Relevant bibliographies by topics / Enforcement

Academic literature on the topic 'Enforcement'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Enforcement"

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Morais, Ana Isabel, and Inês Pinto. "Does the Level of Enforcement Shape the Complexity in Accounting Standards?" International Journal of Financial Studies 11, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11010034.

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This paper examines whether the level of enforcement shapes the complexity in accounting standards. First, in order to identify the level of complexity in accounting standards, we calculated a new measure that conceptualizes accounting complexity based on the theoretical dimensions of multiplicity and diversity. To calculate this new measure, the content of each International Financial Reporting Standard and International Accounting Standard, in 2018, was analyzed. Second, we investigated whether the level of enforcement affects this score, using the number of enforcements published by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). Our results show that accounting standards with a higher number of enforcements by ESMA are also more complex, suggesting that enforcement is an important factor that explains the level of complexity of an accounting standard. This study is particularly relevant for regulators in the accounting, auditing, and enforcement fields, since it provides evidence of how enforcement contributes to increasing the level of complexity of accounting standards. This study contributes to the debate on the interdependence of enforcement and accounting regulation, showing that enforcement mechanisms can influence accounting standards. This study also calculates a new measure of complexity in accounting standards, rather than using a quantitative proxy.
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Kraft, Ned. "Enforcement." College & Undergraduate Libraries 11, no. 2 (December 21, 2004): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j106v11n02_05.

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Holdstock, Douglas. "‘Enforcement’." Medicine and War 11, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07488009508409191.

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Rezapour, Mahdi, Er Yue, and Khaled Ksaibati. "Integrating GIS and statistical approaches to enhance allocation of highway patrol resources." International Journal of Police Science & Management 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355719888939.

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Large truck crashes undermine the contribution of trucks to the U.S. economy due to the economic costs of the crashes. Wyoming has the highest truck crash rate and the lowest budget contribution for traffic enforcement in the USA. Because of the state’s intensive truck corridors, the Wyoming Highway Patrol (WHP) might not be able to use their resources efficiently. Previous studies have indicated that WHP performed better when they allocate their resources efficiently at the right locations and towards the right enforcements. This study used 4-year historical crash and enforcement data along Interstate 80 (I-80), which has the highest truck-related crash rate in Wyoming. Crash data were filtered to include truck crashes only. However, both truck and no-truck enforcements were included in the data because both could be at fault in truck crashes. This study used two approaches to help state policy-makers improve traffic safety on I-80. First, a statistical method was used to identify geometric variables contributing to allocated enforcement and truck crashes. Second, truck crashes and related enforcements were visually assessed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping. Crash data were disaggregated into the main driver actions of no improper driving, following too closely, improper lane change and driving too fast for the conditions. These driver actions accounted for more than 70% of all truck crashes on I-80. Related enforcements were also identified and disaggregated by driver actions. Disaggregated enforcements and crashes were visualized along the I-80 corridor using GIS maps to see if WHP allocated their resources efficiently. Cluster index, enforcement spatial coverage and mean density are some of the parameters used for the analyses. This study aimed to contribute to research on police effectiveness in reducing truck crashes, police innovation and the use of GIS applications in enforcement. This methodology can be used by other agencies to better allocate resources to improve traffic safety in most efficient ways.
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Reckdenwald, Amy, Ketty Fernandez, and Chelsea L. Mandes. "Improving law enforcement’s response to non-fatal strangulation." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 6 (November 21, 2019): 1007–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-12-2018-0186.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a coordinated effort to improve the law enforcement response to non-fatal strangulation in the context of domestic violence. Design/methodology/approach The authors compare law enforcement identification and documentation of strangulation in domestic violence cases before and after the implementation of a strangulation-specific training program in one Central Florida County. Findings The results indicate preliminary support for the effectiveness of training law enforcement, suggesting that the response to strangulation can be improved with comprehensive law enforcement training. Practical implications An improved response by law enforcement may have the potential to increase offender accountability of non-fatal strangulation – a potentially deadly assault. Originality/value The study is the first to evaluate strangulation-specific training efforts of law enforcement. Results point to opportunities that can be taken to improve law enforcement’s response to non-fatal strangulation in domestic violence.
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Osmonbekov, Talai, Brian Gregory, Christian Chelariu, and Wesley J. Johnston. "The impact of social and contractual enforcement on reseller performance: the mediating role of coordination and inequity during adoption of a new technology." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, no. 6 (July 4, 2016): 808–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2014-0260.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social and contractual enforcement on the performance of business-to-business relationship. The research also tests the mediating role of perceived inequity and coordination. Design/methodology/approach A survey methodology was used to obtain responses from 224 decision-makers at reseller organizations. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings It was found that both social and contractual enforcement impact relationship performance. Perceived inequity and coordination are important moderators of those relationships, as social enforcement increases coordination and reduces perceived inequity, while contractual enforcement increases perceived inequity. Originality/value While previous studies examined enforcement impact on coordination and conflict, this study links it to relationship performance. Importantly, enforcement’s relationship with perceived inequity is also examined in the context of B2B relationship.
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Acemoglu, Daron, and Alexander Wolitzky. "Sustaining Cooperation: Community Enforcement versus Specialized Enforcement." Journal of the European Economic Association 18, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 1078–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz008.

