Dissertations / Theses: 'Energy social science'

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Weaver, Anne. "The Social Acceptance of Community Solar| A Portland Case Study." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600285.

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Community solar is a renewable energy practice that’s been adopted by multiple U.S. states and is being considered by many more, including the state of Oregon. A recent senate bill in Oregon, called the “Clean Electricity and Coal Transition Plan”, includes a provision that directs the Oregon Public Utility Commission to establish a community solar program for investor-owned utilities by late 2017. Thus, energy consumers in Portland will be offered participation in community solar projects in the near future. Community solar is a mechanism that allows ratepayers to experience both the costs and benefits of solar energy while also helping to offset the proportion of fossil-fuel generated electricity in utility grids, thus aiding climate change mitigation.

For community solar to achieve market success in the residential sector of Portland, ratepayers of investor-owned utilities must socially accept this energy practice. The aim of this study was to forecast the potential social acceptance of community solar among Portland residents by measuring willingness to participate in these projects. Additionally, consumer characteristics, attitudes, awareness, and knowledge were captured to assess the influence of these factors on intent to enroll in community solar. The theory of planned behavior, as well as the social acceptance, diffusion of innovation, and dual-interest theories were frameworks used to inform the analysis of community solar adoption. These research objectives were addressed through a mixed-mode survey of Portland residents, using a stratified random sample of Portland neighborhoods to acquire a gradient of demographics. 330 questionnaires were completed, yielding a 34.2% response rate.

Descriptive statistics, binomial logistic regression models, and mean willingness to pay were the analyses conducted to measure the influence of project factors and demographic characteristics on likelihood of community solar participation. Roughly 60% of respondents exhibited interest in community solar enrollment. The logistic regression model revealed the percent change in utility bill (essentially the rate of return on the community solar investment) as a dramatically influential variable predicting willingness to participate. Community solar project scenarios also had a strong influence on willingness to participate: larger, cheaper, and distant projects were preferred over small and expensive local projects. Results indicate that community solar project features that accentuate affordability are most important to energy consumers. Additionally, demographic characteristics that were strongly correlated with willingness to enroll were politically liberal ideologies, higher incomes, current enrollment in green utility programs, and membership in an environmental organization. Thus, the market acceptance of community solar in Portland will potentially be broadened by emphasizing affordability over other features, such as community and locality.

Additionally, I explored attitudinal influences on interest in community solar by conducting exploratory factor analysis on attitudes towards energy, climate change, and solar barriers and subsequently conducting binomial logistic regression models. Results found that perceiving renewable energy as environmentally beneficial was positively correlated with intent to enroll in community solar, which supported the notion that environmental attitudes will lead to environmental behaviors. The logistic regression model also revealed a negative correlation between community solar interest and negative attitudes towards renewable energy. Perceptions of solar barriers were mild, indicating that lack of an enabling mechanism may be the reason solar continues to be underutilized in this region.

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MOULTA-ALI, UMAR ABDULLAH. "Energy / Mineral Rentierism And Global Civil Conflict, 1991-1999." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218712470.

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Hagley, Paige E. "Empowerment, Uncertainty, and Perceived Impacts of Shale Energy Development in Eastern Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511873619234342.

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Perman, Karin. "Från el till värme : en diskursanalytisk policystudie av energiomställning på statlig, kommunal och hushållsnivå." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2533.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyse how space heating for single-family houses, and energy system conversion has been constructed and discussed at national, municipal and household levels. Political documents have been studied, and interviews have been carried out with politicians, civil servants and householders in the municipality of Falun. In order to study and analyse similarities and differences between these three political levels, the following main questions were asked: In which sense is the use of electrical heating formulated as problematic? How are the causes of these problems presented, and which solutions are suggested? What are the effects of how problems, causes and solutions are constructed? At the national level, the use of electricity produced by nuclear power was considered a problem. Initially the municipality’s policy documents present the same problem, but there is a change of focus to the problem of imported electricity produced by fossil fuel, and the resulting emissions. At household level, the problem was often an old and badly functioning space-heating system. But some households did not formulate a problem before they converted. Instead they were influenced by their neighbours and thereby convinced. At all three political levels, there is consensus on the households’ responsibility concerning energy transition. While industry tends to be considered incapable of cutting down its energy consumption, households are expected to take the responsibility seriously. Furthermore, within the household, the heating system tends to be constructed as a predominantly male concern. At all three levels, households are perceived as dependant on economical subsidies when taking the decision to convert from electrical heating. Although it is interesting that the interviewed householders only apply this view to others than themselves. They are convinced that other households need subsidies to act in an environmentally correct way. The discourse concerning the Swedish energy transition illustrates a shift away from a definition of ecological modernisation where environmental considerations influence economic development. The thesis clearly shows how economic arguments repeatedly influence environmental concerns. However, the tension between the two is played down and concealed through the lack of problematisation of the responsibility of industry, and through the focus on the need for education and future opportunities. Political dialogues concerning the use of electrical heating and the conversion of energy systems towards more renewable energies are dominated by economic arguments at the three levels. One effect of this is an assumption that energy policy instruments such as information and economic subsidies are essential for the energy transition. However, if householders rather are influenced by their neighbours should the government use economic subsidy as the main energy policy instrument?

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Keirstead, James. "Behavioural responses to photovoltaic systems in the UK domestic sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f4da2e2c-c118-482f-aa57-44fdd0afbc4f.

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Microgeneration technologies, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), have recently been cited as a potential solution to energy policy challenges such as climate change and security of supply. International evidence suggests that the benefit of a PV installation will depend on both the amount of electricity generated and the technology’s influence on energy consumption behaviour. This study seeks to quantify and explain this ‘double-dividend’ effect by examining photovoltaics in the UK domestic sector. Questionnaire and interview data were collected from owner-occupier PV households, revealing that the installation of PV increased awareness of electricity generation and consumption in the home. Guided by monitoring devices, an overall electricity saving (~8%) and load-shifting behaviours were observed. Although the installation of PV followed a series of other energy-saving measures, respondents showed an ongoing commitment to environmentally responsible behaviour and further reduction of the carbon footprint of household energy consumption. PV household electricity data and interviews with industry and government found that electricity tariffs, metering and other institutional constraints were important determinants of a household’s behavioural response. As these parts of the domestic PV system are largely still evolving, it is recommended that households and industry work together to develop systems that support sustainable electricity use, for both the early adopting households studied here and future adopters.

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Camelo, Ana Paula 1985. "A construção social do risco e o controverso programa nuclear brasileiro : entre o científico, o político e o público." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287782.

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Orientador: Marko Synésio Alves Monteiro
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camelo_AnaPaula_D.pdf: 3370664 bytes, checksum: 4bee39bffba4acbf3a874b2e87c4ec77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o Programa Nuclear Brasileiro (PNB) tendo como referência o acidente nuclear de Fukushima. Seu principal objetivo é analisar de que maneira o acidente japonês impactou o PNB. A fim de responder a essa questão, o programa será analisado dentro de um recorte de 10 anos (2004-2014). A reflexão proposta nesta tese está baseada no referencial dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia (ESCT), que possibilita a compreensão de controvérsias sociotécnicas para além do determinismo social ou tecnológico. Por meio da mobilização de conceitos como enquadramento, imaginário sociotécnico, risco e governança de Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T), a pesquisa revela como a controvérsia aqui analisada resultou na oportunidade de se examinar não somente aspectos econômicos, tecnológicos, ambientais acerca da energia nuclear, mas também suas dimensões e desafios políticos. Dentre esses desafios e, a partir de perspectivas bem distintas, emergem questionamentos sobre o papel que a energia nuclear desempenha no contexto brasileiro, o futuro do programa e o processo decisório a respeito dessas questões. Apesar da proposta central do trabalho ser essencialmente sobre risco, PNB e o contexto brasileiro, é preciso assinalar que é impossível considerá-la de maneira isolada do que se dá internacionalmente. O trabalho, assim, identifica as principais implicações de Fukushima no contexto internacional, mas está centrado nas disputas instauradas acerca de uma possível revisão do PNB. Destaca, além disso, como as controvérsias sociotécnicas, a exemplo da energia nuclear, demandam ou impõem a discussão sobre a governança da ciência e da tecnologia e do risco no sentido de reconhecer e engajar diferentes atores da sociedade no processo de decisão sobre questões que são complexas. Toda essa reflexão é feita a partir da análise multissituada que possibilitou seguir a polêmica em torno da energia nuclear, reaquecida pelo acidente de Fukushima. Nesse sentido, multiplicidade de dados e atores foi considerada com o intuito de capturar possíveis disputas instauradas em torno do programa e do seu futuro
Abstract: This research aims to investigate the Brazilian Nuclear Program (PNB) stating as reference the Fukushima nuclear accident. Its main purpose is to analyze how the Japanese accident impacted the PNB. Therefore, the program will be analyzed within 10-years (2004-2014) in order to answer this question. The discussion launched in this thesis is based on the framework of the Social Studies of Science and Technology, which enables the understanding of socio-technical controversies beyond the social or technological determinism. Through the discussion of the concepts of framings, socio-technical imaginary, risk and governance of science and technology, the research shows how the controversy in focus has resulted in the opportunity to consider not only economic, technological, environmental issues about nuclear energy but also its political dimensions and challenges. Among these challenges, and from very different perspectives, we identified questions about the role nuclear energy plays in the Brazilian context, the future of the program and the decision-making process on these issues. Despite the central purpose of this study is essentially on risks, PNB and on the Brazilian context, it should be pointed that it is impossible to consider it in isolation of what is happening internationally (considering interests, tensions, relations between actors, etc.) The research thereby identifies key implications of Fukushima in the international context but focuses on the disputes regarding possible review of the PNB. It also highlights how the socio-technical controversies, such as the nuclear energy, demand or impose a discussion on the governance of science and technology, risk and on the engagement of different sectors and actors in decision-making on issues, that are at the same time about energy, technology and nationality relevance. All this reflection is made from a multi-sited analysis, which allowed following the controversy surrounding nuclear energy, reheated by the Fukushima accident. A variety of data and actors were considered in this sense, in order to capture possible disputes introduced around the program and its future
Doutorado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Doutora em Política Científica e Tecnológica

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Scaife, Wendy A. "Transforming human energy to power for change : development principles for charitable health organisations seeking to optimise community and other support of Australian medical science." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36364/1/36364_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Pehlivanian, Sophie. "Histoire de l'énergie solaire en France : science, technologies et patrimoine d'une filière d'avenir." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH023.

