Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enfants – Nature'
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Brossard, Sylvie. "Rites et lieux de l'enfance, reconstruire l'idée de nature : éléments pour une pensée sauvage de l'architecture et des paysages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20023.
Full textThis thesis stems from the genesis at child age of the idea of Nature, a process that induces policies for land settlement, for space planning, or for the protection of nature. The first part accounts for the cultural dimension of the idea of nature, building upon a history of how nature has been taught about at school, the work of nature anthropologists, and a history of how landscape has been taken into consideration by town planning public research policies in France in the past 50 years. The conclusion of this part identifies the social demand for nature. The second part traces the genesis of the idea of nature in the child, who is totemist at his birth, then naturalist as soon as he feels himself loved, then animist when he thinks the world as finalized for the satisfaction of his needs. This part underlines the importance of education and living environment in the process of transformation of child’s naturalism into a less finalized representation of the idea of nature, and suggests it is of interest to accompany the affective foundation of the child’s representation of the world by a concrete and sensory practical experience. In the third and conclusive part, we invite the designers to walk down the path of living a wild idea of architecture and landscape planning and share it with their beneficiaries, in order to contribute to the necessary rebuilding of an idea of nature being territory-aware, concrete, and affect-responsible. This perspective is rendered by the proposal of setting up a National Landscape Plan aiming at building the landscape culture on new foundations, in particular for aesthetics
Defoort, Camille. "Le mineur et les infractions de nature sexuelle." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20017.
Full textBrossard, Sylvie. "Rites et lieux de l'enfance, reconstruire l'idée de nature : éléments pour une pensée sauvage de l'architecture et des paysages." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20023.
Full textThis thesis stems from the genesis at child age of the idea of Nature, a process that induces policies for land settlement, for space planning, or for the protection of nature. The first part accounts for the cultural dimension of the idea of nature, building upon a history of how nature has been taught about at school, the work of nature anthropologists, and a history of how landscape has been taken into consideration by town planning public research policies in France in the past 50 years. The conclusion of this part identifies the social demand for nature. The second part traces the genesis of the idea of nature in the child, who is totemist at his birth, then naturalist as soon as he feels himself loved, then animist when he thinks the world as finalized for the satisfaction of his needs. This part underlines the importance of education and living environment in the process of transformation of child’s naturalism into a less finalized representation of the idea of nature, and suggests it is of interest to accompany the affective foundation of the child’s representation of the world by a concrete and sensory practical experience. In the third and conclusive part, we invite the designers to walk down the path of living a wild idea of architecture and landscape planning and share it with their beneficiaries, in order to contribute to the necessary rebuilding of an idea of nature being territory-aware, concrete, and affect-responsible. This perspective is rendered by the proposal of setting up a National Landscape Plan aiming at building the landscape culture on new foundations, in particular for aesthetics
Lecharpentier, Coralie Baumard Jean. "Comment évaluer l'orthographe ? étude de l'influence de la nature de la tâche sur les résultats en orthographe d'enfants d'âge scolaire /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=58906.
Full textMarpeau, Jacques. "L'éducatif : nature, professionnalité et enjeux dans le champ d'exercice des éducateurs spécialisés." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081360.
Full textSpecialized education develops outside of the normal educational structures, with child, adolescent and adult populations, immersed in multiple difficulties. The study of specialized educators diplomas reveals the existence of both repetitions and the reproduction of + relative positions ; between the different partners as well as the capacity to play with the multiple, possible, + relative positions ;. The analysis of professional discourse at the heart of the educational team of a service d'acceuil d'urgence (urgent protection center) shows that the persons accompanied, are held by processes of captation linked to paradoxical systems of emotional ties and identification. The analysis reveals the general question of what is education in terms of the process of human development, within the conflictuality of these different ties. This thesis designates education as a process of authorization based on the exercise of individual liberty by the subjects so as to develop as human beings. Freedom is understood as the recognition of the multiple possibities available to a subject, and, at the same time the inevitable exercise of choice, which supposes accepting limits and engaging responsability. Exercizing calls forth from the subject, a constant disengagement from the surrounding determinisms. Education consists, then, in the practice of the subject with themself, with the unknown, with others, and with the reality of their environnement. Education manifests itself as a process of authorization that allows a subject to leave the captations of which they are the object. And so the subjects can become the authors of their mode of being and of their projects, beginning with their own life story, that is their own realities, emotional, relational, familial and social
Lévesque-Desrosiers, Camille. "Soutien des comportements prosociaux des enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans par leur éducatrice en contexte d'éducation par la nature." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67571.
Full textGarnier, Cécilia. "Analyse de scènes auditives complexes environnementales chez des enfants, des musiciens et des autistes." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOA002.
Full textAttention has three components : selective attention, sustained attention and divided attention. It’s an abundantly studied field in psychology but mainly in the visual modality. The main goal of our work is to test the auditory attentional capacities and more precisely selective attention and divided attention. We used detection task, counting task and comparison task (simple and multiple choice). In these tasks we presented to subjects complex sequences contained two up to six environmental sounds. According to theory participants have increasing capacities : children, adults, musicians and adult with autism. Results in selective attention show correct performances for most part of tested populations. No subjects even if they have poorer results respond by chance. Regarding divided attention studies show similar patterns : a rapid decrease from sequences of two sounds. Moreover we demonstrate the existence of an attentional limit 4 +- 1 sounds. This one is flexible depend on factors. If principally endures inhibitions and a few facilitations. An exploratory study performed with autists can adduce extra elements to understand the attentional limit
Lassus-Sangosse, Delphine. "Nature et spécificité des troubles de l'empan visuo-attentionnel dans les dyslexies développementales." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29033.
