Academic literature on the topic 'Energy techniques'

Over the last few years, the cost of energy from renewable resources, such as sunlight and wind, has declined resulting in an increasing use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). As a result, the energy produced by RES is fed into the power grid while their share is expected to significantly increase in the future. However, RES are characterized by power fluctuations and their integration into the power grid might lead to power quality issues, e.g., imbalances. At the same time, new energy hungry devices such as heat-pumps and Electric Vehicles (EVs) become more and more popular. As a result, their demand in power, especially during peak-times, might lead to electrical grid overloads and congestions. In order to confront the new challenges, the power grid is transformed into the so-called Smart Grid. Major role in Smart Grid plays the Demand Response (DR) concept. According to DR, Smart Grid better matches energy demand and sup- ply by using energy flexibility. Energy flexibility exists in many individual prosumers (producers and/or consumers). For instance, an owner of an EV plugs-in his EV for more time than it is actually needed. Thus, the EV charging can be timely shifted. The load demanded for charging could be moved to time periods when production from wind turbines is high or away from peak-hours. Thus, RES share is increased and/or the electrical grid operation is improved. The Ph.D. project is sponsored by the Danish TotalFlex project (http://totalflex.dk). Main goal of the TotalFlex project is to design and establish a flexibility market framework where flexibility from individual prosumers, e.g., household devices, can be traded among different market actors such as Balance Responsible Parties (BRPs) and distribution system operators. In order for that to be achieved, the TotalFlex project utilizes the flex-offer concept. Based on the flex-offer concept, flexibility from individual prosumers is captured and represented by a generic model. However, the flexible loads from individual prosumers capture very small energy amounts and thus cannot be directly traded in the market. Therefore, aggregation becomes essential. The Ph.D. project focuses on developing aggregation techniques for energy flexibilities that will provide the opportunity to individual prosumers to participate in such a flexibility market. First, the thesis introduces several flexibility measurements in order to quantify the flexibility captured by the flex-offer model and compare flex- offers among each other, both on an individual and on an aggregated level. Flexibility is both the input and the output of the aggregation techniques. Aggregation techniques aggregate energy flexibility to achieve their goals and, at the same time, they try to retain as much flexibility as possible to be traded in the market. Thus, second, the thesis describes base-line flex-offer aggregation techniques and presents balance aggregation techniques that focus on balancing out energy supply and demand. Third, since there are cases where electrical grid congestions occur, the thesis presents two constraint-based aggregation techniques. The techniques efficiently aggregate large amounts of flex-offers taking into account physical constraints of the electrical grid. The produced aggregated flex-offers are still flexible and when scheduled, a normal grid operation is achieved. Finally, the thesis examines the financial benefits of the aggregation techniques. It introduces flex-offer aggregation techniques that take into account real market technical requirements. As a result, individual small flexible loads can be indirectly traded in the energy market through aggregation. The proposed aggregation techniques for energy flexibilities can con- tribute to the use of flexibility in the Smart Grid in both current and future market frameworks. The designed techniques can improve the services offered to the prosumers and avoid the very costly upgrades of the distribution network.
Gennem de senere år er prisen faldet på energi fra vedvarende energikilder såsom sollys og vind, hvilket har medført et stigende forbrug af vedvarende energi. Dette har resulteret i, at energi, der produceret af vedvarende energi, sendes ud i elnettet og andelen forventes at stige markant i fremtiden. Vedvarende energi er imidlertid karakteriseret af effektsvingninger, og integrationen i elnettet kan føre til kvalitetsproblemer med strømmen som for eksempel uligevægt. Samtidig bliver enheder, der sluger vedvarende energi såsom varmepumper og elektriske køretøjer, mere og mere populære. Dette resulterer i, at efterspørgslen på energi, især i spidsbelastede situationer, kan medføre overbelastning og trængsel på elnettet. For at konfrontere de nye udfordringer bliver elnettet ændret til et såkaldt Smart Grid. Konceptet om udbud og efterspørgsel Demand Response (DR) spiller her en meget stor rolle. Ifølge DR, imødegår Smart Grid bedre udbud og efterspørgsel af energi ved at bruge fleksibel energi. Fleksibel energi eksisterer i mange individuelle producenter