Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energy Return On Investment (EROI)'
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1
Lundin, Johan. "EROI of crystalline silicon photovoltaics : Variations under different assumptions regarding manufacturing energy inputs and energy output." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-199639.
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Installed photovoltaic nameplate power have been growing rapidly around the worldin the last few years. But how much energy is returned to society (i.e. net energy) by this technology, and which factors contribute the most to the amount of energy returned? The objective of this thesis was to examine the importance of certain inputs and outputs along the solar panel production chain and their effect on the energy return on (energy) investment (EROI) for crystalline wafer-based photovoltaics. A process-chain model was built using publicly available life-cycle inventory (LCI) datasets. This model has been kept simple in order to ensure transparency. Univariate sensitivity analysis for processes and multivariate case studies was then applied to the model. The results show that photovoltaic EROI values are very sensitive to assumptions regarding location and efficiency. The ability of solar panels to deliver net energy in northern regions of the earth is questionable. Solar cell wafer thickness have a large impact on EROI, with thinner wafers requiring less silicon material. Finding an alternative route for production of solar-grade silicon is also found to be of great importance, as is introduction of kerf loss recycling. Equal system sizes have been found to yield an primary EROI between approximately 5.5-19 depending on location and assumptions. This indicates that a generalized absolute EROI for photovoltaics may be of little use for decision-makers. Using the net energy cliff concept in relation to primary EROI found in this thesis shows that primary EROI rarely decreases to less than the threshold of 8:1 in univariate cases. Crystalline photovoltaics under similar system boundaries as those in the thesis model does not necessarily constrain economic growth on an energetic basis.
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Southon, Michael Carl. "Performance and cost evaluation to inform the design and implementation of Organic Rankine Cycles in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10728.
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The aim of this thesis is to evaluate ORC systems and technologies from an energy and economic perspective. ORC systems are a growing renewable electricity generation technology, but New Zealand has limited local skills and expertise for identifying ORC resource opportunities and subsequently developing suitable technologies at low cost. For this reason, this thesis researches ORC technology, resource types, and international development, with the aim to determine guidelines for how to cost-effectively develop ORC systems, and to make recommendations applicable to furthering their development within a New Zealand context. This thesis first uses two surveys, one of commercial ORC installations, and a second of economic evaluations of ORC systems in literature, to determine what resources and economic scenarios are supportive of commercial development. It is found that geothermal resources provide the largest share of ORC capacity, with biomass and waste-heat recovery (WHR) being developed more recently. The surveys also found that countries with high electricity prices or policy interventions have developed a wider range of resources using ORC systems. This thesis then undertakes an EROI evaluation of ORC electricity generation systems using a combination of top-down and process based methodologies. Various heat sources; geothermal, biomass, solar, and waste heat are evaluated in order to determine how the utilised resource can affect energy profitability. A wide range of EROIstnd values, from 3.4 – 22.7 are found, with solar resources offering the lowest EROIs, and geothermal systems the highest. Higher still EROI values are found to be obtainable with longer system lifetimes, especially for WHR systems. Specific engineering aspects of ORC design and technology such as high-side pressure, heat storage, modularity, superheating, pinch-point temperature difference, and turbine efficiency are evaluated in terms of economic performance, and a variety of general conclusions are made about each. It is found that total system thermo-economic optimisation may not lead to the highest possible EROI, depending on the objective function. Lastly, the effects of past and potential future changes to the markets and economies surrounding ORCs are explored, including the New Zealand electricity spot price, steel and aluminium prices, subsidies, and climate policy. Of the subsidy types explored, it is found that directly subsidising ORC system capital has the greatest effect on the economic performance of ORC systems, as measured by common metrics. In conclusion, this thesis finds that ORC systems have a limited applicability to New Zealand’s electricity market under current economic conditions outside of geothermal and off-grid generation, but changes to these conditions could potentially make their development more viable. The author recommends that favourable resources should be developed using systems that provide high efficiencies, beyond what might provide the best economic performance, in order to increase EROI, and reduce the future need for costly investments into increasingly less favourable resources.
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Caballero, Sandra Catalina. "Architectural variations in residences and their effects on energy generation by photovoltaics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41204.
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In the current global market, there are plenty solutions for the savings of energy in
the different areas of consumption in buildings: Green roofs and walls, cool roofs,
daylighting, motion sensors, and others but there are very few sources of renewable
energy at the reach of a common person in residential (smaller) scale. Photovoltaic
systems are the most well-know and reliable process of harvesting energy at this small
scale.