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Abstract We introduce the possibility of coercive punishment by specialized enforcers into a model of community enforcement. We assume that, just as regular agents need to be given incentives to cooperate with each other, specialized enforcers need to be given incentives to carry out costly punishments. We fully characterize optimal equilibria in the model. When the specialized enforcement technology is sufficiently effective, cooperation is best sustained by a “one-time enforcer punishment equilibrium”, where any deviation by a regular agent is punished only once, and only by enforcers. In contrast, enforcers themselves are disciplined (at least in part) by community enforcement. The reason why there is no community enforcement following deviations by regular agents is that such a response, by reducing future cooperation, would decrease the amount of punishment that enforcers are willing to impose on deviators. Conversely, when the specialized enforcement technology is less effective, optimal equilibria involve a mix of specialized enforcement and community enforcement (which might take the form of “ostracism”). Our results hold both under perfect monitoring of actions and under various types of private monitoring.
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Assunção, Juliano, Clarissa Gandour, and Romero Rocha. "DETER-ing Deforestation in the Amazon: Environmental Monitoring and Law Enforcement." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20200196.

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We study Brazil's recent use of satellite technology to overcome law enforcement shortcomings resulting from weak institutional environments. DETER is a system that processes satellite imagery and issues near-real-time deforestation alerts to target environmental enforcement in the Amazon. We propose a novel instrumental variable approach for estimating enforcement's impact on deforestation. Clouds limiting DETER's capacity to detect clearings serve as a source of exogenous variation for the presence of environmental authorities. Findings indicate that monitoring and enforcement effectively curb deforestation. Results hold across several robustness checks. (JEL K32, K42, O13, Q23, Q28, Q54, Q58)
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Blanc, Florentin, and Michael Faure. "Smart Enforcement." European Journal of Law Reform 20, no. 4 (October 2018): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/ejlr/138723702018020004004.

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Mendoza. "Enforcement Matters:." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 29, no. 1 (2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.29.1.0073.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enforcement"

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Garside, Ludivine. "Discretion in public enforcement : evidence from UK competition enforcement, 1970-2003." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573395.

