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Journal articles on the topic '"enfacement" illusion'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Bottiroli, Sara, Marta Matamala-Gomez, Marta Allena, Elena Guaschino, Natascia Ghiotto, Roberto De Icco, Grazia Sances, and Cristina Tassorelli. "The Virtual “Enfacement Illusion” on Pain Perception in Patients Suffering from Chronic Migraine: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 6876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226876.

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Background: given the limited efficacy, tolerability, and accessibility of pharmacological treatments for chronic migraine (CM), new complementary strategies have gained increasing attention. Body ownership illusions have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for pain relief. Here, we illustrate the protocol for evaluating the efficacy in decreasing pain perception of the enfacement illusion of a happy face observed through an immersive virtual reality (VR) system in CM. Method: the study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial with two arms, involving 100 female CM patients assigned to the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group will be exposed to the enfacement illusion, whereas the control group will be exposed to a pleasant immersive virtual environment. Both arms of the trial will consist in three VR sessions (20 min each). At the baseline and at the end of the intervention, the patients will fill in questionnaires based on behavioral measures related to their emotional and psychological state and their body satisfaction. Before and after each VR session, the level of pain, the body image perception, and the affective state will be assessed. Discussion: this study will provide knowledge regarding the relationship between internal body representation and pain perception, supporting the effectiveness of the enfacement illusion as a cognitive behavioral intervention in CM.

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2

Minio-Paluello, Ilaria, Giuseppina Porciello, Marco Gandolfo, Sarah Boukarras, and Salvatore M. Aglioti. "The enfacement illusion boosts facial mimicry." Cortex 123 (February 2020): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.001.

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3

ZHOU, Aibao, Yanchi ZHANG, Peiru LIU, Yulong YIN, and Fen ZHANG. "Who am I? ——Enfacement Illusion Based on Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation." Advances in Psychological Science 23, no. 2 (2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2015.00159.

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4

Beck, Brianna, Flavia Cardini, Elisabetta Làdavas, and Caterina Bertini. "The Enfacement Illusion Is Not Affected by Negative Facial Expressions." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2015): e0136273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136273.

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5

Ferroni, F., M. Ardizzi, M. Sestito, V. Lucarini, B. D. Daniel, F. Paraboschi, M. Tonna, C. Marchesi, and V. Gallese. "Shared multisensory experience affects Others' boundary: The enfacement illusion in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 206 (April 2019): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.018.

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6

Porciello, Giuseppina, Ilaria Bufalari, Ilaria Minio-Paluello, Enrico Di Pace, and Salvatore Maria Aglioti. "The ‘Enfacement’ illusion: A window on the plasticity of the self." Cortex 104 (July 2018): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.01.007.

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7

Bufalari, Ilaria, Giuseppina Porciello, Marco Sperduti, and Ilaria Minio-Paluello. "Self-identification with another person's face: the time relevant role of multimodal brain areas in the enfacement illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (April 2015): 1959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00872.2013.

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The illusory subjective experience of looking at one's own face while in fact looking at another person's face can surprisingly be induced by simple synchronized visuotactile stimulation of the two faces. A recent study (Apps MA, Tajadura-Jiménez A, Sereno M, Blanke O, Tsakiris M. Cereb Cortex. First published August 20, 2013; doi:10.1093/cercor/bht199) investigated for the first time the role of visual unimodal and temporoparietal multimodal brain areas in the enfacement illusion and suggested a model in which multisensory mechanisms are crucial to construct and update self-face representation.

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8

Gonzalez-Franco, Mar, Anthony Steed, Steve Hoogendyk, and Eyal Ofek. "Using Facial Animation to Increase the Enfacement Illusion and Avatar Self-Identification." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 26, no. 5 (May 2020): 2023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973075.

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9

Gülbetekin, Evrim, Enes Altun, Muhammed Nurullah Er, Arda Fidancı, Pakize Keskin, and Dilara Steenken. "Effects of right or left face stimulation on self and other perception in enfacement illusion." Social Neuroscience 16, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2021.1886983.