The relationship between energy demand and energy production when installing a
photovoltaics system in a residence is one of the main drivers while making a decision at
the time of purchasing a system. However, architectural decisions in early stages may
influence, enhance or even decrease the possible energy generation and interior
performance, thus influencing the possible return of investment. This study evaluates the
possible architectural variations that may be beneficial or disadvantegous at a particular city
and other circumstances.
From, roof, angle, location, roof articulation, layout articulation , shading devices
and others, this paper shows a spectrum of convenient and inconvenient projects due to
current conditions like climate, solar radiation, typical construction, electricity rates and
government incentives. As a conclusion a hierarchy of architectural elements when being
used with photovoltaics is developed to demonstrate that a common user can strategically
play with architectural features of his/her house to take the most out of the system.
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Kabzáni, Matej. "Vplyv energetických opatrní na ceny prevádzky budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318594.
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The theme of the diploma thesis "Effect of energy care on building prices" is the design and assessment of several measures, two of which generally lead to lower heating costs. The diploma thesis deals with evaluation of the current state of the family house and determination of PENB before the construction modifications and subsequently after the construction modifications, defining subsequent measures for energy saving implementation, both in terms of energy, economic and also environmental.
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Baranyková, Zuzana. "Provozní náklady rodinných domů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227516.
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This master thesis determines and compares operating costs (energy balance) of family houses, depending on their age and during their life cycle. The basic terms, heat-technical properties and technological procedures of improving heat-technical properties are defined in the first part of the thesis. In the practical part, the operating costs of three older houses are determined. Variants of building modifications to improve heat-technical properties are suggested and evaluated. Certificates of energy performance were determined and the values compared, for both the current state of the houses and for the state after the improvement heat-technical properties. The thesis includes calculation of building modifications costs and the payback period of the investment.
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Rezec, Michael. "Alternative approaches in ESG investing : four essays on investment performance & risk." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8127.
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ESG (Environmental, social, and governance) investing is an investment philosophy to inform holistic and sound decision-making of investors for the purposes of both, nourishing a stable economy with acceptable rates of return while at the same time addressing stakeholders' non-financial concerns to preserve an inhabitable planet. Some scholars in finance argue that institutions subject to norms, i.e. responsible investors pay a financial cost from engaging in ESG activities. Moreover, they see ESG investing as distracting, inappropriate, risky and legally challenging. In response, several studies have emerged to show that ESG investing is a growing interest with investors, helps to mitigate financial risks, and does not need to represent a financial cost. Despite convincing evidence in a growing body of academic literature, many questions are still open to debate. Therefore, the principal objective of this thesis is to explore three dimensions of ESG investing, namely corporate environmental responsibility, renewable energy, and ESG disclosure quality. The research questions address issues relating to pension funds' investment decisions and legal obstacles resulting from utilising ESG information, financial return and risk implications of investing in renewable energy, substitutability of renewable energy for fossil fuel investments, and the effects of ESG disclosure quality on the expected cost of capital. To answer these questions, the thesis employs several standard and alternative empirical methods from the asset pricing and risk literatures. The thesis concludes the following. First, the integration of environmental responsibility into pension fund investment decision-making processes does not impede the financial and risk performance of pension funds. This means that pension funds should be allowed to consider such information in their investment decision making processes as the information does not reduce the overall financial return of the tested portfolios and does not violate trust law, i.e. the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Pension fund trustees have been prohibited to consider any non-financial criteria such as environmental, social, or governance criteria in their investment processes under trust law such as ERISA, when they could harm the finanical performance of the portfolio. To be more specific, a pension fund trustee breaches his fiduciary duties (the duty of loyalty and the duty of prudence), if he sacrifices the financial well-being of the pension fund for pursuing any other social goal (Langbein and Posner, 1980). In particular, the duty of loyalty is "... forbidding the trustee to invest for any object other than the highest return consistent with the preferred level of portfolio risk" (Langbein and Posner, 1980:98). Second, the thesis finds no evidence for sustained renewable energy equity premia. Furthermore, investments in renewable energy equity are considerably riskier than in fossil fuel energy equity, meaning that renewable energy firms are undergoing a period of high uncertainties related to their business model, low carbon prices, and lacking public and private infrastructure investment (Bohl et al., 2013; Kumar et al., 2012; Sadorsky, 2012b ). Finally, my thesis shows that companies with high ESG disclosure quality experience lower expected cost of equity and cost of debt financing, everything else equal.
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Ondráček, Jan. "Vyhodnocení efektivnosti investic do energetických úspor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227665.