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Applied to public enforcement, the concern for value for money in the public sector makes discretionary decision-making a target for reform. UK competition policy has already been reformed in favour of a more prohibitive legal regime. I isolate some discretionary features in the previous competition regime, and examine their consequences on decisions. Extant empirical competition studies rely on case-level analysis. To deepen the analysis, I disaggregate enforcement data at company level, on abuse of dominance cases published by the UK national competition authority, between 1970 and 2003. Econometric analysis confirms that decisions still depend on the economic facts of the case. Additionally, decisions are shown not to be neutral to the investigation process itself, but actually to depend on the specific assortments and hierarchy amongst investi- gators. Extensive experience of chairing investigations makes case chairmen tougher: the more experienced the case chairman, the more likely an adverse finding against a company. The strength of the discretionary power of the case chairman does not, how- ever, destroy all the potential benefits of the more onerous method of making decisions in a panel. Panel members unaccustomed to a given case chairman exert a calming effect on an experienced case chairman's tendency towards more adverse findings, which can be interpreted as a sign of effective information aggregation. The controversial use of profitability analysis in competition deci- sions affects only decisions where the abuses investigated directly involve excessive pricing. Furthermore, companies alleged to have engaged in infringements where economic theory recommends more active intervention, respond to de facto incentives to change their behaviour as the investigation starts: reported profitability levels exhibit a marked reduction in the financial years during the inves- tigation, compared to the pre-investigation years. Within-tenure experience, the use of profitability, and collegiality effectively in- jected more discretion into public enforcement decisions.
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Christian, Philip C. "Sales Tax Enforcement: An Empirical Analysis of Compliance Enforcement Methodologies and Pathologies." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/335.

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Most research on tax evasion has focused on the income tax. Sales tax evasion has been largely ignored and dismissed as immaterial. This paper explored the differences between income tax and sales tax evasion and demonstrated that sales tax enforcement is deserving of and requires the use of different tools to achieve compliance. Specifically, the major enforcement problem with sales tax is not evasion: it is theft perpetrated by companies that act as collection agents for the state. Companies engage in a principal-agent relationship with the state and many retain funds collected as an agent of the state for private use. As such, the act of sales tax theft bears more resemblance to embezzlement than to income tax evasion. It has long been assumed that the sales tax is nearly evasion free, and state revenue departments report voluntary compliance in a manner that perpetuates this myth. Current sales tax compliance enforcement methodologies are similar in form to income tax compliance enforcement methodologies and are based largely on trust. The primary focus is on delinquent filers with a very small percentage of businesses subject to audit. As a result, there is a very large group of noncompliant businesses who file on time and fly below the radar while stealing millions of taxpayer dollars. The author utilized a variety of statistical methods with actual field data derived from operations of the Southern Region Criminal Investigations Unit of the Florida Department of Revenue to evaluate current and proposed sales tax compliance enforcement methodologies in a quasi-experimental, time series research design and to set forth a typology of sales tax evaders. This study showed that current estimates of voluntary compliance in sales tax systems are seriously and significantly overstated and that current enforcement methodologies are inadequate to identify the majority of violators and enforce compliance. Sales tax evasion is modeled using the theory of planned behavior and Cressey’s fraud triangle and it is demonstrated that proactive enforcement activities, characterized by substantial contact with non-delinquent taxpayers, results in superior ability to identify noncompliance and provides a structure through which noncompliant businesses can be rehabilitated.
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Hendricks, Ebrahiem. "Towards Good Corporate Governance in South Africa: Private Enforcement versus Public Enforcement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4631.

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For the past six and half years a great deal of attention has been devoted to the reform of South African company law. The reform process commenced in September 2003, when the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) initiated a reform programme that included a review of existing securities regulation and, of corporate structures and practices in the area of corporate governance. Subsequently, in March 2004 (and updated in June 2004) the DTI published a policy document on corporate law reform entitled 'South African Company Law for the 21st Century: Guidelines for Corporate Law Reform'. This policy paper explained that company law in South Africa would be reviewed and modernised. The objectives of the reform process were to align it with international trends and to accommodate the economic and legislative changes that have taken place in South Africa since the advent of democracy in 1994. The policy paper also explained that this reform process would occur in two stages. Firstly, urgent interim changes would be brought by the Corporate Law Amendment Act No 24 of 2006. The Act provided for, amongst others, assistance to acquire shares and greater protection of minority shareholders in respect of takeovers .The Act came into effect on 14 December 2007. Secondly, the new Companies Act will repeal and replace the entire Companies Act No 61 of 1973, when it becomes operational.
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Talhi, Chamseddine. "Memory-Constrained Security Enforcement." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24434/24434.pdf.

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Baldock, Emily. "Rules of non-enforcement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418838.

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Kern, Bianca. "Cooperation and norm enforcement." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-176962.

