Relevant bibliographies by topics / Energy tunnel

Academic literature on the topic 'Energy tunnel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Energy tunnel"

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Qiu, Jiadong, and Fan Feng. "Effect of Different Tunnel Distribution on Dynamic Behavior and Damage Characteristics of Non-Adjacent Tunnel Triggered by Blasting Disturbance." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193705.

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When a blasting is executed near two tunnels, the blasting wave will trigger a dynamic response and damage to the tunnels. Depending on the tunnel distribution, the path of the blasting wave to the remote non-adjacent tunnels will change. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the tunnel distribution on the dynamic response characteristics of a remote non-adjacent tunnel. Numerical models of two tunnels were established by PFC2D and three different tunnel distributions were considered. The two tunnels were divided into the adjacent tunnel and the non-adjacent tunnel according to their relative distance to the blasting source. The dynamic stress evolution, damage characteristics and the evolution of strain energy of the non-adjacent tunnel were initially analyzed. The results show that the stress wave amplitude of the non-adjacent tunnel is closely related to the tunnel distribution, but only near the sidewalls of the non-adjacent tunnel is the stress wave waveform sensitive to the tunnel distribution. The larger the tunnel dip, the more severe the damage to the non-adjacent tunnel. In addition, as the tunnel dip increases, the maximum strain energy densities (SEDs) in the roof, floor and sidewalls of the non-adjacent tunnel exhibit different trends. The influence of the wavelength of the blasting wave is further discussed. It is shown that the dynamic stress amplification factor and damage degree around the non-adjacent tunnel is usually positively correlated with the wavelength of the blasting wave. Moreover, the release of strain energy around the non-adjacent tunnel has a positive correlation with the wavelength. The SED variations in different areas around the non-adjacent tunnel also exhibit different trends with the increase of tunnel dip.
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Li, Zheng, and Gerald H. Pollack. "Surface-induced flow: A natural microscopic engine using infrared energy as fuel." Science Advances 6, no. 19 (May 2020): eaba0941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba0941.

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Fluid commonly flows in response to an external pressure gradient. However, when a tunnel-containing hydrogel is immersed in water, spontaneous flow occurs through the tunnel without any pressure gradient. We confirmed this flow in a wide range of plant- and animal-derived hydrogels. The flow appears to be driven by axial concentration gradients originating from surface activities of the tunnel wall. Those activities include (i) hydrogel-water interaction and (ii) material exchange across the tunnel boundary. Unlike pressure-driven flow, this surface-induced flow has two distinct features: incident infrared energy substantially increases flow velocity, and narrower tunnels generate faster flow. Thus, surface activities in hydrogel-lined tunnels may confer kinetic energy on the enclosed fluid, with infrared as an energy source.
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Yang, Tao, Yunkang Rao, Honggang Wu, Junyun Zhang, Hao Lei, and Haojiang Ding. "Dynamic Response of Parallel Overlapped Tunnel under Seismic Loading by Shaking Table Tests." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 7, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2535762.

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Potential earthquake-induced damage to overlapped tunnels probably occurs during the operation and maintenance of mountain tunnel engineering, especially in the seismically active zone. This study investigated the dynamic response and the failure characteristics of the parallel overlapped tunnel under seismic loadings by employing shaking table tests. The failure mode of the parallel overlapped tunnels was analyzed through macroscopic test phenomena. The dynamic responses of the surrounding rock and tunnel lining were evaluated by acceleration and dynamic strain, respectively. In particular, wavelet packets were used to investigate the spectrum characteristics of the tunnel structure in depth. The failure process of the model can be divided into three stages. The upper-span and the under-crossing tunnels showed different failure characteristics. Additionally, the lining damage on the outer surface of the tunnel mainly occurred on the right side arch waist and the left side wall, whereas the lining damage on the inner surface of the tunnel mainly appeared on the crown and invert. Wavelet packet energy results showed that the energy characteristic distributions of the upper-span and the under-crossing tunnels were not consistent. Specifically, the energy eigenvalues of the crown of the upper-span tunnel and the invert of the under-crossing tunnel were the largest, which should be considered to be the weak parts in the seismic design.
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Guo, Jinnan, and Angui Li. "Modelling ventilation and convective heat transfer in deeply buried underground tunnels based on boundary layer theory." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602009.

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Underground traffic tunnels serve as the entry and exit buildings for underground spaces. Most of the ventilation and air-conditioning systems in underground spaces rely on traffic tunnels for cooling or preheating to save energy. The temperature distribution of traffic tunnels has always attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, a heat transfer model of a traffic tunnel was established based on energy conservation and boundary layer theory, and the field test was carried out. The calculation model provided in this study was in good agreement with the field measurement results. It is found that the dimensionless air temperature of the traffic tunnel decays exponentially along the tunnel at the same time. The air temperature in the traffic tunnel fluctuates with time, and the simple harmonic fluctuation decreases along the tunnel. In summer, the air temperature decreases and increases exponentially along the tunnel during the day and night, respectively. In this study, a heat transfer model for calculating the temperature distribution of underground traffic tunnels was theoretically established, which provided an important theoretical support for underground traffic tunnels as natural air conditioners. The establishment of heat transfer model of underground traffic tunnel has significant economic and environmental benefits.
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Sekularac, Milan. "Experimental determination of tunnel ventilation axial ducted fan performance." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140624108s.