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Investments in energy saving of buildings is associated with a reduction in the operating costs, but it is also an effort to improve the quality of the environment. The main impulse are constantly rising energy prices and deteriorating air quality. The diploma thesis deals with the return on investment in thermal insulation of residential houses. The theoretical part describes the different definitions from the field of investments, pricing and energy modifications. In the practical part are considered two apartment buildings, the first insulated, non-insulated second. The next step is quantifying of the investment cost of such insulation designed with the calculation of payback period, net present value and internal rate of return. At the end of the work is the evaluation of the effectiveness of investments.
8
Černín, Lukáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení bytového domu v Brně Slatině." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232729.
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The aim of this thesis is to assess the influence of superstructure implementation and thermal insulation of residential building for expenses associated with operating the property. Calculation used detached brick apartment building in Brno Slatina on the street Tilhonova 50a/50b, which has two separated entrances. The heat sources, principles of thermal insulation of residential buildings, energy prices and the possibility of her savings have been described theoretically. Various materials have been designed with different insulation thicknesses of thermal insulation material. To existing and newly designed apartment building has been processed label of the building envelope and certificate of energy performance of the building and then the values were compared. The thesis includes a calculation of the costs to perform construction modifications and determine payback period of the investment.
9
Hernandez, Jose Arreola. "Vine copula modelling of dependence and portfolio optimization with application to mining and energy stock return series from the Australian market." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1693.
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This thesis models the dependence risk profile, investment risk and portfolio allocation features of seven 20-stock portfolios from the mining, energy, retail and manufacturing sectors of the Australian market in the context of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis (2008-2009 GFC) and pre-GFC, GFC, post-GFC and full sample period scenarios revolving around it. The mining and energy portfolios are the base of the study, while the retail and manufacturing are considered for benchmarking purposes. Pair vine copula models including canonical vines (c-vines), drawable vines (d-vines) and regular vines (r-vines) are fitted for the analysis of the portfolios’ multivariate dependence and their underlying sectors’ dependence risk dynamics. Besides, linear and nonlinear optimization methods threaded with the variance, mean absolute deviation (MAD), minimizing regret (Minimax), conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) and conditional Drawdown-at-Risk (CDaR) risk measures are implemented to examine the portfolios’ investment risk and optimal portfolio allocation features.
The vine copula modelling of dependence aims at examining the dependence risk profile of the portfolios in specific market conditions; studying the changes of the portfolios’ dependence structure between pairs of period scenarios; and recognizing the vine copula models that best account for the portfolios’ multivariate dependence. The multiple risk measure-based portfolio optimization seeks to identify the least and most investment risky portfolios, single out the portfolio that offers the best risk-return trade-off and recognize the stocks in the portfolios that are good candidates for investment.
This thesis’ main contributions stem from the “copula counting technique” and “average model convergence” perspectives proposed to handle, analyse and interpret the portfolios’ dependence structure and portfolio allocation features. The copula counting technique aside from simplifying the analysis and interpretation of the assets’ dependence structure, it enables an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of their underlying dependence risk dynamics in specific market conditions. The average model convergence addresses the optimal stock selection and investment confidence problems underlying any type of portfolio optimization, and faced by investors when having to select stocks from a wide array of optimal investment scenarios, in a more objective manner, through model convergence and model consensus. Both, the copula counting technique and average model convergence are new concepts that introduce new theory to the pair vine copula and multiple risk measure-based portfolio optimization literatures.
The research findings stemming from the vine copula modelling of dependence indicate that the each of the portfolios modelled has dependence risk features consistent with specific market conditions. Out of the seven portfolios modelled the gold mining and retail benchmark portfolios are found to have the lowest dependence risk in times of financial turbulence. The iron ore-nickel mining and oil-gas energy portfolios have the highest dependence risk in similar market conditions. Out of the energy portfolios the coal-uranium is significantly less dependence risky, relative to the oil-gas. Out of the mining portfolios the iron ore-nickel is the most dependence risky, while the gold portfolio has the lowest dependence risk. The retail benchmark portfolio is significantly less dependence risky than the manufacturing benchmark portfolio in both, tranquil periods and non-tranquil periods. In terms of investment risk, the oil-gas energy portfolio is the most risky.
