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1
CORRADI, SARA. "Strumenti di thiro party enforcement e strategia di whistleblowing nei controlli societari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/42014.
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The recent crisis of 2008-2009 induced by widespread financial fraud, demands a rethinking of the role of corporate governance in each country. My research focuses on whistleblowing – the third party enforcement strategy based on those who report questionable corporate governance or accounting incidents both to outside authorities and in house - as a regulatory strategy to prevent financial fraud, from both an economic and a comparative perspective. More precisely, it aims at better understanding the structure and the function of whistleblowing regulations in the U.S. system, with the further goal of considering whether such regulations would work in the Italian corporate legal system. Despite the absence, in the Italian legal system, of corporate whistleblowing provisions, seems possible to figure out several duties of disclosure of corporate irregularities for internal watchdogs and a widespread use of the voluntary corporate whistleblowing strategy that offer the intuition that could be useful insert corporate mandatory whistleblowing provisions also in the organizational set up regulation.
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O'Neill, Will. "Law Enforcement Leadership Training Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1800.
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Senior law enforcement leaders are looking for leadership training strategies to develop future law enforcement leaders. The purpose of this single case study was to explore U.S. law enforcement leaders' training strategies to develop future leaders. The sample was comprised of 18 senior Northern Virginia executive law enforcement leaders who have leadership development strategies currently in use. The conceptual framework for this study was human capital theory. The data collection process included semistructured interviews, a review of training documentation, and direct observation related to leadership development. Based on methodological triangulation of the data sources and analysis of the data, 3 emergent themes were identified. Recruitment, retention, and mentoring surfaced from recruiting officers for managerial leadership positions. Training and technology grew out of the need to optimize training resources and incorporate new training solutions. Strategic partnerships stemmed from the opportunities for partnering and joint training exercises with other law enforcement organizations. Although this was a single case study, the findings of this study have utility for other, similar contexts. Specifically, these findings suggest that including leadership training strategies in training programs may contribute to social change by providing other law enforcement leaders with the training strategies that result in safer communities.
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McKinney, Hugh M. "The Meaning, Value, and Experience of Strategic Leadership for Law Enforcement Executives in Today's World." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27385.
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As an FBI Agent leading the FBI National Executive Institute (NEI) I met a number of law enforcement leaders who, after becoming the chief their police department, related that they thought they knew what the chiefs’ job was until the first day they took that position. Contemporaneously, I learned from one of my NEI students, who had also attended the Army War College (AWC), that the AWC strategic leadership courses educated Colonels before they became Generals. These seminal events gave me the idea to provide the NEI with studies on strategic leadership in law enforcement. The outcome of a preliminary literature search evidenced a paucity of research for strategic leadership involving law enforcement executives and suggested the need for a study. The chiefs of police in the Major Cities Chief (MCC) Association were an appropriate population for such research since a wealth of wisdom resided in them. This study was aimed at determining what their experience taught them about two global questions that guided the inquiry: (a) What is the meaning and value of strategic leadership for law enforcement officials in today’s world, and (b) What is the developmental process involved in transitioning from tactical to strategic leader. A mailed instrument was used to gather data, including asking who the participants considered the best strategic leaders in the MCC. Ten chiefs were thereby peer-selected for face-to-face interviews that augmented, gave more richness, and more depth to the data. Findings suggest that while strategic leadership is still in process and escapes a finite definition, it includes a big picture, systems/contingency view of dealing with issues rather than incidents, continuous lifelong learning for themselves through assignments, reflection, and education, but also involves developing their followers through mentoring and delegation. This study found that the MCC perceive themselves as strategic leaders. Their transitional process of becoming a strategic leader included mentors, conflict, courage to stick with right decisions, integrity, and political perspective. Further statistical analysis and study is recommended comparing these data with other leadership studies to give a more distinct definition of and a model for strategic leadership both in law enforcement and the general population.Ph. D.
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Kelley, Brian D. "Coast Guard strategic management : law enforcement in the 1990s /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA232105.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Evered, Roger D. Second Reader: Coy, Craig P. "June 1990." Description based on signature page. DTIC Identifier(s): Coast Guard operations, law enforcement, management strategy, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Coast Guard strategy; Coast Guard strategic management; Coast Guard strategic management, law enforcement. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-89). Also available online.
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Coyne, John William. "Strategic intelligence in law enforcement : anticipating transnational organised crime." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71394/2/John_Coyne_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an explorative study of four national level law enforcement agencies' applications of strategic intelligence against transnational organised crime. The thesis develops a hybrid conceptual model for strategic intelligence in law enforcement, which explains how strategic intelligence influences police management. Dr Coyne explored case studies of strategic intelligence in the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, Serious and Organised Crime Agency United Kingdom, Australian Crime Commission and the Australian Federal Police. The research provides an understanding of the impact of strategic intelligence across strategic responses to transnational organised crime and the implications this has for police management and intelligence theory.
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Erasmus, Lynne. "The effectiveness of succession planning in SARS enforcement Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1208.
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This research study addressed the importance of succession planning for the organisations’ survival, which depends on the continuous supply of competent, experienced and well trained managers. It addresses the problem of determining the strategies that can be used by SARS Enforcement Port Elizabeth to manage succession planning effectively. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed to determine the views on various succession planning models. The literature review serves as a model in the development of a guideline for SARS Enforcement Port Elizabeth management to manage succession planning. An interview was conducted with the Human Resource Manager and Middle management from the various departments who were requested to complete a questionnaire in order to determine the current practices of succession planning. The questionnaire was developed in accordance with the findings from the research. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the relevance of the study to the problem questions and to evaluate whether the questionnaire will be easily understood. The answers of the respondents were analysed and compared to the findings of the literature study. The information obtained from the literature study and from the respondents resulted in various recommendations and conclusions.
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Brown, Sara E. "Code enforcement, tax delinquency, and strategic management of problematic properties." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90090.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-137).
This thesis considers two interrelated sources of blight in cities: so-called "problem properties" (PP), or properties in poor physical condition where owners have stopped performing basic maintenance, and tax-delinquent properties (TDP), where owners have stopped paying their property taxes. It focuses on how cities can be more effective in addressing PP and TDP both "before" (through proactive prevention) and "after" (through correction/collection) they emerge. Fundamentally, it argues that cities should recognize the relationship between PP and TDP, which often constitute the same properties, but, more importantly, both can be "liened up" and taken through foreclosure if their owners are truly unresponsive. These liens can be established through unpaid code violation fines and receivership liens, as well as unpaid taxes. This approach is based on the premise that cities want to receive as few properties as possible through foreclosure, because of the costs associated with holding excess land and buildings, but also want to avoid the "worst of the worst" PP and TDP becoming a blight on neighborhoods. Thus, if owners are going to refuse to correct severe code violations and/or delinquency, cities want to transfer properties to responsible owners as quickly as possible. Recognizing the links between PP and TDP enables cities to switch from a reactive to proactive approach in treating blight. This thesis also discusses barriers to addressing PP and TDP. It suggests that cities treat them through comprehensive "enforcement pathways" targeted to specific property and owner types. In particular, owners are divided into three groups: cooperative, non-cooperative, and "missing in action." This segmentation methodology recognizes that different properties present different enforcement challenges and require different strategies to return them to productive use. In addition, this thesis examines the three collection methods available to cities: public collection, contracted third-party servicing, and privatized collection (tax lien sales), and addresses a major limiting factor on tax lien sales: their dependence on private market demand. Finally, it examines how cities can be more effective in managing and disposing of their property inventories. To guide property usage and disposition timing, it suggests that cities establish a central property inventory that includes critical land and building characteristics, a property potential reuse scoring system, and a market model that segments neighborhoods and identifies spatial and temporal "inflection points." It also recommends that cities not take a "one size fits all" approach to their entire inventory, but rather select the disposition method, -- sheriff's sale/auction, RFP, third-party transfer, or land banking, -- that is most appropriate for the property type, (sub)market condition, and desired outcome(s). Finally, it outlines strategies to overcome under-management of public assets, weak markets, and financing challenges. To support the discussion about how to best manage delinquency and disposition, it includes detailed case studies of Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston.
by Sara E. Brown.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Al-Mulla, Khalil I. "Stress Reduction Strategies for Improving Private Security Officer Performance." Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13427945.