Full textThe visual attention (VA) span is defined as the amount of distinct visual elements which can be processed simultaneously in a multi element array. Estimated using whole and partial report tasks, VA span abilities contribute significantly to reading performance, independently of the phonological skills. Moreover, VA span disorder could explain developmental dyslexia, independently of the phonological deficit. The work reported here was aimed at investigating the properties of the VA span in dyslexics and normal readers on the one hand, and the VA span nature and specificity in dyslexic readers on the other hand. In the first set of studies, we wanted to determine whether the VA span disorder could be generalized to others stimuli than letters, like digits, colours or objects. In normal readers, results show that processing is different for colors and objects stimuli in comparison to letters and digits stimuli and that the latter ones are specifically related to reading. Furthermore, we underline that dyslexic children present a VA span disorder specific to letters and digits stimuli. The aim of the second set of studies was to demonstrate that the global report task first of ail reflects the VA span capacities. Although the global report task involves diverse cognitive components such as iconic memory and rehearsal activity, we demonstrate that the deficit presented by dyslexic children in the global report task mainly reflects a VA span disorder. The third set of studies concerned the nature of the visual attention processing (simultaneous vs. Sequential) impaired in developmental dyslexia. Our results suggest that the simultaneous dimension is a key dimension in the visual attention span notion and is specifically damaged in developmental dyslexia. Finally, in the last set of works, we studied the effects of spatial modifications of letter-strings (spacing and orientation) on the VA span abilities. Although the visuo-spatial modifications influence the VA span abilities, we show that VA span abilities restrict the simultaneous processing and are essential in reading activity
Quimper, Hélène. "La peur enfantine en milieu rural : analyse diachronique de sa nature et de ses représentations." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28421.
Full textBurvingt, François. "Le geste et la musique : étude sur les fondements et la nature de leurs relations, incluant des essais de vérification pratique auprés d'enfants d'âge pré-scolaire." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25074.
Full textArt is a symbolic expression. Artistic physical activities are connected with music. Music is a product of imagination applied to the links between body and sound. This implies a psychological process of representation, meaning and evocation. Sense of music, physical and semiotic abilities build up together. Musical actions are therefore global in ontogenesis. Gestural reactions to music vary according to its contents. Musical and gestural patterns can include a similar scheme. The mental picture following gesture may help to perceive a scheme of musical movement. But the links between body and sound connote social and cultural facts. Each musical practice implies a gesture pattern and contemporary works refer expressly to gesture. The notion of a corporeal source for music fits into philosophical, historical and scientific debates. Semiotics helps to analyse references, interpretations and connections. But the aesthetic experience remains a personnal matter, a combination of emotion and reason. Education can favour the child's creativity. Linked together, music, plastic arts and gesture broaden our concept of physical education
Point, Mathieu. "Les enfants ayant un trouble envahissant du développement en contexte de services de garde inclusifs : la nature des interactions sociales lors des périodes de jeu libre." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7371/1/030620907.pdf.
Full textClements, Geneviève. "Les comportements sexuels des enfants de 2-12 ans victimes d'agression sexuelle ou non comparaison de la nature et de la fréquence des comportements selon l'âge et le sexe." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/643.
Full textGrandmaison, Éric. "Étude longitudinale du développement et de la nature des relations entre la sensibilité phonologique, la mémoire de travail, le traitement en entrée lexicale et la lecture chez des enfants en immersion française." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23726.pdf.
Full textChaillet, Valentine. "Les déterminants de la résolution de problèmes arithmétiques : Influence du caractère statique ou dynamique de l'énoncé sur le choix de la procédure et la nature des erreurs." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080035.
Full textThis thesis studies the arithmetic word problems dynamic or static nature influence on solving procedures, as well as on errors. 772 children from 4th and 5th grades solved complex problems of two different types, combination problems and change problems. Their specificity is they can be solved by two different procedures: the complementation procedure consisting in a step by step computation, and the matching procedure, consisting in the computation of the difference between homologous quantities. The first experiment results support the hypothesis that the combination problem static nature leads to a complementation procedure, whereas the change problem dynamic nature leads to a matching procedure. The second experiment results are consistent with the first experiment, in addition, they show that when children are asked to guess the question to a problem, they give their preference to a question related to the whole rather than to the part, especially for change problems. The errors extracted from the protocols enabled us to build a typology of errors. Protocols from pupils with learning difficulties and attending an adapted Junior High School class were studied, and their errors were classified in our typology. This study revealed that some types of errors occurred more often in one or the other type of problems. The results pointed out that the statement static or dynamic nature influences the solving procedures, either correct or erroneous
Bendahmane, Sabrina. "Le droit aux aliments de l'enfant naturel au XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020061.
Full textThis study aims to determine specificities of foodstuff right when applied to children born out of wedlock, in an area where the recognition of a child is strictly defined. In the 19th century, the illegitimate children, whose juridical status is lower than that of the legitimate children, are entitled to a number of rights on the condition that they’re recognized by their father and/or their mother. The Code Napoleon restrictively enumerates the recognition of illegitimate children and strictly forbids affiliation research. A lot of illegitimate children are not recognized, or don’t fulfil the mandatory conditions to draw up their family tie. To leave a child without resources is seen as a great injustice. Children born out of wedlock have the right to claim foodstuff, it’s of vital importance? Specificities of the foodstuff’s right applied to illegitimate children are stated by the case law and doctrine. Throughout the century, the bold interpretation of the law allows to grant foodstuff’s right to a larger number, even if this question raises important discussions, and generates uncertainties, to which the legislator puts an end only in 1912
Paris-Hardy, Axelle. "La tutelle des enfants naturels aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020104.