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To investigate traffic tunnel ventilation flows, a scaled model of a traffic tunnel with longitudinal ventilation system based on ducted fans is used. Flows in tunnels are influenced by tunnel geometry, fan characteristics, ventilation operation scenario, vehicle traffic, atmospheric factors, etc. To analyze flow fields of tunnels in detail, knowledge of tunnel jet-fan properties and turbulent flow characteristics at the fan exit are required, and can be used as input data for CFD boundary conditions of tunnel flow computation. For this purpose experimental measurements were done using the hot wire anemometry technique. The obtained results, trough ensemble-averaged and time averaged profiles of all velocity components, turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, integral flow length scales, available Reynolds stresses, Turbulent kinetic energy production rates and the fan thrust performance, are presented. These data allow us to analyze in more detail the influence of fan flow on energy and pollutant removal efficiencies of the tunnel ventilation and to evaluate accuracy of CFD studies on fan improvements.
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Chai, Lunlei, Xing Wang, Xingbo Han, Yongxu Xia, Yongdong Wang, and Ping Lei. "Optimization Method for Twin-Tunnel Complementary Ventilation Design and Its Energy Saving Effect." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (May 22, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6301041.

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Based on the compensation principle and optimization theory, an energy conservation optimization mode for twin-tunnels complementary ventilation design was proposed. And, compensation concept utilization in energy conservation of long tunnels ventilation was discussed. The energy consumption for long tunnels can be reduced significantly by remoulding longitudinal ventilation to complementary ventilation of single U-type mode or normal mode. The short-term and long-term ventilation systems of the Qingniling Tunnel, Dabieshan Tunnel, and Lianghekou Tunnel were redesigned using the optimization method, and the new scheme was compared to the original design in terms of ventilation effects, and energy consumption. In redesign, the energy consumption of short-term ventilation systems decreased 240 kW, 150 kW, and 390 kW, and energy efficiency increased by 40%, 50%, and 68.4%, respectively. In the long term, the numbers of those were 1185 kW, 1185kW, and 540 kW, and 42.5%, 58.09%, and 45%, while the pollutants concentration increased a little. The study can provide a reference for the energy efficient design of ventilation systems in long and extra-long highway tunnels.
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Rustemli, Sabir, Behcet Kocaman, and Suat Avcil. "Comparative Analysis of High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Luminaires with LED Luminaires in Tunnel Illumination." Light & Engineering, no. 04-2022 (August 2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2022-003.

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Nowadays, some roads pass through underground tunnels due to technical inadequacy and high economic costs in constructing highways, railways, and pedestrians. Tunnels are opened to pass through obstacles on the route (mountain, hill, etc.) to force the driver, disturb him, reduce the ramps that could endanger safety depending on nature’s state, and shorten travel distances. In this way, number of tunnels along with the road increases, and illuminating these tunnels with different characteristics varies day and night. Tunnel illumination calculations and applications are essential as good tunnel illumination ensures the same flow of comfort, speed, and safety as on the approaching road. Moreover, with the advancement of tunnel technology, many types of equipment are used inside and outside the tunnel, and electricity needs vary according to these types of equipment. In this research, the importance of tunnel illumination was discussed and comparative illumination analysis in 8 August tunnel in Bitlis was conducted. Illumination for the Bitlis 8 August tunnel was done using luminaires with high-pressure sodium vapor lamps, and the grid was used to generate all the energy required. In this study, the energy used by the Bitlis 8 August tunnel for illumination was obtained from the accurate data and the results were compared with the initial situation when the same system was installed using light emitting diode (LED) illumination technology.
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Li, Ting Chun, Yun Teng Yin, and Jian Zhang Liu. "Analysis on Seismic Damage Mechanism and Anti-Seismic Measures of Tunnels in Fault Fracture Zone." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2110.

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Fault fracture zone is an important factor that leads to tunnel seismic damage. In order to research failure mechanism and anti-seismic measures of tunnels across large fault fracture zone, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation has been done to Jiaozhou Bay submarine tunnel in Qingdao. The research results indicate that: in fault fracture zones, surrounding rocks instability resulting from ground motion, the huge earthquake inertial force, and the deformation energy by bedrock surface wave with macro energy all can cause damage to tunnel lining, yet the latter is the primary reason; when the differences of mass density and stiffness between tunnel lining and wall rocks become big, ductile tunnels with light weight will aggravate damage to tunnels rather than improve their anti-seismic capability; keeping stability of surrounding rocks and guaranteeing mass density and stiffness of tunnel lining to be the same as or similar to that of surrounding rocks could prevent tunnel damages in fault fracture zone, yet the latter is the most effective way. This research achievement can set particular examples for research on seismic damage mechanism and for anti-seismic design of tunnel structure in highly seismic regions.
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Chai, Lunlei, Xing Wang, Xingbo Han, Jing Song, Ping Lei, Yongxu Xia, and Yongdong Wang. "Complementary Ventilation Design Method for a Highway Twin-Tunnel Based on the Compensation Concept." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (October 14, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2393272.