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The impact of occupational stress on employees' health and work performance costs U.S. companies $300 billion annually; work-related stress is an issue for private security organizations all over the world. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies private security organizational leaders used to mitigate private security officers' occupational stress. The study participants were 4 leaders of a private security organization in Bahrain who had a minimum of 5 years of experience in the private security field and had addressed occupational stress successfully. The human capital theory was the conceptual framework used for this study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and review of archival documents. Yin's 5-step data analysis plan was applied to the data to generate 4 themes: private security occupational stressors, occupational stress reduction practices, leaders-officers open communication, and health protection policies. The identification and development of job stressor mitigation strategies has multiple implications for positive social change including protecting employees' well-being and increasing their working performance, productivity, and business success. Improving work performance and productivity produces opportunities for employment and supports economic growth and community goodwill. The practices of a successful organization positively influence the society by providing jobs and capital investments, which can improve the quality of life in the community.
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Fellner, Gerlinde, Rupert Sausgruber, and Christian Traxler. "Testing Enforcement Strategies in the Field: Threat, Moral Appeal and Social Information." Wiley, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12013.
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We run a large-scale natural field experiment to evaluate alternative strategies to enforce
compliance with the law. The experiment varies the text of mailings sent to potential evaders
of TV license fees. We find a strong effect of mailings, leading to a substantial increase in
compliance. Among different mailings, a threat treatment which makes a high detection risk
salient has a significant deterrent effect. Neither appealing to morals nor imparting information about others' behavior enhances compliance on aggregate. However, the information condition has a weak positive effect in municipalities where evasion is believed to be common. (authors' abstract)
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Holmgren, Jeffrey D. Dolan James R. "Building consensus for strategic planning and implementation for Coast Guard law enforcement /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA277118.
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Holmgren, Jeffrey D., and James R. Dolan. "Building consensus for strategic planning and implementation for Coast Guard law enforcement." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25722.
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This thesis examines the strategic planning and implementation process within the law enforcement missions of the United States Coast Guard. The Coast Guard is a unique federal agency for several reasons. Unlike many federal agencies, it has numerous missions that are not closely related. Coast Guard units are located throughout the United States and the world. There are various other political and organizational pressures that confront the Coast Guard leadership. This thesis looks at the Coast Guard law enforcement organization with an eye towards the changing dynamics that must be dealt with in strategic planning, including the various pressures that specifically affect the Coast Guard's law enforcement mission. Field interviews were conducted to identify themes and problems that relate to law enforcement strategic planning for law enforcement missions. Additionally, a survey was developed based on theme constructs, which was used for quantitative analysis and model development. Based on a literature review, qualitative analysis, model review, qualitative analysis, we then detail conclusions and recommendations that may improve strategic planning for the law enforcement mission within the Coast Guard and can be applied to many organizations that face multiple missions in a complex environment, including the United States Naval Supply Systems Command
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Halsey, Brad A. "Homeland security strategic plan for the non-major local law enforcement agency." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5588.
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CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Effectively implementing a homeland security program within police agencies labeled "non-major" in the United States is a challenge that requires different approaches from those that the large, or "major" departments employ. This research provides critical analysis leading to recommendations on how this important implementation can be accomplished without increasing the budget or personnel requirements within a given agency. Using a rigorous policy analytical framework and a representative case study approach, the findings coordinate and suggest how this process can fit into an agency's plan to protect and respond to a community while successfully merging new and existing homeland security programs. The research finds that within a non-major police agency, the critical nodes for implementing effective homeland security hinge on an integrated leadership, communication and data collection synergy that leaders of these non-major departments can be taught and implement. This research contributes to the growing literature seeking to merge traditional law enforcement responsibilities with emerging homeland security requirements more effectively.
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Hesler, Konstantin/von [Verfasser]. "Three Economic Experiments on Norm Enforcement, Honesty, and Strategic Gaze / Konstantin von Hesler." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1202440924/34.
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Barbosa, Adriano M. "Combating terrorism in the Brazilian Tri-Border area a necessary law enforcement strategic approach." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FBarbosa.pdf.
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Mendoza, Jose, and Jose Mendoza. "On Immigration Enforcement and Expulsion Strategies: A Moral and Political Defense of Immigrant Rights." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12538.
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Recently, Christopher Heath Wellman has proposed an innovative argument that appears to resolve, at least with respect to immigration, the tension between democratic autonomy (i.e. a people's right to self-determination) and human rights (i.e. respect for individual freedom and universal equality). Wellman argues, from a traditionally liberal point of view, that a legitimate state (i.e. a state that respects human rights) is entitled to self-determination and that part of the definition of being self-determined is having the presumptive right to unilaterally control immigration. In other words, Wellman claims that a state's unilateral right to control immigration can be made compatible with liberal commitments to individual freedom and universal equality.
I aim to raise a novel objection against Wellman's argument, which I hope will also challenge philosophers to think differently about the immigration issue as a whole. My position is that even if Wellman's conclusion is correct, that a state's right to self-determination can be made compatible with human rights, the presumptive right that this generates for a legitimate state to unilaterally control immigration is, at best, limited only to admission and exclusion policies (i.e. to questions about who can be let in and who can be kept out). Wellman's conclusion, however, does not hold for strategies of immigration enforcement and expulsion (i.e. to the questions about how these policies may be enforced or what sort of deportation procedures a state is justified in using).
And, in fact, I argue that under Wellman's account, a legitimate state would be restricted in deploying certain strategies of immigration enforcement and expulsion.
My conclusion is that with respect to immigration enforcement and expulsion strategies, the presumptive right is on the side of the immigrant and not the state. This means that if a legitimate state wishes to control immigration, it is the state who holds the burden of proof to show that not only its immigration policies but also its enforcement and expulsion strategies do not violate prior commitments to individual liberty and universal equality. This, I contend, provides a moral and political baseline justification for immigrant rights, which I refer to as a minimalist defense of immigrant rights.
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北折, 充隆, and Mitsutaka Kitaori. "社会規範からの逸脱行為に対する違反抑止メッセージの効果に関する研究 : 禁止メッセージの提示方略に着目して." 名古屋大学教育学部, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2903.
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Morrissey, James F. "Strategies for the integration of medical and health representation within law enforcement intelligence fusion centers." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FMorrissey.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Robert Simeral, Michael Petrie. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-76). Also available in print.
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Tam, Pak-fai, and 譚柏輝. "From enforcement to service delivery: a studyof strategic change in the Hong Kong Police Force." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50257547.
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Toth, Alexander G. "A Multi-dimensional Macrolevel Study of Drug Enforcement Strategies, Heroin Prices, and Heroin Consumption Rates." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7973.
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American policy makers primarily embrace a deterrent-based policing agenda to curb illicit drug trafficking and use that relies on the principles of the economic price elasticity of demand (Boynum & Reuter, 2005). This counter-drug platform includes three fundamental programs: arresting offenders, seizing illicit drugs, and eradicating horticultural sources of illicit drugs (U.S. DEA, 2015). One of the main goals of these programs is to deter illegal trafficking and use by increasing the price of illicit substances so they are no longer attractive to consumers. The United States has weathered various drug use epidemics during its history, and currently it is facing a heroin and opioid epidemic (Dean, 2017).