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Ce travail tente de dresser une histoire de l'énergie solaire par l'étude de ses patrimoines au sein du territoire national. Par patrimoine, on entend aussi bien les ouvrages mobiliers ou immobiliers, que le patrimoine mémoriel des écrits et des témoignages qui étayent l'histoire scientifique, sociale, économique et politique de cette source d'énergie à travers l'histoire d'un pays entier. Le soleil, qui a toujours fasciné les civilisations, constitue une ressource majeure et inépuisable en termes d'énergie. Son exploitation s'oppose, par essence, à celle des énergies fossiles. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la manière dont les technologies de l'énergie solaire ont été promues selon la situation politique du pays, analyse s'appuyant principalement sur l'état des lieux et l'étude du patrimoine qui y est attaché, lui-même étant souvent lié aux avancées scientifiques que connaît le secteur. Les recherches sur la captation des rayons solaires en vue de produire de la chaleur ou de l'électricité ont connu de très graves périodes de crise, déterminantes pour l'avenir de ce qui a parfois été qualifié de filière industrielle au cours du second vingtième siècle. Les chercheurs français ont alors largement contribué à l'avancée des techniques, à l'échelle mondiale. Au cours des années 1970, les orientations de la politique énergétique française contribuent à modifier l'intérêt d'un pays tout entier pour les technologies solaires. De nombreux nouveaux enjeux incarnent alors les applications de l'énergie solaire devenues objet de communication, et cristallisant des oppositions telles que le combat écologiste. Aujourd'hui, la France se situe largement en retrait par rapport aux autres pays. La recherche solaire française de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, malgré son importance historique, est très peu représentée dans les rencontres internationales et reste parfaitement méconnue. Ce phénomène questionne sur les orientations que les dirigeants français successifs ont imposées à la filière solaire. L'énergie solaire incarnait-elle, en tant que « filière d'avenir », une utopie ? Était-elle relayée, depuis les débuts de son utilisation scientifique, comme solution ayant une possibilité d'application à l'échelle industrielle ? Cette thèse soulève des questionnements sur les diverses périodes d'engouement qui ont permis d'envisager l'énergie solaire comme une réelle solution énergétique, en tentant d'analyser les typologies des patrimoines qui caractérisent cette source d'énergie, tant dans le grand public que dans les milieux scientifiques
This study attempts to give a History of solar energy, through the studying of his Heritage, in France. In this study, Heritage means both movable and immovable objects, the memorial heritage writings and testimony that support the scientific, social, political and economic source of energy through the history of an entire country. The sun, which has always fascinated civilizations, is a major and inexhaustible resource in terms of energy. This thesis focuses on how the technology of solar energy have been promoted according to the political situation of the country. The analysis is mainly based on the inventory and study of the heritage attached to scientific advances. Researches on capturing sunlight to produce heat or electricity have known very serious times of crisis, crucial to the future of what has sometimes been considered, during the second half of the twentieth century, as an industrial sector. French researchers then contributed to the advancement of technology, worldwide. In 1970, the guidelines of the French energy policy contribute to changing the interest of the whole country for solar technologies. Many new challenges for the applications of solar energy, which have become subject of communication and which also crystallize oppositions, such as the environmentalists battle. Today, France is far behind compared to many other occidental countries. The French solar research of the second half of the twentieth century, despite its historical importance, is very poorly represented in international forums and remains unrecognised. This phenomenon questions about directions that successive French leaders have imposed on the solar industry. Does solar energy, as a "sector of the future", is a utopia? Was it relayed, since the beginning of its scientific use, as a possible industrial solution? This thesis raises questions about the various periods of enthusiasm that led to consider solar energy as a real solution, in opposition to the lack of interest that this source of energy has suffered, trying to analyze the typologies of heritage which characterize this source of energy in both the public and the scientific community

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Lam, Cho-lung, and 林楚龍. "The effect of some common teaching strategies used in issues educationon secondary school students' attitudes towards nuclear power." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31957183.

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Ofoegbu, Chidiebere. "An evaluation of the socio-economic impact of timber production with and without the inclusion of biomass energy production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4111.

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Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The discussion on climate change is leading to a re-evaluation of tree plantations in South Africa; prompting the adoption of forest bioenergy system as one of the cost effective ‘carbon mitigation options’. In an analysis of this changing paradigm, emphasis was placed on the socio-economic aspects of integrated commercial tree plantations and forest bioenergy systems with special attention to harvest residues recovery for bioelectricity production and construction and operation of a bioelectricity plant. The study also explored the direct and indirect benefits that adjacent communities derive from tree plantations in South Africa in order to determine the potential impact of integrated timber and bioelectricity production on rural livelihood and conventional forestry operations. Structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used in randomly sampling twelve villages on Mondi tree plantations in the Piet Retief and Iswepe areas of South Africa. Six villages from each area were selected; and a systematic random sampling of ten households per village was carried out. The possibility of using harvest residues from final clear felling from these plantations for bioelectricity production was examined. The study developed and described a scenario for a five megawatt bioelectricity generation facility, requiring an annual volume of 19,569.85 dry tonnes of residues as feedstock for its operation. The study revealed that adjacent rural communities to Mondi plantations in Piet Retief and Iswepe areas enjoy direct benefits such as employment opportunities, utilization of harvest residues, utilization of non-timber resources, and free accommodation. Indirect benefits that these communities enjoy include: free farmland and graze-land and various social benefits. Issues of concern and dislike such as: lack of electricity; poor health and sanitation and transportation problems were also identified. Using NPV and IRR, the study estimated the economic impacts of integrated pulpwood and bioelectricity production, compared to conventional pulpwood production operation. The study concluded that integrated pulpwood and harvest residue recovery for bioelectricity production is a profitable means of producing renewable energy. The approach was found to increase the profitability of conventional forest operations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besprekings rondom klimaatsverandering lei tot ‘n her-evaluasie van boom plantasies in Suid Afrika wat aanleiding gee tot die aanvaarding van bio-energie stelsels as een van die koste effektiewe “koolstof versagtende opsies”. In ‘n ontleding van hierdie paradigma verandering, is klem geplaas op die sosio-ekonomiese aspekte van die integrasie van boom plantasies en bos bio-energie stelsels. Spesiale aandag is gegee aan onginningsafval herwinning vir bio-energie produksie en die konstruksie en werking van ‘n bio-elektriese kragsentrale. Die studie ondersoek ook die direkte en indirekte voordele wat gemeenskappe, aangrensend aan boom plantasies in Suid Afrika verkry, om sodoende die potensiële effek van geintegreerde hout en bio-elektriese produksie op landelike lewensbestaan en konvensionele bosbou operasies te bepaal. Gestruktureerde vraelyste en indiepte onderhoude is gebruik om ‘n lukraakte steekproef van twaalf dorpies op Mondi boom plantasies in die Piet Retief en Iswepe areas van Suid Afrika uit te voer. Ses dorpies in elke area is gekies en ‘n sistematiese lukraakte steekproef van tien huishoudings per dorpie is uitgevoer. Die moontlikheid om ontginningsafval van finale kaalkap van hierdie plantasies vir bio-elektrisiteit te gebruik is ook ondersoek. Die studie het ‘n senario ontwikkel en beskryf van ‘n vyf megawatt bio-elektriese kragsentrale wat ‘n jaarlikse volume van 11,708 droë ton ontginningsafval benodig as voermateriaal vir kragopwekking. Die studie het getoon dat aangrensende landelike gemeenskappe langs Mondi plantasies in die Piet Retief en Iswepe areas direkte voordele soos werksgeleenthede, gebruik van ontginningsafval, gebruik van nie-hout hulpbronne en gratis akkommodasie geniet. Indirekte voordele wat gemeenskappe geniet sluit in gratis toegang to landbou grond en weiding, sowel as sosiale voordele. Probleemfaktore waarmee hulle saamleef is ‘n gebrek aan elektrisiteit, swak gesondheids en sanitasie dienste en vervoerprobleme. Deur die gebruik van NPV en IRR analitiese metodes is die ekonomiese impak van geintegreerde pulphout en bio-elektrisiteits produksie bepaal en vergelyk met konfensionele pulphout produksie. Die gevolgtrekking is dat geintegreerde pulphout en ontginningsafval herwinning vir bio-elektrisiteit produksie ‘n winsgewende manier van hernubare energie produksie is. Die benadering kan die winsgewendheid van konfensionele bosbou operasies verbeter.

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Kök-Kalaycı, İrem. "Politics of transparency : contested spaces of corporate responsibility, science and regulation in shale gas projects of the UK and the US." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:79f34c61-709d-44f1-ae1c-c298cd4cb07c.

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This thesis presents a political geography of transparency, regulation and resource making in shale gas projects in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). The emergence of shale gas as a politically and economically desirable resource occupied national political aspirations, most notably in the US and to some extent in the UK, for reasons of energy security and economic development. Although shale gas has become a globally desirable resource, this thesis shows that the resource is not same everywhere. Following knowledge making practices in distinct regulatory regimes of the UK and the US, I trace how making of shale gas resource is subjected to contestation in a range of technical fields, such as law, economics, geosciences and environmental impact assessment. The study is based on in-depth analysis of technical and policy documents, and interviews with a wide range of actors (i.e. regulators, gas companies, investors, scientists, landowners), and field visits in the US (New York, Pennsylvania and Texas) and the UK (Lancashire, Litchfield and London). Drawing on theoretical insights from the Science and Technology Studies (STS), legal and resource geographies, I empirically showed that both regulatory practices and resource materialities matter in encapsulating making of shale gas projects in different national contexts. Documenting how information production and its contestation is entangled with assemblages of materials and technologies, as well as regulatory, geoscientific and market interventions in the context of the UK and the US, this thesis offers an alternative account of the geography of transparency and regulation regarding the development of shale gas policies. The political viability of shale projects depends on how these informational spaces are generated, contested and transformed in nationally specific scientific practices and regulatory regimes.

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Di, Felice Louisa Jane. "Energy systems are complex. Implications for science and for policy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671906.

