance accordee aux regles relatives aux engagements internationaux, le chapitre preliminaire est consacre a l'elaboration des constitutions en question et le droit international. L'etude du pouvoir de conclure les traites internationaux en turquie, qui forme la 1ere partie de la these, est d'abord traitee a la lumiere de la methode historique ainsi que le cas actuel allant de pair avec les constitutions de 1961 et de 1982. Dans la 2eme partie, on met en lumiere les relations entre la norme constitutionnelle et l'application par le juge turc des dispositions des conventions internationales et des regles et des principes non ecrits du droit international sous le titre "les regles du droit turc concernant la mise en oeuvre des engagements internationaux
The object of this thesis is to show how the laws concerning international engagements have evolved in the turkish judicial system from the beginning of the ottoman empire to the present time. The introduction explains, in a general way, the relationship between international law and internal law as well as the problems arising, in particular, from the methods of the decisions on treaties. In order to elucidate the conditions whereby the constitutions of 1961 and 1982 were passed and to understand the point of view of the constituent powers of these two constitutions as well as the importance given to the laws relative to international engagements, the preliminary chapter is consecrated to the elaboration of the said constitutions and international law. The study of the autority to finalize agreements on international treaties in turkey, forming the first part of the thesis, is dealt with primarily in the light of the historical method and the present situation, on a par with 1961 and the 1982 constitutions. In the second half of the thesis, the relationship between international norms is brought to light together with the application, by turkish judges, of the provisions of international conventions, in addition to the unwritten regulations and principles of international

Researchers have emphasized the importance of parental involvement in ensuring the educational success of children. Despite the recognized value, some stakeholders continue to struggle to leverage and sustain this partnership, which may encumber students' success. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the factors influencing parental involvement in Jamaican high schools. This qualitative case study sought to unearth the motivational factors influencing parental involvement within a climate of educational accountability in Jamaican high schools. Grounded in Epstein's school-family-community partnership model, this study unearthed some of the differences and similarities of parental involvement within high schools that were described as high and under performing schools and what informed those differences. Sixteen participants from 4 high schools were interviewed using a semistructured interview guide. The data were analyzed thematically and interpreted against Epstein's theory. The findings of this study indicated that all stakeholders in a child's education had mutual interests and influences and an expressed desired to increase their involvement. The motivational factors driving their involvement varied from policies, beliefs, benefits, and personal challenges; parental involvement also differed in quality and quantity across schools and requires creativity in design for greater involvement, accountability, and impact. The strategic utility of these findings can assist in the creation of the home support engagements needed to remove the constraints impeding students and wider school success, thereby guiding students into successful directions, which is the epitome of social change.

This paper will discuss the making of my thesis film, Past the Darkness. I will describe the entire process including story conception, film production, and post-production stages. I will also evaluate the merits, flaws, and outcome of this project.

The Class Pass Intervention (CPI) is designed for students who engage in escape-motivated problem behavior to avoid or escape difficult or aversive academic work and who are not responsive to the system-wide universal supports provided to all students. Research on the CPI is in its initial stages and requires replications to be proven effective in multiple settings and become evidenced-based. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to expand the literature on CPI by targeting elementary school students and assess its impact on decreasing disruptive behavior maintained by attention and on increasing academic engagement. The study involved 4 students with disruptive classroom behavior and low academic engagement and their 2 classroom teachers. A multiple-baseline design across participants was used to demonstrate the intervention outcomes. The intervention was implemented during a targeted routine or academic time period when behavior was most likely to occur. Results indicated that teachers implemented the CPI with high levels of fidelity, and their implementation was effective in increasing academic engagement and decreasing disruptive behavior with all participants. The intervention effects were maintained after undergoing fading for all 4 students and during 2-week follow-up for 2 students. The results of social validity assessments indicated students and teachers found the intervention to be acceptable and effective. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Bürgerschaftliches Engagement ist nicht nur ein Gewinn für das Gemeinwesen, sondern auch für den freiwillig Engagierten. Damit er seine Potenziale ausschöpfen kann, braucht er Rahmenbedingungen, die ihn bestärken und unterstützen. Die Arbeit auf lokaler Ebene bildet dabei das Herzstück, hier ist auf aktuelle Bedarfslagen zu reagieren. Um sie zu ermitteln und Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, sind geeignete Strukturen notwendig. An diesem Punkt setzen die Freiwilligenagenturen an. Mit ihrem Informations-, Beratungs- und Vermittlungsangebot wollen sie Bindeglied zwischen Freiwilligen und Einrichtungen als Träger von Freiwilligenarbeit sein. Neben Erläuterungen zur Entstehungsgeschichte und zum Begriff dieser jungen Infrastruktureinrichtung widmet sich die Autorin der vorliegenden Arbeit den Wesensmerkmalen und vor allem den häufigsten Herausforderungen. Am Beispiel zweier aktiver Freiwilligenagenturen in Berlin wird untersucht, welche Rolle diese Einrichtungen bei der Förderung und der Umsetzung des bürgerschaftlichen Engagements spielen.