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V, Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. "Verkehrsregelakzeptanz und Enforcement: Forschungsbericht." Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V, 2011. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74638.

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Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit dem Grad der Befolgung und der Akzeptanz geltender Verkehrsregeln bei motorisierten Verkehrsteilnehmern in Deutschland. Weiterhin wurden Beziehungen zwischen dem Grad der Befolgung und zugrundeliegenden Variablen, wie informellen Normen, instrumentellen Erwartungen sowie Risikowahrnehmungen, untersucht. Die Prüfung erfolgte dabei für drei Verhaltensbereiche: innerstädtische Geschwindigkeitsübertretungen, Rotlichtmissachtungen und Fahren unter relativer Fahruntüchtigkeit (Alkoholfahrten). Mittels eines standardisierten, Szenario-basierten Interviews wurde eine repräsentative telefonische Befragung deutscher Kraftfahrer durchgeführt. Befragt wurden 1.009 Kraftfahrzeugführer im Alter zwischen 16 bis 88 Jahren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es sich bei Geschwindigkeitsübertretungen und Rotlichtmissachtungen um weit verbreitetes Fehlverhalten handelt. Andererseits äußert der Großteil der Verkehrsteilnehmer eine zustimmende Einstellung zu den geltenden Bestimmungen. Eine Vielzahl von Verkehrsteilnehmern missachtet damit diese Verkehrsregeln, obwohl sie den Regeln gegenüber grundsätzlich positiv eingestellt sind. Als erklärungsstarke Prädiktoren zur Vorhersage der berichteten Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Regelübertretung erwiesen sich Gewohnheiten, informelle Normen, insbesondere die personale Norm, der Einfluss ungünstiger situativer Bedingungen in Verbindung mit Kontrollüberzeugungen sowie die Risikowahrnehmung. Instrumentelle Erwartungen, die durch Verkehrsüberwachung vermittelt werden, spielten hingegen für die berichtete Übertretungswahrscheinlichkeit bei Geschwindigkeitsdelikten und Rotlichtmissachtungen nur eine nachgeordnete Rolle. Gleichzeitig wurde festgestellt, dass insbesondere die empfundene Strafhärte bei Geschwindigkeitsübertretungen in einem unteren Übertretungsbereich von Verkehrsteilnehmern als gering empfunden wird. Im Bereich Fahren bei relativer Fahruntüchtigkeit zeigt sich im Vergleich zu den beiden anderen Deliktbereichen ein anderes Bild. Nur ein sehr geringer Teil der Verkehrsteilnehmer berichtet über eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit, sich trotz unzulässigen Alkoholkonsums noch hinter das Steuer zu setzen. Weiterhin verweisen die Ergebnisse auf stark ausgeprägte informelle Normen, die einer alkoholisierten Teilnahme am Straßenverkehr entgegenstehen. Befragt nach der Einstellung zur geltenden Regelung spricht sich die Mehrheit der Verkehrsteilnehmer für eine Verringerung der zulässigen Promillegrenze aus. Insbesondere die wahrgenommene Kontrolle über eigenes Verhalten, gerade auch in kritischen Situationen, sowie Gewohnheiten zeigten sich bei der Vorhersage der berichteten Verhaltenswahrscheinlichkeit besonders erklärungsstark. Außerdem konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der subjektiven Sanktionswahrscheinlichkeit und der berichteten Übertretungswahrscheinlichkeit nachgewiesen werden. Basierend auf den empirischen Befunden dieser Studie werden Ansätze zur Steigerung der Regelbefolgung in allen drei Deliktbereichen aus verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Perspektive diskutiert. Dabei wird unter anderem auf Ansätze in der Verkehrsinfrastruktur und Straßengestaltung, der Bildung von Normen sowie auf die Möglichkeiten der Verhaltenslenkung durch Überwachungsmaßnahmen eingegangen.
The present study deals with road users’ acceptance of existing traffic regulations in Germany and their degree of compliance. Furthermore, we investigated relations between the degree of compliance and underlying variables, such as informal norms, instrumental expectations as well as risk perception. Thereby, we focused on three areas of delinquent traffic behavior: speeding, red light running and driving while intoxicated. Standardized, scenario-based interviews were conducted during a representative telephone survey. A total of 1009 German drivers at the age between 16- 88 years were interviewed within this survey. The results show that violations against speed limits and red light running are widespread traffic offenses. On the other hand, the majority expressed their approval towards the existing traffic regulations. Road users obviously violate traffic regulations, although they have generally positive attitudes towards those codified rules. However, analyses identified habits, informal norm, especially personal norms, the influence of unfavorable, situational conditions in conjunction with control beliefs and risk perception as powerful variables to predict the stated likelihood of speed violations and red light running. Instrumental expectations, which are mediated by traffic enforcement, however, hold only a secondary role for the reported likelihood of speed and red light offenses. At the same time, it was found that the perceived harshness of fines, particularly for exceeding the speed limits (by 11-15 km/h), is low. Concerning driving while intoxicated, the results reflect a different picture compared to the other two offenses. Only a very small percentage of road users reported an increased probability to drive despite an illegal consumption of alcohol. Furthermore, the results point to strong informal norms which clearly express driving while intoxicated as an unacceptable behavior. Asked about attitudes towards the legal tolerance of alcohol while driving, the majority stated their preferences for a reduction of the current tolerance threshold (up to “zero-tolerance”). In particular, the perceived behavioral control, especially in critical situation, and habits were found as the most powerful predictors explaining the reported likelihood of drive while intoxicated. In addition, a significant correlation between perceived likelihood of sanctions and the reported likelihood of drive while intoxicated has been shown. Based on the empirical findings of this study, approaches for increasing the rule compliance are discussed from a behavioral point of view. This includes options to improve transport infrastructure and road design, development of norms, as well as the potential of enforcement measures.
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Kan, Kwok-chee Joshua, and 簡國治. "Planning enforcement in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574432.