Full textYouf, Dominique. "Introduction a la philosophie des droits de l'enfant." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN1232.
Full textThe international convention for children's rights, which was ratified by france in 1990, has established legal rights for children. This assertion of children's judicial subjectivity presents a rupture with the classical philosophy of natural right which, as in aristotle's philosophy, denied children any ontological and judicial otherness by reducing them to "parts of the father's belongings". The contractual philosophy of modern natural right acknowledged individuals as free and equal and thus enabled, not only a conception of human rights but permetted a philosophy of children's rights as well. Indeed, as for any other human being, children were the holders of human rights as soon as they were born, but, as they were considered immature, they couldn't make use of these rights before receiving protection and an education, which are necessary elements for the future use of their subjective rights and which constitued children's rights. To a certain extent, the convention for children's rights has broken away from this philosophy. By setting up children as subjects, it rejects their temporality, their future and their autonomous "right to be" which constitute children's very nature that rousseau was the first to discover. This work studies the judiciary status given to children by the contractual philosophers and invites us to follow this difficult road towards the idea of children's rights. It also updates the doctrinal difficulties met by the practical achievement of children's rights on the xixth century. These difficulties have found solution in the rejection of the philosophy of subject. The goal is to evaluate the problems in order to exceed them and find again the inspiration for the contractual philosophy of children's rights
Belloir-Caux, Brigitte. "Le principe d'egalite des filiations en droit civil contemporain." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL20013.
Full textThe thesis consists of a comparison between the legal status of the legitimate and natural descendant. The first part definies the effect of the status from a personal and economic popint of view, and it transpires that the legitimate child benefits from a better status in all cases. The second part relates to a comparison between the two status as regards proof of filiations. After demonstrating that the modifications brought about by the laws of 3rd january 1972 and 25 th june 1982, fall short of brindging the gap between the two, the reforms necessary to achieve perfect equality are listed
Zidani, Farida. "L'enfant né hors mariage en Algérie /." Alger : EnAP, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613389q.
Full textTremp, Peter Bühler-Niederberger Doris. "Rousseaus "Emile" als Experiment der Natur und Wunder der Erziehung : ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Glorifizierung von Kindheit /." Opladen : Leske + Budrich, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37646622m.
Full textDiarra, Maïmouna. "Diarrhée aiguë à campylobacter chez des enfants vietnamiens, suivis de 0 à 24 mois, dans leur milieu naturel : incidence et immunité." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M108.
Full textFieyre, Marie-Lise. "Bâtards de princes : identité, parenté et pouvoir des enfants naturels chez les Bourbon (XIVe-milieu du XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC326.
Full textAt the end of the Middle Ages, bastard children of nobles benefited from a privileged situation. The study of the House of the Bourbon dukes (14th-mid-16th centuries) shows that such recognition was expressed through identity, kinship and the power conferred upon people of illegitimate birth. The objective is to highlight the system which favored the social promotion of a population born outside of marriage. Natural children benefitted from a unique situation, expressed through specific languages of identity. This allowed then to claim paternal lineage as well, which assured them of a certain social standing. The discourses produced regarding bastards are reflected most notably in the attitude towards them based on their ties of kinship, which includes them as part and parcel of the lineage. Children born outside of marriage thus reinforce legitimate kinship and participate in the social reproduction of the family. Through their professional roles, the patrimony which they possess and/or the alliances which they forge, they support the political ambitions of the princes, in a context of the restructuration of power relations with royalty
Bouhlal, Sofia. "Consequence of salt, sugar and fat content modifications in foods on children's preference and intake." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS110/document.
Full textBackground: In France, the National Nutrition and Health Programme (“Programme National Nutrition Santé” or “PNNS”) is in charge of implementing the recommendations aiming at reducing salt, sugar and fat quantities in foods. However, the extent to which this might impact children’s food preferences and intake is limited. Objective: The present work aimed at understanding the impact of varying salt, sugar and fat variations in foods, on toddlers and children’s food preferences and intake. Methods: Studies were conducted in toddlers’ and children’s natural eating environment (nursery and school canteen), at their usually scheduled lunch and/or snack times. Results: Concerning sucrose, the addition of a low amount seems enough to trigger intake; thus, sucrose can be reduced without affecting food preferences and intake. As far as fat is concerned, suppressing or adding butter did not have an immediate impact on toddlers’ green beans or pasta intake. Besides, low-fat products seem to be well accepted by toddlers and adults. Concerning salt, its reduction seems more puzzling and should be considered cautiously. Our results highlighted dissociation between the direct positive effect of salt on food preferences and intake, and its role on learning. Conclusions: Food sensory qualities are important for eating behaviour. Although it seems that reductions of sugar and fat in foods are possible, thus helping to reduce energy intake, those concerning salt should be considered cautiously
Côté, Bianca. "Services de répit et santé mentale des parents d'enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle sévère." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textBillami, Mokhtar Boumedyen. "Désambiguïsation sémantique dans le cadre de la simplification lexicale : contributions à un système d'aide à la lecture pour des enfants dyslexiques et faibles lecteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0354.
Full textIn recent years, a large number of technologies have been created to help people who have difficulty when reading written texts. The proposed systems integrate speech technologies (reading aloud) or visual aids (setting and/or coloring of fonts or increasing the space between letters and lines). However, it is essential to also propose transformations on the texts’ content in order to have simpler and more frequent substitutes. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to develop a reading aid system that automatically provides a simplified version of a given text while keeping the same meaning of words.The presented work addresses the problem of semantic ambiguity (quite common in natural language processing) and aims to propose solutions for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) by using unsupervised and knowledge-based approaches from lexico-semantic resources. First, we propose a state of the art of the WSD approaches and semantic similarity measures which are crucial for this process. Thereafter, we compare various algorithms of WSD in order to get the best of them. Finally, we present our contributions for creating a lexical resource for French that proposes disambiguated and graduated synonyms according to their level of difficulty to be read and understood. We show that our resource is useful and can be integrated in a lexical simplification of texts module
Tétrault, Sophie. "Développement d'un questionnaire mesurant la qualité des relations familiales entre des parents âgés en perte d'autonomie physique et leurs enfants adultes aidants naturels." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2004.