og/eller forbrugere. For eksempel tilslutter en ejer af et elektrisk køretøj sit køretøj i mere tid end det rent faktisk er nødvendigt. På denne måde kan tidspunktet for opladningen ændres rettidigt. Belastningen, der kræves for opladning, kunne flyttes til perioder, hvor produktion fra vindmøller er høj eller væk fra de spidsbelastede tidspunkter. Således øges vedvarende energi’ andel og/eller elnettets drift er forbedret. Dette Ph.D. projekt er sponsoreret af det danske TotalFlex projekt (http://totalflex.dk). TotalFlex’ formål er at designe og etablere et fleksibelt elmarkedsystem, hvor fleksibilitet fra individuelle producent og/ eller forbruger f.eks. husholdningsenheder kan blive udvekslet mellem forskellige markedsaktører såsom balanceansvarlige parter og eldistributionsnettets operatører. For at opnå dette, udnytter TotalFlex flex-offer konceptet. Baseret på konceptet om flex-offer, bliver fleksibilitet fra individuelle prosumers fanget og repræsenteret i en generisk model. Fleksible belastninger fra de individuelle prosumers fanger imidlertid kun meget små energimængder og kan ikke udveksles direkte på markedet. Derfor bliver aggregering essentielt. Ph.D. projektet fokuserer på at udvikle aggregering-steknikker for energifleksibilitet, der kan give individuelle prosumers mulighed for at deltage i et sådant fleksibilitetsmarked. Først vil afhandligen introducere adskillige fleksibilitetsmålinger for at kvantificere fleksibiliteten, der fanges af flex-offer modellen og sammenligne flex-offer med hinanden både på et individuelt og et aggregeret niveau. Input og output af aggregeringsteknikker er fleksibilitet. Aggregeringsteknikker samler energifleksibilitet for at opnå dets mål og forsøger på samme tid at beholde så meget fleksibilitet som muligt til at blive udvekslet på markedet. Herpå forsøger afhandligen for det andet at beskrive basis flexoffer aggregeringsteknikker og præsenterer balance-aggregeringsteknikker, der fokuserer på at afbalancere energiudbud og -efterspørgsel. Siden der er situationer, hvor overbelastninger af elnettet forekommer, præsenterer afhandlingen for det tredje, to begrænsningsbaserede aggregeringsteknikker. Teknikkerne samler effektivt store mængder af flex-offers og tager samtidig hensyn til fysiske begrænsninger i elnettet. De producerede, samlede flexoffers er stadig fleksible og efter det er planlagt, opnås et normaltfungerende net. Til slut vil afhandlingen undersøge de økonomiske fordele ved aggregeringsteknikkerne. Den introducerer flex-offer aggregeringsteknikkerne, der tager højde for de reelle, tekniske krav, der er på markedet. Resultatet kan være, at individuelle små fleksible belastninger indirekte kan udveksles på energimarkedet gennem aggregering. De foreslåede aggregeringsteknikker til energi-fleksibilitet kan bidrage til brug af fleksibilitet i Smart Grid i både nuværende og fremtidige markedsrammer. De designede teknikker kan forbedre de tilbudte ydelser til prosumers og undgå de meget dyre opgraderinger af distributionsnetværk
Durante los últimos años, la bajada en el precio de la energía procedente de fuentes renovables, tales como luz solar y eólica, ha resultado en un aumento del uso de este tipo de recursos de Energía Renovables (ER). Como consecuencia de este aumento, la energía producida a través de ER es inyectada en la red eléctrica y se espera que la proporción de energía suministrada a la red crezca significativamente en los próximos años. Sin embargo, las ER se caracterizan por ser muy fluctuantes y su integración en la red eléctrica podría acarrear problemas de calidad, como por ejemplo desequilibrios energéticos. Al mismo tiempo, nuevos dispositivos de alto consumo de energía, como bombas de calor y vehículos eléctricos, son cada vez mas populares y la alta demanda de estos, especialmente en horas puntas, puede crear sobrecargas y congestiones en la red. Para afrontar estos restos, la red eléctrica se transforma en la llamada Red Inteligente, dónde el concepto de respuesta a la demanda juega un papel. Esta thesis de doctorado está patrocinada por el proyecto danés TotalFlex (http://totalflex.dk). El objetivo principal de este proyecto es diseñar y establecer el marco de flexibilidad de mercado, dónde la flexibilidad de productores/consumidores, por ejemplo los dispositivos del hogar, pueda ser comercializada entre los diferentes actores del mercado como las comercializadoras de electricidad y los operadores de sistemas de distribución. Para lograr este propósito, el proyecto TotalFlex utiliza el concepto flex-offer flexibilidad en la oferta. Basado en el concepto flex-offer, la flexibilidad de consumidores y productores individuales es capturada y representada a través de un modelo genérico. Sin embargo, las cargas flexibles de estos individuos producen pequeñas cantidades de energía y, por lo tanto, no pueden ser directamente negociadas en el mercado. Esto significa que la agregación de esta energía es esencial. Este Ph.D está enfocado desarrollo de técnicas de agrega para que permitirán a productores y consumidores individuales participar en dicha. En primer lugar, esta