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Aquesta tesi investiga les implicacions de la complexitat per a la producció de models de sistemes social-ecològics i per a la interfície ciència-política. Em centre en la política energètica a la Unió Europea (UE), a través d’estudis de casos desenvolupats dins del projecte MAGIC d’Horitzó 2020. A través d’una sèrie d’estudis de casos, desenvolupo les eines necessàries per descriure els sistemes energètics a diverses escales, qüestiono si les narratives que sustenten la política energètica de la UE són adequades per atendre les seves preocupacions i inspecciono el paper que juga el món acadèmic en la configuració d’aquestes narratives. Les implicacions metodològiques de la modelització de sistemes energètics a la interfície ciència-política s’aborden mitjançant un estudi de cas del sector energètic de Catalunya. Basant-se en la teoria de la jerarquia, el sistema energètic de la regió es descriu en termes estructurals i en termes funcionals, mostrant com una descripció funcional és útil per guiar les qüestions de política. Mitjançant la cartografia de les dimensions del nexe entre nivells jeràrquics, aquest primer estudi de cas proporciona les eines per generar avaluacions de nexes de manera oberta i transparent. En el segon cas pràctic, en col·laboració amb Zora Kovacic, em centro en la seguretat energètica, un dels pilars de la Unió Energètica de la UE. Inspeccionant les múltiples definicions i dimensions relacionades amb la seguretat energètica a la literatura acadèmica, argumentem que l’ambigüitat del terme és funcional en la formulació de polítiques i no és una qüestió que s’hagi de resoldre amb una major claredat definicional. Més aviat, l’ambigüitat està incrustada en la complexitat. Això suggereix que la producció de definicions i indicadors de seguretat energètica en el món acadèmic pot no ser útil per a les polítiques. El tercer estudi de cas analitza les narratives que envolten els vehicles elèctrics a la UE. Les narratives de polítiques dels documents de la UE s’identifiquen mitjançant una anàlisi de text i s’assignen a nivells jeràrquics. S’introdueix una taxonomia per classificar les narratives polítiques, distingint entre narratives normatives, narratives de justificació i narratives explicatives. Mitjançant una revisió d’estudis i informes existents, s’inspecciona la qualitat de la constel·lació de narratives que envolten els vehicles elèctrics, centrant-se en la relació entre les narratives normatives i de justificació. Els resultats mostren com aquesta relació és incerta en el millor dels casos. Centrant-se en el paper que juga la ciència en la informació de les polítiques, assenyalen la necessitat de reconèixer la manera en què les narratives de polítiques afecten i són afectades per les acadèmiques. El quart i més recent estudi de cas és una ampliació del primer, presentat aquí com a treball exploratori en curs. Els metabolismes energètics d’Espanya, Suècia i la UE es descriuen a través d’holarquies, incloent cada branca del sistema energètic (electricitat, calor, gas i combustibles). Aquest mapatge a gran escala s’utilitza per debatre dos temes centrals en la política energètica de la UE: la descarbonització i l’externalització. Poso en dubte les narratives de descarbonització de la UE i subratllo el coneixement incòmode sobre la dependència del sector energètic de la UE en les importacions.
Esta tesis investiga las implicaciones de la complejidad para la producción de modelos de sistemas social-ecológicos y para la interfaz ciencia-política. Me centro en la política energética en la Unión Europea (UE), a través de estudios de casos desarrollados dentro del proyecto MAGIC de Horizonte 2020. A través de una serie de estudios de casos, desarrollo las herramientas necesarias para describir los sistemas energéticos a diversas escalas, cuestiono si las narrativas que sustentan la política energética de la UE son adecuadas para atender sus preocupaciones e inspeccionar el papel que juega el mundo académico en la configuración de estas narrativas. Las implicaciones metodológicas de la modelización de sistemas energéticos en la interfaz ciencia-política se abordan mediante un estudio de caso del sector energético de Cataluña. Basándose en la teoría de la jerarquía, el sistema energético de la región se describe en términos estructurales y en términos funcionales, mostrando como una descripción funcional es útil para guiar las cuestiones de política. Mediante la cartografía de las dimensiones del nexo entre niveles jerárquicos, este primer estudio de caso proporciona las herramientas para generar evaluaciones de nexos de manera abierta y transparente. En el segundo caso práctico, en colaboración con Zora Kovacic, me centro en la seguridad energética, uno de los pilares de la Unión Energética de la UE. nspeccionando las múltiples definiciones y dimensiones relacionadas con la seguridad energética en la literatura académica, argumentamos que la ambigüedad del término es funcional en la formulación de políticas y no es una cuestión que deba resolver con una mayor claridad definicional. Más bien, la ambigüedad está incrustada en la complejidad. Esto sugiere que la producción de definiciones e indicadores de seguridad energética en el mundo académico puede no ser útil para las políticas. El tercer estudio de caso analiza las narrativas que rodean los vehículos eléctricos en la UE. Las narrativas de políticas de los documentos de la UE se identifican mediante un análisis de texto y se asignan a niveles jerárquicos. Se introduce una taxonomía para clasificar las narrativas políticas, distinguiendo entre narrativas normativas, narrativas de justificación y narrativas explicativas. Mediante una revisión de estudios e informes existentes, se inspecciona la calidad de la constelación de narrativas que rodean los vehículos eléctricos, centrándose en la relación entre las narrativas normativas y de justificación. Los resultados muestran cómo esta relación es incierta en el mejor de los casos. Centrándose en el papel que juega la ciencia en la información de las políticas, señalan la necesidad de reconocer la manera en que las narrativas de políticas afectan y son afectadas por las académicas. El cuarto y más reciente estudio de caso es una ampliación del primero, presentado aquí como trabajo exploratorio en curso. Los metabolismos energéticos de España, Suecia y la UE se describen a través de holarquies, incluyendo cada rama del sistema energético (electricidad, calor, gas y combustibles). Este mapeo a gran escala se utiliza para debatir dos temas centrales en la política energética de la UE: la descarbonización y la externalización. Pongo en duda las narrativas de descarbonización de la UE y subrayo el conocimiento incómodo sobre la dependencia del sector energético de la UE en las importaciones.
This thesis investigates the implications of complexity for the production of models of social-ecological systems and for the science-policy interface. I focus on energy policy in the European Union (EU), through case studies developed within the Horizon 2020 project MAGIC. The way I refer to complexity builds on the work of Robert Rosen, who defined a complex system as one which can be described in non-equivalent and non-reducible ways. This powerful definition, which I refer to as Rosennian (or relational) complexity, calls for deep reflections on the way scientific knowledge is used to inform our image of the world and how we act upon that image. It focuses on the role played by observers in perceiving systems and in modelling them, through devices that I refer to as narratives. Narratives allow reducing the information space of complex reality into a manageable storyline which can be used to guide action, establishing causal patterns across impredicative processes operating at different scales. As such, they are central both to science and to policymaking. Narratives cannot be true or false, only adequate or obsolete with respect to the perception of a system. Through a series of case studies, I develop the tools needed to describe energy systems across multiple scales, question whether narratives underpinning EU energy policy are adequate in addressing their concerns and inspect the role played by academia in shaping those narratives. The methodological implications of modelling energy systems at the science-policy interface are addressed through a case study of Catalonia's energy sector. Building on hierarchy theory, the region's energy system is described in structural terms and in functional ones, showing how a functional description is useful in guiding policy questions. By mapping nexus dimensions across hierarchical levels, this first case study provides the tools to generate nexus assessments in open and transparent ways. In the second case study, a collaboration with Zora Kovacic, I focus on energy security, one of the pillars of the EU's Energy Union. Inspecting the multiple definitions and dimensions connected with energy security in the academic literature, we argue that the ambiguity of the term is functional in policymaking and is not a matter to be solved with increased definitional clarity. Rather, ambiguity is embedded in complexity. This suggests that the production of definitions and indicators of energy security in academia may not be useful to policy. The third case study analyses the narratives surrounding electric vehicles in the EU. Policy narratives in EU documents are identified through a text analysis and mapped across hierarchical levels. A taxonomy to classify policy narratives is introduced, making the distinction between normative narratives, justification narratives and explanation narratives. Through a review of existing studies and reports, the quality of the constellation of narratives surrounding electric vehicles is inspected, focusing on the relationship between normative and justification narratives. Results show how this relationship is uncertain at best. Focusing on the role played by science in informing policy, they point to the need of recognising the way in which policy narratives affect and are affected by academic ones. The fourth and most recent case study is an expansion of the first one, presented here as exploratory work in progress. The energy metabolisms of Spain, Sweden and the EU are described through holarchies, including each branch of the energy system (electricity, heat, gas and fuels). This multi-scale mapping is used to discuss two issues that are central to EU energy policy: decarbonisation and externalisation. I question EU decarbonisation narratives and highlight uncomfortable knowledge regarding the reliance of the EU's energy sector on imports.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals

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Ottosson, Mikael. "Opposition and Adjustment to Industrial‘Greening’ : The Swedish Forest Industry’s (Re)Actions regarding Energy Transition – 1989-2009." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-66267.

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This thesis analyses how the Swedish forest industry has (re)acted regarding the energy transition and, in particular, regarding the reconstruction of the electricity and forest resources in Sweden during the 1989–2009 period. The thesis consists of four papers that analyse how the Swedish forest industry by means of energy management practices at individual pulp and/or paper mills, in corporate strategies performed by CEOs and boards of directors, and via its industry association, has dealt with mounting political and public demands for the industry to become ‘greener’. At the heart of the thesis are issues related to the industry’s substantial use and management of electricity and forest resources. This thesis focuses on the patterns of conflict and reconstruction that various forest industry representatives (e.g., CEOs) and entities (e.g., mills and resources) have experienced in relation to opposing and/or adjusting to the energy transition. The Swedish forest industry constitutes an illuminating case in a wider research context of how an industry (re)acts regarding increasing environmental and energy-related demands concerning its strategic resources. By using multidisciplinary theoretical concepts when analysing industrial change, this thesis demonstrates the industry’s wider embeddedness in science, policy, and material resources.
Den här sammanläggningsavhandlingen analyserar hur svensk skogsindustri (re)agerat beträffande energiomställningen och särskilt omvandlingen av elektricitets- och skogsresurserna i Sverige, 1989-2009. Avhandlingen består av fyra artiklar vilka analyserar hur svensk skogsindustri, genom energiledning i massa- och pappersbruk, i företagsledningars koncernstrategier, och genom branschorganisationen, hanterat de ökade miljökrav som politiker och allmänhet riktat mot branschen. I centrum för avhandlingen står särskilt frågor relaterade till branschens omfattande användning och hantering av elektricitet och skogsresurser. Mer specifikt fokuserar avhandlingen på de konflikter och förändringar som skogsindustrin genomgått som ett led i motståndet och/eller anpassningen till energiomställningen. Den svenska skogsindustrin utgör ett belysande fall på hur en energiintensiv bransch (re)agerar på ökade miljömässiga krav riktade mot dess energi- och naturresursanvändning. Avhandlingen kan därmed även bidra med kunskap om hur en bransch hanterar förändringskrav riktade mot dess strategiska nyckelresurser. Genom att analysera industriell förändring med multidisciplinära teoretiska begrepp tydliggörs branschens inbäddning i vetenskap, politik, och materiella resurser.

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Junod, Martha-Anne N. "Risks, Attitudes, and Discourses in Hydrocarbon Transportation Communities: Oil by Rail and the United States’ Shale Energy Revolution." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595345780677671.

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Tarasova, Ekaterina. "Anti-nuclear Movements in Discursive and Political Contexts : Between Expert Voices and Local Protests." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Statsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31979.

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Energy policies which maintain and extend nuclear energy are often opposed by anti-nuclear movements. Ambitious plans for developing nuclear energy in Russia, constructing a first nuclear plant in Poland, and lifting the ban on nuclear energy while allowing the replacement of old reactors in Sweden are examples of such energy policies. In contrast to the massive anti-nuclear movements of 1970-1990s, recent anti-nuclear movements are not organized as national protest campaigns. This thesis examines repertoires of anti-nuclear movements in the alleged “Nuclear Renaissance” period. Repertoires of anti-nuclear actions are analyzed from the perspective of discursive and political opportunities of anti-nuclear movements. Discursive opportunities are enabled or hindered in the ordering of nuclear energy discourses, making messages and actions of social movements legitimate or illegitimate. While discourses of anti-nuclear movements are complex, official discourses of nuclear energy featuring arguments about profitability, energy security and environmental security in connection to nuclear energy development, resonate more with broader socio-political developments. Ordering of discourses is established in such a way that expert rhetoric becomes a standard approach for discussing nuclear energy, while references to emotions and subjective matters are unacceptable. Political contexts of anti-nuclear movements provide opportunities for environmental NGOs, one kind of actor in anti-nuclear movements, to pursue nonconfrontational strategies and engage in institutional channels, where they can contribute their expert knowledge. Concurrently, another actor in anti-nuclear movements, local anti-nuclear groups, on the one hand, share argumentative structures with environmental NGOs, and, on the other hand, attempt to mobilize local population and organize local protests. Due to limited opportunities for attention from the national media and focus on local issues, local protests are not featured in the national media, which is crucial for national protest actions. The differences in repertoires between these two kinds of actors and absence of actors opting for mass engagement provide insight into repertoires of anti-nuclear movements as a whole. This thesis demonstrates how discursive opportunities of social movements, which result from competing discourses of movements and their counter-agents, and political opportunities structure repertoires of actions of these movements.
Energipolitik som upprätthåller och utökar användandet av kärnkraft motarbetas ofta av antikärnkraftsrörelser. Exempel på sådan energipolitik är de ambitiösa planerna på att utveckla kärnkraft i Ryssland, att bygga ett första kärnkraftverk i Polen, och att häva förbudet mot kärnkraft samt möjliggöra utbyte av gamla reaktorer i Sverige. I motsats till de massiva antikärnkraftsrörelserna under 1970-1990, är de nya rörelserna inte organiserade som nationella protestkampanjer. Denna avhandling undersöker vilka olika handlingssätt antikärnkraftsrörelserna i den påstådda "Nuclear Renaissance"-perioden använder. Antikärnkraftsrörelsernas olika sätt att agera analyseras ur diskursiva och politiska möjligheter. Diskurser av antikärnkraftsrörelser är komplexa, när officiella diskurser om kärnkraft möter argument om lönsamhet, energisäkerhet och miljösäkerhet i samband med kärnkraft utveckling, anknyter den mer till en bredare socio-politiska utveckling. Diskurser etableras på ett sådant sätt att expertretorik blir en standardiserad metod för att diskutera kärnkraft, medan hänvisningar till känslor och subjektiva frågor är oacceptabla. Det politiska sammanhanget ger möjligheter till miljöorganisationer, en typ av aktör inom antikärnkraftsrörelsen, att bedriva nonconfrontational strategier och engagera sig via institutionella kanaler, där de kan bidra med sin sakkunskap. Samtidigt som en annan aktör, lokal antikärnkraftsgrupper, å ena sidan dela argument med miljöorganisationer, men å andra sidan försök att mobilisera lokalbefolkningen och anordna lokala protester. Eftersom lokala protester inte visas i nationella medier får de begränsade möjligheter till medial uppmärksamhet, något som är avgörande för nationella protestaktioner. Skillnaderna i sätt att agera mellan dessa två typer av aktörer och frånvaro av aktörer som väljer massengagemang ger insikt i de olika handlingssätt som används av antikärnkraftsrörelser som helhet.