The “copula counting technique” is acknowledged for simplifying the analysis and interpretation of the portfolios’ dependence structure and their sectors’ dependence risk dynamics. The average model convergence provides an alternative avenue to identify stocks with large weight allocations and high return relative to risk. The research findings and empirical results are interesting in terms of theory and practical financial applications. Portfolio managers, risk managers, hedging practitioners, financial market analysts, systemic risk and capital requirement agents, who follow the trends of the Australian mining, energy, retail and manufacturing sectors, may find the obtained results useful to design investment risk and dependence risk-adjusted optimization algorithms, risk management frameworks and dynamic hedging strategies that best account for the downside risk the mining and energy sectors face during crisis periods to the pair vine copula and multiple risk measure-based portfolio optimization literatures.
The research findings stemming from the vine copula modelling of dependence indicate that the each of the portfolios modelled has dependence risk features consistent with specific market conditions. Out of the seven portfolios modelled the gold mining and retail benchmark portfolios are found to have the lowest dependence risk in times of financial turbulence. The iron ore-nickel mining and oil-gas energy portfolios have the highest dependence risk in similar market conditions. Out of the energy portfolios the coal-uranium is significantly less dependence risky, relative to the oil-gas. Out of the mining portfolios the iron ore-nickel is the most dependence risky, while the gold portfolio has the lowest dependence risk. The retail benchmark portfolio is significantly less dependence risky than the manufacturing benchmark portfolio in both, tranquil periods and non-tranquil periods. In terms of investment risk, the oil-gas energy portfolio is the most risky.
The “copula counting technique” is acknowledged for simplifying the analysis and interpretation of the portfolios’ dependence structure and their sectors’ dependence risk dynamics. The average model convergence provides an alternative avenue to identify stocks with large weight allocations and high return relative to risk. The research findings and empirical results are interesting in terms of theory and practical financial applications. Portfolio managers, risk managers, hedging practitioners, financial market analysts, systemic risk and capital requirement agents, who follow the trends of the Australian mining, energy, retail and manufacturing sectors, may find the obtained results useful to design investment risk and dependence risk-adjusted optimization algorithms, risk management frameworks and dynamic hedging strategies that best account for the downside risk the mining and energy sectors face during crisis periods.
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Ruber, Lukáš. "Posouzení návratnosti investice do energeticky úsporného a standardního rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402595.
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The thesis deals with the assessment of the return on economic investment in passive house compared to the low-energy (standard) house. The thesis deals with the issue of passive house, development, conception and division of structural parts including used materials. Their advantages, disatvantages and possibilities of use in construction are briefly discussed. The main part of the thesis focuses on the economic return on investment in passive house. Based on a detailed calculation, the costs for two buildings in low-energy and passive standards are quantified here. The passive standard is achieved by various design modifications. All this is supported by software calculation of annual energy consumption. The return on such an investment is then determined in more ways from this balance sheet, taking into account the evolution of energy prices.
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Sedláček, Jiří. "Vliv provedení zateplení bytového domu v Třebíči na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318561.
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This thesis solves assessment and project insulation of a block of flats in Trebic, on the expenses related to its operation. In the theoretical part of thesis are given the reasons for thermal insulation of buildings, requirements in terms of energy intensity of buildings, static and fire safety for insulation of buildings. In the practical part, the current state of the block of flats is evaluated from a thermal-technical point of view, three new thermal insulation options are proposed, their evaluation and their return time calculated.
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Vyplel, Michal. "Vliv provedení zateplení na bytový dům v Židenicích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318579.
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Diploma thesis named The influence of insulating a block of flats in Židenice is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part there are mentioned types of the thermal insulation and their attributes, methods of insulation and types of assessment energy consumption of buildings. Basic concepts and legislation of the thermal technical properties are described in the theoretical too. In the practical part there are processed three variants in which I determine the calculation of the overall value for the insulation, energy consumption and simple payback period and influence for total price of the apartment building.
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Čupr, Pavel. "Analýza vlivu zateplení na cenu bytových jednotek v typovém domě ve Vyškově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233109.
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This thesis examines the influence of insulation of perimeter structures on the price of residential units in model house. Model example is prefabricated house in the town of Vyškov. The aim is to determine whether is the investment for owners of individual apartments beneficial and, if so, what is its return time. Two views on this issue are saving energy for heating and appreciation of prices of apartments. The secondary objective is considering other options to save energy.
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Polický, Robin. "Vliv provedení zateplení řadových rodinných domů na výdaje spojené s jejich provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446753.
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The diploma thesis examines the influence of insulation of terraced houses on the expenses associated with their operation. Its first part deals with legislation concerning the issue and evaluation of energy performance of buildings. Furthermore, the types and properties of the used thermal insulation, methods of thermal insulation, types of filling of openings and then the used methods of budgeting are described. The second part contains several variants of insulation of terraced houses, which are assessed in terms of energy intensity and finally in terms of economic return on investment in insulation.