The present multi-dimensional study is guided by three broad goals: to assess the dynamics of illicit drug pricing and the economic price elasticity of demand perspective; to evaluate whether drug trafficking organizations respond to theoretically deterrence based counter-drug law enforcement efforts; and to assess why law enforcement activities are (or are not) effective in controlling illegal drug markets. To accomplish these three broad goals, four separate yet linked focal points comprised of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods evaluations of official data are examined.
The findings in the study call into question the current American counter-drug law enforcement agenda being used to address the ongoing heroin epidemic. Furthermore, the results shine light on various shortcomings in overall U.S. counter-drug policy. Finally, the study calls for a new approach to address illicit drug trafficking and use in the U.S.
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D'Angelo, Anthony P. "Strategic change and the Joint Terrorism Task Force ideas and recommendations /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FDAngelo.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in in Securities Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Brannan, David. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on February 15, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132). Also available in print.
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Wilson, Elizabeth Ford Markward Martha J. "Exploratory study of victim advocacy practices, strategies, resistance and relationships among crime victim service agencies." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7027.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 1, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Martha Markward. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Loconsolo, Michael E. "Exporting the Colombian "model": comparing law enforcement strategies towards security and stability operations in Colombia and México." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42676.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe increase in violence involving transnational organized crime syndicates in various parts of México in the twenty-first century is widely viewed as a challenge to security and stability. Some observers have drawn comparisons with the well documented conflict in Colombia in the 1980s and 1990s between the Colombian government and the Medellín and Cali cartels. Various factors, including the professionalization of the Colombian National Police, are viewed as a model for improving the effectiveness of law enforcement elsewhere. This thesis asks whether a Colombian law enforcement model can be codified, in terms of key attributes, to improve security and stability in México. To this end, I explore Colombia’s law enforcement strategy in the 1980s and 1990s and identify shifts in strategy that might also apply to the current struggle in México. At the same time, I identify aspects of the Colombian model that have little or no relevance to contemporary México. I argue that the Colombian model can do little to reduce or eliminate the production and transportation of illegal narcotics by México-based organized crime syndicates; however, a hybrid version of the Colombian model could help reduce the overall power of the cartels and enhance security and stability throughout México.
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Fortney, Michael B. "The Relationship among Stress Appraisals, Personality Traits, and Coping Strategies within Law Enforcement Agencies| A Quantitative Analysis." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128496.
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The importance of understanding how individuals appraise and cope with stressors is essential in the overall effective management of stress, especially in high-stress professions such as law enforcement. This study focused on understanding the reasons behind the dissimilarities in the appraisal of stressors and subsequent employment of different coping strategies among a sample of law enforcement officers. Although different variables have been examined independently, there was no clear understanding of the potential relationships between variables such as personality characteristics and coping strategies, especially when considering the appraisal of stressors. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to examine the relationship among appraisal of occupational stressors, personality traits, and coping strategies for a sample of 97 law enforcement officers from the West Virginia State Police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy Associates. This study included the appraisals of occupational stressors and personality traits as predictor variables and coping strategy choices will serve as the criterion variable. Multiple regression analyses were planned in order to evaluate how stress appraisals and personality traits predict coping strategies. Data were collected by using questionnaires consisting of the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire to measure stress appraisals, the Brief COPE Inventory Questionnaire to identify coping strategies, and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-3) to provide information on the Big Five Personality constructs. An insufficient number of officers completed the stress questionnaire to complete all of the planned analyses. However, results from multiple regression analyses using personality traits to predict coping suggested that certain personality traits are strongly associated with particular types of problem and emotion-focused coping. These findings have provided a better understanding of personalities and how those fit within the coping process for law enforcement officers.
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McCarthy, Charlton Shamus. "Strategies for promoting ethics within the SAPS." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8553.
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Corruption and unethical management is a legitimate global concern as it can have a direct and substantial impact on the longevity and the success of an organisation, and a country. As a result much attention has been given to unethical behavior and organisational ethical violations over the last decade. Recent events have indicated that ethics management is an organisational concern with mammoth implications for organisations. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of strategies for the promotion of ethics and the impact of unethical conduct on an organisation. A direct link exists between employee behaviour and the organisational environment. The desired ethical environment is negatively affected if the employees cannot distinguish between right and wrong and do not act ethically when confronted with ethical dilemmas. Proposed ethics strategies may also be impacted on by the unethical behaviour of the leadership of organisations, compliance with legislation and poorly managed ethics strategies. The main research problem in this study was to identify what strategies could be adopted to create an ethical culture within an organisation. To achieve this objective a model was developed, proposed and supported with literature and the research study. A research questionnaire was designed to obtain the relevant data that was distributed to previously identified respondents. The results indicated that the majority employees were of the view that the organisational environment and leadership was not ethical and that the majority of employees were not actively pursuing an ethical environment. Findings indicated that the majority of employees felt that contributing factors to achieve an ethical environment was present, but ethic strategies were ineffective and poorly managed. The proposed study model, when implemented successfully, would allow the organisation the effective application of ethic interventions.
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Layle, Michael J. "Community-Oriented Policing Strategies When Handling Nonviolent Drug Offenders." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1174.
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In this study, I analyze the responses of police officers to questions regarding their involvement in the use of Community-Oriented Policing strategies. When the officer encounters a drug offender they must decide how to deal with the situation. There are a variety of trained responses and policies available. The data is grouped into nine variables; time in law enforcement, time in department, perceived support, perceived barriers, COP strategy, COP action, prevention, help, and citation. The data is then analyzed using structural equation modeling.
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Appling, Tania Yvette. "Juvenile Correctional Officers' Experience Using De-escalation Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6161.
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Juvenile direct-care officers working in juvenile correctional facilities historically responded to critical and potentially aggressive incidents using nontherapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine and to understand the lived experiences of direct-care officers' use of de-escalation skills for managing violent and disruptive behaviors in juvenile correctional facilities. The findings from this study may add to the existing literature by describing juvenile correctional officers' experiences as well as to better understand their perceptions and attitude using de-escalation strategies in correctional environments. The social learning and self-efficacy theories provided the conceptual framework to examine and understand their experiences. The phenomenological design was used to examine the lived experiences of 9 juvenile direct-care officers use of de-escalation strategies to respond to disruptive and aggressive incidents within the juvenile correctional facility. The 9 direct-care officers participated in audio-recorded interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using Moustakas's phenomenological steps that identified 3 themes using de-escalation strategies: to avoid use of force and reduce liability of injuries; to resolve conflicts using their words to de-escalate the youth or the situation; and to use according to their training, perceived level of confidence, and effectiveness of de-escalation strategies. Understanding direct-care officers' perceptions of use of de-escalation may result in positive social change for fostering caring and safe living correctional environments and strengthen current training curriculums for working with aggressive and disruptive behaviors.
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Licate, David A. "Innovations and Organizational Change in Ohio Police Departments." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1289880822.
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Gultekin, Kubra O'Connor Brian C. "Knowledge management and law enforcement an examination of knowledge management strategies of the police information system (POLNET) in the Turkish National Police /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-11040.
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Jones, G. B. "Towards a strategic approach to special events management in the post-9/11 world." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FJones%5FGB.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense) )--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s):Chris Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-113). Also available online.
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Hasanat, Abul. "Enforcing the environment conservation act in Bangladesh: Role of legal institutions under statutory and constitutional laws." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212809/1/Abul_Hasanat_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the role of legal institutions in enforcing the Environment Conservation Act in Bangladesh. Applying the legal analytical method, it analyses in public law perspective how the Department of Environment, the High Court Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court, and the Special environmental courts enforce this law. The thesis argues that these legal institutions can enforce the law effectively if they adhere to the rule of law norms, particularly legitimacy, fairness, and justice in adopting environmental legal actions and measures. Effective enforcement of the law also requires strengthening of accountability systems to check breaches of such norms.
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Gultekin, Kubra. "Knowledge Management and Law Enforcement: An Examination of Knowledge Management Strategies of the Police Information System (POLNET) in the Turkish National Police." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11040/.