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Bettencourt, Marcia Pires da Luz. "Produção de energia elétrica e licenciamento ambiental: cidadania no Brasil em tempo de crise ecológica." Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/937.

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Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2017-06-20T18:00:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Marcia Pires 2017.pdf: 3509214 bytes, checksum: 7e43a46cb74a8d2490119d122489b2bc (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T18:00:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese Marcia Pires 2017.pdf: 3509214 bytes, checksum: 7e43a46cb74a8d2490119d122489b2bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14
As escolhas sobre as fontes de energia ganham relevância diante da crise ecológica que deriva de um sistema que transforma tudo em mercadoria e traz como questionamento central as formas de produção e consumo. A matriz elétrica brasileira, cuja fonte hidráulica possui destaque com maior oferta de eletricidade no país, possui de um lado o discurso das vantagens de grande parte de sua composição ser de energia limpa, e, do outro lado, comprova-se um alto custo socioambiental, principalmente para comunidades que vivem próximas aos locais escolhidos para construção de empreendimentos do setor elétrico. Esta pesquisa buscou identificar e analisar as formas de participação da sociedade no processo de escolha de fontes energéticas para produção de energia elétrica em âmbito federal no Brasil, visando discutir os nexos principais entre a crise ecológica e a produção de energia elétrica; como funcionam os mecanismos institucionais para participação social nas questões relacionadas à produção de energia elétrica no Brasil; e, de que forma a sociedade civil participa dos assuntos referentes ao licenciamento ambiental no Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA). Um conjunto de abordagens relacionadas à natureza da crise ecológica e das formas de participação social foi adotado no referencial teórico e uma análise do panorama do setor elétrico no Brasil foi elaborada. Para investigar as formas de participação da sociedade nas questões relacionadas à composição da matriz elétrica brasileira foi efetuada uma análise documental, além de um estudo de caso que contemplou três categorias de atores: conselheiros do CONAMA, especialistas da área e dirigentes de órgãos do Estado, envolvidos no planejamento e gestão do setor elétrico. A pesquisa permitiu identificar inconsistências, ambiguidades e outros aspectos relevantes sobre a participação da sociedade na produção de energia elétrica. Tais questões estão associadas a: deficiências nos mecanismos de acesso à informação; falta de transparência e de padronização de documentos; falta de participação social na elaboração dos compromissos internacionais; ausência de participação da sociedade em espaços institucionalizados; ausência da representação da sociedade e de especialistas no Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (CNPE); invisibilidade da discussão sobre possíveis impactos e conflitos sociais; falta de representação da diversidade; deficiência na participação das minorias; falta de iniciativas para a educação para cidadania focadas na questão energética; ausência de debate sobre produção de energia versus consumo; os problemas decorrentes da opção desenvolvimentista das decisões governamentais (mesmo que implícita). Ao final, apresenta sugestões para o aperfeiçoamento deste processo, a partir das três questões chave identificadas nesta tese: crise ecológica; produção de energia elétrica; e participação social. O estudo conclui apontando para a necessidade de mudanças nas formas de participação da sociedade no processo de escolha de fontes energéticas para produção de energia elétrica em âmbito federal no Brasil. Além disso, propõe uma reflexão sobre o modelo de geração e consumo de energia elétrica e a avaliação sistemática do consumo humano sobre os recursos naturais.
The choices of energy sources gain relevance in the face of the ecological crisis which has a central questioning on the modes of production and consumption and that stems from a system which changes everything into merchandise. On one hand, brazilian electricity generation has the advantage of using clean energy in great part of its composition, at least in discourse. On the other hand, though, there are high social and environmental costs, especially for communities living near the regions where projects for the electricity sector are built. This research aimed to identify and analyse different modes society takes part in the process of choosing energy sources for electricity generation in Brazil. It discusses the links between the ecological crisis and the production of electrical energy; how the institutional mechanisms for social participation on issues related to the production of electric power in Brazil work; and, how civil society participates in environmental licensing in the National Environment Council (CONAMA). A set of related approaches to the nature of the ecological crisis and the forms of social participation was adopted in the theoretical framework and an analysis of the electric sector panorama in Brazil has been drawn up. In order to investigate the forms society participates in issues related to the composition of the brazilian electricity matrix, the methodology comprised a documentary analysis and a case study. They included three categories of actors: (i) CONAMA's councilors, (ii) experts from the Field; and (iii) actors involved in the diagnosis study, planning and management of the electricity sector. The research identified inconsistencies, ambiguities and other relevant issues about the participation of society in the production of electrical energy. Such issues are related to: deficiencies in the mechanisms for information access; lack of transparency and patterns in internal documents; lack of social participation in the elaboration of international commitments; absence of participation of the society in institutionalized spaces; absence of representation of the society and specialists in the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE); invisibility of the discussion on possible impacts and social conflicts; lack of diversity's representation; deficiency in minority participation; lack of citizenship education initiatives focused on energy issue; absence of debates on energy production versus consumption; problems arising from developmental choice of Government decisions (even if implied). At the end, the present research offer suggestions for the improvement of this process, from the perspective of three key issues identified in this thesis: ecological crisis; electric power production; and social participation. The study concludes by pointing to the need of changes in the modes society’ participate in the process of choosing energy sources for the electrical energy production at the federal level in Brazil. In addition, it proposes a reflection on the model of generation and consumption of electricity and a systematic evaluation of human consumption on natural resources.

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Nordlund, Hanna, and Felicia Sarling. "Local Action for Global Change : An Analysis of the Åland Islands’ Energy and Climate Strategy in the Polycentric System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432305.

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Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.

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19

Thomson, Grant. "Community small scale wind farms for New Zealand: a comparative study of Austrian development, with consideration for New Zealand’s future wind energy development." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/961.

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In New Zealand, the development of wind energy is occurring predominantly at a large scale level with very little opportunity for local people to become involved, either financially or conceptually. These conditions are creating situations of conflict between communities and wind energy developers – and are limiting the potential of the New Zealand wind energy industry. The inception of community ownership in small scale wind farms, developed in Europe in the late 20th Century, has helped to make a vital connection between wind energy and end users. Arguably, community wind farms are able to alleviate public concerns of wind energy’s impact on landscapes, amongst a wide range of other advantages. In Austria, community wind farms have offered significant development opportunities to local people, ushered in distributed generation, and all the while increasing the amount of renewable energy in the electricity mix. This thesis investigates whether community small scale wind (SSW) farms, such as those developed in Austria, are a viable and feasible option for the New Zealand context. The approach of this thesis examines the history of the Austrian wind industry and explores several community wind farm developments. In addition, interviews with stakeholders from Austria and New Zealand were conducted to develop an understanding of impressions and processes in developing community wind energy (CWE) in the New Zealand context. From this research an assessment of the transfer of the Austrian framework to the New Zealand situation is offered, with analysis of the differences between the wind energy industries in the two countries. Furthermore, future strategies are suggested for CWE development in New Zealand with recommendations for an integrated governmental approach. This research determines that the feasibility for the transfer of the Austrian framework development of ‘grassroots’ community wind farms in the next 10 years is relatively unlikely without greater support assistance from the New Zealand Government. This is principally due to the restricted economic viability of community wind farms and also significant regulatory and policy limitations. In the mid to long term, the New Zealand government should take an integrated approach to assist the development of community wind farms which includes: a collaborative government planning approach on the issue; detailed assessment of the introduction of feed-in tariff mechanisms and controlled activity status (RMA) for community wind farms; and development of limited liability company law for community energy companies. In the short term, however, the most feasible option available for the formation of community wind farms lies in quasi community developments with corporate partnerships.

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Srivastav, Pushkar K. "Clean Energy Scenario for Nepal." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32893.