Find full textMendez-Leblond, Sacha, and Sacha Mendez-Leblond. "L'effet d'un programme d'aide sociale sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du Sud." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24906.
Full textNous étudions l’impact d’une subvention sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du sud. Près de 28 % des enfants non-orphelins de ce pays ne vivent pas avec leurs parents. Ces enfants peuvent être confiés lorsque leurs parents sont soumis à des contraintes financières. Aussi, les parents peuvent choisir d’envoyer leurs enfants pour de meilleures opportunités dans un autre ménage. En 1998, le gouvernement d’Afrique du Sud a introduit un programme d’aide à l’enfant Child Support grant (CSG) visant les enfants pauvres en particulier et qui prend la forme d’une allocation. Ce programme permet ainsi de protéger les familles et leurs enfants contre des variations économiques pouvant les affecter. Les parents peuvent réclamer l’allocation sauf dans le cas où une autre personne est responsable de l’enfant. Nous exploitons le seuil d’admissibilité de 7 ans à l’aide d’une méthode de régression discontinue afin d’évaluer l’effet de ce programme sur le confiage. Nous trouvons que le programme CSG contribue à diminuer le confiage des enfants pauvres. Ce résultat suggère que c’est la pauvreté qui pousse les parents à confier leurs enfants à des tiers.
HUTIN, ISABELLE. "La difficulté d'être ou le rapport à autrui dans l'oeuvre de Violette Leduc." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20059.
Full textThe object of the study is to underline the emergence and the inscription of the myth of la batarde in the autobiography, and this possible because of the general theme of the ill-being or of the relationship with the others in the work. The myth was built up from the origins of the writter ans was born of the painful relationship between violette leduc and her mother during her chilhood; it will impose on her a certain notion of the world, of the others of love and a certain image of her being, and it will continually urge her to seek in the other an image of herself and beyond her the recognition of la batarde by the others
Beaumier, Isabelle. "Les représentations sociales des parents d'accueil concernant leur rôle auprès des enfants et leur famille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28481/28481.pdf.
Full textTétrault, Sophie. "Développement d'un questionnaire mesurant la qualité des relations familiales entre des parents âgés en perte d'autonomie physique et leurs enfants adultes aidants naturels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2419.
Full textRigas-Panagiotacopoulos, Anastasia-Valentine. "L'enfant naturel en Grèce : une proposition méthodologique de la recherche psycho-sociale : le modèle d'identité Ego-Ecologique en psychologie sociale-clinique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30015.
Full textThis study its an essay to develop the ego-ecology identity method, an content analysis on the field of Social-Clinical Psychology. Our investigation treats the issues of post-positivist and socio-cognitive approaches under a point of view of the theories of Ego-ecology. Jung symbols and Desoille’s images. The field of biography approach is a convenient moment to joint with, because the biographical material bridges over imagination and intelligence, individual and social, discourse and action, though on the one hand of the symbolism between words/images and on the other hand of the symbolic interaction between investigator/individual, that is the product. Our objective will be why and how this partial analytical techniques could be surmount replaced the symbolic function of the ego-ecology method, through the protocol of an illegitimate adolescent.. The structure of this work has been divided into four parts and the annexes. On the first part is consecrated to the three central theoretical directions: the ego-ecology, the theories of symbols/images and the biographical one. On the second part we search three social groups adopted on three conditions through the methods of ego-ecology and biography: the unmarried mother, the foster family and the illegitimate children living in an institution. On the third part we present the general conclusions and on the fourth part are presented the references. The proposed content analysis technique through the critical view of the subjects themselves, provides the respondents through their biography life course in a therapeutic way towards self-observation and self-analysis
Chevalier, Romain. "Papes, rois et bâtards : Normes et discours autour de la filiation illégitime (Papauté et royaume de France, XIIIe-XIVe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AVIG1013.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the construction of royal and papal competences in matters of bastardy, and also the history of the discourse that justifies the rehabilitation of illegitimate children through papal acts and those of the King of France. The aim is to explore the discrepancy between, on the one hand, a normative reality marked by a discourse whose cumulative effects are the establishment of a legal discrimination against bastards constantly recalled by the social world, and, on the other hand, the possibility of their rehabilitation. The aim is to put different temporalities into perspective. Firstly, the temporality of the law, which has its roots in antiquity and establishes a terminology and normative framework that apply to illegitimate filiation. This fundamental movement underwent an important evolution from the 12th century onwards, when jurists appropriated the Justinian corpus and exhumed from it means of rehabilitating bastards by giving them new foundations. The political temporality experienced moments of sudden intensity around the reigns of Philippe Auguste and Philippe le Bel, while remaining marked by a backdrop that made the management of bastardy a point of contention between the Church and royalty. Finally, socio-cultural temporality maintains the stigmatization of children born out of wedlock, but at the same time highlights the discourse - elaborated in pontifical acts and then taken up again in royal acts - that justifies individual rehabilitation provided certain conditions are met
Kerhervé, Hélène. "Du domicile à l'institution : évaluation du stress et du soutien par les conjoints et les enfants accompagnant un proche atteint de maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100065/document.