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This research study explores knowledge management (KM) in law enforcement, focusing on the POLNET system established by the Turkish National Police as a knowledge-sharing tool. This study employs a qualitative case study for exploratory and descriptive purposes. The qualitative data set came from semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews, as well as self-administered e-mail questionnaires. The sample was composed of police administrators who created POLNET, working under the Department of Information Technologies and the Department of Communication. A content analysis method is used to analyze the data. This study finds that law enforcement organizations' KM strategies have several differences from Handzic and Zhou's integrated KM model. Especially, organizational culture and structure of law enforcement agencies differently affect knowledge creation, conversion, retrieval, and sharing processes. Accordingly, this study offers a new model which is dynamic and suggests that outcomes always affect drivers.
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Mason, Elizabeth Louise. "The effect of a national institutional system of intellectual property protection and enforcement (ISI) on the intellectual property management strategies of firms : the case of India and China." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658556.
Full textAbstract:
This research examines the effect of a nation's IP environment on the IP management (IPM) strategies of foreign innovative firms. It introduces the conc;ept of a national institutional system of intellectual property protection and enforcement (ISI) to capture the characteristics of a country's IP system. The ISI comprises: (i) formal (de jure) substantive and subordinate laws (including supranational, national and sub-national laws, infrastructure and systems) and (ii) informal (de facto) rules of behaviour of institutional and economic actors. This research reveals that a national ISI can have a significant determinant effect on the IPM strategies of firms at both a macro-level (i.e. expansion decisions and entry-mode choice) and a micro-level (i.e. decisions taken in the host country to manage IPRs). This study identifies and compares the IS Is of two developing countries, namely, India and China, which provide only weak IP protection and enforcement and yet are significant sources of infringing activity. We examine how the ISI of each country impacts on firm strategy, with a focus on three high-technology industries, namely, biosciences, advanced engineering and software-electronics. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers of foreign innovative firms that have operations in India or China, or both. Interview data provide insights into their perceptions and experiences of the ISI of each country and the IPM strategies they deploy to protect and enforce their IPRs. This study reveals strong similarities and differences between the ISIs of both countries, and that this has a varying effect on the IPM strategies of firms depending on the industry context. In particular, we find that the informal rules of behaviour have a greater effect on firm strategy than do formal characteristics of the ISI. We explain why firms from the three focal industries adopt different IPM strategies in response to the ISI of each country, and how these vary in their effectiveness by industry and between the two countries.
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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.
Full textAbstract:
Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.
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WU, CHENG-MING, and 吳政旻. "Patent Rights Border Enforcement Strategies for High Technology Industries." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6dm4dh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
法律學系
105
To enhance the protection of patentees, the “Complementary Measures for The Draft of Additions to Partial Articles of Patent Act” were passed on January 3rd, 2014 by the Legislature. The additions include Article 97-1 through 97-4, which are the articles for border enforcement. The new amendment was put in force on March 24, 2014, and the supplementary “Regulations Governing Customs Detaining Goods Suspected of Patent Infringement” also came into effect on the same day. By comparing the practices of trademark rights, copyrights and border enforcement for patent rights in our country, this thesis aims to analyze the differences between the procedures and measures of border enforcement for patent rights. Additionally, by researching the practices of border enforcement for intellectual property rights in TRIPs, the European Union, the United States, China and Japan, the thesis explores the measures that developed countries adopt in dealing with border enforcement for patent rights, and further examines the problems as well as the insufficiencies in our legal system when enforcing border enforcement for patent rights. Finally, from the perspective of the high technology industries, the thesis proposes strategies for high technology companies to adopt when tackling border enforcement for patent rights, and puts forth practical advice on the amendments of border enforcement for patent rights, in the hope that better border enforcement for patent rights in our country will be achieved. It is considered that high technology companies should put emphasis on patent deployment, and should also integrate upstream and downstream supply chains while building patent pools with other companies. In so doing, both research time and cost will be reduced and the risk of patent infringements can be avoided, thus consolidating a company’s foundations in the industry. As for the suggestions for amending border enforcement for patent rights in our country, it is proposed that solutions should be found for the regulatory systems and detention procedures to deal with the following problems: complicated regulations, high thresholds to detain goods at the customs, lack of supplementary measures, insufficient protection for exported items, unavailability of information for detention requesters on imported and exported items, the unequal rights between detention requesters and owners of the detained items, deficiency in definition of standardized quantities for de minimis imports, and lack of a proper advice-lodging system. Also, in terms of the abilities our customs have in identifying items that may infringe on patent rights, this thesis suggests that the registering system in China and inter-department inquiry system in Japan can be used as examples. Expanding technical examination officers’ authorities in accordance with the current detention procedures is also required so that protective procedures for the customs can be added to border enforcement for patent rights in our country. Our country’s resolutions to enforce border enforcement for patent rights have been demonstrated in the Patent Act, which has been stipulated in compliance with the purpose of border enforcement for patent rights regulated in the TRIPs. Further rectifications of Patent Act and related complementary measures shall be made on the basis of the advantages of developed countries’ border enforcement for intellectual property rights, so our country’s current regulations can be strengthened.
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Wu, Yin-Shih, and 吳英世. "Proposed Enhancement Strategies of Estate and Gift Tax Enforcement." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06658488060284670661.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
97
The main purpose of the estate tax, or the tax levied on the property accumulated in the lifetime of the deceased person, is to uncover the average wealth of the society. Our nation adopts the essence of the estate and gift tax system to levy estate and gift tax on the property of a natural person upon his or her death. At present, the rate structure of estate and gift tax is divided into 10 classes, the highest rate of which is 50%. As the tax exemption and various deductions tend to be rather high, only 5% of cases are eligible to be levied. The number of people affected was limited and insignificant in ratio. Since the U.S. Congress passed the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, and also from the influence of globalization and internationalization, the international capital is flowing more freely. Since 2001, business magnates also suggested that estate and gift tax be abolished by 2010. The executive authority by then had integrated the reform of estate and gift tax in the agenda of reform under the Financial Reform Committee of Executive Yuan. On the basis of Professor Ho Chih-Ching’s research report, the committee simplified the classes of estate and gift tax into 5 classes. The rate of the highest class, in compliance with general income tax rate, was dropped from 50% to 40% and was listed in the medium-range financial reform plan. The research suggested that the rate of the highest class be only dropped by a small extent to 40%, which though unable to satisfy demand, would not create disputes as a large drop would. Under this situation, the suggestion of reform has not been able to be implemented so far. After assuming power, the new government deemed high estate and gift tax the reason for the serious shift of Taiwan’s capital overseas in recent years. In order to build up a tax system with international competitiveness, though the disputes are still in existence, the Amendment bill to drop the rate of the highest class to 10% was approved on the first reading on December 3rd, 2008. Whether “levying high tax rate on estate and gift tax would cause a shift of capital overseas,” “the extent of shift of capital,” “impacts on the economy” or “external factors other than tax, such as political and economic stability, industrial structure, comprehensive infrastructure, transparency of legal system, etc.” affect the shift of capital will require further evidence. Yet since Legislative Yuan adopted the tax reduction bill on first reading, this study will not discuss this subject but instead turn to analyze, from the viewpoint of efficiency, how the important stipulations of current Estate and Gift Tax Act may reach the target of fair levy. Based on this, the content of this study is first introduced and a summary is provided on the reasons for facilitating the understanding of how all important stipulations (the stipulation of Estate and Gift Tax Act, by orientation of the object of taxation, subject of taxation, declaration and rendering, guaranteed tax payment, and penalties, etc.) achieve the target of levying estate and gift tax. Second, upon practical levy operation, how to solve the contradiction between the stipulations of Estate and Gift Tax Act and the target of fair levy, and how to increase efficiency are then analyzed. The agenda of discussion includes four items, namely: reserved land for public facilities related tax avoidance, duties to declaration deemed as gift, burdening estate and gift tax within the extent of estate, and appropriate extension on assessment period. The suggestions raised are: tax exemption of reserved land for public facilities shall be limited; the duties to declaration are loosened for the case of “buy and sell” under “deemed as a gift”; estate and gift tax is to be reimbursed in the extent of the estate; lastly, the assessment period for deliberate avoidance of estate and gift tax should be unlimited.