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The focus of this study was to develop energy futures under different growthconditions in Nepal for 2050 and describes how the sustainable energy supply can bemade by using backcasting method to develop scenarios.The major distinguishingcharacteristic of backcasting analysis is a concern, not with what futures are likely tohappen, but with how desirable futures can be attained. It involves workingbackwards from a particular desirable future end-point to the present in order todetermine the physical feasibility of the futures and what policy measures would berequired to reach that point. Typically backcasting is applied on long-term complexissues, involving many aspects of society as well as technological innovations andchange. Furthermore in the long run, though, discontinuities are likely to occur andshould even be deliberately sought in some cases. Under these circumstances abackcasting approach is an interesting alternative. With these reasons, this studyuses the same method to develop scenarios. The future pictures developed bybackcasting approach are self-fulfilling, this study concludes two of three futurepictures are satisfying the aim of the study. There are three scenarios namely, the high growth (HG), the medium growth (MG)and the business as usual (BAU) scenario developed in this study for year 2050.These scenarios are developed on the basis of future population and economicgrowth. The HG scenario considers highest economic growth rate of 9% while MGand BAU scenario considers the growth rate of 6% and 4% respectively. The BAUand MG scenario with 809, 1460 million GJ of energy demand respectively, meet theaim of the study (i.e. to meet the future energy demand by renewable energyresources in sustainable manner) while the HG scenario with energy demand of4300 million GJ unable to meet its energy demand by sustainable energy resources available in the country. The energy crisis in Nepal is a major challenge for the current and future growth ofthe country. The aim of the study is to describe how to establish the sustainableenergy system under different growth scenarios, Nepal may have by 2050.The urgentneeds in Nepal’s energy sector are ; to reduce the country’s energy dependency, touse the resources efficiently and in a sustainable way and to provide the modern energy system on equitable basis. These needs can only be fulfilled with thesustainable use of renewable energy resources, which is sufficient in the country.The scenarios developed in the study are describing how these resources fulfillingthe future energy demand and how the demand can be reduced with the applicationof appropriate technology. The gap of energy use significantly varies across the different strata of population;the study eliminates this gap by allocating energy on equitable basis. Nepal has oneof the lowest per-capita energy consumptions in the world; to know the level of per-capita energy consumption, this study estimates the same for each scenariosdeveloped in this study. Several measures and technologies and their potential are presented in the study (todecrease the energy use or shifting into renewable energy fuels) and these measuresare a reality today or will be in the near future. For example the use of efficientcooking stove saves the fuelwood, passive building design reduces the heating andlighting requirements, and these technologies are already in practice. Thesemeasures have to be adopted in order to meet the demand by sustainable energysupply. Further these measures are fulfilling the objective of providing the cleanenergy to all. In all scenario the energy demand have been projected, afterward final(reduced) energy demand calculated by considering measures and technologies forreduction in energy use. This study primarily considers the measures andtechnologies to reduce the energy demand in residential sector, which is the highestenergy consuming sector. Based on the final demand the sustainable energy supplyhas been proposed for all scenarios. The scenarios are presented with three possiblealternatives for economic and population growth. The energy demand and supplysituation in each scenario tells whether the sustainable energy supply is possible ornot. Rather than comparison, these scenarios present the energy supply and demandsituation under the conditions they developed. The three scenarios developed in this study are not exhausting the possible solutionsfor sustainable energy supply in Nepal. The technologies and measures and thefutures are not evaluated from the cost perspective. This means the study does notestimates, how much investment is required to realise these pictures hence it doesn’tanswer whether they are feasible from cost perspective or even desirable. The study also leaves out other perspectives like emissions reductions, earning through cleandevelopment mechanism (CDM) etc. The purpose to present different energy-futures of Nepal is to encourage andstimulate stakeholders, policymakers and the citizens to take an active interest and tostart making the changes needed that leads to sustainable energy society. The energy-futures show that together with the economic and population growth, theenergy use in future will increase as well. This is the reason for highest energydemand in the scenario which considers highest economic growth and this demandcannot be fulfilled by the renewable energy sources unless the technologicalbreakthrough in future. So high growth scenario does not satisfy the aim of the study;however rest of the two scenarios are well in line with the aim and objectives of the study. The path to the presented energy-futures; the final step in the backcasting approachhas been left out in this study. The reason is due to, that requires further analysis ofthe energy-futures from several other perspectives as well as analysis over decisionmaking and planning processes and involvement of different stakeholders. Howeverthe presented energy-futures may in some cases indicate what type of measures anddecisions that needs to be taken and what kind of investments are needed. The aim of the study is not to present the most probable energy future but the energyfutures that satisfy the objective of establishing the sustainable energy system inNepal. The renewable energy resources and the related technologies are mainlyconsidered to fulfill the future energy demand, which is the aim of the study. Finally,this study involves high degree of uncertainty due to fact that future is unknown and the uncertainty in collected data, calculations and assumptions made.
Division Industrial Ecologywww.kth.se/itm/indecowww.ima.kth.se

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Soto, Naranjo Davide. "International trade and energy: possible contributions from outside the WTO." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114615.

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This work aims to contribute to the debate about the relationship between International Trade Law and the Energy Sector and proposes a way ahead. Energy availability has become increasingly a crucial factor for the economic development of countries. Despite its importance, the International Trade System is not provided with specific rules addressing energy. Within other international regulatory frameworks - such as the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union, among others – energy is addressed more specifically. This work suggests that the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union can serve as templates or models for the GATT/WTO, should new energy rules, or a General Agreement on Trade in Energy be negotiated in the future. In the present work, some relevant elements of energy regulation under the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union are addressed, and their possible application to the GATT/WTO is also discussed. Consequently the GATT/WTO negotiators should consider referring to the EU and ECT regulation of energy and mould new GATT/WTO energy rules form them.
Cette recherche vise à apporter une contribution au débat sur la relation entre le droit commercial international et le secteur de l'énergie et propose une avancée. L'accès aux ressources énergétiques devient de plus en plus un facteur important pour le développement économique des États. Malgré cette portée, le système commercial international ne prévoit pas de règles spécifiques relatives à l'énergie. En revanche, d'autres systèmes internationaux – tels que, entre autres, le Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et l'Union européenne – abordent la question de l'énergie directement. Cette recherche suggère que le Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et l'Union européenne peuvent être utilisés comme modèles pour le GATT/OMC dans l'optique de futures négociations portant sur des nouvelles normes dans le secteur énergétique, voire sur l'adoption d'un Accord général sur le commerce de l'énergie (General Agreement on Trade in Energy). Ainsi, les négociateurs du GATT/OMC devraient envisager de se référer aux bases offertes par les normes du secteur énergétique du Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et de l'Union européenne pour façonner les nouveaux instruments de réglementation de l'énergie au niveau multilatéral.

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Xuan, Yang. "Evaluation of energy performance and cost of different energy saving solutions in residential buildings of China." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32805.

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This report reviewed Chinese building energy and related codes, directives and guidelines and compared them with Swedish ones. It also provides general information on residential buildings in China (area, height, layout, etc.) and describes building envelope insulation status and market there (window, exterior walls and roof) and energy related characteristics (heating, heating fee system, cooling and ventilation). This report is targeted towards governmental organizations in Wuhai city in Inner Mongolia of China since this thesis is project (Sino-Swe project) based research and Wuhai city is the place where the project is being carried out. A one week trip to Wuhai city was done during the research time and information concerning aspects such as market, energy saving status and residents’ attitudes were collected through interviews, organized meetings and on-site investigation. Data collected from national level and Wuhai city are combined to support simulation of energyperformance of a model building in Wuhai. Two tools are employed to calculate energyconsumption. One is Dest, developed by Institute of Building Environment and Building Services,Tsinghua University, Beijing, China and has been used in various prestige large structures such as State Grand Theatre. The second one is Standardized Method, proposed by Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design code. It is a traditional and simple energy calculation method and can be realized by Excel. Nowadays, instead of directly using it, its calculation concepts and steps are integrated into different commercial calculation softwares but in a more complex way. Different envelope types, heating methods, ventilation systems are evaluated and building energy consumption for heating and corresponding initial investment and operation cost are calculated. Then life cycle cost methodology is applied to compare different alternatives and those alternatives, according to their payback time, are located into different categories. From the calculation the following figure is obtained and suggestions are made.
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Roberts, Erin Mared. "Reducing energy consumption in everyday life : a study of landscapes of energy consumption in rural households and communities in North Wales." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95669/.

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Despite governmental efforts to constrain residential energy consumption over recent decades, energy use within our homes accounts for a third of overall British energy use, and its share is steadily rising. Much of the existing academic and policy literature surrounding household energy consumption has revolved around developing more energy efficient technologies and buildings, as well as encouraging households to purchase those more efficient technologies. Conversely, less attention has been paid to the ways in which these technologies and homes are actually used, and how this influences a household’s energy consumption. Understanding how and why people use energy in the ways that they do, and how this varies according to spatial and temporal context, is critical to gaining an insight into the ways in which we might foster change and ultimately reduce domestic energy demand. In particular, this thesis sheds light on the dynamics of household energy demand in the rural sphere. This thesis draws on the accounts of 11 households in ‘deep’ rural Gwynedd that were recruited on the basis of their composition, ranging from single-person households, young families and emptying nests, in order to explore how consumption practices are patterned through the lifecourse. By employing practice theory, and combining it with concepts from geographical and life-course perspectives; the thesis produces rich, spatio-temporal and relational accounts of how household energy use has changed – or remained the same - through time. This necessarily meant engaging with things that matter to people – be that through valued relationships with places, significant others or with things. The ways in which we consume are necessarily connected to ideas about who to be and how to live, and as such, may be deeply connected to people’s identities. This has particular implications for policy interventions in that practices bound up with valued identities and ideals may prove resistant to change.

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Håkansson, Lovisa, and Johan Höckerman. "IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON ELECTRICAL MOTOR SYSTEMS : From an energy efficiency perspective." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49240.

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This master thesis is written in collaboration with the Swedish Energy Agency and the International Energy Agency (Electric Motor System Annex, EMSA) to investigate the potential of using digitalization as a tool to become more energy efficient with regards to electrical motor systems in the Swedish industry. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the potential of energy efficiency, market maturity, opportunities, barriers, and risks related to digitalization applied to electrical motors in Swedish industry. Another aim was to identify what kind of support the industry wishes for, from the Swedish Energy Agency or the Government. This is performed by interviewing 12 companies, where six companies are producers of digital solutions, and six companies are users of digital solutions. The interviews were thereafter transcribed and thematically analyzed. Moreover, an online survey was used to gather data that can implicate trends in the industry, where 30 industries within production answered our online survey. Analysis of the collected data from the interviews and the survey showed that the potential to increase energy efficiency by using digitalization on electrical motor systems turned out to be high, depending on the initial system specifications and the usage of digital technologies, such as data analysis. The market maturity seemed to be low regarding an automated industry, i.e., industry 4.0, but relatively high when looking into digitalization as a whole. The majority of companies seem to have a strategy to become more digitalized in the future. Several opportunities could be identified, where energy efficiency, flexible production, and predictive maintenance were the most vital ones. Moreover, barriers such as expert knowledge, organizational structures, and lack of standards were acknowledged. The major risk seen from the industry perspective is cybersecurity, along with over-dimensioned motors, loss of data, loss of connection, and loss of jobs. The rebound effect is identified as a possible risk for the industry in the literature. However, from the interviews, it was not considered as a major risk for the Swedish industry today, but rather in the future. Suggestions for future governmental support included regulations from several aspects, implementation of standards within the Internet of Things (IoT), education, and further research.

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Crudi, Franco. "Towards a sustainable and just energy system in the city of Malmö : Social Innovations in the Energy Sector." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43364.

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Like many other European cities, Malmö has set ambitious goals to become Sweden’s first carbon-neutral city by 2030. This objective is aligned with several public entities such as the Öresund Region, the Swedish Energy Agency, the European Union, and the UN within the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Urban Development. However, statistics show that this goal is very difficult, if not, impossible to reach, as the city has achieved 32% of renewable energy by the end of 2020. Furthermore, the region of Skåne is currently facing problems regarding electricity shortage due to the lack of production in the region and network capacity in the national grid. This study identifies at least two major causes to explain why the energy transition in the city of Malmö does not see the light at the end of the tunnel. First, there is a dominant political narrative in Sweden that favors centralized and intensive capital solutions that may result in the lock-in of alternatives that aim for a more decentralized energy system. Second, the high trust in technological innovation to solve societal challenges has reduced Social Innovation (SI) as a tool that only complements technological advances (e.g., offshore wind turbines and smart grids). Therefore, this mainstream eliminates the capacity of Social Innovation in the Energy Sector (SIE) as an opportunity to contest dominant structures and make transformative changes at the institutional level within the energy system. Within this context, regime actors such as Large-scale Energy Companies (LECs) have an important role in impeding but possibly also enabling SIE and facilitating the sustainable and just energy transition in Sweden. Drawing on the Transformative Social Innovation-framework, this thesis analyzes three SIE-initiatives developed by E.ON Group in collaboration with other actors. An embedded-case study approach and mixed methods (mapping, document review, semi-structured interviews, and thematic and discourse analysis) were the basis of this research to understand the transformative potential of each initiative. The results of the study conclude that LECs participate actively in the development of SIE. It shows that projects like SWITCH/CoordiNET change internal social relations but not institutional relations, while others such as Sege Park and Smart Cities Accelerator+ have big potential of transformative change and may replace and alter dominant informal and formal institutions. It also demonstrates how E.ON and the City of Malmö are challenging the dominant political narrative in Sweden. Building on the latter empirical findings, this thesis suggests recommendations for city actors (public sector, businesses, organizations, and individuals) to create alliances and reach the goal of producing 100% renewable energy while aiming for a more sustainable and just energy system in the city of Malmö.