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Based on the compensation concept, an improved method for twin-tunnel complementary ventilation design considering differences in key pollutants in the uphill and downhill tunnels was proposed. The results demonstrate that the scheme developed using the improved method is more energy efficient when the energy consumption of the interchange channel is included. Here, a larger design of air volume is allocated to the uphill tunnel, and the admissible pollutant concentration for its exits. The complementary ventilation system of the Qingniling Tunnel, Dabieshan Tunnel, and Lianghekou Tunnel was redesigned for long-term performance using the improved method, and the resulting scheme was compared to that designed using the current method in terms of the total required air volume, interchange air volume, ventilation effects, and energy consumption. The results show that these factors in improved method are significantly smaller than that of the current method with an allowable reduction of ventilation effects. Moreover, the total airflow required in the Qingniling Tunnel was reduced from 889.31 to 796.74 m3/s, with a decrease rate of 10.4%; the interchange air volume was reduced from 203 to 175 m3/s, and the estimated energy consumption was decreased from 2760 to 2065.9 kW. This represents a 26% improvement in energy efficiency. The proposed method can provide a reference for the energy efficient design of ventilation systems in extra-long highway tunnels.
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Han, Feng, Jigang Li, Yuancheng Cai, Qiang Wang, and Junling Qiu. "Application of Energy-Concentrated Hydraulic Blasting Technology in Tunnel Construction in China." Shock and Vibration 2022 (May 2, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4724343.

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The construction of traffic network brings opportunities to the development of tunnel construction technology. At present, the construction of rock tunnels is still dominated by drilling and blasting. There are some problems in conventional blasting, such as over and underexcavation, damage of surrounding rock, large blasting vibration, and high content of tunnel dust. The energy-concentrated hydraulic blasting technology (ECHBT) combines the advantages of energy-concentrated blasting technology (ECBT) and hydraulic blasting technology (HBT) and makes up for the defects of conventional blasting. This paper summarizes the principle of ECHBT and its application effect in tunnel construction in China. In addition to solving the problems existing in conventional blasting technology, ECHBT can also improve tunneling efficiency, can be used in special stratum tunnels, and can save construction costs. However, there are also some factors affecting the blasting effect in practical applications, which need to be paid attention to. At present, there is little theoretical research on ECHBT; with the further improvement of optimization research, it can be expected to be more widely used in the field of tunnel construction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy tunnel"

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Roberts, E. C. "Energy simulation of climatic wind tunnel plant." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7250.

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The Climatic Wind Tunnel (CWT) is a facility used by the motor industry to test vehicles under climatic extremes without the need for expensive overseas test programs. This work focuses on the application of computer simulation to the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) plant that makes up a CWT facility. The objective being to reduce its operational costs through the identification of energy saving operational strategies. When in operation the CWT has a peak power consumption of 3MW. The implementation of any measures that would reduce this peak load would give rise to considerable savings in the operating costs of the facility. Computer simulation is an accepted technique for the study of systems operating under varying load conditions. Simulation allows rapid analysis of different strategies for operating plant and the effectiveness of achieving the desired effect without compromising the buildings performance. Models for the components of the CWT have been developed and coded in Neutral Model Format. These models have then been linked together in a modular simulation environment to give a model of the complete plant. The CWT plant naturally decomposesin to four major subsystems these being the test chamber, the soakroom, air make-up and refrigeration system. Models of all the primary and secondary HVAC plant are described as is how they constitute the systems that make up the CWT. Validation tests for individual components as well as for the systems have been carried out. To illustrate the potential of the application of computer simulation into finding improved modes of operation that would reduce the energy consumption of the facility, four studies have been carried out. The studies involve the possibility of scheduling the operation of condenser fans as a function of refrigeration load and outside ambient temperature, methods for the pre-test conditioning of a vehicle, a reduction in the secondary refrigerant flow temperature and an increase in the thickness of the insulated panels from which the facility is constructed. The studies carried out showed that there was potential for moderate energy savings to be made in the operation of the facility and that extended simulation runs would allow for the in-depth assessment of a large range of possible modes of plant operation in order to identify the areas where the greatest savings are possible.
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Jerjen, Iwan. "Superconducting tunnel junctions as energy resolving single photon detectors /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17113.

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Lubitz, William David. "Near real time wind energy forecasting incorporating wind tunnel modeling /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Cavalheiro, David. "Ultra-low power circuits based on tunnel FETs for energy harvesting applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406391.