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Hufnagel, Saskia Maria. "Comparison of EU and Australian cross-border law enforcement strategies." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151247.
Full textAbstract:
Police cooperation strategies between member states of the European Union (EU) and between Australian federal, state and territory jurisdictions are an important aspect of their fight against cross-border crime. While the abolition of controlled borders is still a recent phenomenon in the EU, Australian states and territories effectively abolished border controls with the advent of Federation in 1901. Australian state police forces have therefore a long history of cooperating across borders, and thus certain aspects of cooperation in Australia may be usefully compared with cooperation between EU member states. In Australia, only within the last decade have agencies established a common police database and legal measures such as mutual recognition of warrants. It remains the case that most police cooperation strategies between Australian jurisdictions continue to rely on informal agency-to-agency agreements such as memoranda of understanding. The EU similarly has limited competence in this field, with member state cooperation limited to partial harmonisation of laws regulating police cooperation between EU member states. The most advanced cooperation strategies take place on bilateral or multilateral levels, and the impact of EU level policies on police practices remains limited. This thesis analyses the historical development of police cooperation strategies in both systems from a comparative, socio-legal perspective. It first outlines the development of police cooperation strategies in the EU and Australia since the late 19th century. A focus lies on the evolution of legal harmonisation since the 1950s - in particular harmonisation of criminal law and procedure and the establishment of common legal frameworks - and practitioner responses to these developments. While legal harmonisation in the EU is the result of interaction between regional practitioner initiatives and harmonised EU responses, Australian formal regional cooperation does not exist and the policing of its territory relies mainly on federal agencies. Inter-agency cooperation in Australia is a result of the harmonisation of criminal law and procedure and the application of mutual recognition, while the EU more prominently employs broad legal frameworks. However, with a view to their application in practice this thesis assesses the potential transfer of the different approaches to the other system. As legal harmonisation in Australia and the EU is relatively undeveloped, the analysis includes other strategies, such as education and training, common forums, institutions and agencies that could potentially compensate the lack of legal uniformity. These strategies have evolved to a similar extent in both systems and are considered a necessary accessory to legal harmonisation by practitioners. However, this does not hold true for two particular agencies, the Australian Federal Police (AFP) and Europol, which experience criticism in both systems. These agencies as well as selected regional cooperation initiatives and harmonised laws and legal frameworks are consequently examined in three case studies with a view to their potential applicability in the other system. The thesis highlights the importance of a combined approach between legal harmonisation, sociologically oriented strategies and regional cooperation initiatives to overcome cultural, structural, organisational, historical and many other differences between jurisdictions in both systems and consequently, identifies areas of further research.
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Jackson, Marna. "Strategies for inspection and enforcement of occupational health and safety legislation." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/540.
Full textAbstract:
Major changes have occurred in the workplace in the past decades. Technology has changed dramatically, innovative ways of utilising nuclear power have been developed, new chemicals have been introduced to the market and the adverse effects of other chemicals on both human health and safety and the environment have been discovered. This has influenced the nature of the workforce itself. Regulators in the different jurisdictions were required to react to the challenges that these changes represent. This thesis explores the responses in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the Republic of South Africa by identifying the occupational safety and health (OSH) regulations, administration, enforcement and penalties which have been put in place to address the above mentioned challenges. It is impossible to mention all the changes in the workforce and workplace that have occurred in the recent years, and this thesis therefore focuses on the possibilities that different types of regulation offer to address some of these changes. Alterations to existing approaches are proposed to ensure that enforcement is improved and better targeted. The utilisation of third parties as surrogate regulators is also addressed. The central theme of this thesis is how the law can stimulate self-regulation by adopting a Safety Management System (SMS) within enterprises to encourage “self-critical reflection about their OHS performance”. The purpose of criminal sanctions in occupational safety and health regulation, the role of the prosecution in the enforcement of OSH strategies and the possibility of combining prosecutions of corporations with prosecutions of individual managers and directors who are responsible for non-compliance with OSH standards are also addressed. Although it is most important to ensure that workers are not injured or do not contract occupational diseases, in practice this does unfortunately happen. Therefore this thesis also discusses the compensation of injured workers.Professor D. S. de Villiers
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胡谷展. "Research on enforcement strategies and effects on driving after drinking in Taipei." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87111154779876723612.
Full text
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Ku, Tsung-hung, and 古宗弘. "Discussion of maritime law enforcement strategies of oil discharge pollution from navigating ships." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04612897303563750421.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
海洋環境及工程學系研究所
100
Taiwan is an island surrounded by ocean, where its unique geographical location has placed Taiwan the role of the Asian maritime hub. Heavy traffic is around the surrounding water with thousands of ships passing through each day. The prosperous shipping industrial bring economic benefits, nevertheless, it also enhances the risk of marine pollution. Facing the potential marine environmental impact incurred by shipping, it is imperative to review the current inspection system and related policies designated to the prevention of ship pollution. Currently in Taiwan, Port State Control (PSC) is implemented by the harbor bureaus, who enforce the regulations articulated by PSC. The objectives of PSC are to protect human life and cargo safety at sea, and to prevent the pollution from ships. Due to the lack of dedicated units and personnel, there are no frequent ship inspections and thus less effective PSC operations. In addition, without any appropriate vessel to navigate off coast, the harbor bureaus cannot perform investigations on board for the ships sail around Taiwan waters. It is therefore possible that the ships discharge waste oil and sewage into the sea intentionally or negligently, and cause marine environmental pollution and impact marine ecology. The study has identified the inadequate capacity for maritime enforcement in Taiwan. To improve the current situations, it is necessary to refer to law enforcement experiences from developed countries. After careful review the related literatures, the study has also interviewed several domain experts and presented the results using the SWOT table. In addition, a multi-objective programming (MOP) model has been formulated to suggest the allocation strategies of inspection resources based on the objectives of cost and performance. Finally, the study has analyzed the historical events, enforcement capacities, equipment, laws, and policies, and has proposed the comprehensive suggestions to overcome the current problems and thus improve the supervision of oil pollution from ships. The goals of marine environmental protection and sustainable marine ecology are therefore achievable.
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Fellig, Menachem M. "Patent pools and competition law : an examination of the enforcement strategies of competition authorities." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2546.
Full textAbstract:
In the past decade, we have seen a resurgence of patent pools. These pools have
emerged in our high-tech world to overcome a number of transaction costs involved
in assembling patents necessary for the creation of new technologies. While patent
pools can be pro-competitive; they can also present a number of anti-competitive
features, such as sheltering collusion and eliminating competition between rival
firms. This has been said to explain the enormous swings in the analytical approach
of enforcement agencies with respect to patent pools.
The introduction of the Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property by
American competition authorities marked an important shift in patent pool
enforcement, reflecting the view that intellectual property and competition law are
actually complementary, both seeking to enhance innovation as well as competition.
Based on these Guidelines, enforcement agencies' identified potential problems and
have offered a number of guiding principles and recommendations - in the form of
Business Review Letters - to help pooling parties avoid running afoul of competition
law.