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Ma, Tao. "Statistics of Quantum Energy Levels of Integrable Systems and a Stochastic Network Model with Applications to Natural and Social Sciences." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378196433.

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Brodin, Nils, and Johan Hanberg. "Efficient Power : A discourse analysis of energy efficiency policies from Finland and Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36429.

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Soules, Travis P. "Comparative analysis of the optimization, size, economic feasibility, and carbon emissions for fixed and single-axis tracking solar photovoltaic arrays that meet the total electric power needs of Miami University." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501176535300568.

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Jämting, Hanna. "Sustainable Energy : Implications of Charcoal Use in Babati Households & Possibilities to Use Alternative Energy Sources." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2160.

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This thesis investigates social impacts of charcoal use in households in the Tanzanian town Babati. In Tanzania a majority of the population use charcoal and firewood as their main energy source. A part from the environmental problems connected to charcoal use; there are also considerable social impacts on women’s daily lives. Cooking and collection of wood fuel are time-consuming and restricts the possibilities for women to work and study. The thesis includes an investigation on how the Tanzanian government tackles problems connected to charcoal use, social as well as environmental. The result shows that the Tanzanian government is working with charcoal related problems to some extent but as previous studies shows there are still more that can be done. The main efforts made concentrate on information campaigns and promotion of more energy efficient equipments. One important problem is however that wood fuel is the cheapest available energy source and hence the incentives to start using other, more sustainable, energy sources are very small. The thesis also investigates possibilities for Babati households to substitute charcoal use with renewable energy sources available in the town. The result shows that the possibilities to use renewable energy currently are very limited and mainly affordable to richer households.

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Yenneti, Komalirani. "'Social justice and solar energy implementation' : a case study of Charanaka Solar Park, Gujarat, India." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4962/.

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In the recent years, social issues around renewable energy implementation have been gaining prominence both in developed and developing countries. Though researchers across different disciplines in developed countries have started dealing with this issue, there is a lack of theoretical or empirical research in developing countries. This research from a pluralistic perspective and using the case study of ‘Charanaka Solar Park’ qualitatively analyses the relationship between ‘justice’ and solar energy implementation in India. The justice framework used in this thesis corresponds to the theoretical knowledge on a) procedural justice and b) distributional justice principles based in social, environmental, and energy justice literatures. The application of multiple theories of justice proved to be significant and useful instrument for analysing controversies over implementation of solar (renewable) energy policies. The results of this research have provided new insights into how social justice issues, such as recognition of marginalised communities, equal and democratic participation, and just distribution of project outcomes, are strongly interconnected to implementation of ‘environmentally good’ projects. Following the findings of this research, recommendations for policymakers and practitioners are proposed and pathways for future research are outlined.

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Eshchanov, Bahtiyor. "How to meet the future energy needs of Uzbekistan." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32693.

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This thesis work considers the perspective of Uzbekistan energy system. Current data of Uzbekenergy system is very complex because of some consider energy as only electricity generationwhile others add transportation, resources used in household, district heating, and energyresources spend to transport these materials. Another obstacle in researching the Uzbek energy system is always-positive approach ofprevious provided researches. Neither decision makers of the system, nor scientists approachcurrent conditions from criticism point of view. Indicators are swelled to planned-by-stateextent and events are explained only from positive point of view, however, there is extremely small room for positive aspects compared with negatives. Uzbekistan is energy self-sufficient country with positive energy balance in total. Uzbekistan is the only country to enlarge the natural gas production to 35% after the collapse of SovietUnion. There are different estimations of proven reserves’ time span: from 35 years to 55 yearsin most optimistic calculation. Other fossil fuels have smaller share of 7 and 8% for oil and coal correspondently. Insignificant decline in oil and minor increase in coal production is predicted. Hydropower generation hasreached its upper limits and not a subject for large increase. Nuclear energy is not implemented in Uzbekistan. It is predicted to be the main source ofenergy in the close fifty years for Uzbekistan. Due to rapid increases in production and netexports, fossil fuels do not have more than fifty years to exhaust. Nuclear energy needs longterm preparation, basic and fundamental conditions. Total primary energy consumption increase by World Energy Outlook 2005 is 50% for the year2025. Uzbekistan is unlikely to meet these growing needs without introducing nuclear energy.
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Pigeon, Jonas. "Les technologies de Captage, Transport et Stockage du CO2 (CTSC) dans l'Axe-Seine : description des futurs possibles d un dispositif technique de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0013/document.

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Les technologies de captage, transport et stockage du CO2 ont pour finalité de capter le CO2 issu des industries afin de le stocker géologiquement et ainsi, réduire l impact de ces activités sur le réchauffement climatique. L Axe-Seine (Paris Le Havre) est un territoire très industrialisé et fortement émetteur de CO2. Dans ce territoire, les décideurs locaux envisagent l utilisation des technologies de CTSC afin de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. L objectif de notre recherche est de comprendre les futurs possibles de ces technologies dans l Axe-Seine. Dans cette perspective, cette thèse analyse tout d'abord le fonctionnement des technologies de CTSC dans une approche de sociologie des sciences et des techniques et les promesses technoscientifiques initiales associées à ce dispositif technique. Ensuite, cette recherche examine les dynamiques socio-spatiales de la vallée de la Seine concernant l'environnement. Enfin, cette thèse par une exploration des récits relatifs aux technologies de CTSC par les promoteurs de ce dispositif technique et des parties prenantes locales, identifie les hybridations potentielles entre ce dispositif technique et les dynamiques socio-spatiales de l'Axe-Seine. Ainsi est-il possible de décrire les futurs possibles des technologies dans l'Axe-Seine. Par ailleurs, dans cette recherche nous questionnons également la place des sciences sociales au côté des sciences de la vie et de la matière dans la dynamique de l'innovation technologique
Carbon Capture and Storage enables industrial facilities to capture their CO2 emissions in order to geologically store it and then reduce their impact on global warming. The Seine Waterway Axis (from Paris to Le Havre) counts a lot of industrial facilities emitting huge quantities of CO2. From 2006 local stakeholders of this territory are willing to develop CCS to a commercial scale in order to reduce CO2 emissions.In our research we aim to understand potential futures of CCS technology in the Seine Waterway Axis. In this Phd thesis we first analyse initial technoscientific promises related to Carbon Capture and Storage in using Science and Technology Studies theoretical framework. Then we focus on the Seine Waterway Axis territorial dynamics regarding sustainable development. Finnaly, we focus on narratives related to Carbon Capture and Storage in the Seine Waterway Axis in order to identify hybridations between CCS implementations and territorial dynamics. These cross analysis will enable us to describe potential future of CCS establishment in the Seine Waterway Axis

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Altinordu, Zeynep. "Transnational Dynamics Of Global Governance In Energy." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612998/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to provide an analytical outlook for the relevant dynamics of transnational relations in the field of energy with specific reference to key issues and tools for governance. Not only contemporary structure of interdependent and in some cases asymmetrical relations requires a multi-level approach in addressing main issues but also there exists considerable amount of attention in global agenda over alternative policies in response to the developments in this complex context of dynamic and transnational relations whereby an action of an actor results in spillover effects in other regions. It is necessary to have a multi dimensional approach in addressing issues of energy governance where interdependence plays a significant role.

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Zakaria, Mohamad. ""Atoms for Peace"? Nuclear Energy and Peace." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21920.

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In this thesis, nuclear power plants and their role in sustaining peace or threatening it are described and, to some extent, analysed. Nuclear energy contributes to the economic development of the country it is built in by providing electricity with relatively inexpensive prices than that of other kinds of energy. However, the construction costs of nuclear power plants are very expensive and it is a potential threat for human health and the environment. Different arguments on how nuclear power plants might contribute to peace or threaten it are analysed. The analysis is done through Johan Galtung’s articles “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research” and “Cultural Violence”, as well as by recalling few known nuclear accidents as example, mainly the one happened at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Cooperation of different stakeholders at national, regional, and international level is among the most important tools to minimise the possibility of nuclear threat to peace. Nuclear waste and the uncertainties in best practices for the safe management is most probably the most severe problem that future generations will have to face.

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Ayers, James, Gabriel Melchert, and Julius Piwowar. "The Impact of Renewable Energy Cooperatives on the Social Resilience of Their Communities." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3504.

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Major global problems, manifested by climate change and social inequality, reinforce the need for a societal shift towards sustainable practices. This transition requires new approaches in the future design of society. The current energy system, based on fossil fuels and centralized infrastructure is a key contributor to many of the socio-ecological issues related to the sustainability challenge. The intent of this research is to examine renewable energy cooperatives as an alternative to minimize the negative impacts of the current energy system. Using a Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) approach with a Resilience Attribute Framework, this research explored the presence of resilience attributes (Trust, Diversity, Learning and Self-organization) and sustainability behavior in renewable energy cooperatives. The research then explored, through interview and surveys, the perceived impacts that these cooperatives had on the resilience and sustainability behavior of the wider community. Findings showed that energy cooperatives displayed high levels of the resilience through the attributes of: - Trust: due to non-profit status, ownership structure, localisation and shared values - Diversity: due to member and service diversity - Learning: through collaboration, diverse member knowledge and participation - Self-organization: due to cooperative development, leadership and outcomes (infrastructure and energy knowledge). This study showed that renewable energy cooperatives have numerous impacts on their community however; there were no significant evidence to suggest energy cooperatives transferred their high levels of social resilience to the community.

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Zauels, Nathalie, and Oana Maries. "Expert perceptions on renewable energy implementation in ASEAN." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23918.

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The world today is built on energy. Every process, whether industrial or civil, from the moment one awakes in the morning all throughout the day and into the late night, is fuelled by energy. There is an energy consumption going on twentyfour hours, every day of the year (IEA, 2017). The traditional energy mix (coal, gas, oil) has been used up to now with disrupting effects on our planet. In order to stay in the sustainable development concept, the demand for energy will be optimally met with renewable energies (RE), so to also keep the global temperatures under 2°C or even 1.5°C, if ambitious measures are used (IPCC, 2011).The focus of this study is on the Association of South East Nations (ASEAN), because it has an unexploited potential to increase the usage of RE, due the fact that the region has over 140 million in population without access the electricity (Shi, 2016, IEA, 2017). The region is also still developing its energy infrastructure and decides on energy road maps for the next couple of years (Zamora, n.d., Brahim, 2014, Alison Riddell, Steve Ronson, Glenn Counts, n.d., Renner et al., 2018). Thus, this is the right time to research why ASEAN has not yet implemented more RE into its nations.The paper will explore the experts perceptions on the RE implementations in ASEAN as well as how does the government regulation and policy structures involve in the renewable energy implementation. To provide a better understanding of the impacts in the implementation phase of RE in ASEAN, the PESTEL framework helps to analyse the area on a macro level from six different perspectives. This framework will also help to identify and give suggestions to overcome several obstacles that have emerged in the implementation of RE in ASEAN.

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Acosta, Kerly, Arash Sangari, and Jessica Webster. "Energy Strategies towards Sustainability : a comparative analysis of community energy plans from Sweden and Canada." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2335.

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This thesis examines community energy planning in Sweden and Canada with the aim of revealing strategies that move communities towards energy sustainability. Unsustainable energy activities are identified as major threats on both local and global levels. The challenges for energy systems are discussed and a possible scenario of a future community with sustainable energy production and consumption is presented. The literature review examines community energy planning guidebooks and key theoretical and methodological concepts including ingenuity, soft energy paths and backcasting from socio-ecological principles of sustainability. Following an analysis of energy supply and demand in a broad systems context, and a review of policies and programs supporting or hindering community energy planning, energy plans from eleven Swedish and eleven Canadian communities are evaluated. Characteristics of progressive energy planning as uncovered in the literature review form a framework for evaluating the visions, strategies and actions described in the plans. Sweden is recognized as an early player in community energy planning. Although Swedish energy plans do not contain all of the identified progressive strategies, national leadership and funding have played a role in Sweden’s successes. More recent Canadian plans are found to be highly progressive, suggesting that Canadian communities who follow their plans can too be successful in transforming their energy systems towards sustainability.