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10

Tajadura-Jiménez, Ana, Matthew R. Longo, Rosie Coleman, and Manos Tsakiris. "The person in the mirror: Using the enfacement illusion to investigate the experiential structure of self-identification." Consciousness and Cognition 21, no. 4 (December 2012): 1725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.10.004.

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11

Cardini, Flavia, Ana Tajadura-Jiménez, Andrea Serino, and Manos Tsakiris. "It feels like it’s me: Interpersonal multisensory stimulation enhances visual remapping of touch from other to self." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648422.

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We constantly feel, see and move our body, and have no doubt that it is our own, distinct from the body of other people. At the same time, understanding other people’s feelings in social interactions depends on the ability to map onto one’s own body the observed experiences on the bodies of others. It has been shown that the more similar others are perceived to be to our self, the stronger this mapping is. While previous studies have focused on existing similarities or differences between self and other, we ask whether the experimental change of the self-other boundaries can lead to changes in somatosensory processing. It has been shown that the perception of tactile stimuli on the face is enhanced if participants concurrently observe a face being touched. This Visual Remapping of Touch (VRT; Ladavas and Serino, 2010) is enhanced the more similar others are perceived to be to the self, and is strongest when viewing one’s face (Serino et al., 2008, 2009). We used the enfacement illusion that relies on synchronous interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS; Sforza et al., 2010; Tsakiris, 2008) to manipulate self-other boundaries. Following synchronous, but not asynchronous IMS, the self-related enhancement of the VRT effect was extended to the other individual. These findings suggest that shared multi-sensory experiences represent one key way in which the boundaries and perceived similarity between self and others can be overcome, as evidenced by changes in somatosensory processing of shared tactile stimuli.

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12

Grewe, C. Martin, Tuo Liu, Andrea Hildebrandt, and Stefan Zachow. "The Open Virtual Mirror Framework for enfacement illusions." Behavior Research Methods, May 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01761-9.

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AbstractEnfacement illusions are traditionally elicited by visuo-tactile stimulation, but more active paradigms become possible through the usage of virtual reality techniques. For instance, virtual mirrors have been recently proposed to induce enfacement by visuo-motor stimulation. In a virtual mirror experiment, participants interact with an avatar that imitates their facial movements. The active control over the avatar greatly enhances the sense of agency, which is an important ingredient for successful enfacement illusion induction. Due to technological challenges, most virtual mirrors so far were limited to the imitation of the participant’s head pose, i.e., its location and rotation. However, stronger experiences of agency can be expected by an increase in the avatar’s mimicking abilities. We here present a new open-source framework for virtual mirror experiments, which we call the Open Virtual Mirror Framework (OVMF). The OVMF can track and imitate a large range of facial movements, including pose and expressions. It has been designed to run on standard computer hardware and easily interfaces with existing toolboxes for psychological experimentation, while satisfying the requirement of a tightly controlled experimental setup. Further, it is designed to enable convenient extension of its core functionality such that it can be flexibly adjusted to many different experimental paradigms. We demonstrate the usage of the OVMF and experimentally validate its ability to elicit experiences of agency over an avatar, concluding that the OVMF can serve as a reference for future experiments and that it provides high potential to stimulate new directions in enfacement research and beyond.

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13

Bufalari, Ilaria, Anna Laura Sforza, Francesco Di Russo, Lucia Mannetti, and Salvatore Maria Aglioti. "Malleability of the self: electrophysiological correlates of the enfacement illusion." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (February 8, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38213-y.

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14

Northoff, Georg, Karl Erik Sandsten, Julie Nordgaard, Troels Wesenberg Kjaer, and Josef Parnas. "The Self and Its Prolonged Intrinsic Neural Timescale in Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Bulletin, July 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa083.