A review of some of these guidelines reveals that following them indiscriminately,
without regard to the particular circumstances, can in fact have a negative impact on
innovation and industry. Four areas where a clarification and refinement of policy
are necessary are highlighted; namely, the essentiality doctrine, pool, independent
licensing and grantback clauses. We maintain that guidance from the competition
authorities is too rigid, and that a more carefully tailored approach is necessary to
achieve an optimal outcome in both competition and innovation.Au cours de la dernière décennie, nous observons une renaissance de l'institution des communautés de brevets (patent pools), constitués pour surmonter les coûts afférents a la réunion des brevets nécessaires pour la création des nouvelles technologies. Bien que ces communautés de brevets en général favorisent la concurrence, elles peuvent aussi avoir des effets anti-concurrentiels, entre autre, en permettant la collusion et l'élimination de la concurrence entre compagnies rivales. On a dit que ceci explique les étonnantes oscillations dans l'approche analytique qu'ont adoptée les organismes d'application à l'égard des communautés de brevets. L'introduction des Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property par les autorités de la concurrence américaines marque un point tournant dans l'analyse des communautés de brevets, reflétant le fait que les lois de la propriété intellectuelle et celles de la concurrence sont, en réalité, complémentaires en ce qu'elles tendent toutes les deux à améliorer l'innovation et la concurrence. Se basant sur ces lignes directrices, les agences ont identifié les problèmes potentieis et ont offert un certain nombre de directives et de recommandations sous forme de lettres de revue (Business Review Letters) pour aider ceux qui entendent constituer des communautés de brevets à éviter d'enfreindre la Loi. Toutefois, une révision de certaines de ces lignes directrices démontre que, suivies d'une façon inconsiderées, sans égard aux circonstances particulières, elles peuvent avoir un impact négatif sur l'innovation et l'industrie. Quatre sections ont été mises en évidence où les règles doivent être clarifiées et nuancées, à savoir la doctrine de l'essentialité, les droits d'exclusivité, les services indépendants délivrant les licences et les clauses de rétrocession. Nous soutenons que les règles adoptées par les autorités de la concurrence sont trop rigides et qu'une approche plus nuancée est nécessaire pour atteindre un résultat optimal, à la fois pour la concurrence et pour l'innovation.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit, option recherche"
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Lee, Chia-Chi, and 李嘉琪. "Study on the emission characteristics and enforcement strategies for alternative fuel (gasoline/LPG) vehicles." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/294k3e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
100
Through questionnaires, this study aims at investigating the execution strategies and subsidy measures under the promotion policy of gasoline-LPG dual-fuel vehicle by the government. According to the investigation, 36.2% of the repliers thought that the subsidy is too low to be economic incentive, and 21.3% answered that the application is too complicated. For different subsidy measures, 42.2% agreed on the subsidy of the new purchase or the change to low emission vehicle, 34.6% agreed on the reduction of fuel tax or parking fee, and 21.5% preferred on the subsidy of LPG cost. According to the economic effectiveness analysis of this study, it is estimated that the use of gasoline-LPG dual-fuel vehicle can have an annual saving of 50,829.1 NT dollars as compared to that of the gasoline vehicle. If the saving is converted to gasoline fuel consumption, 1,585.4 liters of 95 lead-free gasolines can be saved each year. It is found in this study that, the public’s willing to use dual-fuel vehicle is lowered because the public still has to pay most part of the cost for the change of vehicle. Moreover, when the price difference between LPG and gasoline is higher than 57%, the willing will increase; lower than 44%, the willing decreases. When the price difference is lower than 36%, the amount for the change of gasoline to duel-fuel system will slow obviously. It is suggested that the price difference between LPG and gasoline should be kept remarkable to enhance the public to change the gasoline vehicle to duel-fuel system. The LPG price for vehicle should be modified with those of gasoline and diesel. In metro area with high population density, preferential measures for parking and other incentives will enhance people to choose duel-fuel vehicles.
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楊醫隆. "The Study of Strategies to Enhance the National Highway Police Drunk Driving Enforcement Strength." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03157999931608653858.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
運輸科技與管理學系
103
Drunk driving not only causes personal financial loss but causes broken homes. For example, in October 2011 in New Taipei City, a firefighter was bumped by a drunken driver while providing medical care for the patient, having his left leg amputated in the end. In addition, in April 2012, Mr. Yeh, who drove under the influence collided with a garbage truck and then hit a passerby, Lee. Lee was dead on the spot. As for Yeh’s friend, Chen, who was on the shotgun seat, died after being taken to hospital. Both of the above cases became the issue in the society then and generated the discussion on the implementation of drunk driving prevention among the public. Nearly five hundred accidents of drunk driving occur on the National Freeway every year. However, from 2009 to 2013, the number of clampdown on drunk driving is decreasing year by year. National highway police agency is affiliated with the traffic police bureau. To the national highway police, cracking down on drunk driving is their top priority. In addition, most of the clampdown cases come from the spot check and the spot checks at the tollbooths take part of them. Facing the change of the removal of the original electronic tollbooth at the end of 2013 and a major overhaul in drunken driving, it becomes an essential issue for national highway police to seek the best strategy for drunk driving enforcement, enhancing drunk driving enforcement strength. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the clampdown done by national highway police and the current situations of drunk driving accidents and education. Based on the above analyses, this study develops 15 strategies to help national highway police enhance the drunk driving enforcement strength from legal, administrative, and educational aspects. Using the AHP, this study helps understand the order of the 15 strategies in the mind of frontline police officers and cadres. Besides, from the in-depth interviews with five experts specializing in relevant domains, this study testifies the feasibility of those strategies. From the perspective of national highway police, and the result based on the national highway police questionnaire and the verification from experts, it is concluded that the best two strategies are enforcing stricter regulation on drunk driving as well as increasing the fine for driving under influence. Moreover, the result of the study will be offered to the related government department for reference, thus improving road safety.
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Durkin, Carol L. "Strategies of enforcement utilized by the Australian civil aviation regulatory body and their influence on safety." Thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/489762.
Full textAbstract:
Enforcement strategies utilized by the civil aviation safety regulator in Australia have to date, received scant attention from researchers. This thesis is a first attempt to look at such enforcement strategies and apply them to practical situations. It does so in an all embracing manner, taking into account the part played by aviation's historical origins, both international and domestic, that have led to the complex set of aviation safety regulations now in existence. It pays particular attention to the historical importance of Australia's former unique two-airline policy and the constitutional problems facing the early lawmakers dealing with a constitution written before the advent of aviation. It describes and examines regulatory theory as it relates to such enforcement strategies and attempts to bring together such theory with practice by applying it to practical examples. Finally it analyses how certain pressures and influences may have swayed the type of enforcement strategies pursued by the regulator at various times as these are evidenced in parliamentary inquiries and reported cases in the years since economic de-regulation of the aviation industry. The thesis puts forward the hypothesis that strategies of enforcement employed by the civil aviation regulatory authority have a profound effect on aviation safety. It contends that evidence drawn from inquiries and reported cases over a twenty-year period point to a regulator who prefers a compliance strategy of cooperation with industry, rather than a sanctioning or deterrence strategy. The thesis also emphasizes that the evidence drawn from various inquiries and coroner's inquests points to the fact that such a strategy, if it is lacking or seen to be lacking in adequate checks and balances, can pose an increased risk to aviation safety. Emphasis is placed on the need for the aviation safety regulator to be at all times cognizant of the dangers that are inherent in a compliance based enforcement strategy, especially where the regulator puts itself in 'partnership' with industry. A number of topics have been identified for further research. They include the need for a greater comparative analysis of enforcement strategies used by regulators in similarly aligned countries to Australia, the concept of regulatory 'capture' and a comparative inquiry into the sometimes ambiguous dual role of 'educator' and 'policeman' expected of the regulator.