Kerly Acosta, email: kerly_a@yahoo.com Arash Sangari, email: arash@stechpartner.com Jessica Webster, email: jess_violet@hotmail.com

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Gunduc, Yildirim. "Energy Security And Central Asian Geopolitics." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615176/index.pdf.

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Energy security has become an important part of national security policies in the last decades. Policies concerning energy security are designed and implemented in different ways by countries based on their geographical, political and economic imperatives. This thesis analyzes the securitization of energy resources in Central Asia and the roles of the US, China, India and Russia as major actors of the Central Asian energy politics in the post-Soviet period. The conditions shaping Central Asian countries decision making process&rsquo
as well as the policies and priorities of the US, China, India and Russia are analyzed in the light of latest energy policy developments and related pipeline projects in the region. While doing so, this thesis aims to compare and contrast the practices and policies of the US, China, India and Russia in securing access to energy resources of Central Asia.

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Robertson, Peter. "Renewable Energy: Prospects, Politics, the Public, and Proximity." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6690.

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The way our electricity is generated is in a period of rapid change; in the United States and many other countries the system is becoming less reliant on coal based power systems, while natural gas and solar and wind power are becoming more and more important. Technological advances have made solar and wind power more efficient and increasingly cost-effective. While these changes to the electrical system come with great benefits, such as less pollution, these technologies are not free of impacts. The electrical system is inseparable from our modern lifestyle, and because the system is so large this transition will affect society in many ways. This dissertation analyzes one aspect of the social side of these changes in the electrical system by asking, what does the public think about renewable energy? In particular we examined how political beliefs, community differences, and residential distance from wind turbines might influence attitudes about renewable energy. We find that political belief is an important factor in predicting levels of support for renewable energy, with conservatives less likely to prefer renewable energy and liberals more supportive of its development. We also find distinct differences in how residents of particular communities tend to react to renewable energy and local wind power development. In addition, we find that living closer to wind turbines is not a good way to predict attitudes about wind energy. These results should help policy makers and developers to make better decisions about how and where we build utility-scale solar and wind electric power facilities by taking into consideration the nuances of personal and political beliefs as well as community differences.

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Dal, Gobbo Alice. "Becoming-poor, becoming-animal, becoming-plant ... becoming-imperceptible : an ethnographic study of everyday energy assemblages in transition." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/117613/.

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The 2008 financial crisis has meant for the West a much wider social, political and economic questioning of its underpinnings. This delicate contingency combines with an increasingly evident ecologic crisis, indissolubly related to the capitalist, post-industrial, consumer economy that cracked in 2008. As the latter is proving unsustainable on all these levels, there is space for challenging this economic system and its underpinnings: development, industrialism and infinite growth (via consumption). Governments are putting in place measures that aim at environmental change mitigation, but with too little effect. With my study, I investigate the potentiality of the everyday as a site of ecological resistance, difference and creation. As a way of pursuing this, I designed a multimodal and multimedia participant observation study, focusing on energy use in everyday life. The locale is a town in the North-East of Italy, Vittorio Veneto, an interesting example of a formerly affluent area strongly hit by the recession. As a contribution to existent literature in this field, I draw and expand upon recent reflections that seek to go beyond the limitations of constructionism as the guiding approach to critical qualitative social sciences investigations. This “post-qualitative” literature calls for more attention to the ways in which language and discourses are co-emerging with, and co-constitutive of, the material, affective and non-representational qualities of experience. In line with this, I give special attention to the desiring and unconscious dimensions of energy use and everyday life more generally. Nonetheless, these are not conceptualised as subjective, interior or personal – but rather as trans-human flows that traverse and shape the social world. In this sense, focussing on desire is also a way to address the political and power-ridden aspects of energy use, little addressed in current research. Inspired above all by the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze (also with Félix Guattari), I look at the ways in which (collective) desire shapes the energy “assemblages” that we live through in ordinary life. If the dominant (libidinal) economy gears towards hyper-consumption and intensive energy practices, are molecular desires being mobilised that evade such hegemony? To what extent are they capable of a radical creation of more ecologically sensitive, life affirmative, assemblages? By making treasure of the different affordances of multi-media representation of the field, in my thesis I map contemporary everyday energy assemblages as they are territorialised and deterritorialised along lines of (ecological) becoming. I bring attention not only to the chances, but also to the risks and contradictions of emerging “lines of flight” from our unsustainable economy. This critical reflection is also applied to the theory informing my own study and its potential pitfalls. Finally, I reflect on the politics and ethics of social sciences in participating to draw lines of transitions towards sustainability.

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El-Dorghamy, Ahmed. "Energy and Environmental Management in Egypt : Bioenergy CDM projects for Sustainable Development." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32761.

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In the rapidly developing economy of Egypt with the increasing population density and depleting natural resources, the management of energy and environment has become of utmost importance to the sustainability of our development. A clear example is the severe air pollution, which is causing the most environmental damage, being mostly attributed to the energy sector, and largely attributed to uncontrolled burning of solid waste and agriculture residue. It mainly affects Greater Cairo, which hosts 20% of the nation’s population. This comes at a time where Egypt is rapidly approaching energy dependency. Utilizing this “waste” as a resource, or fuel, for bioenergy systems would entail many environmental and developmental benefits. This research has aimed to investigate the status and prospects of developing this bioenergy industry, and to discuss the approach to assess its sustainable development impacts as Clean Development Mechanism Projects (CDM) encompassing the environmental, social, and economic aspects in the context of the related legal and institutional framework existing today, and stakeholders’ activities. The findings of the research are later elaborated in the context of a case study of biogasification demonstrational plants established in Egypt delivering town gas from rice straw, while discussing the positive and negative sustainable development impacts. The research findings showed promising prospects for a growing bioenergy industry in Egypt and thereby emphasized the importance of identifying such synergies in environmental planning and management such as in addressing air pollution and promoting rural development, and it also emphasized the importance of practicing a holistic approach for assessing projects, policies and programs related to energy and environment. Findings also revealed a lack of proactive hosting of CDM projects in practice to direct activities toward national development priorities and finding synergies given that the CDM has come to be the driving force for bioenergy projects in Egypt. From the international perspective, a stricter and regular monitoring of SDA practices in the host country is recommended.
www.ima.kth.se

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Atli, Buket. "Politics Of Renewable Energy Policies In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615321/index.pdf.

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Owing to the unfortunate accidents happened in Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan on 11th March 2011, renewable energy has again become one of the mostly referred issues in energy related discussions all around the world. Generally, the states are expected to give incentives to the renewable energy sources in order to help the development and spread of those clean energy technologies against the fossil based energy sources. However, the levels of state subsidy to renewable energy sources in Turkey which was announced in 2010 with an Amendment Law was not possible to understand by following the mentioned way of thinking. Unlike other studies in the field of renewable energy policies, the thesis problematizes the role of the states in the formation of renewable energy markets and prefers to use the critical theory while trying to understand how the renewable energy policies in Turkey are formed. The state policies are tried to be understood as a result of historical state and society relations rather than looking for linear reason and result relationships. State is seen not a unified actor but rather a battleground of competing projects each of which arise from a certain way of thinking or in other words, rationalities of government. Consequently, the traces of developmentalism, neoliberalism and neomercantilism are followed starting from the formation of the Turkish electricity market in the late 1990s and the preparation of Renewable Energy Law in 2005 until the aftermath of the recent Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law in 2010.

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Strömberg, Mårten. "SHE Management vid Perstorp Regeno, Sektor Energi." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32780.

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Föreliggande rapport är en kortfattad sammanfattning av det examensarbete jagutförde för Perstorp AB under perioden november 1995 – maj 1996.Examensarbetet gick ut på att utarbeta, dokumentera och bygga upp ettledningssystem för säkerhet, hälsa och miljö (S.H.E.) för sektor Energi inom PerstorpRegeno (Ångcentral, avloppsreningsverk, vattenreningsverk och anläggning förkatalytisk förbränning). Ledningssystemet utarbetades i överensstämmelse med dedirektiv som tagits fram för ledningssystem för säkerhet, hälsa och miljö inomPerstorpkoncernen och även med den då färska ISO 14001-standarden förmiljöledningssystem.Under arbetets gång byggdes en utförlig dokumentation över ledningssystemet, somöverlämnades till mina handledare och min uppdragsgivare i september 1996.Perstorp AB fick då även mitt arbete i elektronisk form. Den dokumentation som togsfram tjänar som en konfidentiell bilaga, som är Perstorp AB:s egendom. I sambandmed att dokumentationen överlämnades till Perstorp AB 1996, fullgjordes åtagandetgentemot företaget.Mitt examensarbete har jag även muntligt presenterats som en ”case study” för hurett miljöledningssystem byggs upp från grunden i samband med att jag gick kursen”3C1380 Miljömanagement” våren 1999.
www.ima.kth.se

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Wase, Peter. "Energi, enhetlighet, effektivitet - enhetsdrivmedel." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1738.

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Försvarsmaktens nya inriktning mot ett internationellt verksamhetsfält innebär att anpassningarbehövs/krävs för att uppnå interoperabilitet med övriga samverkande aktörer. För attkunna verka med ett högt tempo, flexibilitet och uthållighet inom ramen förmanöverkrigföring eftersträvas en förenklad logistik på stridsfältet.En del av denna utveckling omfattar ett eventuellt införande av enhetligt drivmedel/bränsle(Single-Fuel Concept). Denna drivmedelskomponent exemplifierar interoperabilitet enligt destrukturer som gäller inom NATO och EU. Uppsatsens syfte är att ta fram styrande faktorersamt beskriva krav för en eventuell implementering av enhetligt drivmedel/bränsle inomFörsvarsmakten. Vidare är uppsatsens målsättning att identifiera problemområden med syfteatt ge underlag för materiel– och organisationsutveckling. Metoden för studien är deskriptiv.Litteraturstudierna och de kvalitativa intervjuerna utgör huvudsakligt källmaterial föruppsatsen.De viktigaste slutsatser som erhållits är att enhetsdrivmedel/bränsle sannolikt kan ge operativafördelar med ökad effekt vid stridskrafternas insatser. Ett flertal begränsningar har konstateratsoch problemområden bedöms främst omfatta materielanpassning och viktiga komponenterinom miljöområdet.
The new direction for the Swedish Armed Forces includes the international fieldof action and thus highlights the need for changes and adjustments in order toachieve interoperability with the forces of co-operating partners. Simplifiedlogistics in the theatre is worth looking into in order to find ways to strengthenthe ability to operate with a high tempo, flexibility and sustainability within theframework of manoeuvre warfare. One aspect of this development would be toconsider the introduction of a Single-Fuel Concept. This POL component is anexample of interoperability for NATO and EU organisations.The objective of this paper is to bring forth critical factors and to describe thedemands for a possible implementation of a Single-Fuel Concept – and fueltypes within the Armed Forces. This work is also aimed at identifying areas ofspecial concern and subsequently to present facts to be utilized in thedevelopment of organisation and equipment. The method in this study isdescriptive. Literature studies and qualitative interviews constitute thefoundation of this paper.The most important conclusions given here are that the Single-Fuel Conceptwill allegedly make way for operative advantages with increased efficiencyduring combat and missions. A number of limitations are being pointed out andthe most significant areas of concern are primarily the equipmentinteroperability and decisive components regarding environmental issues.
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 02-04

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Ertac, Dizem. "Investigating the effects of environmental and energy policies in Turkey using an energy-disaggregated CGE model." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315740.