tesis introduce medidas de flexibilidad con la finalidad de cuantificar la flexibilidad calculada por el modelo flex-offer y comparar las diferentes ofertas entre ellas, tanto a nivel individual como agregado. Flexibilidad es tanto la entrada como la salida de las técnicas de agregado, las cuáles agregan flexibilidad energética para lograr sus objetivos y, al mismo tiempo, retener la máxima flexibilidad para comerciarla en el mercado. En segundo lugar, la tesis describe la base de las tecnicas de agregado flex-offer y presenta técnicas de que se enfocan en un balance entre la oferta y la demanda energética. Tercero, dado que existen casos dónde se producen congestiones en la red eléctrica, la tesis presenta tecnicas de agregado basadas en restricciones. Dichas técnicas agregan grandes cantidades de flex-offers considerando restricciones físicas de la red eléctrica. Las flexoffers agregadas que se producen son aún flexibles y, cuando se programan, se logra una operación normal de red. Por último, en la tesis se examina los beneficios económicos de las técnicas agregadas, introduciendo técnicas de agregado flex-offer que tienen en cuenta los requisitos técnicos del mercado real. Como resultado, las pequeñas cargas individuales y flexibles pueden ser indirectamente negociadas en el mercado energético a través de la agregación. Las técnicas de agregado propuestas para favorecer la flexibildad energética puede contribuir al uso de flexibilidad en la red inteligente tanto en el presente como en el futuro. Mejorar los servicios ofrecidos a consumidores y productores así como evitar las costosas actualizaciones de la red de distribución.

The ongoing process of deregulation in energy markets changes the market from a monopoly into a complex one, in which large utilities and independent power producers are no longer suppliers with guaranteed returns but enterprisers which have to compete. This competence has forced utilities to improve their efficiency. In effect, they must still manage the challenges of physical delivery while operating in a complex market characterized by significant volatility, volumetric uncertainty and credit risk. In such an environment, risk management gains more importance than ever. In order to manage risk, first it must be measured and then this quantified risk must be utilized optimally. Using stochastic programming to construct a model for an energy company in liberalized markets is useful since it provides a generic framework to model the uncertainties and enable decisions that will perform well. However, the resulting stochastic programming problem is a large-scale one and decomposition techniques are needed to solve them.

The emerging general purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) computing has tremendously speeded up a great variety of commercial and scientific applications. The GPUs have become prevalent accelerators in current high performance clusters. Though the computational capacity per Watt of the GPUs is much higher than that of the CPUs, the hybrid GPU clusters still consume enormous power. To conserve energy on this kind of clusters is of critical significance. In this thesis, we seek energy conservative computing on the GPU accelerated servers. We introduce our studies as follows. First, we dissect the GPU memory hierarchy due to the fact that most of the GPU applications are suffering from the GPU memory bottleneck. We find that the conventional CPU cache models cannot be applied on the modern GPU caches, and the microbenchmarks to study the conventional CPU cache become invalid for the GPU. We propose the GPU-specified microbenchmarks to examine the GPU memory structures and properties. Our benchmark results verify that the design goal of the GPU has transformed from pure computation performance to better energy efficiency. Second, we investigate the impact of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), a successful energy management technique for CPUs, on the GPU platforms. Our experimental results suggest that GPU DVFS is still promising in conserving energy, but the patterns to save energy strongly differ from those of the CPU. Besides, the effect of GPU DVFS depends on the individual application characteristics. Third, we derive the GPU DVFS power and performance models from our experimental results, based on which we find the optimal GPU voltage and frequency setting to minimize the energy consumption of a single GPU task. We then study the problem of scheduling multiple tasks on a hybrid CPU-GPU cluster to minimize the total energy consumption by GPU DVFS. We design an effective offline scheduling algorithm which can reduce the energy consumption significantly. At last, we combine the GPU DVFS and dynamic resource sleep (DRS), another energy management technique, to further conserve the energy, for the online task scheduling on hybrid clusters. Though the idle energy consumption increases significantly compared to the offline problem, our online scheduling algorithm still achieves more than 30% of energy conservation with appropriate runtime GPU DVFS readjustments.