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Tsai, Mu-xuan, and 蔡慕宣. "A Study on the Attitude and the Enforcement Strategies of Elementary School Teachers towards Positive Discipline." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37686725823807414696.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
國民教育研究所(Graduate School of Elementary and Seco
98
The purpose of the thesis was to explore the relationship between the attitude and the enforcement strategies of elementary school teachers towards positive discipline. With a view to achieving the researching goal, a questionnaire survey method was adopted. The researcher used the self-designed questionnaire of “The Attitude and the Enforcement Strategies of Elementary School Teachers towards Positive Discipline” as the research tool, and focused on the subjects from the elementary schools of five cities and counties in central Taiwan- Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan. And the result was analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis. The findings of the research were stated as follows: 1. The elementary school teachers held affirmative attitude towards positive education, among which the harmonious relationship was favored the most. The elementary school teachers were able to carry out strategies of positive discipline, among which the class instruction and management was carried out in this way to the furthest level. 2. The attitude of and enforcement strategies elementary school teachers towards positive discipline didn’t obviously differ because of teachers’ gender, seniority, or the educational background. The attitude of elementary school teachers towards positive discipline did obviously differ because of the size and scale of school.The enforcement strategies of elementary school teachers did obviously differ because of the size and scale of school and the different positions teachers were holding. 3. There was moderate correlation between the attitude of elementary school teachers towards positive discipline and that to the enforcement strategies. And every facet of the positive education did influence the enforcement strategies, among which multiplicity and equality and life caring were influenced the most. Finally, the conclusion and suggestions were offered for reference of concerning educators in the teaching and administrative field.
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Schnack, Henning. "The Role of Enforcement in the Decision Making of Preparers and Auditors of Financial Statements." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E5CE-F.
Full text
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Farenholtz, Glenn Douglas. "Environmental regulation and incentives to comply : reviewing the economics behind forest practices enforcement strategies in British Columbia." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15201.
Full textAbstract:
Government, as the Principal in the Principal-Agent theory model, can maximize social
welfare in setting up an enforcement structure that provides incentive for an Agent to adopt
diligent behaviour. Also, society is better off providing opportunity for development and
harvesting of resources on those lands where diligent behaviour will result in social welfare
gains. Penalties provide incentive for firms to expend on precautionary strategies to lessen
the social welfare loss of environmental damage and allow for the maximization of social
welfare.
Using a partial equilibrium model of social welfare from forest management activities, a
definition of what penalties should be to provide optimal incentive is developed. Penalties
levied under the Forest Practices Code of British Columbia Act have been described as low
by the Forest Practices Board and by environmental groups due to not recognizing the value
of environmental damage in the sanction. As penalties are negligence-based under the
Code, they do not explicitly consider environmental damage as is shown in the derivations
from the partial equilibrium model. The model describes that penalties should be greater
than the difference in the cost of being diligent relative to the increased likelihood of
environmental damage from non-diligent behaviour. The relative effects of that ratio are
subject to social value constraints, and some consideration as to proportionality of this
relationship has bearing on whether the "penalty fits the crime".
Government may elect to pursue other non-financial strategies to effect compliance, as the
cost of pursuing an enforcement action exceeds the expected social gains of enforcement,
and therefore would be a welfare loss with a low probability of successful sanction.
Economic incentive to comply is more sensitive to the probability of a penalty being applied
than the size of the penalty and therefore actions that increase the successful application of
a sanction, for example making regulations and standards clearer and more enforceable,
will assist in providing for increased incentive to comply.
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"The regulation of mainland Chinese companies listing in Hong Kong: an examination of the enforcement problems and strategies." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884520.
Full textAbstract:
Chan, Yiu Ming Gordon.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
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HUANG, CHIH-HSIEN, and 黃志賢. "An Empirical Study of the Factors Influencing the Perceived Work Stress and Response Strategies in Law Enforcement Officers." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2pj253.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
犯罪防治碩士在職專班
106
Law enforcement is a highly stressful profession, particularly officers involved in criminal affairs. Law enforcement duties are challenging, unpredictable, exhausting, and extremely dangerous. Subsequently, many factors influence the perceived stress of law enforcement officers, such as the external environment, internal organization, duties (at the station or in the field), and personal factors. This study aimed to elucidate the differences in the perceived work pressure of different law enforcement officers and the correlations between their personal characteristics and the strategies they adopt to cope with stress. The research subjects were the field and support officers serving in the Tainan Police Department. A questionnaire survey was adopted for data collection. A total of 532 questionnaires were administered, and 458 questionnaires were retained after eliminating the incomplete and unsuitable questionnaires. The effective recovery rate was 86.09%. Findings revealed that law enforcement officers largely perceived stress in two categories based on their duties, specifically, support and field. The support category comprised two dimensions, “career development limitations” and “complexity of duties.” The field category comprised two dimensions, “work-family conflict” and “doubts about competency.” Stress-coping measures were also categorized into support and field. The support category comprised three dimensions, “coping with new duties,” “passive evasion,” “copy with routine duties.” The field category comprised four dimensions, “copying with performance constraints,” “copying with performance handling,” “seeking external support systems,” and “seeking internal support systems.” Based on the empirical analysis results and the author’s experience, only field officers were ultimately examined (support officers were excluded) to determine the challenges and blind spots and formulate constructive suggestions concerning the duties of enforcement officers, thereby effectively reducing officers’ work stress and enhancing their willingness to fulfill their duties and receive work gratification.
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Lin, Chu-Hsuan, and 林竺諼. "A study of the relationship between principals’ moral leadership and strategies of character education enforcement in junior high schools ─ example of Taipei city." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42427491921216928748.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
學校行政碩士在職專班
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This study aims to investigate the current development of principals’ moral leadership and strategies of character education enforcement in Taipei public junior high schools and to analyze the differences in teachers’ & principals’ personal variables and school environmental variables concerning principals’ moral leadership and strategies of character education enforcement. Finally, it explores the relationship between principals’ moral leadership and strategies of character education enforcement. This study em⥪loys the research method of questionnaire surveys and semi structured interviews. There were two survey tools used in the study, including Principals’ Moral Leadership Questionnaire and Strategies of Character Education Enforcement Questionnaire. Four hundred and seventy-six subjects are randomly selected from twenty-two public junior high schools in Taipei city. A total of 444 questionnaires was returned. Out of those, 88.2% was v⧗lid (420 out of 476). Valid sample data was analyzed and processed using the methods of description statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé posteriority comparison, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regressions. The frame of the interview questions was designed according to the findings from the questionnaire. Two principals, two chairpersons, and two teachers were interviewed to clarify and extend the findings of the survey. Then, the dat⩍ retrieved from questionnaires and interviews were compiled, categorized, synthesized and analyzed. Following is the summary of the study: 1.The current development of principals’ moral leadership and the strategies of character education enforcement in junior high schools are both above the average. 2.There is no significant difference in teachers’ experiences of principals’ moral leadership in terms of gender, seniority, educational background and teaching ⫁ield; and, there is no significant difference in teachers’ recognition about strategies of character education enforcement in t⫡rms of teachers’ seniority, educational background and position. 3.Gender of the principal makes no significant difference in the performance of principals’ moral leadership; also, principals’ educational background makes no significant difference in strategies of character education enforcement. 4.There is significant difference in principals’ moral leadership in terms of principals’ age, educational background, and seniority. Principals get better scores o⭕ principals’ moral leadership are those who are aged between 51 and 55, finish 40-credit Continuing Education Program and have been on the position for 3 to 4 years. 5.There is significant difference in strategies of character education enforcement in terms of principals’ gender and age. Female principals aged between 51 and 55 get better scores. 6.There are significant differences in both principals’ moral leadership and strategies of ch⯄racter education enforcement to teachers from schools of different scales. Teachers serving in schools with and over 49 classes give better recognition to these two issues. 7.It shows significant positive correlation between principals’ moral leadership and strategies of character education enforcement. 8.Principals’ moral leadership demonstrates the predictability of strategies of character education enforcemeⰬt in Taipei junior high schools. This study is finalized at proposing practical suggestions based on the findings and conclusions to educational administration authorities, junior high principals, educators and faculty for further study and reference.
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SPICUZZA, LUCIA. "Legal capabilities and competitive advantage: an application on IP management." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3105105.