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This thesis investigates environmental and energy policies that Turkey needs to adopt on its way to a sustainable development path. A comparative-static, multi-sectoral CGE model, TurkMod, is developed in order to analyze the potential scenarios available for the Turkish economy to attain a low-carbon society with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports. Domestic energy demand has significantly increased in Turkey over the past decades and this has put a lot of pressure on policy-makers as the economy greatly depends on imports of natural gas and oil as far as current energy consumption is concerned. The CGE model in this study is based on a 2012 energy-disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) constructed as a part of this thesis as well. The energy-disaggregated SAM incorporates 18 sectors for production activities, 11 products as commodities, 2 factors of production as labor and capital, 3 institutional accounts as firms, households, and the government, a separate account for taxes on commodities, taxes on production and taxes on different types of factor use, a capital account, and finally the rest of the world (ROW) account. Disaggregating the electricity sector to include 8 different types of power generating sectors (5 of which are renewable energy sources) enables electric power substitution in the model. The energy-disaggregated SAM is further linked with satellite accounts which include data on derived energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.The macroeconomic and environmental impacts of four distinct sets of scenarios are analyzed with respect to the baseline scenario. The first scenario simulates a 30% increase in energy efficiency in the production sectors and the residential sector and evidence is found for reaching the 21% GHG mitigation target set in Turkey’s pledge for Paris Agreement compliance. The second set of scenarios is the inclusion of a medium-level and high-level carbon tax rates for coal, oil and natural gas. The carbon tax scenarios produce significant effects on both emission reduction targets and substituting fossil fuel technologies with cleaner energy types. The third scenario investigates the sectoral and welfare impacts of providing subsidies for renewable energy sources. Turkey has already adopted a scheme where renewable energies are beings subsidized and promoted, however, this policy does not produce the necessary transformation for the Turkish society when utilized solely on its own. The fourth scenario estimates the effects of changes in world prices of energy on the Turkish economy. A 20% increase in world energy prices, i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal, induces substantial changes in the breakdown of TPES and the power-generating sector, but this scenario is a rather hypothetical one as it cannot be suggested as a viable policy option. All in all, these potential energy scenarios have significant and influential impacts on the Turkish economy and its environment. Notwithstanding, a carbon tax policy proves to be the most viable scenario which leads to reduced energy intensities in all sectors, a 21% GHG emissions abatement, and a transformation of the energy sector towards having a low-carbon content along with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Munro, Fiona Robertson. "Renewable energy in Scotland : extending the transition-periphery dynamics approach." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8714/.

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Scotland is being transformed as renewable energy resources are being exploited through new developments and infrastructure as part of an energy transition. Scotland has a significant amount of potential onshore and offshore renewable energy available for capture largely located in rural and isolated regions. Some of this potential renewable energy has been developed and contributes to the increasing amount of energy from low carbon sources in the UK, aiding in the UK reaching its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets. This thesis responds to four research questions. The first proposes an analytical framework that incorporates the concept of resource peripheries and processes of peripheralization and centralization in the multilevel perspective (MLP) from the sociotechnical transitions literature. The second discusses the transition dynamics during the renewable energy transition in Scotland that are being shaped by a number of drivers including the shift to community ownership in Scotland and a range of policies, targets, and legislation. The third address the relationship dynamics between cores and peripheries created through processes of peripheralization that include relational, multi-dimensional processes that are also multi-scalar. The fourth discusses the uneven multi-scalar dynamics created as a transition occurs with processes of peripheralization and centralization creating resource peripheries as ‘transition-periphery dynamics’. By better understanding these dynamics and relationships during transitions the renewable energy transition can be better informed to deal with possible implications and ensure possible benefits are secured for a more sustainable future.

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Bengtsson, Josefin. "Stormar, kunder och Facebook– En fallstudie över Kraftringen Energi ABs kommunikationsstrategier på Facebook, vid en storm." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20189.

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I denna uppsats har energibolaget Kraftringen Energi AB blivit behandlat, utifrån syftet attundersöka de strategier som de använder vid en storm med fokus på deras användning av det sociala mediet, Facebook. Utöver detta har också en jämförelse gjorts för att se om deras arbete skiljer sig från det arbete som gjordes innan varumärkesbytet som Kraftringen Energi AB genomgick för två år sen med det arbete som görs idag, med fokus på kommunikationen till kunderna vid en storm. Det fanns också en förhoppning om att kunna presenteraförbättringsförslag som företaget kan använda sig av i deras framtida arbete.För att genomföra detta har forskningsmetoden fallstudie används, och där fokusen har legat påden informationen som framkom vid de sex semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer somgjordes som hade ett målinriktat urval av intervjupersoner. Det material som tagits fram vidintervjuerna har sedan jämförts med tidigare forskning och teori, men också med deninnehållsanalys som har gjorts av företagets Facebook-sida under stormen Sven.Den slutsats som tagits fram med hjälp av diskussionen visar på att det idag inte finns strategierpå hur arbetet på Facebook ska fungera vid en storm, vilket därmed också blivit ett av deförbättringsförslag som tagits fram tillsammans med att tillsätta en ansvarig för denna uppgift.Det fanns inte heller någon märkbar skillnad på arbetet som gjordes innan varumärkesbytet motdet som görs idag vid en storm, utöver att företaget använder sig av Facebook. En idé sompresenterats till detta är att genomföra träning på den strategi som finns idag för att finna nyaförbättringar på den. Men också att företaget bör överväga att ta fram strategier hur derasFacebook-sida ska användas och om det ska finnas en ansvarig person för denna sida samt derasandra sociala medier.
In this paper, the energy company Kraftringen Energi AB has been discussed, according to the purpose to investigate the strategies they use at a storm with a focus on their use of social media, Facebook. In addition, also a comparison was made to see if their work differs from the work that was done before the rebranding as Kraftringen Energi AB underwent two years ago with the work they do today, with a focus on the communication to their customers in during a storm. There was also a hope to present proposals for improvement, which the company can use in their future work.To implement this, the research case study method used, and where the focus has been on the information that emerged during the six semi-structured qualitative interviews were made that had a targeted selection of interview subjects. The materials developed during the interviews were then compared with the previous research and theory, but also with the content analysis made by the company's Facebook page during the storm Sven.The conclusion that has been developed with the help of the discussion shows that today there are strategies on how the work on this should work in a storm, which thus also become one of the suggestions for improvement that have been developed along with adding a charge of this task. There was also no significant difference in the work that was done before the brand transition to what is done today by a storm, beyond that the company uses Facebook. One idea that has been presented to this is to conduct training on the approach available today to find new improvements to it. But also that the company should consider developing strategies how their Facebook page to be used and if there is to be a responsible person for this page, as well as their other social media.

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Bafana, Ramzi, and Zain Zulfiqar. "Solar Energy." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2079.

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This thesis is about Photovoltaic (PV) cells and its stresses in various directions by calculating the power generated using solar cells under different conditions to improve its efficiency. Our research studies found that using multi-junction cells with larger substrates can increase the efficiency to some extent which in practice is limited to 43 percent. The experiment was conducted using ten solar cells each with an area of 20.9〖cm〗 ^2, where each cell gives 0.5 V and 0.4 A and a 1.25 Ω resistor was used. The cells were connected in series. Once, the PV cells were fixed horizontally and the other time tested in tilted position under same outdoor condition. The purpose of testing PV cells was to investigate the efficiency under above mentioned conditions. The data collected from the readings was used in calculation, and we have obtained from the calculations that horizontally fixed cells gave 4.8 percent efficiency whereas tilted cells gave 6.6 percent efficiency. Hence, the ratio showed that fixed cells produced 37.5 percent more power compared to horizontally fixed cells. Our other experiment consisted of testing PV cells under different temperature conditions that was done using a freezer and an oven for temperature variation and a tungsten bulb was used as a light source. The purpose of performing this experiment was to investigate how the efficiency of PV cells is affected under extreme conditions. Part of our thesis was also including studies and analysis of produced energy by the solar panel installed on the roof of “BTH” building in Karlskrona, Sweden. The data consisted of energy produced from February up to August 2014. The investigation also included finding the highest produced energy during these months. We have found that the highest energy was generated on the 1st of July which was 12.86 kWh. Furthermore, we went deep into investigation of the 1st of July to know exactly which hour of that day the highest energy was produced. The data showed that the highest produced energy was at 12:19 and 13:19 which was 2.03 kWh.
Ramzi: +46723231353, +966561993488 Zain:

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Sztankovics, Linda. "Shifting powers, prospects and perspectives? : A critical reading of the European Union’s geopolitical reasoning on critical raw materials." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9700.

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Global energy transitions and rises in demand for critical raw materials (CRMs) are predicted to reshape global politics in yet uncertain but profound ways. With CRMs being vital for Europe’s decarbonization process, the present study sets out to examine the EU’s geopolitical discourse by taking an inquisitive yet critical stance focusing particularly on the new “geopolitical” Commission’s geopolitical reasoning on CRMs. Building upon critical geopolitics, a discourse analysis was conducted on 9 European Commission communications (2019–2020). Three key observations were made: first, a ‘geopolitical’ and ‘assertive’ EU is crucial in an increasingly ‘fragile’, ‘polarized’ and ‘competitive’ world. Second, securing CRMs is a ‘security question’, requiring ‘strategic approaches and partnerships’, notably with ‘resource–rich regions’ and particularly with Africa. Third, the EU’s narrative is ambiguous. While classical geopolitical assumptions are distinguishable, it remains questionable whether the EU will depart from its familiar path of liberal cooperation, multilateralism and trade when scouting for CRMs, although its role as a “benign ally” can be questioned. Further studies on the EU’s geopolitical reasoning, along with its actual practice in the area of CRMs, are warranted. Likewise, a critical reading of reports and foresight preceding EU policymaking is encouraged, to better comprehend how the EU’s dominating geopolitical discourse on CRMs and subsequent practice is produced in the first place.

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Horan, Kevin. "Evaluating the Energy Returns of Investment-Based Incentive Programs: The Case of Oregon's Business Energy Tax Credits." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11992.

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x, 59 p.
Governments around the world provide financial incentives to encourage renewable energy generation and energy conservation. The primary goals of these efforts are to mitigate climate change and improve long-term energy independence by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The consensus in the energy incentive literature is that performance-based incentives, which fund energy output, are more cost efficient than investment-based incentives, which fund capital input. This thesis uses a 30-year case study of Oregon's Business Energy Tax Credit (BETC) program to argue that investment-based energy incentives are moderately cost efficient relative to other state performance-based incentives and can be an effective driver of clean energy deployment. However, this analysis also finds that there are significant opportunities to improve the cost efficiency of investment-based energy incentive programs by targeting least cost projects. Namely, 50% of the first year kilowatt-hour electricity returns of the BETC program could have been achieved at 10% of the cost. These lessons from historical BETC spending should guide policymakers, NGO.s, and businesses who aim to make targeted use of fiscally-constrained energy incentive programs.
Committee in charge: Laura Leete, Chair; Ron Mitchell, Member; Grant Jacobsen, Member

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energy social science'

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