Full textIntroduction: How do spouses and children of older people with dementia living in the community or in an institution perceive the the stress related to caregiving and the support provided by the professionals? Which negative and positive aspects of caregiving influence the caregivers’ mental health? This study examines the specific effects of the burden of caring and their sense of competence on caregivers’ mental health.Methods: Data are gathered from 264 family caregivers, using self-rating scales measuring perceived social support (6 items SSQ6), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI-Y), hostility (STAXI-2), satisfaction with life (SWLS). A principal component analysis of the 22 items of Zarit Burden Inventory (BI) and 27 items of the Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) is computed. Structural Equation Models (SEMs) are tested simultaneously in four conditions: children vs spouses (status), the care recipient living at home vs institutionnalised (context).Results : Caring indirectly affects the caregiver’s mental health via the perceived stress components : consequences for the caregiver’s personal life (SCQ), caregiver’s feelings of guilt (BI) and satisfaction with one’s performance as caregiver (SCQ). These effects are moderated by the caregiving context and the caregiver status. Perceived social support does not protect the mental heath of spouses caring for their relative at home.Conclusion: According to the stress process model this study highlights the key role of the caregiver’s evaluation of his/her own difficulties and perceived support. Implications for interventions and support for carers are discussed
Aupetit, Laurence. "Hospitalisation néo-natale : le point de vue du traumatisme : "c'est encore là, ça peut pas passer"." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070063.
Full textReferring to post interviews of mothers whose children's birth has been followed by neonatal hospitalization, this work questions psychoanalytic trauma pattern in accordance to the generalized theory of seduction developed by Jean Laplanche. Based on the original constitutive traumatic seduction assumption, are developed hypothesizes of maternal trauma, holding disturbances and the child's vulnerabilities? Hypothesizes' psychotherapeutic point of view are also considered
Betti, Stéphane. "Analyse microéconomique de l'offre d'aide des enfants adultes à leurs parents âgés dépendants : application empirique au cas du Luxembourg." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20016.
Full textDailloux, Jean Paul. "Les lois successorales de la révolution française : une anticipation de l'évolution de la famille?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3034.
Full textLaw historians have long ignored the civil law of the French Revolution, pejoratively termed as “intermediate right”. But since the bicentennial of the French Revolution, they have revised their appreciation and highlighted the modernity of this legislation that can now be considered as an anticipation of the contemporary law of the family. This thesis is a contribution to this rehabilitation work.The inheritance law of the old regime was characterized by the inequality of hits rules. The proclamation of civil equality in the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 implied a complete overhaul of this subject. The first two assemblies, the Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly, had only begun this work, removing the most obvious inequalities, the privileges of aeness and masculinity, which was the occasion for discussions on the right to test. It was the Convention that carried out the most important reforms at the height of the Revolution, at a time when ideological tensions were exacerbated. A first draft of the Civil Code was discussed but did not succeed.Pending the drafting of a second amended draft, it was resolved to implement some parts of the first, on matters which seemed particularly urgent. Thus, “appendix articles” of the first Code were implemented by means of two laws. The first is that of 12 Brumaire year II on the rights of natural children, which were essentially inheritance rights. The second is the law of 17 Nivôse year II, on the devolution of inheritance and the equality of shares.Their common feature was to introduce retroactivity into the settlement of estates opened since July 14, 1789, the symbolic date of the advent of freedom, to hasten the implementation of the new principles. . This retroactive effect was then violently criticized , as soon as the political situation tuned around with the elimination of the Robespierrists. Many complaints poured out to show the serious practical inconvenience of this situation.The later legislators returned to this effect, by means of laws which extended from the 9th Fructidor year III, to the 3rd Vendemiaire year IV. The drafters of the Civil Code maintained the principle of equality in the family based on the marriage. But with regard to the children born out of the wedlock, the Code of 1804 devotes the harshest solutions that could be imagined against them. It is no longer a question of even moderate equality. The situation of these children was only very slowly improved for 150 years. However, this movement accelerated from 1972 onwards to current situation
Steinmetz, Josiane da Trindade Damasceno. "La jubilation dans l'oeuvre d'Alberto Caeiro et Álvaro de Campos." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30042.
Full textThe dissertation aims to show how both of the main heteronymous of Fernando Pessoa : Alberto Caeiro and Álvaro de Campos appropriate the jubilation’s theme throught different profiles. The berger-curator is the author of an idyllic poem with a natural framework and the naval engineer is the creator of a work inspired by emblematic mecanism of modernity. Despite their distinct profiles, Alberto Caeiro and Álvaro de Campos focus on a search of identity in link with a feeling of existential jubilation. Both poets created by Fernando Pessoa have worked on common axes : the Child, the Nature and the Dead for Alberto Caeiro. The Child, the Insanity and the Dead for Álvaro de Campos. These topics have revealed an unknown part of Fernando Pessoa’s work. Indeed, the litterary production is generally studied in a pessimist point of view which give importance to the Fernando Pessoa’s spleen. The study demonstrates how both heteronymous express the feeling of jubilation through a semantic field of happiness, ecstasy, or sublime. And it suggests to explore the figures of berger-curator together with the naval engineer from a new perspective. We will examine notions in link with jubilation like pasmo, espanto, ecstasy, happiness, sublime, pleasure, apotheosis, or dynamogeny. To understand jubilation in Alberto Caeiro and Álvaro de Campos‘s works, we will finally refer to Nietzsche, Freud, Lacan, Durkheim, Sartre’s thoughts from a philosophy and psychology perspective, and to Hugo, Baudelaire, Tolstoï, Proust and others from a poetic perspective
Chamani, Demetria. "Les sans-terre en Bolivie (1952-2011) : les pénuries des enfants de la "Pachamama" et les oubliés de l'"Ivy Imarãa"." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA078.