Abstract This study focuses on practices of engagement and representation in North–South international partnerships, and in global and development education in Finland. The first objective was approached through a qualitative methodology involving document analyses, and interviews with northern and southern partners engaged in education sector partnerships in Zambia from 2003 to 2007. The second objective discusses challenges and possibilities for more ethical North–South partnerships in global and development education policies in Finland. This doctoral study report consists of four articles and a thesis summary. This study draws on three fields of scholarship: postcolonial studies, development studies and global and development education studies. Postcolonial theory is used selectively as a ‘tool for thinking’ that connects critical examinations of North–South engagements and representations with educational possibilities. The methodological framework consists of a combination of different qualitative methods including ethnography and content analysis of three sets of data: 1) 19 semi-structured theme interviews, 2) five open-ended narrative interviews and 3) selected Finnish global and development education policy documents. In the analysis of structures, narratives and relationships in educational partnerships in Zambia, this study outlines tensions and paradoxes that point to the need for more ethical practices that can move beyond hegemonic, ethnocentric and paternalistic patterns of representation and engagement in international development work. The study concludes that ethical engagements in North–South education sector partnerships require an approach that goes beyond individual skills, knowledge and competencies. The importance of systemic analyses of power and knowledge production, of acknowledging the historical and cultural referents that frame possibilities of understanding, and of acknowledging the complexities that are present in North–South engagements are emphasized. Furthermore, the importance of self-reflexivity is suggested as a starting point for understanding the limits of universalised forms of knowing to support ethical engagements
Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkitaan pohjoinen–etelä -yhteistyötä Sambian opetussektorilla ja siihen liittyvää tematiikkaa globaali- ja kehityskasvatuksessa Suomessa. Tämä kvalitatiivinen tutkimus analysoi Sambiassa vuosina 2003–2007 koulutussektorin kumppanuusohjelmiin osallistuneiden sambialaisten ja eurooppalaisten kehitysyhteistyöntekijöiden haastatteluja sekä kehitysyhteistyöhön, globaali- ja kehityskasvatukseen liittyviä asiakirjoja. Tutkimus käsittelee haasteita ja mahdollisuuksia pyrittäessä eettisempiin pohjoisen ja etelän välisiin kumppanuuksiin koulutussektorin kehitysyhteistyössä sekä globaali- ja kehityskasvatuksen alueella Suomessa. Väitöskirjatutkimus koostuu tiivistelmästä ja neljästä artikkelista. Tutkimus hyodyntää kolmea tutkimusalaa: postkolonialistista tutkimusta, kehitystutkimusta sekä gloobaali- ja kehityskasvatusta. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys perustuu postkolonialistiseen teoriaan, joka tarkastelee krittisesti pohjoisen ja etelän välisiä kumppanuuksia ja niissä ilmeneviä koulutuksellisia mahdollisuuksia.Tutkimuksessa käytetään postkolonialistisia käsitteitä ja näkemyksiä ’ajattelun työkaluina’. Tämän tutkimuksen metodologinen viitekehys yhdistää useita kvalitatiivisia menetelmiä, kuten etnografiaa, sisällönanalyysia ja narratiivisuutta. Etnografian avulla pyritään ymmärtämään tutkimuksen tärkeintä kontekstia, Sambian koulutussektoria. Tämän tutkimuksen ensimmäinen primääri aineisto kerättiin puolistrukturoiduilla teemahaastatteluilla (19). Toinen käytetty tutkimusaineisto sisältää avoimia haastatteluita (5), joissa hyödynnettiin narratiivista aineistonkeruumenetelmää. Kolmas tutkimusaineisto sisältää suomalaisia globaali- ja kehityskasvatuksen asiakirjoja. Näitä kolmea tutkimusaineistoryhmää analysoidaan kvalitatiivisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Sambian koulutussektorin kumppanuuksien rakenteiden, narratiivien ja suhteiden analyysi paljastaa jännitteitä sekä paradokseja. Tutkimusanalyysi osoittaa, miten tarkeää on tiedostaa historiallisia ja kulttuurisia seikkoja, jotka ulottuvat yksilöiden taitoja, osaamista sekä pätevyyksiä syvemmälle tasolle. Tutkimus esittää, että refleksiivisyys (self-reflexivity) on hyvä lähtökohta tiedon, taitojen ja osaamisen suhteellisuuden ymmärtämiseen eettisempien pohjoisen ja etelän välisten kumppanuuksien tukemisessa koulutussektorin kehitysyhteistyössä sekä globaali- ja kehityskasvatuksessa Suomessa

This thesis examines the context and practices of emotion management for National workers in International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) through a study of national workers recruited into disaster intervention in India. The research draws on postcolonial theory and problematizes current work exploring the implications of race and intersectionality within emotion management. The data collection strategy involved a narrative-based semi-structured interview process with a view to surfacing social and discursive constructions. The interpretation comprised of three levels of reading that included explication, explanation and exploration based reading using postcolonial and poststructural-feminist theories. Results highlight the dominance of neoliberal practices in INGOs and explain how these practices foreground various colonial continuities in the ways in which INGOs respond to disasters. Neoliberal practices inform and impact on the emotion management of National workers as they create a masculine and instrumental emotion regime where emotions and compassion are seen as dispensable. The colonial continuities on which neoliberalism draws, have an impact on the relationships between National and Expatriate workers. These relationships become ‘emotional encounters’ based on asymmetries that disadvantage the former. This understanding paves the way for proposing changes in contemporary disaster management practices. In this context the emotion management of National workers is a complex performance. These complex performances are linked to the postcolonial concepts of mimicry, sly-civility and hybridity and to the operation of power through desires and subjectivity. Through this context based interpretation, emotion management and theorising can be extended in useful ways. In particular, I go beyond the normative nature of much current theorising. In doing so I am able to consider emotion management as an ‘embodied emotional performance’ that places additional stress on stigmatised identities. This formulation helps break down the binaries that inform our current conceptualisation of emotion management such as emotion work and emotional labour; surface and deep acting; real and fake emotions; felt and expressed emotions. It also blurs the distinction between emotional labour and aesthetic labour. Further, it helps identify different forms of resistance to neoliberal dictates about the role of emotions in organizations. This allows for the recognition that embodied emotional performances enable conformity as well as creative resistance against emotion norms in organizations.

Diese Arbeit untersucht, was passiert, wenn in Non-Profit-Organisation (NPO) der Anspruch des Bürgerschaftlichen Engagements auf Praktiken des Freiwilligenmanagements trifft. Ausgangspunkt dieser Fragestellung ist eine doppelte Diagnose: Zum einen setzen NPOs aufgrund mehrerer Faktoren - u.a. Ressourcenknappheit, Wettbewerb und Nachahmungseffekten – vermehrt auf Freiwilligenmanagement. Mit dieser von der BWL inspirierten, aber für NPO entwickelten Personalführungsmethode wollen sie mehr und bessere Freiwillige gewinnen und deren Einsatz effizienter strukturieren. Zum anderen haben sich gleichzeitig viele NPO dem Ziel des bürgerschaftlichen Engagements verschrieben. Damit reagieren sie auf den aus Politik und Wissenschaft zu