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There has been a tremendous evolution in integrated circuit technology in the past decades. With the scaling of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, faster, less power consuming and more complex chips per unit area have made possible electronic gadgets to evolve to what we see today. The increasing demand in electronic portability imposes low power consumption as a key metric to analog and digital circuit design. While dynamic power consumption decreases quadratically with the decrease of power supply voltage, leakage power presents a limitation due to the inverse sub-threshold slope (SS). A power supply reduction implies a consequent threshold voltage reduction that, given the fixed SS, cause an exponential increase in leakage current. This poses a limitation in the reduction of power consumption that is inherent to the conventional thermionicbased transistors (MOSFETS and FinFETs). In thermionic-based transistors the SS at room temperature is limited to 60 mV/dec. To circumvent the SS limitation of conventional transistors, devices with different carrier injection mechanisms independent of the thermal (Boltzmann) distribution of mobile charge carriers are required. The Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (TFET) is presented as the most promising post CMOS-technology due to its non-thermal carrier injection mechanism based on Band-To-Band Tunneling (BTBT) effect. TFETs are known as steep slope devices (SS < 60 mV/dec at room temperature). Large current gain (ION/IOFF > 105) at low voltage operation (sub-0.25 V) and extremely low leakage current have already been demonstrated, placing TFETs as serious candidates for ultra-low power and energy efficient circuit applications. TFETs have been explored mostly in digital circuits and applications. In this thesis, the use of TFETs is explored as an alternative technology also for ultra-low power and voltage conversion and management circuits, suited for weak energy harvesting (EH) sources. As TFETs are designed as reverse biased p-i-n diodes (different doping types in source/drain regions), the particular electrical characteristics under reverse bias conditions require changes in conventional circuit topologies. Rectifiers, charge pumps and power management circuits (PMC) are designed and analyzed with TFETs, evaluating their performance with the proposal of new topologies that extend the voltage/power range of operation compared to current technologies and circuit topologies. TFET-based PMCs for RF and DC EH sources are proposed and limitations (with solutions) of using TFETs in conventional inductor-based boost converters identified.
Ha habido una tremenda evolución en la tecnología de circuitos integrados en las últimas décadas. Con el escalado de transistores de metal-óxido-semiconductor (CMOS), se han hecho posibles chips más rápidos, con menos consumo de energía y más complejos con menos área y esto ha posibilitado la existencia de los aparatos electrónicos que vemos en la actualidad. La creciente demanda de portabilidad implica que el consumo de energía es un indicador clave en el diseño analógico y digital. Mientras que el consumo de potencia dinámica disminuye cuadráticamente con la disminución de la tensión de fuente de alimentación, la potencia de fugas presenta una limitación debido a la pendiente sub-umbral inverso (sub-threshold slope, SS). Una reducción de la tensión de alimentación implica una consecuente reducción de tensión umbral a fin de mantener las prestaciones que, dado el SS fijo, causa un aumento exponencial de la corriente de fuga. Esto plantea una limitación en la reducción de consumo de energía que es inherente a los transistores convencionales basados en inyección de portadores termoiónicos (MOSFETS y FinFETs). En transistores termoiónicos la SS a temperatura ambiente está limitado a 60 mV / dec. Para eludir la limitación SS de transistores convencionales se requieren dispositivos con mecanismos diferentes de inyección de portadores. El transistor túnel de efecto campo (TFET) se presenta como la tecnología más prometedora debido a su mecanismo de inyección de portadores no térmico basado en el efecto Band-To-Band Tunneling (BTBT). Los TFETs se conocen como dispositivos de alta pendiente sub-umbral (SS <60 mV / dec a temperatura ambiente). Han sido ya demostradas ganancias de corriente elevadas (ION / IOFF> 10 ^ 5) en operación de baja tensión (sub-0,25 V) y una corriente de fugas extremadamente bajo, colocando los TFETs como serios candidatos para aplicaciones de circuitos eficientes de ultra-baja potencia y energía. Los TFETs se han explorado sobre todo en circuitos digitales y aplicaciones. En esta tesis, el uso de TFETs se explora como una tecnología alternativa también para circuitos de potencia y de conversión de tensión ultra-bajas, adecuada para fuentes de energía del ambiente, usualmente muy limitadas en magnitud. Debido a que los TFETs están diseñados como diodos p-i-n en polarización inversa (hay diferente tipo de dopaje en las regiones fuente / drenador), sus características eléctricas particulares en condiciones de polarización inversa requieren cambios en las topologías de circuito convencionales. En la tesis, rectificadores, bombas de carga y circuitos de gestión de la energía (PMC) con TFETs se diseñan y analizan, realizando una evaluación de su rendimiento con la propuesta de nuevas topologías que extienden el rango de tensión y potencia de operación en comparación con tecnologías y topologías de circuitos actuales. Se proponen PMCs basados en TFET para fuentes de RF y DC y se identifican las limitaciones (con soluciones) de la utilización de TFETs en convertidores elevadores convencionales basados en inductores.
Hi ha hagut una tremenda evolució en la tecnologia de circuits integrats en les últimes dècades. Amb l'escalat de transistors de metall-òxid-semiconductor (CMOS), s'han fet possibles xips més ràpids, amb menys consum d'energia i més complexos amb menys àrea i això ha possibilitat l'existència dels aparells electrònics que veiem en l'actualitat. La creixent demanda de portabilitat implica que el consum d'energia és un indicador clau en el disseny analògic i digital. Mentre que el consum de potència dinàmica disminueix quadràticament amb la disminució de la tensió de font d'alimentació, la potència de fuites presenta una limitació a causa del pendent sub-llindar invers (sub-threshold slope, SS). Una reducció de la tensió d'alimentació implica una conseqüent reducció de tensió llindar a fi de mantenir les prestacions que, donat el SS fix, causa un augment exponencial del corrent de fuita. Això planteja una limitació en la reducció de consum d'energia que és inherent als transistors convencionals basats en injecció de portadors termoiònics (MOSFETS i FinFETs). En transistors termoiònics la SS a temperatura ambient està limitat a 60 mV / dec. Per eludir la limitació SS de transistors convencionals es requereixen dispositius amb mecanismes diferents d'injecció de portadors. El transistor túnel d'efecte camp (TFET) es presenta com la tecnologia més prometedora a causa del seu mecanisme d'injecció de portadors no tèrmic basat en l'efecte Band-To-Band Tunneling (BTBT). Els TFETs es coneixen com a dispositius d'alt pendent sots-llindar (SS <60 mV / dec a temperatura ambient). Han estat ja demostrats guanys de corrent gran (ION / IOFF> 10 ^ 5) en operació de baixa tensió (sub-0,25 V) i un corrent de fuites extremadament baix, col·locant els TFETs com a seriosos candidats per a aplicacions de circuits eficients d'ultra-baixa potència i energia. Els TFETs s'han explorat sobretot en circuits digitals i aplicacions. En aquesta tesi, l'ús de TFETs s'explora com una tecnologia alternativa també per a circuits de potència i de conversió de tensió ultra-baixes, adequada per a fonts d'energia de l'ambient, usualment molt limitades en magnitud. Degut a que els TFETs estan dissenyats com díodes p-i-n en polarització inversa (hi ha diferent tipus de dopatge en les regions font / drenador), les seves característiques elèctriques particulars en condicions de polarització inversa requereixen canvis en les topologies de circuit convencionals. En la tesi, rectificadors, bombes de càrrega i circuits de gestió de l'energia (PMC) amb TFETs es dissenyen i analitzen, realitzant una avaluació del seu rendiment amb la proposta de noves topologies que estenen el rang de tensió i potència d'operació en comparació amb tecnologies i topologies de circuits actuals. Es proposen PMCs basats en TFET per fonts de RF i DC i s'identifiquen les limitacions (amb solucions) de la utilització de TFETs en convertidors elevadors convencionals basats en inductors.
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Meng, Ping [Verfasser]. "Solid-solid recuperation to improve the energy efficiency of tunnel kilns / Ping Meng." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Magdeburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101134260X/34.