Full textThis thesis tries to explain the problem of the great confrontations between the traditional native Indians who was spoiled of their lands known as the « Pacha Mama » like the forgotten of the « Ivy Imaraa » and the big landowners.These native Aymaras, Quechuas and Tupis Guaranis worked as a pressure group in order to obtain the property of lands first as a social class then as an ethnic group. In their will to be recognised politically and economically they rise up during the natives movements against landowners of national lands and multinational companies. That’s why they organised themselves in pressure groups to get the access to land as well as the whole natural resources.At the beginning we will see the historical research about all the shortages that indigenous highlands and lowlands of Bolivia suffered, threatening their survival.Then we are going to look at the pre-colonial, colonial and especially republic evolution where took place the struggle for power and for the appropriation of lands and the wealth they contain and that can produce internationals wars like the war of Chaco for the oil. To these wars were added civil wars for the conquest and possession of mines such as the ones opposing the tin barons like Patiño, Hochschild and Aramayo.Therefore, we assist to the born and evolution of liberal governments and political party which craving for power. Besides that, the thesis attempts to demonstrate the problem aroused the coca leaf in the seventies because of the drug trade and the strong position of the US in Bolivian internal policy.Then we will address the problem of economic financing in which there are some autonomous territories because of the unequal distribution of wealth of some departments and regions.Thereafter we will focus in the important role exercised by women in the political, economic and social life, especially in the struggle for land and in the process of gender equality.Finally, we will demonstrate that despite the populist and nativist government of Evo Morales, the problem of land distribution has not yet found an adequate solution
Raventós, Barangé Anna. "L'Image du Bâtard dans la littérature française de transition entre les Lumières et le romantisme." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040067.
Full textDuvillet, Amandine. "Du péché à l'ordre civil, les unions hors mariage au regard du droit (XVIe-XXe siècle)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697010.
Full textDionizio, Neto Manoel. "Educação e liberdade em Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2377.
Full textLes différentes manières de comprendre la liberté et l'éducation nous amènent à l'héritage des Lumières présenté par Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Celui-ci, en tant que premier critique de la modernité, ouvre un débat dans le domaine des sciences et des arts afin de nous parler de l'origine et des fondements de l'inégalité entre les hommes. Une fois lancées les questions concernant la dépravation humaine au cours de l'histoire, il nous faut, à présent, le moment de repenser l'éducation en considérant une nouvelle façon de comprendre l'enfance. Étant donné la nécessité d'investir sur la formation humaine nous nous rendons compte que l'éducation se fait en tant que processus à partir de la nature, des choses et des hommes. Il faut donner la priorité à l'éducation selon les déterminations de la nature, au contraire de ce qui se passe dans nos sociétés connues où l'éducation des hommes se surpose aux autres éducations. L'éducation de la nature est prioritaire quand la nécessité de penser l'enfant comme enfant et l'adulte comme adulte est prise en considération. Il faut avoir un contrat pédagogique afin que, dans le processus de formation, il soit possible au précepteur de conduire l'élève à son autonomie au fur et à mesure qu'il acquière une juste interprétation des prédispositions naturelles qui se trouvent dans chacun de nous à la naissance. C'est pourquoi il faut conclure qu'il est nécessaire de considérer l'éducation de l'individu à partir de sa naissance et de ses différentes phases de développement jusqu'à ce qu'il devienne un adulte. En suivant les projets de la nature on arrive à une heureuse adolescence. Là il sera prêt à acquérir une formation morale qui lui permettra de s'insérer dans la société, en passant par le mariage, en organisant une famille et en devenant participant du contrat social fondateur de la République. Dans celle-ci, une fois que le peuple est souverain, il change sa liberté naturelle pour la liberté civile exprimée et reconnue dans la volonté générale. C'est dans la famille que l'homme consolide son statut de citoyen, mais aussi en choisissant et en devenant co-responsable de la République où il habite. Mais cela ne sera possible que par un passage de la liberté à l'éducation, étant donné que, de la même façon que l'homme est passé de l'état de nature à l'état civil, chacun passe de l'enfance à l'âge adulte à la condition d'avoir une formation physique et morale pour s'assumer en tant que citoyen. En tant que membre de l'État, il pourra être vu tout simplement comme un sujet mais il pourra être aussi un magistrat ou faire partie du gouvernement; quelque soit le cas, faire partie de la souveraineté. La citoyenneté sera obtenue par l'éducation, la liberté et les différents contrats rédigés par des personnes libres.