vernehmenden Anspruch, die Zivilgesellschaft möge die knappen Kassen der öffentlichen Hand kompensieren und das wachsende Partizipationsbedürfnis weiter Teile der Bevölkerung durch eine neue Kultur der Teilhabe der Bürgerinnen und Bürger befriedigen. Bei näherer Betrachtung zeigt sich jedoch: Während Freiwilligenmanagement einer ökonomischen Handlungslogik folgt, ist bürgerschaftliches Engagement Ausdruck einer Handlungslogik der Zivilgesellschaft. Beide sind unter gegenwärtigen Bedingungen weder theoretisch noch praktisch miteinander vereinbar. Um beide Entwicklungen miteinander zu versöhnen, muss Freiwilligenmanagement unter dem Banner des Bürgerschaftlichen neu gedacht werden. Dieses Argument unterfüttert die Arbeit sowohl theoretisch und empirisch. Der Theorieteil gliedert sich in drei Teile. Zunächst wird der Begriff der NPO näher eingegrenzt. Dazu wird die bestehende Literatur zum Dritten Sektor und Non-Profit-Organisationen zu einem operationalisierbaren Begriff von NPO kondensiert. Daran anschließend werden aktuelle Trends im Feld der NPO identifiziert, die zeigen, dass NPO tatsächlich oft von widerstreitenden Handlungslogiken gekennzeichnet sind, darunter eine ökonomische und eine bürgerschaftliche. Die beiden folgenden Kapitel untersuchen dann jeweils eine der beiden Logiken. Zunächst wird das Leitbild des bürgerschaftlichen Engagements als Ausdruck einer zivilgesellschaftlichen Handlungslogik näher definiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass dieser Begriff oft sehr unscharf verwendet wird. Daher greift die Arbeit auf die politiktheoretische Diskussion um Zivil- und Bürgergesellschaft auf und schmiedet daraus eine qualifizierte Definition von bürgerschaftlichem Engagement, die sich maßgeblich am Ideal von gesellschaftlich-politischer Partizipation und bürgerschaftlicher Kompetenz orientiert. Dem wird im dritten und letzten Kapitel des Theorieteils die ökonomische Handlungslogik in Form der Theorie des Freiwilligenmanagements gegenübergestellt. Bei der Darstellung zeigt sich schnell, dass dessen Grundprinzipien – anders als oft vorgebracht – mit den qualifizierten Idealen von Partizipation und Konkurrenz im Konflikt stehen. In der empirischen Analyse wird dann in den 8 Interviews den Widersprüchen zwischen bürgerschaftlichem Engagement und Freiwilligenmanagement in der Praxis nachgegangen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung lassen sich in 5 Punkten zusammenfassen: 1. Freiwilligenmanagement orientiert sich erstens im wesentlichen an einer Zahl: Dem Zugewinn oder Verlust von freiwilliger Arbeit. 2. Freiwilligenmanagement installiert ein umfassendes System der Selektion von „passenden“ Freiwilligen. 3. Positiv hervorzuheben ist die institutionalisierte Ansprechbarkeit, die im Rahmen von Freiwilligenmanagement in NPO Einzug erhält. 4. Freiwilligenmanagement ist eng mit dem Anspruch verbunden, die Arbeit der Freiwilligen zu kontrollieren. Der Eigensinn des Engagements, die Notwendigkeit von Spielräumen, die Möglichkeit des Ausprobierens oder der Anspruch der Freiwilligen, an Entscheidungen zu partizipieren bzw. gar selbstorganisiert und -verantwortlich zu handeln, rückt dabei in den Hintergrund. 5. In den Interviews wird eine starke Ökonomisierung des Engagements sichtbar. Freiwillige werden als Ressource betrachtet, ihr Engagement als „Zeitspende“ statistisch erfasst, ihre (Dienst-)Leistung monetär bewertet. Im Zuge dessen erhält auch der Managerialism verstärkt Einfluss auf die Arbeit in NPO und begründet ein stark hierarchisches Verhältnis: Während die Freiwilligenmangerin aktiv handelt, wird die freiwillig Engagierte zum Objekt von Management-Techniken. Dass dies dem Anspruch der Partizipation entgegenläuft, ergibt sich dabei von selbst. Angesichts dieser Diagnose, dass real-existierendes Freiwilligenmanagement nicht mit dem Ideal des bürgerschaftlichen Engagement im engeren Sinne zusammenpasst, formuliert das Fazit Vorschläge für ein bürgerschaftlich orientiertes, engagement-sensibles Freiwilligenmanagement.