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Abstract Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be characterized as a basic self-disorder that is featured by abnormal temporal integration on phenomenological (experience) and psychological (information processing) levels. Temporal integration on the neuronal level can be measured by the brain’s intrinsic neural timescale using the autocorrelation window (ACW) and power-law exponent (PLE). Our goal was to relate intrinsic neural timescales (ACW, PLE), as a proxy of temporal integration on the neuronal level, to temporal integration related to self-disorder on psychological (Enfacement illusion task in electroencephalography) and phenomenological (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience [EASE]) levels. SCZ participants exhibited prolonged ACW and higher PLE during the self-referential task (Enfacement illusion), but not during the non-self-referential task (auditory oddball). The degree of ACW/PLE change during task relative to rest was significantly reduced in self-referential task in SCZ. A moderation model showed that low and high ACW/PLE exerted differential impact on the relationship of self-disorder (EASE) and negative symptoms (PANSS). In sum, we demonstrate abnormal prolongation in intrinsic neural timescale during self-reference in SCZ including its relation to basic self-disorder and negative symptoms. Our results point to abnormal relation of self and temporal integration at the core of SCZ constituting a “common currency” of neuronal, psychological, and phenomenological levels.

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15

Deltort, Nicolas, Joël Swendsen, Manuel Bouvard, Jean-René Cazalets, and Anouck Amestoy. "The enfacement illusion in autism spectrum disorder: How interpersonal multisensory stimulation influences facial recognition of the self." Frontiers in Psychiatry 13 (November 3, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.946066.

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At its most basic level, the sense of self is built upon awareness of one's body and the face holds special significance as the individual's most important and distinctive physical feature. Multimodal sensory integration is pivotal to experiencing one's own body as a coherent visual “self” representation is formed and maintained by matching felt and observed sensorimotor experiences in the mirror. While difficulties in individual facial identity recognition and in both self-referential cognition and empathy are frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), studying the effect of multimodal sensory stimulation in this population is of relevant interest. The present study investigates for the first time the specific effect on Interpersonal Multisensory Stimulation (IMS) on face self-recognition in a sample of 30 adults with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) ASD, matched on age and sex. The results demonstrate atypical self-face recognition and absence of IMS effects (enfacement illusion) in adults with ASD compared to controls, indicating that multisensory integration failed in updating cognitive representations of one's own face among persons with this disorder. The results are discussed in the light of other findings indicating alterations in body enfacement illusion and automatic imitation in ASD as well as in the context of the theories of procedural perception and multisensory integration alterations.

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16

Botan, Vanessa, Abigail Salisbury, Hugo D. Critchley, and Jamie Ward. "Vicarious pain is an outcome of atypical body ownership: Evidence from the rubber hand illusion and enfacement illusion." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, June 29, 2021, 174702182110248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211024822.

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Some people report localised pain on their body when seeing other people in pain (sensory-localised vicarious pain responders). In this study, we assess whether this is related to atypical computations of body ownership which, in paradigms such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can be conceptualised as a Bayesian inference as to whether multiple sources of sensory information (visual, somatosensory) belong together on a single body (one’s own) or are distributed across several bodies (vision = other, somatosensory = self). According to this model, computations of body ownership depend on the degree (and precision) of sensory evidence, rather than synchrony per se. Sensory-localised vicarious pain responders exhibit the RHI following synchronous stroking and—unusually—also after asynchronous stroking. Importantly, this occurs only in asynchronous conditions in which the stroking is predictable (alternating) rather than unpredictable (random). There was no evidence that their bottom-up proprioceptive signals are less precise, suggesting individual differences in the top-down weighting of sensory evidence. Finally, the enfacement illusion (EI) was also employed as a conceptually related bodily illusion paradigm that involves a completely different response judgement (based on vision rather than proprioception). Sensory-localised responders show a comparable pattern on this task after synchronous and asynchronous stroking. This is consistent with the idea that they have top-down (prior) differences in the way body ownership is inferred that transcends the exact judgement being made (visual or proprioceptive).

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17

Volpara, Gabriele, Andrea Nani, and Franco Cauda. "The Reflected Face as a Mask of the Self: An Appraisal of the Psychological and Neuroscientific Research About Self-face Recognition." Topoi, October 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11245-022-09815-z.