Diferentes modos de compreender a liberdade e a educação nos levam às respostas para o que nos resta da herança iluminista que encontramos em Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Este, como primeiro crítico da modernidade, abre uma discussão em torno das ciências e das artes para nos falar da origem e dos fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens. Lançadas as questões a respeito da depravação humana que foi se construindo na história, agora é o momento de repensarmos a educação, considerando para tanto uma nova forma de compreender a infância. Considerando a necessidade de se investir na formação humana, damo-nos conta de que a educação se faz como um processo, no qual há três tipos de mestres: a natureza, as coisas e os homens. Faz-se necessário priorizar a educação segundo as determinações da natureza, ao contrário do que acontece na sociedade conhecida, onde a educação dos homens se sobrepõe as demais educações. Prioriza-se a educação da natureza quando se considera a necessidade de pensar a criança como criança e o adulto como adulto. É preciso haver um contrato pedagógico para que, no processo de formação, seja possível ao preceptor conduzir o educando à sua autocondução à medida que for interpretando devidamente as predisposições naturais que se encontram em cada um já ao nascer. Disso se conclui que é necessário considerar a educação a partir do nascimento do indivíduo que passará por fases distintas de desenvolvimento até se tornar um adulto. Seguindo os desígnios da natureza, chega-se à adolescência feliz. Nela, encontrar-se-á preparado para a aquisição da sua formação moral com a qual se inserirá no convívio social, passando pelo casamento, organizando uma família e tornando-se partícipe do contrato social que fundará uma república. Nesta, sendo o povo soberano, troca a sua liberdade natural pela liberdade civil expressa e reconhecida na vontade geral. É, pois, na família, que se forma o homem que poderá se firmar como cidadão, escolhendo o lugar para morar e tornando-se co-responsável pela república em que habite. Mas isso somente será possível quando houver a passagem da liberdade à educação, considerando que, da mesma forma que o homem saiu do estado de natureza para o estado civil, cada um sai da sua infância à fase adulta, sendo-lhe necessária a formação física e moral para se autoconduzir como cidadão. Como membro do Estado, poderá ser visto simplesmente como súdito, mas também poderá ser um magistrado ou parte do governo. Em qualquer desses casos, parte da soberania. E a cidadania formar-se-á pela educação e a liberdade e as diferentes formas de contrato que somente poderão se fazer entre pessoas livres e educadas.
Yassine, Siba. "Apprentissage de l’anglais et du français chez des enfants arabophones syriens : influences respectives de la langue maternelle et de la première langue étrangère sur la deuxième." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30049.
Full textThis research work focuses on the influence of learning English as a foreign language on learning French as a foreign language. This influence is studied in Arabic-speaking children at the morphosyntactic and phonetic levels. We hypothesize there is an influence of the native language or of the first foreign language on learning of the second foreign language. More specifically, our objective in this doctoral thesis was to study linguistic interactions between the mother tongue, the English language learned starting from the age of 6 and the French language learned from the age of 12, in Arabic speaking children aged 8 to 14. The interference between the languages studied was first assessed by means of a morphosyntactic test, whose purpose was to evaluate the comprehension of sentences presenting various syntactic structures and increasing complexity. Two perception tests in English and in French were then performed to study the interference concerning the perception of vowel contrasts in both foreign languages.Our results showed that age played a decisive role in the foreign language learning. 14-year-olds performed better than younger children. We also confirmed the facilitating role of learning English on French by considering both languages as two Indo-European languages sharing similar structural and lexical characteristics.Concerning the perception tests, our results showed that Arabic-speaking children discriminate more vowel contrasts in English than in French. We explain this difference by the fact that our participants’ second language is English (started at the age of 6), while the French language is their third language (started at the age of 12). Finally, Arabic-speaking children tended to assimilate French sounds to Arabic or English sounds, demonstrating an effect of phonological deafness
Levionnois, Charlotte. "The employment conditions of native-born people with immigrant parents : a comparison between France and The United States." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E042/document.
Full textThe comparison between France and the United States shows how the inequalities in terms of employment conditions between descendants of immigrants and of native-born persons differ.This thesis proposes an empirical and comparative analysis of the employment conditions of immigrants’ offspring in France and in the United States. The goal is to better characterise the labour market integration of immigrants’ offspring, taking a multidimensional approach. The comparison between France and the United States highlight the dimensions of inequalities in terms of employment conditions between the descendants of immigrants and of native-born in each of country, henceforth improving the characterisation of these inequalities. Our analysis explores overeducation in a first chapter, in a second chapter, three aspects of the socio-economic security of job quality and in a final chapter, the distribution of wage differentials. Although differences in terms of employment conditions exist in both countries to the detriment of immigrants’ offspring, these differences do not appear to be the result of inequalities but rather of structural effects such as differences in age or education level between the two groups. The occupations and sectors of activity in which descendants of immigrants work also explain these differences. The results show similarities between the two countries. Once the selection bias to access employment is taken into account, having immigrant parents has no significant effect on overeducation (chapter 1) but a positive and significant effect on wages (chapter 2). On the other hand, the two countries differ on several points. In France, having immigrant parents significantly restricts the access to employment and lowers job security. However, in the United States, there is a negative effect only on working time (chapter 2). This thesis advocates for the consideration of the heterogeneity that exists within the population immigrants’ offspring, according to their parents’country of origin. Indeed, contradictory effects according to the parents’ country of origin may lead to non-significant effects at the aggregate level, as is the case for overeducation, for example. The final chapter shows a wider wage gap for low-wage workers in the two countries. Nevertheless, the major difference between the two countries is that the unobservable component contributes to narrowing the wage gap between natives and of immigrants but to increasing it in France
Requena, Mary-Sophie. "Rôle des anticorps naturels et des IgA sécrétoires (SIgA) dans la transmission du VIH lors de l'allaitement." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066253.
Full textAli, Robleh Youssouf. "Le droit français confronté à la conception musulmane de la filiation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GREND003/document.
Full textThe French law is confronted with standards of Muslim inspiration since the arrival in France of numerous people nationals of the Muslim countries formerly colonized by France. This meeting of the French law with the right(straight) Muslim is real because the private international law submits the questions relative to the state of the people in the national law. In spite of the current trend(tendency) of the French deprived international law which favors the skill(competence) of the French law with regard to(compared with) the right(straight) foreigner(foreign countries), the French rules(rulers) of conflict relative to the filiation are not hostile to the right(straight) foreigner(foreign countries).he French judge is thus confronted with the Muslim model of filiation based(established) concurrently on the marriage and on the blood relationship. The consequences of this model put certain difficulties in particular the exclusion from the natural filiation and the ban on the adoption. These Muslim prohibitions are understood(included) as being out of step with the evolution of the French law of the filiation which abandoned(gave up) the distinction natural filiation and justifiable filiation. This thesis(theory) proposes a vision at the same time original and authentic of the right(straight) Muslim of the filiation which can open the way to a positive reception of this right(law) often presented as irreparably opposite(opposed) to the French law
Rossell, Bernadette-Meritxell. "Essai d'analyse intertextuelle, à partir du "mythe allégorique de la caverne", de deux réalisations du motif de l'"Enfant de la nature" et de leur résonnance platonicienne dans : "Hayy ben Yaqdhân d'Ibn Thofaîl et "El criticon" de Baltasar Gracian /Bernadette Meritxell Rossell." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030085.