This thesis examines what happens when the claim of civic engagement meets the practice of volunteer management. The starting point for this analysis is a dual diagnosis in non-profit organizations (NPO): First, due to several factors (resource scarcity, competition and imitation effects and others) NPOs increasingly employ techniques of volunteer management. Inspired by business administration, but adapted to NPO, this personnel management method promises to acquire more and better volunteers and restructure their work more efficiently. At the same time, many NPOs subscribe to the goal of civic engagement. They respond to the public claim that civil society should compensate for the tight budgets of the public sector and to the idea that there is a demand for increasing participation within the civil society that needs to be satisfied. The in-depth analysis of both concepts reveals: While volunteer management follows an economic logic of action, civic engagement reflects a logic of action that has its origins in the ideals of the civil society. Both are neither theoretically nor practically compatible with one another under present conditions in nonprofit organizations. In order to reconcile both developments, volunteer management needs to be rethought under the banner of the Civic (Civic Culture). The thesis underpins this argument both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical part is divided into three parts. First, the concept of NPO is explored. For this purpose, the existing literature on the third sector and non-profit organizations is condensed into an operationalized concept of NPO. Subsequently, current trends in the field of NPOs are identified, showing that NPO are actually often characterized by conflicting logics of action, including an economic and a civic. The following two chapters then examine each of these two logics. First, the model of civic engagement is further defined as an expression of the civic action logic. It turns out that this term is often used in a very blurred way. Therefore, the work draws on the theoretical discussion of civil politics and civil society, merging it into a qualified definition of civic engagement, focusing on the ideal of social and political participation and civic competence. The third chapter contrasts this civic logic with the economic logic of action in the form of volunteer management. It is shown that its basic principles - other than often argued - conflict with the ideal of participation. The empirical analysis then draws on 8 interviews to elucidate the contradictions between civic engagement and volunteer management in practice. The results of this study can be summarized in five points: 1. Volunteer management focus mostly on the gain or loss of voluntary work. 2. Volunteer management installs a comprehensive system of selection which seeks to match vorlunteers with the goals of the organization. Among other "interviews" and training are used to screen out those volunteers that do not fit into the organization. Notwithstanding, though, these decisions are not based on professional criteria, but on an elaborate set of criteria for „feeling cosy". 3. On the positive side stands institutionalized responsiveness, which surfaces as an effect of volunteer management in NPOs. 4. Volunteer management is closely connected to the aim of controlling the work of volunteers. This is also reflected in the practice of NPO. Volunteers are committed in contracts to show binding and predictable behavior. And they are administered as part of a personnel management. This hinders the obstinacy of commitment, the necessity of leeway, the possibility of trying out, or the volunteers’ demand to participate in decisions and to act even self-organized and self-responsible. 5. The interviews show a strong economization of commitment. Volunteers are viewed as a resource. Their commitment is statistically recorded as "time donation", their (business) performance is measured in monetary terms. NPOs that use volunteer management are also often marked by a growing managerialism which establishes a strong hierarchical relationship: While the volunteer manager is active, the volunteer is the object of management techniques. This is the opposite of the idea of participation. Given this diagnosis, it becomes apparent that existing volunteer management does not match the ideal of civic engagement in the narrower sense. The conclusion formulated proposals for a citizen-oriented, engagement-sensitive volunteer management.

The Cultural Geography (CG) Model is a low-resolution, agent-based discrete event social simulation tailored to specific operational environments. It is based on doctrine and social theory designed to represent the behavioral response of civilian populations in conflict environments. The current version of the CG Model does not represent key leader engagements (KLE), which are activities between coalition military forces and host nation civilian personnel, as means of obtaining information, influencing behavior, and building an indigenous base of support for coalition and government objectives. These capabilities are needed for additional tactical level representation of the operational environment. This research develops a simulation model using Simkit to explore the feasibility of modeling KLEs using discrete event simulation. A total of 32 dynamic input factors are varied using a 512-design point design. Second-order regression metamodels and partition tree models are developed for simulation model output responses that track numbers of engagements, numbers of times knowledge is provided, numbers of campaigns, and numbers of captures and kills, these analytical models are used to verify the proper execution of the simulation model. Summary statistics are analyzed to gain further insights about the simulation models behavior.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) is developing new Theater Missile Defense (TMD) weapon systems to defend against the rapidly expanding ballistic missile threat. The tactical ballistic missile threats include systems with range capabilities greater than 1000 kilometers. The development and testing of systems such as the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3), the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), Navy Area Defense, and the System Integration Tests (SIT) to address the interoperability of this family of systems, will require the development of the Transportable Range Augmentation and Control System for Multiple Shot Engagements (TRACS - MSE). Congress has mandated that these systems be tested in multiple simultaneous engagements. These systems will be tested at several ranges to meet all the developmental and operational testers' needs. Potential range locations include White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR), the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) and the Gulf Range at Eglin Air Force Base. Due to the long distances separating the target launch site and the interceptor site, the TRACS - MSE will be required at multiple sites for each range used. To be cost effective, transportable systems should be developed to augment existing capabilities. Advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and high data rate receivers make telemetry based solutions attractive. This article will address the requirements for range safety, for Time, Space, Position Information (TSPI) collection and processing requirements to support a TRACS - MSE capability.