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Wang, Jialin. "Building integrated wind energy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/building-integrated-wind-energy(81978798-e68a-4189-87b0-4159b280b6e9).html.

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In considering methods of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide; there is a growing interest for use of wind power at domestic building in U.K. But the technology of wind turbines development in building environment is more complicated than in open areas. Small wind turbines in suburban areas have been reported as having unsatisfactory energy output, but it is not clear whether this is due to insufficient wind resource or low turbine efficiency. The aim of this research is to discover whether the wind resource in suburban areas is large enough for small wind turbines to produce a useful energy output.Historical wind data and manufacturers' turbine characteristics were used to estimate the hourly wind speed and energy output for different U.K. cities, terrain zones and turbines. It was found that for turbines at 10 m height in suburban areas and depending on city, the annual wind energy conversion efficiency ranged from about 20 to 40%, while the number of turbines required to produce the annual average electricity consumption of a UK dwelling ranged from about 6 for the smallest turbine (5.3 m² rotor area) to about 1 for the largest (35.26 m² rotor area).This analysis was based on average conditions, but the wind speed near buildings can vary considerably from one point to another. In order to predict the performance of wind turbines more accurately, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of suburban areas was simulated in both CFD and wind tunnel models, and models of groups of semi-detached and terraced houses were set in this ABL. It was found that at 10 m height in the area of the houses, the turbulence intensity was too high for satisfactory operation of wind turbines (19 to 35%) while the mean velocity at different points ranged from 86 to 108% of the 10m reference velocity. At 30m height the turbulence intensity was satisfactory (less than 19 %), while the mean velocity ranged from 92 to 103 % of the 30 m reference velocity. It is concluded that for wind turbines in suburban areas, at 10 m height the wind speed is too low and the turbulence is too high for satisfactory performance, while at 30 m height the wind speed is much higher and the turbulence is low enough.
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Desmond, Cian. "The consideration of forestry effects in wind energy resource assessment." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16169.

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Research focused on the reduction of uncertainties when considering the wind resource in the vicinity of forestry. This thesis examined the use of high density laser scanning technology to capture the structure of forest canopies along with the measurement of thermal effects using sonic anemometry. Methodologies were then developed to include these high quality data in Computational Fluid Dynamics software in order to allow the complex nature of forestry flows to be considered analytically.
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Wang, Fa. "Wind Farm Control for Optimal Power Generation and Fatigue Reduction: Strategies and Experimentation in Wind Tunnel." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491350425071592.

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Campos-Arriaga, Liliana. "Wind energy in the built environment : a design analysis using CFD and wind tunnel modelling approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10806/.

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Renewable energies are a critical element for reducing greenhouse gases emissions and achieving a sustainable development. Until recently, building integration of renewable sources was focused on solar technologies. Nevertheless,building integrated wind turbines can and must be part of the solution to the global energy challenge. This research investigated the potential of integrating small vertical wind turbines between medium-rise buildings. Wind velocities were measured around 7 fifteenstorey towers. The measurements were carried out for nine different configurations,using a boundary layer wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Computed and measured results showed reasonable agreement. The differences were more apparent at ground level. It was established that building orientation and the separation between buildings defines to a great extent the wind environment around buildings. It was found that a distance between buildings of 15 metres and an orientation of θ=260˚ produced the higher augmentation factors. This configuration produced up to 17,812kWh in a typical Nottingham UK year, using six vertical wind turbines of 2.5kW each. Results suggested that the use of CFD as a visualisation tool is extremely useful at design stages in projects involving the integration of wind turbines. Nevertheless, the results of CFD simulations are highly dependent on the type of roughness modification applied to the wall functions, the choice of the turbulence model and the modelling of the inlet wind velocity profile. Because servicing buildings accounts for around half of the UK’s total energy consumption, the need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels is central to good building design. That is why the architectural practice must respond professionally by delivering buildings that successfully integrate wind energy technologies, which can only be achieved if the designer actively engages with the environmental design principles and improves his understanding of building physics.
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Barassa, Jonathan, and Rickard Nordlöf. "Numerical Study on Air Demand of Free Surface Flows in a Discharge Tunnel." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414989.