Full textZanuso, Claire. "Natural Disasters, Coping Strategies and Labour Market - Evidence from the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090072.
Full textFrequency and intensity of natural and environmental disasters are on the rise worldwide. Up to 325 million extremely poor people will be living in the 49 most hazard-prone countries in 2030. Haiti proudly claims to the distinction of being the only nation whose slave population defeated a colonial power to become free and the second-oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere, yet persists as the poorest country in Latin America and Caribbean region one of the poorest and weakly governed countries in the world. Output of both an extensive fieldwork and academic research, the present thesis attempts to shed some light on the situation in Haiti after the devastating earthquake, offering four insights on the interlinkages between natural disaster, labour market and coping strategies. The introductive chapter draws the general motivation and some background information common of the four essays of this doctoral work. The first chapter presents the most up-to-date diagnosis of the labour market situation in Haiti almost 3 years after the earthquake (2012) and provide whenever possible a comparison with the situation prevailing 3 years before (2007), with a specific focus on youth. This descriptive analysis offers an overview of the general economic trends. In the following three chapters, we explore in depth the microeconomic foundations and implications of channels at play. Chapter 2 analyses the impact of earthquake on the households' decision on children's time allocation. In chapter 3, we investigate interlinkages between transfers and labour supply in the aftermath of the earthquake. Finally, chapter 4 takes the analysis of the impact of the earthquake a step forward by using longitudinal data and focuses on the long-lasting impact of the 2010 earthquake on population's livelihoods
Fleury-Potvin, Virginie. "Une double réponse au problème moral et social de l'illégitimité : la réforme des moeurs et la promotion de l'adoption par «la sauvegarde de l'enfance» de Québec, 1943-1964." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23918/23918.pdf.
Full textDell'Armi, Mélina. "Identification des besoins familiaux et évaluation d'un programme de répit : intervention appliquée aux parents d'enfants avec Troubles du spectre de l'autisme." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20059/document.
Full textMany studies have highlighted that Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have a significant impact on theindividual’s daily life, and his/her relatives (i.e. family and parents). Research in this area has thereforeincreasingly focused on the family, providing resources, support and services. Indeed, their role in thechild’s support is of prime importance, and appropriate support for carers is also indirect support for thechild. While parents are the primary users of the proposed devices, availability of such services stillremain inadequate, and do not play an important role in the implementation of interventionsStudy 1 aims to translate and validate a French version of the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ). Theresults have demonstrated good psychometric validity, suggesting that this instrument is adequate toevaluate family needs in a sample of French parents of children with ASD. Study 2, assesses the needs ofmothers of children with ASD, using the FNG-Fr and the Family Needs Survey. Qualitative measures suchas open questions and semi-structured interviews were also used. Study 3 focuses on evaluation of thefamily needs by comparing parents of children with ASD and parents of children with Specific LanguageImpairments (SLI). School-centered needs, needs for child’s social life and respite time needs were ratedas the most unmet needs by parents of children with ASD. Findings from semi-structured interviews andopen question have also highlight such needs that were significantly different compared to those ofparents of with SLI, suggesting specific needs for parents of children with ASD. And study 4 was based ona longitudinal design for evaluating the impact of an at-home intervention program, allowing a respitetime for the families. While parental satisfaction was high, no impact on variables assessing parents’quality of life was found
Doukhan, David. "Synthèse de parole expressive au delà du niveau de la phrase : le cas du conte pour enfant : conception et analyse de corpus de contes pour la synthèse de parole expressive." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112165/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose ways to improve the expressiveness of speech synthesis systems. One of the central propositions of this work is to define, use and measure the impact of linguistic structures operating beyond the sentence level, as opposed to approaches operating on sentences out of their context. The scope of the study is restricted to the case of storytelling for children. The stories have the distinction of having been the subject of a number of studies in order to highlight a narrative structure and involve a number of stereotypical characters (hero, villain, fairy) whose speech is often reported. These special features are used to model the prosodic properties tales beyond the sentence level. The oral transmission of tales was often associated with musical practice (vocals, instruments) and their reading is associated with rich melodic properties including reproduction remains a challenge for modern speech synthesizers. To address these issues, a first corpus of written tales is collected and annotated with information about the narrative structure of stories, identification and allocation of direct quotations, referencing references to characters as well as named entities and enumerations areas. The corpus analyzed is described in terms of coverage and inter-annotator agreement. It is used to model systems segmentation tales episode, detection of direct quotes, dialogue acts and modes of communication. A second corpus of stories read by a professional speaker is presented. The word is aligned with the lexical and phonetic transcriptions, annotations of the corpus text and meta-information describing the characteristics of the characters involved in the story. The relationship between linguistic annotations and prosodic properties observed in the speech corpus are described and modeled. Finally, a prototype control expressive synthesizer parameters by Acapela unit selection is made. The prototype generates prosodic operating instructions beyond the sentence level, including using the information related to the structure of the story and the distinction between direct speech and reported speech. Prototype validation control is performed through a perceptual experience, which shows a significant improvement in the quality of the synthesis