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AbstractThis study reviews research about the recognition of one’s own face and discusses scientific techniques (especially the instrument of the mirror) to investigate differences in brain activation when looking at familiar faces compared to unfamiliar ones. Our analysis highlights how people do not possess a perception of their own face that corresponds precisely to reality, and how the awareness of one’s face can also be modulated by means of the enfacement illusion. This illusion allows one to maintain a sense of self at the expense of a precise discrimination of self-face. The internal dynamics of different brain processes, associated with the construction of bodily identity and the sense of self and capable of integrating signals from different sensory channels, particularly visual and tactile, create a mirror-mask effect. According to this effect, the self-face reflected by a mirror becomes a mask for the self, which has the features of the subject’s face, but nonetheless does not correspond perfectly to its characteristics. This poses interesting questions about the nature and construction of one’s self, as self-face reflections allow the mind to mediate between analogue and virtual reality, between past and future events, between memories and plans of action and, most importantly, between beliefs about our identities.

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18

Panagiotopoulou, Elena, Laura Crucianelli, Alessandra Lemma, and Aikaterini Fotopoulou. "Identifying with the beautiful: Facial attractiveness effects on unisensory and multisensory self–other distinction." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, October 13, 2021, 174702182110503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211050318.

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People tend to evaluate their own traits and abilities favourably and such favourable self-perceptions extend to attractiveness. However, the exact mechanism underlying this self-enhancement bias remains unclear. One possibility could be the identification with attractive others through blurring of self–other boundaries. Across two experiments, we used the enfacement illusion to investigate the effect of others’ attractiveness in the multisensory perception of the self. In Experiment 1 ( N = 35), participants received synchronous or asynchronous interpersonal visuo-tactile stimulation with an attractive and non-attractive face. In Experiment 2 ( N = 35), two new faces were used and spatial incongruency was introduced as a control condition. The results showed that increased ratings of attractiveness of an unfamiliar face lead to blurring of self–other boundaries, allowing the identification of our psychological self with another’s physical self and specifically their face, and this seems to be unrelated to perceived own attractiveness. The effect of facial attractiveness on face ownership showed dissociable mechanisms, with multisensory integration modulating the effect on similarity but not identification, an effect that may be purely based on vision. Overall, our findings suggest that others’ attractiveness may lead to positive distortions of the self. This research provides a psychophysical starting point for studying the impact of others’ attractiveness on self-face recognition, which can be particularly important for individuals with malleable, embodied self–other boundaries and body image disturbances.

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19

Panagiotopoulou, Elena, Laura Crucianelli, Alessandra Lemma, and Aikaterini Fotopoulou. "Identifying with the beautiful: Facial attractiveness effects on unisensory and multisensory self–other distinction." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, October 13, 2021, 174702182110503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211050318.

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Abstract:

People tend to evaluate their own traits and abilities favourably and such favourable self-perceptions extend to attractiveness. However, the exact mechanism underlying this self-enhancement bias remains unclear. One possibility could be the identification with attractive others through blurring of self–other boundaries. Across two experiments, we used the enfacement illusion to investigate the effect of others’ attractiveness in the multisensory perception of the self. In Experiment 1 ( N = 35), participants received synchronous or asynchronous interpersonal visuo-tactile stimulation with an attractive and non-attractive face. In Experiment 2 ( N = 35), two new faces were used and spatial incongruency was introduced as a control condition. The results showed that increased ratings of attractiveness of an unfamiliar face lead to blurring of self–other boundaries, allowing the identification of our psychological self with another’s physical self and specifically their face, and this seems to be unrelated to perceived own attractiveness. The effect of facial attractiveness on face ownership showed dissociable mechanisms, with multisensory integration modulating the effect on similarity but not identification, an effect that may be purely based on vision. Overall, our findings suggest that others’ attractiveness may lead to positive distortions of the self. This research provides a psychophysical starting point for studying the impact of others’ attractiveness on self-face recognition, which can be particularly important for individuals with malleable, embodied self–other boundaries and body image disturbances.

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