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Aeration issued through a ventilation shaft is an important measure to prevent cavitation and large gauge pressure in flood discharge tunnels. In order to dimension the ventilation shaft appropriately, itis necessary to have a good understanding of the air-water flow in the tunnel. In this study, the multiphase flow through a discharge tunnel was simulated in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent. Since the flow was separated, the simulation setup used the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model, that could track the water surface. Furthermore, the so called RNG k-epsilon turbulence model was used. The CFD model was validated with measured data provided from two open channel experiments carried out on a scaled model at Sichuan University. To ensure mesh independence, grid convergence index (GCI)studies were performed for the two validating cases. After the validation, a top wall and a ventilation shaft was added to the CFD model. The flow was then simulated for four different shaft designs and four different water inlet velocities. The air demand and air supply for the various scenarios could thereby be calculated. The results of this study were also compared with previous research on multiphase flow through tunnels with similar design. It was concluded that the air flow downstream in the tunnel converged for the two larger designs. It was also concluded that the air demand in the tunnel was satisfied for the larger ventilation shafts. A smaller study on cavitation was made and the risk was considered non-existent for all the simulated cases.
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Books on the topic "Energy tunnel"

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G, Flechner Stuart, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Exploratory wind-tunnel investigation of a wingtip-mounted vortex turbine for vortex energy recovery. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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G, Flechner Stuart, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., eds. Exploratory wind-tunnel investigation of a wingtip-mounted vortex turbine for vortex energy recovery. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Wind-tunnel results of advanced high-speed propellers at takeoff, climb, and landing Mach numbers. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Wind-tunnel results of advanced high-speed propellers at takeoff, climb, and landing Mach numbers. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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M, Daguenet, Quinette J. Y, and Commission ofthe European Communities. Directorate-General Energy., eds. Realization of a tunnel-drying for fruits and vegetables using mainly solar energy =: Réalisation d'un séchoir-tunnel pour fruits et légumes avec chauffage essentiellement solaire. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Linamen, Karen Scalf. Due to rising energy costs, the light at the end of the tunnel has been turned off: How to have a happy, fabulous life even when your circumstances look dim. Grand Rapids, MI: Revell, 2008.

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Due to rising energy cost, the light at the end of the tunnel has been turned off: How to have a happy, fabulous life even when your circumstances look dim. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2008.

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Linamen, Karen Scalf. Due to rising energy costs, the light at the end of the tunnel has been turned off: How to have a happy, fabulous life even when your circumstances look dim. Grand Rapids, MI: Revell, 2008.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism. Spill at the Butler Tunnel in Pittston, PA: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, October 23, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Great Britain. Energy Efficiency Office. Improving energy efficiency of tunnel dryers. Great Britain, Energy Efficiency Office, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Energy tunnel"

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Zasso, Alberto, Alessandro Fontanella, and Marco Belloli. "3D Wind Tunnel Experiments." In Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics, 687–703. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31307-4_31.

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Boorsma, Koen. "Wind Tunnel Rotor Measurements." In Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics, 659–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31307-4_30.

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Boorsma, Koen. "Wind Tunnel Rotor Measurements." In Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05455-7_30-2.

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Ghose, Shreya, and William Lubitz. "Predicting the Interior Conditions in a High Tunnel Greenhouse." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 129–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00105-6_8.

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Vijh, Manjula, Aekta Singh, and Sujata Pandey. "Energy-Efficient Tunnel FET for Application as a Biosensor." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 181–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9280-2_22.

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Bottasso, Carlo L., and Filippo Campagnolo. "Wind Tunnel Testing of Wind Turbines and Farms." In Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics, 1077–126. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31307-4_54.

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Bottasso, Carlo L., and Filippo Campagnolo. "Wind Tunnel Testing of Wind Turbines and Farms." In Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics, 1–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05455-7_54-1.

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Yousif, Kamil M., Diyar A. Bleej, Alan I. Saeed, and Rezheen A. Bleej. "Analysis of Wind Energy Potential Inside a Tunnel Located on the Highway." In Innovative Renewable Energy, 481–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30841-4_34.

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Pringle, Spencer Allen, and Santosh K. Kurinec. "Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions as Ultra-Low-Power Computing Devices." In Energy Efficient Computing & Electronics, 157–64. Boca Raton : CRC/Taylor & Francis, [2019] | Series: Devices, circuits, & systems: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315200705-5.

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Mehmeti, F. Ali, R. Haller-Dintelmann, and V. Régnier. "Energy Flow Above the Threshold of Tunnel Effect." In Advances in Harmonic Analysis and Operator Theory, 65–76. Basel: Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0516-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Energy tunnel"

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Ionescu, A. M. "Energy efficient computing with tunnel FETs." In 2014 10th International Conference on Advanced Semiconductor Devices & Microsystems (ASDAM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asdam.2014.6998670.

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Datta, S., R. Bijesh, H. Liu, D. Mohata, and V. Narayanan. "Tunnel transistors for energy efficient computing." In 2013 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.2013.6532046.

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Vittori, Felipe, Luis Rojas-Solo´rzano, Armando J. Blanco, and Rafael Urbina. "Numerical Study of Smoke Propagation in a Simulated Fire in a Wagon Within a Subway Tunnel." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55281.