Mobile data offloading has been proposed as a solution for the network congestion problem that is continuously aggravating due to the increase in mobile data demand. The concept of offloading refers to the exploitation of network heterogeneity with the objective to mitigate the load of the cellular network infrastructure. In this thesis a multicast protocol for short range networks that exploits the characteristics of physical layer network coding is presented. In the proposed protocol, named CooPNC, a novel cooperative approach is provided that allows collision resolutions with the use of an indirect inter-network cooperation scheme. Through this scheme, a reliable multicast protocol for partially overlapping short range networks with low control overhead is provided. It is shown that with CooPNC, higher throughput and energy efficiency are achieved, while it presents lower delay compared to state-of-the-art multicast protocols. A detailed description of the proposed protocol is provided, with a simple scenario of overlapping networks and also for a generalised scalable scenario. Through mathematical analysis and simulations it is proved that CooPNC presents significant performance gains compared to other state-of-the-art multicast protocols for short range networks. In order to reveal the performance bounds of Physical Layer Network Coding, the so-called Cross Network is investigated under diverse Network Coding (NC) techniques. The impact of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer fairness on the throughput performance of the network is provided, for the cases of pure relaying, digital NC with and without overhearing and physical layer NC with and without overhearing. A comparison among these techniques is presented and the throughput bounds, caused by MAC layer limitations, are discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that significant coding gains are achieved with digital and physical layer NC and the energy efficiency performance of each NC case is presented, when applied on the Cross Network.In the second part of this thesis, the uplink offloading using IP Flow Mobility (IFOM) is also investigated. IFOM allows a LTE mobile User Equipment (UE) to maintain two concurrent data streams, one through LTE and the other through WiFi access technology, that presents uplink limitations due to the inherent fairness design of IEEE 802.11 DCF. To overcome these limitations, a weighted proportionally fair bandwidth allocation algorithm is proposed, regarding the data volume that is being offloaded through WiFi, in conjunction with a pricing-based rate allocation algorithm for the rest of the data volume needs of the UEs that are transmitted through the LTE uplink. With the proposed approach, the energy efficiency of the UEs is improved, and the offloaded data volume is increased under the concurrent use of access technologies that IFOM allows. In the weighted proportionally fair WiFi bandwidth allocation, both the different upload data needs of the UEs, along with their LTE spectrum efficiency are considered, and an access mechanism is proposed that improves the use of WiFi access in uplink offloading. In the LTE part, a two-stage pricing-based rate allocation is proposed, under both linear and exponential pricing approaches, with the objective to satisfy all offloading UEs regarding their LTE uplink access. The existence of a malicious UE is also considered that aims to exploit the WiFi bandwidth against its peers in order to upload less data through the energy demanding LTE uplink and a reputation based method is proposed to combat its selfish operation. This approach is theoretically analysed and its performance is evaluated, regarding the malicious and the truthful UEs in terms of energy efficiency. It is shown that while the malicious UE presents better energy efficiency before being detected, its performance is significantly degraded with the proposed reaction method.