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LICHAND, GUILHERME FINKELFARB. "COURTS, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16534@1.

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Uma extensa literatura explora o papel de indivisibilidades como determinantes de escolha ocupacional e empreendedorismo. Na verdade, tais imperfeições de mercado são em última instância função dos limites à executabilidade de contratos na economia. Nesse artigo, incorporamos explicitamente a operação das cortes e o ambiente contratual em um modelo de escolha ocupacional e empreendedorismo. Nosso modelo mostra que diferentes ambientes contratuais estão associados a diferentes ineficiências nas decisões ocupacional e de investimento. Algumas dessas ineficiência são idênticas àquelas destacadas pela literatura, enquanto outras são de natureza diferente. As previsões da teoria sobre o efeito de executabilidade de contratos sobre empreendedorismo e investimento são então levadas aos dados utilizando-se da mudança institucional representada pela criação dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis nos municípios brasileiros a partir de meados da década de 1990.
An extensive literature has explored the role of indivisibilities as determinants of occupational choice and entrepreneurship. In reality, such market imperfections are ultimately function of the limits to contract enforcement in the economy. In this paper, we explicitly incorporate the operation of courts and the contract environment in a model of occupational choice and entrepreneurship. Our model shows that different contractual settings are related to different inefficiencies in occupational and investment choices. Some of these inefficiencies are identical to those highlighted in the literature, while others are different in nature. Theory’s predictions concerning the effects of contract enforcement on entrepreneurship and investment are then taken to the data by exploring the institutional change represented by the creation of Special Civil Tribunals in Brazilian municipalities from mid-1990’s on.
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Angelucci, M. "Border enforcement, aid and migration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444495/.