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This work deals with the numerical (CFD) analysis of the smoke propagation during fires within closed environments. It is evaluated the capacity of the emergency ventilation system in controlling the smoke propagation and minimizing the deadly impact of an eventual fire in a wagon within the Metro de Caracas subway tunnel on the passengers safety. For the study, it was chosen the tunnel section between Teatros and Nuevo Circo subway stations, which consists of two parallel independent twin tunnels, connected through a transverse passage. The tunnels are provided by a longitudinal ventilation system, integrated by a set of reversible fans located at both ends of the tunnels. Three stages were considered in the study: (a) Model set up; (b) Mesh sensitivity analysis; (c) Validation of the physical-numerical parameters to be used in the numerical model; and (d) Simulation of fire scenarios in Metro de Caracas subway stations. Stages (b)–(c), aimed to testing and calibrating the CFD tool (ANSYS-CFX10™), focused on reproducing experimental data from Vauquelin and Me´gret [1], who studied the smoke propagation in a fire within a 1:20 scale road tunnel. Stage (d) critical scenarios were established via a preliminary discussion with safety experts from Metro de Caracas, in order to reduce the computer memory and the number of simulations to be performed. The analyses assessed the reliability of escape routes and alternative paths for the evacuation of passengers. Additionally, the smoke front movement was particularly computed, as a function of time, in order to determine the possible presence of the “backlayering” phenomenon [5]. Results demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the current ventilation system in the event of a fire in the subway tunnel, and suggest new strategies to address this potentially lethal event to minimize the risks for passengers.
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Dzhusupova, R., J. F. G. Cobben, and W. L. Kling. "Zero energy tunnel: Renewable energy generation and reduction of energy consumption." In 2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upec.2012.6398546.

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Blanco, Eduardo, Javier Cueto, Joaqui´n Ferna´ndez, and Rau´l Barrio. "Numerical Simulation of the Backlayer Critical Velocity in the Memorial Tunnel Test (MTFVTP)." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55256.

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Road tunnels constitute key elements in the traffic net, especially for the long distance road transportation but also in the large urban areas. Although security preventions have permitted a relatively low index of accidents in tunnels, the analysis of the accidents in road tunnels during the last years shows an increment in both the number of cases and their gravity. In the case of fires, the control of the smoke propagation becomes crucial because the major risk for people is smoke inhalation rather than the direct exposure to the fire itself. Besides, a quick control of the fire requires that the access and evacuation routes are maintained without smoke. However, research in this field has been limited by the difficulties inherent in the problem, and so there are few experimental data available. This paper pursues the study of the control of the smoke propagation in tunnel roads with a longitudinal air stream. The methodology is based on the numerical simulation of the time evolution of the air and smoke flows induced after the onset of localized fires of different magnitude. Specifically, 10, 20, 50 and 100 MW fires were simulated. A general purpose computational fluid dynamics software is used for this investigation, due to its ability to model multi-species three-dimensional unsteady flows. The general purpose of the paper is the refinement and contrast of a numerical procedure for the simulation of fire tunnels with natural and longitudinal ventilation, as the particular case with the most complex and restrictive conditions, and the use of such procedure to study the backlayering phenomenon. The obtained results were compared with the natural and longitudinal ventilation tests of the Memorial Tunnel test as well as with previous studies.
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Tetteh, Edem Y., Eric Loth, Jim Loebig, Jessica Cummings, and Nathaniel Lilly. "The Compact Icing Research Tunnel (CIRT)." In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4002.

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Hanby, V. I., E. C. Roberts, D. W. Fletcher, and D. N. T. Jones. "Energy Simulation of a Climatic Wind Tunnel." In 1995 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1711.

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Atieh, Ahmad, Samir Al Shariff, Ali Tammas, and Muhannad Alharbi. "Novel wind tunnel for power generation." In 2014 5th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2014.6826913.

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Verhoeve, Peter, Roland H. den Hartog, Alex G. Kozorezov, Didier D. E. Martin, Axel van Dordrecht, J. K. Wigmore, and Anthony J. Peacock. "Integration time dependence of tunnel noise and energy resolution of superconducting tunnel junctions." In Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, edited by Masanori Iye and Alan F. M. Moorwood. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.460988.

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Grasso, Francesco. "ECN-G1-21 Airfoil: Design and Wind Tunnel Testing." In 33rd Wind Energy Symposium. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0992.

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Reports on the topic "Energy tunnel"

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Rode, C. Energy doubler tunnel cryogenic components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1155893.

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CALSPAN UB RESEARCH CENTER BUFFALO NY. Large Energy National Shock Tunnel (LENS), Description and Capabilities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada338839.

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B. W. Bellow, A. E. Moeller, D. Steele, S. M. Williams, R. L. Heinle, C. O. Pruneda, C. A. Velsko, et al. Department of Defense/Department of Energy joint demilitarization technology demonstration program executive summary of Phase II demonstrations: The low-pressure rocket motor burns in X-Tunnel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750891.

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Roberts, J. O., and G. Mosey. Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of a Hydroelectric Installation at the Jeddo Mine Drainage Tunnel. A Study Prepared in Partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency for the RE-Powering America's Land Initiative: Siting Renewable Energy on Potentially Contaminated Land and Mine Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068622.