Full textAbstract:
Firms’ value chain activities are everyday intersected by legal issues that managers are obliged to face and to manage since law imposes many duties to firms, such as environmental regulation, taxes, employment and labor laws, etc..
In spite of this, for many years managers have underestimated the role of legal capabilities within the firm. The reason why is maybe due to the general perception of law as a constraint for managers striving to create and appropriate value (North, 1990) and of legal counselors as professionals always acting in the interest of public and governments (Ring, Bigley, D'aunno, & Khanna, 2005; Wallace & Kay, 2008) or in their own (Sundaram & Inkpen, 2004) rather than in the one of the firms (Ladinsky & Grossman, 1966; Reed, 1969).
This perception, that was quite widely diffused among Top Management Teams, was overcome in the early 2000s, when many scholars, especially in the legal fields, hypothesized the chance for lawyers to positively contribute in the achievement and sustainment of a competitive advantage for firms (Bird, 2008, 2010, 2011; Siedel, 2000).
At the same time, managers started to consider legal tools as a part of market strategy (Edelman & Suchman, 1997).
Drawing upon this empirical evidence, a new research stream emerged, the so called“proactive approach of law” (Siedel & Haapio, 2010, 2016).Accordingly, legal strategies are imagined as pursuing to exploit opportunities that new international regulatory frameworks and their uncertainty (Malhotra & Morris, 2009) offer to firms. In more details, companies may benefit from the non unanimous application of statutes and law made by Courts (Jones, 2000) in the exclusive interest of clients.
As a consequence, firms started including legal capabilities as a source of competitive advantage and thinking how to extract value from legal functions (Bird, 2008).
It is not surprising to find out that managers are strongly advised to hire attorneys within their firms and to empower them to manage and solve many in-house issues such as contracting activities (with clients, suppliers and competitors), governance forms (delegating them in the choice whether a limited liability company or a corporation is the most suitable solution for the business), taxes, real estates, licenses and management of Intellectual Property Rights strategies.
Furthermore, lawyers are also required to work effectively outside of the legal system (Rosen, 2000), to develop relationships with legal decision-makers (Tsang, 1998), to build networks and alliances (Tracey & Phillips, 2011).
This dissertation focuses on the active and positive contributions that legal counselors can provide to the management of the firm in the achievement and sustainment of a competitive advantage delineating the existence of legal capabilities concerning the exploitation of legal tools and the mixture of strategies, deeply focusing on the Intellectual Property (aftermath, IP) Management activities.
Notwithstanding the huge amount of prior work on sources of competitive advantage (Barney, 1991; Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997), legal capabilities havealmost been underestimated.
The resource based view of the firm (Barney, 1991; Peteraf, 1993) stresses the relevance that each resource which is rare, valuable, inimitable and difficultly substitutable can be useful for firms in achieving a competitive advantage.
The same characteristics should be as well owned by capabilities, meant as special types of resources embedded within the firm purposed to improve the productivity of other resources possessed by firm (Makadok, 2001).
This dissertation intends to explore how legal capabilities may maximize the value of other resources, and specifically the value of IP tools within firms.
This choice is consistent with the relevance IP toolsachieved in the last decade, more specifically the surge of patent applications and grants and, in turn, the growing number of patent lawsuits (Hanel, 2006).
Therefore, IP management is a newly emerged stream of literature which calls for more scholarly attention in order to provide an integrative framework of IP tools (such as patents, trademarks, secrets and copyrights) within overall business model design and corporate strategies (Al-Aali & Teece, 2013).
In order to profit from innovations, firms have to pursue proper strategies (Dai, 1996) aimed at protecting IP tools and appropriability chances for firms.
The goal of this dissertation is provide some empirical evidence on how and why legal capabilities strategies can be crucial in shaping proper strategies which may contribute to lower a firm’s net costs and/ or to increase its revenues beyond what would otherwise be expected (Barney & Arikan, 2001).
With the exception of Bagley (2006, 2008, 2010, 2016), the “legal astuteness capability” is a neglected issue in the capabilities literature and this knowledge gap calls for more scholarly attention,
In spite of the demonstration of how much valuable this capability is for the firm, it has not been explained in which ways this capability can contribute in the achievement of a competitive advantage (Hsu & Ziedonis, 2013).
To achieve this goal, this dissertation is structured in 3 Chapters.
The first one is entitled “Don’t Forget of Lawyers: Legal Counsel as a Source of Competitive advantage” and aims to highlight the role of lawyers as a source of competitive advantage taking a resource-based view perspective (Barney, 1996).
Therefore, in order to map the effective contributions of lawyers aimed in generating higher revenues (through the exploitation of advantageous contractual terms) or in reducing net costs and the so-called legal hazards, a co-word analysis has been run.
The purpose of this chapter is to detect the main activities of the firm’s value chain where lawyers actually provide a concrete and positive contribution. The results show that these activities are stronger concerning IP Management, Personnel relationships and interpersonal and inter-organizational relations.
The following chapters are aimed to provide demonstrations of effective potential applications of the wise application of law pursued to create revenues and to reduce costs. Both of them are deeply focused on Intellectual Property (IP) Management.
Chapter II, entitled “Patent Designing Strategy: some empirical evidence on EP Patents” concerns how the “optimal patent” should be designed in order to reduce the risk of being involved in a patent infringement litigation and to increase its value.
To define “patent value” we use Harhoff, Scherer and Vopel (2003) concept which includes all benefits that a patent holder might perceive from application.
Previous studies, in fact, have depicted some possible strategies (Somaya, 2012) that may be pursued after the application phase: this paper, instead, provides some useful insights for practitioners in order to realize the patent that represents the best compromise between the trade-off given by the necessity of achieving the highest value and, on the contrary, the willingness of occurring in the lowest possible number of infringement litigations.
The main assumption that stands behind this paper is that patent infringement litigation costs are very costly and for most of the firms they are prohibitive: consequently, a lawsuit represents an event that must be avoided.
To do so, firms can resolve the potential conflicts through the so called ADR (alternative dispute resolution) tools or as it is addressed in this paper, taking some precautions in order to reduce at most the risk of being involved in a litigation.
This study has been undertaken by considering the endogenous characteristics of patents. Law expertise in Intellectual Property Rights may contribute in the so-called IP value chain (Reitzig & Puranam, 2009) and, consequently, in the value creation activities.
In this case, legal expertise contributes in reducing the risk of being involved in a costly infringement litigation and, consequently, in avoiding economic losses for the firm.
Chapter III, entitled “Forum Shopping as an IP Management Capability: Some empirical evidence from European Firms” provides an example of offensive strategy to be pursued in patent infringement litigations.
This under-explored theme is developed by taking a managerial perspective.
First of all it is necessary to clarify what forum shopping is: in particular, for the aim of this paper, it represents an unfair but perfectly legal exploitation of jurisdiction and venue rules to affect the outcome of a lawsuit. In deed, even if patents are almost ruled by international treaties (such as for example Patent Cooperation Treaty– PCT – and European Patent Convention – EPC), all the procedural aspects concerning infringement are still regulated by national legislations, such that differences in the potential lawsuit’s outcome are possible.
Within the general category of IP management capabilities, forum shopping represents a specific aspect concerning the firms’ ability to use legal astuteness to enhance the enforceability of property rights and, eventually, to improve the appropriability of innovative activities, by conferring to firms major possibilities in profiting from innovations.
In this paper, forum shopping has been presented as an iconic representation of legal astuteness and as a dynamic capability since the continuously changing environment in which firms seem to be leveraged against competitors.
Overall, the three papers intends to highlight the crucial role of legal capabilities in IP management and how firms may leverage some gaps and uncertainties in the global IP legal framework. The thesis provides both theoretical and practical contributions.
Future research on these issues has the potential to pave new avenues for achieving anenhanced understanding of how relevant legal capabilities are and how firms may create and nurture them over time, by leveraging synergies among internal and external sources of competitive advantage.