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This thesis addresses the issue of policy effects on domestic and international migration, considering in particular the case of Mexican migration. The first essay investigates the effect of U.S. border enforcement on the net flow of Mexican undocumented migration. Such effect is theoretically ambiguous, given that increases in border controls deter prospective migrants from cross ing the border illegally, but lengthen the U.S. permanence of current ones. It estimates border enforcement's net impact on migration inflow using a sample of potential and current illegal migrants. U.S. border enforcement significantly reduces the net flow of undocumented migration. However, the reduction in net flow is more than half the size of the decrease in inflow. The second essay models the short and medium-run impact of aid on migration, considering alternatively the effect of unconditional and conditional cash transfers to financially constrained households. Data from the evaluation of a Mexican development program, Progresa, are used to estimate the effect of the grant on migration. The empirical analysis shows that the program is associated with an increase in international migration, which is also a positive function of the potential transfer size. Conditional grants in the form of secondary school subsidies reduce the short-term migration probability. Progresa does not seem to increase medium-term migration. The final chapter reviews the approaches employed to estimate Treatment on the Treated Effects (TTEs) using experimental data in the presence of non-compliers. It discusses the types of parameters that can be identified using the Progresa data. It uncovers new parameters that have not been estimated so far, based on the fact that a group of eligible households did not receive the program transfer in the initial stages of its implementation. It proposes alternative estimating procedures to identify counterfactuals in the presence of non-compliers for users of the Progresa data. It complements the theoretical part with an empirical application by estimating the effect of Progresa on school enrolment.
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Books on the topic "Enforcement"

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U.S. Customs Service. Office of Enforcement. Office of Enforcement: Enforcement training. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Customs Service, 1992.

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U.S. Customs Service. Office of Enforcement. Office of Enforcement: Enforcement training. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Customs Service, 1992.

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U.S. Customs Service. Office of Enforcement. Office of Enforcement: Enforcement training. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Customs Service, 1992.

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Great Britain. Office of Fair Trading. Enforcement. London: Great Britain, Office of Fair Trading, 1999.

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Kelly, Diane. Paw enforcement. New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2014.

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Authority, Victoria Environment Protection, ed. Enforcement policy. Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Environment Protection Authority, 1993.

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Kit, Jarvis, Payne Sarah, and Field Fisher Waterhouse (Firm), eds. Commercial enforcement. 2nd ed. [London]: Field Fisher Waterhouse, 2008.

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Commission, Oregon Liquor Control, ed. Balancing enforcement. Portland, OR: Oregon Liquor Control Commission, 2002.

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Office, Massachusetts Attorney General's. Environmental enforcement. Boston, MA: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Office of the Attorney General, 1992.

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Commercial enforcement. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Tottel Publishing, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Enforcement"

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Hosein, Adam. "Enforcement." In The Ethics of Migration, 58–80. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: The ethics of...: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429029455-5.

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Waters, Ben. "Enforcement." In Essential Dispute Resolution for SQE1, 205–18. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003218500-23.

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Roberts, Kevin. "Enforcement." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_112-1.

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Lodge, Martin, and Kai Wegrich. "Enforcement." In Managing Regulation, 71–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26552-4_5.

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Enforcement." In World Trade Regulation, 279–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_11.

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Weik, Martin H. "enforcement." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 523. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6252.

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Roberts, Kevin. "Enforcement." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 3715–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_112.

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Juárez Allende, Héctor Hugo. "Enforcement." In Law for Professionals, 151–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85296-2_9.

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Herrmann, Christoph, and Patricia Trapp. "Enforcement." In SpringerBriefs in Law, 75–81. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25330-0_3.

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Zhang, Chenyang. "Enforcement." In Win in Chinese Courts, 149–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3342-6_10.