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Haselbacher, Andreas, Michel Arnal, Maurizio Barbato, Alexander Fuchs, Jared Garrison, Turhan Demiray, Philipp Jenny, et al. Verbundsynthese «Stromspeicherung über adiabatische Druckluftspeicherung» des NFP «Energie». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publikation_nfp70_nfp71.2020.3.de.

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Der Verzicht auf Kernkraftwerke und der Ausbau von Solar- und Windenergie führen dazu, dass die Stromproduktion volatiler wird. Damit Strom dann zur Verfügung steht, wenn er gebraucht wird, braucht es neue Speichersysteme. Eine vielversprechende Technologie ist die adiabatische Druckluftspeicherung. Sie nutzt überschüssigen Strom aus Solar- und Windanlagen, um Umgebungsluft zu komprimieren und diese in einem unterirdischen Hohlraum zu speichern. Bei Bedarf wird die komprimierte Luft wieder expandiert; sie treibt dabei eine Turbine an und erzeugt wieder Strom. Da die bei der Komprimierung entstandene Wärme genutzt wird, beträgt die Effizienz 65 bis 75 Prozent; das ist ein ähnlicher Wert wie jener, den Pumpspeicher erreichen. Auch die Umweltverträglichkeit von Druckluftspeichern ist, gemessen am Treibhausgaspotenzial und an Schäden an Ökosystemen, vergleichbar mit jener von Pumpspeichern. Druckluftspeicher sind technisch machbar. Wichtige Komponenten wie Turbomaschinen und Wärmespeicher sind entweder bereits auf dem Markt erhältlich oder wurden in einer Pilotanlage erprobt. Der Bau von Hohlräumen ist zudem durch die Erfahrungen im Tunnel- und Kavernenbau ausgereift. Adiabatische Druckluftspeicher sind also eine effiziente, umweltverträgliche und technisch machbare Speicherlösung. Wegen der hohen Kapitalkosten sowie der unklaren wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen ist allerdings ungewiss, ob sie wirtschaftlich sein können. Dies erschwert auch die Finanzierung einer Demonstrationsanlage.
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MacKay, W. W. Energy Scaling of Spin Tune due to RHIC Snakes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/946776.

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MacKay W. W. Energy scaling of spin tune due to RHIC snakes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061930.

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Haselbacher, Andreas, Michel Arnal, Maurizio Barbato, Alexander Fuchs, Jared Garrison, Turhan Demiray, Philipp Jenny, et al. Joint synthesis “Electricity storage via adiabatic air compression” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.3.en.

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La fermeture des centrales nucléaires et le développement de l’énergie solaire et éolienne rendent la production d’électricité plus volatile. De nouveaux systèmes de stockage sont nécessaires pour s’assurer que l’électricité est disponible au moment où elle est nécessaire. Le stockage adiabatique d’air comprimé représente une technologie prometteuse. Il utilise l’excédent de production des installations solaires et éoliennes pour comprimer l’air ambiant et le stocker dans une cavité souterraine. Au besoin, l’air comprimé est à nouveau détendu et entraîne alors une turbine qui produit de l’électricité. En tirant profit de la chaleur générée lors de la compression, cette technologie atteint un rendement de 65 à 75 %, ce qui est semblable à celui obtenu avec l’accumulation par pompage. En termes de potentiel d’émission de gaz à effet de serre et de dommages aux écosystèmes, la compatibilité environnementale des réservoirs d’air comprimé est également comparable à celle des systèmes à accumulation par pompage. Les réservoirs d’air comprimé sont techniquement réalisables. Les composants importants, comme les turbomachines et les accumulateurs thermiques, sont déjà disponibles sur le marché ou ont été testés dans une installation pilote. La construction de cavités bénéficie de l’expérience acquise lors de la réalisation de tunnels et de cavernes. Les réservoirs adiabatiques d’air comprimé constituent par conséquent une solution de stockage efficace, écologique et techniquement réalisable. En raison de leurs coûts d’investissement élevés et du manque de clarté qui entoure leur cadre économique et juridique, leur rentabilité demeure toutefois incertaine. Cela complique également le financement d’une installation de démonstration.
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Montoya, Miguel A., Daniela Betancourt-Jiminez, Mohammad Notani, Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, Jeffrey P. Youngblood, Carlos J. Martinez, and John E. Haddock. Environmentally Tuning Asphalt Pavements Using Phase Change Materials. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317369.

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Environmental conditions are considered an important factor influencing asphalt pavement performance. The addition of modifiers, both to the asphalt binder and the asphalt mixture, has attracted considerable attention in potentially alleviating environmentally induced pavement performance issues. Although many solutions have been developed, and some deployed, many asphalt pavements continue to prematurely fail due to environmental loading. The research reported herein investigates the synthetization and characterization of biobased Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and inclusion of Microencapsulated PCM (μPCM) in asphalt binders and mixtures to help reduce environmental damage to asphalt pavements. In general, PCM substances are formulated to absorb and release thermal energy as the material liquify and solidify, depending on pavement temperature. As a result, PCMs can provide asphalt pavements with thermal energy storage capacities to reduce the impacts of drastic ambient temperature scenarios and minimize the appearance of critical temperatures within the pavement structure. By modifying asphalt pavement materials with PCMs, it may be possible to "tune" the pavement to the environment.
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Ptitsin, V. Fractional Tune Dependence of Dynamic Aperture for LHC at Collision Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119551.

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