La derivación del tráfico de datos móviles (en inglés data offloading) ha sido propuesta como una solución al problema de la congestión de la red, un problema que empeora continuamente debido al incremento de la demanda de datos móviles. El concepto de offloading se entiende como la explotación de la heterogeneidad de la red con el objetivo de mitigar la carga de la infraestructura de las redes celulares. En esta tesis se presenta un protocolo multicast para redes de corto alcance (short range networks) que explota las características de la codificación de red en la capa física (physical layer network coding). En el protocolo propuesto, llamado CooPMC, se implementa una solución cooperativa que permite la resolución de colisiones mediante la utilización de un esquema indirecto de cooperación entre redes. Gracias a este esquema, se consigue un protocolo multicast fiable i con poco overhead de control para redes de corto alcance parcialmente solapadas. Se demuestra que el protocolo CooPNC consigue una mayor tasa de transmisión neta (throughput) y una mejor eficiencia energética, a la vez que el retardo se mantiene por debajo del obtenido con los protocolos multicast del estado del arte. La tesis ofrece una descripción detallada del protocolo propuesto, tanto para un escenario simple de redes solapadas como también para un escenario general escalable. Se demuestra mediante análisis matemático y simulaciones que CooPNC ofrece mejoras significativas en comparación con los protocolos multicast para redes de corto alcance del estado del arte. Con el objetivo de encontrar los límites de la codificación de red en la capa física (physical layer network coding), se estudia el llamado Cross Network bajo distintas técnicas de Network Coding (NC). Se proporciona el impacto de la equidad (fairness) de la capa de control de acceso al medio (Medium Access Control, MAC), para los casos de repetidor puro (pure relaying), NC digital con y sin escucha del medio, y NC en la capa física con y sin escucha del medio. En la segunda parte de la tesis se investiga el offloading en el enlace ascendente mediante IP Flow Mobility (IFOM). El IFOM permite a los usuarios móviles de LTE mantener dos flujos de datos concurrentes, uno a través de LTE y el otro a través de la tecnología de acceso WiFi, que presenta limitaciones en el enlace ascendente debido a la equidad (fairness) inherente del diseño de IEEE 802.11 DCF. Para superar estas limitaciones, se propone un algoritmo proporcional ponderado de asignación de banda para el volumen de datos derivado a través de WiFi, junto con un algoritmo de asignación de tasa de transmisión basado en pricing para el volumen de datos del enlace ascendente de LTE. Con la solución propuesta, se mejora la eficiencia energética de los usuarios móviles, y se incrementa el volumen de datos que se pueden derivar gracias a la utilización concurrente de tecnologías de acceso que permite IFOM. En el algoritmo proporcional ponderado de asignación de banda de WiFi, se toman en consideración tanto las distintas necesidades de los usuarios en el enlace ascendente como su eficiencia espectral en LTE, y se propone un mecanismo de acceso que mejora el uso de WiFi para el tráfico derivado en el enlace ascendente. En cuanto a la parte de LTE, se propone un algoritmo en dos etapas de asignación de tasa de transmisión basada en pricing (con propuestas de pricing exponencial y lineal) con el objetivo de satisfacer el enlace ascendente de los usuarios en LTE. También se contempla la existencia de usuarios maliciosos, que pretenden utilizar el ancho de banda WiFi contra sus iguales para transmitir menos datos a través del enlace ascendente de LTE (menos eficiente energéticamente). Para ello se propone un método basado en la reputación que combate el funcionamiento egoísta (selfish).

ABSTRACT Our environment is an asset to be managed carefully and is not an expendable resource to be taken for granted. The main original contribution of this thesis is in formulating intelligent techniques and simulating case studies to demonstrate the significance of the present approach for achieving a low carbon economy. Energy boosts crop production, drives industry and increases employment. Wise energy use is the first step to ensuring sustainable energy for present and future generations. Energy services are essential for meeting internationally agreed development goals. Energy management system lies at the heart of all infrastructures from communications, economy, and society’s transportation to the society. This has made the system more complex and more interdependent. The increasing number of disturbances occurring in the system has raised the priority of energy management system infrastructure which has been improved with the aid of technology and investment; suitable methods have been presented to optimize the system in this thesis. Since the current system is facing various problems from increasing disturbances, the system is operating on the limit, aging equipments, load change etc, therefore an improvement is essential to minimize these problems. To enhance the current system and resolve the issues that it is facing, smart grid has been proposed as a solution to resolve power problems and to prevent future failures. This thesis argues that smart grid consists of computational intelligence and smart meters to improve the reliability, stability and security of power. In comparison with the current system, it is more intelligent, reliable, stable and secure, and will reduce the number of blackouts and other failures that occur on the power grid system. Also, the thesis has reported that smart metering is technically feasible to improve energy efficiency. In the thesis, a new technique using wavelet transforms, floating point genetic algorithm and artificial neural network based hybrid model for gaining accurate prediction of short-term load forecast has been developed. Adopting the new model is more accuracy than radial basis function network. Actual data has been used to test the proposed new method and it has been demonstrated that this integrated intelligent technique is very effective for the load forecast. Choosing the appropriate algorithm is important to implement the optimization during the daily task in the power system. The potential for application of swarm intelligence to Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) has been shown in this thesis. After making the comparison of the results derived from swarm intelligence, improved genetic algorithm and a conventional gradient-based optimization method, it was concluded that swam intelligence is better in terms of performance and precision in solving optimal reactive power dispatch problems.