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AbstractIn China, if the losing party does not take the initiative to satisfy an effective court judgment, arbitral award and other legal documents, the winning party may apply to the court for enforcement. Then the court may deduct the deposit and/or auction the property of the losing party and use the money/proceeds obtained therefrom to repay the winning party. However, this enforcement power is exclusively vested in the court, and the winning party cannot seize and/or dispose of the property of the losing party on its own. Due to the large number of enforcement cases, the difficulty in tracking down enforceable property and the insufficient punishment against dishonest judgment debtors, China has been plagued by the “difficulty in enforcement” for a long time. In China, the main reason for the “difficulty in enforcement” is that it is difficult to track down the enforceable property of the party subject to enforcement. In order to resolve this problem, Chinese courts have vigorously promoted the information system interconnection between different government departments, which has greatly improved the efficiency of tracking down and/or freezing the property of the party subject to enforcement through the information network system. Another reason for the “difficulty in enforcement” is that it is difficult to sell off non-cash properties. Chinese courts have carried out judicial auctions through the Internet, which has greatly improved the deal closing rate and increased the transaction price of the property auctioned, and greatly improved the possibility of the applicant being compensated. Other than the above approaches, Chinese courts may also impose various restrictions and punishments on dishonest judgment debtors. There are various restrictions and punishments and the implementation thereof depends on the interconnection of different information network systems. If the circumstances in which the party subject to enforcement evades or resists enforcement are serious, the Chinese court may also hold it criminally responsible. In addition, being a contracting state to the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (hereinafter referred to as the “New York Convention”), China has been holding a quite friendly attitude towards the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. In practice, most foreign arbitral awards can be recognized and enforced in China. Compared with the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, there are more requirements and preconditions for the recognition and enforcement of foreign court judgments. Nevertheless, China is now relaxing these requirements and preconditions, and more and more foreign court judgments are being recognized and enforced. With continuous efforts of relevant departments, the enforcement conducted by Chinese courts is getting increasingly effective. We firmly believe that Chinese courts can further improve the enforcement effectiveness as day goes by.
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Conference papers on the topic "Enforcement"

1

Craig, Jacquelin. "Enforcement strategies." In the 23rd annual ACM SIGUCCS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/219894.223006.

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Esper, Khalil, Stefan Wildermann, and Jürgen Teich. "Enforcement FSMs." In MEMOCODE '21: 19th ACM-IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for System Design. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3487212.3487348.

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Merson, Paulo. "Ultimate architecture enforcement." In the 2013 companion publication for conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508075.2508433.

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Porat, Ehood, Shmuel Tikochinski, and Ariel Stulman. "Authorization Enforcement Detection." In SACMAT'17: The 22nd ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3078861.3084172.

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Abdelraoof, Ahmed, Mohamed Azab, and Igor Stoppa. "Write-protection enforcement." In SAC '20: The 35th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341105.3373919.

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Pinisetty, Srinivas, Viorel Preoteasa, Stavros Tripakis, Thierry Jéron, Yliès Falcone, and Hervé Marchand. "Predictive runtime enforcement." In SAC 2016: Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2851613.2851827.

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K, Manjula A., Nirmila M, Sourabh V. N, Shreyas Chaudhary, and Deepesh Kumar. "Law Enforcement Companion." In 2022 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartgencon56628.2022.10083546.

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Baliosian, Javier, and Ann Devitt. "Forecasting Unstable Policy Enforcement." In 2006 International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsnc.2006.40.

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LaCoss, Jeff, John Granacki, and Jack Wills. "ISI law enforcement research." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by A. Trent DePersia and John J. Pennella. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.335000.

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Chen, Hsinchun, Chuck Violette, Homa Atabakhsh, Chunju Tseng, Byron Marshall, Siddharth Kaza, Shauna Eggers, Hemanth Gowda, Ankit Shah, and Tim Petersen. "Visualization in law enforcement." In CHI '05 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1056893.

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Reports on the topic "Enforcement"

1

Acemoglu, Daron, and Alexander Wolitzky. Sustaining Cooperation: Community Enforcement vs. Specialized Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21457.

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Irvine, Cynthia E. Security Policy Enforcement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada605488.

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Anderson, James, and Leslie Young. Imperfect Contract Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8847.

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Slemrod, Joel. Tax Compliance and Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24799.

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Scotchmer, Suzanne, and Joel Slemrod. Randomness in Tax Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2512.

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Falk, Armin, David Huffman, and W. Bentley MacLeod. Institutions and Contract Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13961.

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Grittner, Amanda M., and Matthew S. Johnson. When Labor Enforcement and Immigration Enforcement Collide: Deterring Worker Complaints Worsens Workplace Safety. W.E. Upjohn Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp21-353.

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Troiano, Ugo. Intergovernmental Cooperation and Tax Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24153.

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Schonenberg, Lee W. Joint Economic Sanctions Enforcement Planning. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370669.

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Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell. Corruption and Optimal Law Enforcement. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6945.

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