La récupération d'énergie par élément piézoélectrique est une technique prometteuse pour les futurs systèmes électroniques nomades autoalimentés. L'objet de ce travail est d’analyser des approches simples et agiles d’optimisation de la puissance produite par un générateur piézoélectrique. D'abord le problème de l’optimisation de l’impédance de charge d’un générateur piézoélectrique sismique est posé. Une analyse du schéma équivalent global de ce générateur a été menée sur la base du schéma de Mason. Il est démontré que la puissance extraite avec une charge complexe adaptée puisse être constante quelle que soit la fréquence et que de plus elle est égale à la puissance extraite avec la charge résistive adaptée du même système sans pertes. Il est montré toutefois que la sensibilité de cette adaptation à la valeur de la réactance de la charge la rend difficilement réaliste pour une application pratique. Une autre solution pour améliorer l’énergie extraite est de considérer un réseau de générateurs positionnés en différents endroits d’une structure. Des simulations sont proposées dans une configuration de récupération d’énergie de type directe sur une plaque encastrée. Les générateurs piézoélectriques, associés à la technique SSHI, ont été reliés selon différentes configurations. Les résultats attestent que l’énergie produite ne dépend pas de façon critique de la manière dont sont connectés les éléments. Toutefois l’utilisation d’un seul circuit SSHI pour l’ensemble du réseau dégrade l’énergie extraite du fait des interactions entre les trop nombreuses commutations. Enfin une nouvelle approche non-linéaire est étudiée qui permet l’optimisation de l’énergie extraite tout en gardant une grande simplicité et des possibilités d’auto alimentation. Cette technique appelée S3H pour « Synchronized Serial Switch Harvesting » n’utilise pas d’inductance et consiste en un simple interrupteur en série avec l’élément piézoélectrique. La puissance récupérée est le double de celle extraite par les méthodes conventionnelles et reste totalement invariante sur une large gamme de résistances de charge
Piezoelectric energy harvesting is a promising technique for battery-less miniature electronic devices. The object of this work is to evaluate simple and robust approaches to optimize the extracted power. First, a lightweight equivalent circuit derived from the Mason equivalent circuit is proposed. It’s a comprehensive circuit, which is suitable for piezoelectric seismic energy harvester investigation and power optimization. The optimal charge impedance for both the resistive load and complex load are given and analyzed. When complex load type can be implemented, the power output is constant at any excitation frequency with constant acceleration excitation. This power output is exactly the maximum power that can be extracted with matched resistive load without losses. However, this wide bandwidth optimization is not practical due to the high sensitivity the reactive component mismatch. Another approach to improve power extraction is the capability to implement a network of piezoelectric generators harvesting on various frequency nodes and different locations on a host structure. Simulations are conducted in the case of direct harvesting on a planar structure excited by a force pulse. These distributed harvesters, equipped with nonlinear technique SSHI (Synchronized Switching Harvesting on Inductor) devices, were connected in parallel, series, independently and other complex forms. The comparison results showed that the energy output didn’t depend on the storage capacitor connection method. However, only one set of SSHI circuit for a whole distributed harvesters system degrades the energy scavenging capability due to switching conflict. Finally a novel non-linear approach is proposed to allow optimization of the extracted energy while keeping simplicity and standalone capability. This circuit named S3H for “ Synchronized Serial Switch Harvesting” does not rely on any inductor and is constructed with a simple switch. The power harvested is more than twice the conventional technique one on a wide band of resistive load

The flow-induced vibration is one of the most common vibrational phenomena in the ambient environment, on which the previous studies were mainly dealing with methodologies as to how to control and reduce vibrations of objects in the flow field. Facing the growing demand of the power supply of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the energy harvesting technique utilizing multifaceted dynamic effects incurred within natural water flows is a new and meaningful area worth of further research. In this thesis, two novel strategies of the flow-induced vibration energy harvesting techniques were proposed and investigated. One is focused on the flow pattern control with the creative layouts of the bluff bodies. The other could harvest the energy from the reciprocating water flows with the utilization of the torsional vibration mode of the energy harvester. Both methods were firstly proposed and verified in this thesis. The work could not only develop the power output of the energy harvester, but also be applied in the actual hostile ambient environment. The contributions to the research provided by this thesis were made also on the optimization of the proposed topologies with numerous experimental, analytical and computational approaches. The detailed characteristics were investigated and concluded in the thesis to promote the applications of the technologies. The energy storage system was also studied and tested.