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Gajdoš, Nikola. "Posouzení návratnosti investice do pasivního a standardního rodinného domu ve Zlíně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377746.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the economic return of the investment in the passive house compared to the standard house. The thesis presents the common problems of passive construction, history, requirements, properties and used materials. The method of assessment is based on the return on initial investment in the passive house. The main part of the thesis focuses on materials with thermal insulating properties and software calculation of annual energy consumption. At the end of the thesis an analysis of energy prices at the time of return was made. The output of the work is the payback time of the initial investment in the passive house in years at two different prices of energy consumption.
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Bojko, Tomáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení zdravotního střediska na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413833.
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These thesis deal with assessment influence thermal insulation of the health care in Jablunkov on outlay connected with operation. The first part is dedicated to demands of energy buildings in general, legislation and basic requirements on evaluation of energy performance of buildings. Afterwards there are described individual species of thermal insulation materials including different ways of thermal insulation of constructions. Then there are described methods of budgeting and economic evaluation of investment. The second part of these thesis deal with design of several variants of thermal insulation of the health care. On the basis of proposals of thermal insulation are then stated variations in expense for management of the health care without thermal insulation of perimeter structure and on the other side with the thermal insulation variants. At the end of thesis there are evaluated all proposed variants of thermal insulation in terms of economic returns if own financial resources and credit are used.
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Pavlíčková, Eva. "Vyhodnocení efektivnosti investic obnovitelných zdrojů energie na příkladu malých vodních elektráren." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85288.
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Thesis deals with the use of renewable sources of energy focused on water energy, especially small hydropower plants in Czech Republic. It should clarify the legal and technical framework for energy production in small hydro power plants, types of aid and the amount for the operator. Case studies describe the construction and reconstruction of small hydroelectric power plants which are dependant on the amount of feed-in tariffs and try to find out the economic efficiency according to the selected methods of investment appraisal.
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Pokorná, Jana. "Vliv provedení zateplení rodinného domu ve Slavicích na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233085.
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This master´s thesis deals with insulation of the house and it's costs. First part describes the energy performance of building, different methods of thermal insulation and types of thermal isolation. This thesis evaluates the influence of thermal insulation of residential building design for expenses associated with operating the property. This thesis uncludes thermal technical assessment of the condition of the house and then heat the assessment of the options for the thermal insulation on its economic return. In conclusion, the assessment of individual variants insulation is calculated as a simple payback period and the effect on price of this house.
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Stromecký, Jiří. "Vliv provedení zateplení objektu rodinného domu v obci Újezd u Rosic na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254198.
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The influence of the thermal insulation of a family house in the village of Újezd u Rosic and the expenses related with the operation of this property. Brief characteristics of the task and its challenges: The task will be to work on a proposal to insulate the chosen property. Based on this proposal, then evaluate the difference in cost for the operation of the property before and after insulation. The work will also evaluate the economic return on the investments made.
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Labounek, Martin. "Vliv provedení zateplení rodinného domu na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254235.
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This diploma thesis deals with insulation of the house and it's costs. First part relates to the developement of the construction, the current trends in the construction of houses, prices of energy and heating options. Next part relates with insulation system ETICS, the way of it's implementation and thermal assessment with basic names. Thermal insulation is designed in six variants. The work includes thermal assessment in original condition and the assessment of new condition modified by adding thermal insulation with it's economic return. In conclusion, the diploma thesis evaluates the payback period of insulation.
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Ptáček, Zdeněk. "Vliv provedení zateplení administrativní budovy na výdaje spojené s jejím provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254245.
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This thesis evaluates the influence of a administrative building on the expenses associated with its operation. The administrative building is situated on the street Kloboucká in Brumov-Bylnice. The building has two floor and is founded on strip foundations. Roofing of the house is solved. In the first part of the thesis is a theoretical introduction in the legislature, energy prices and the possibility of insulation. In the practical part of the thesis is an assessment coefficient of heat administrative buildings, evaluation of individual variants insulation and calculated simple payback period.
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Lušinská, Jana. "Vliv provedení zateplení hasičské zbrojnice na výdaje spojené s jejím provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382223.
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This thesis sloves assessment and project insulation of a firehouse, on the expenses related to its operation.Firehouse is situated in Hruba Vrbka nr.138. The building is partly basement, has free floors and is based on concrete foundation girders. Roofing is by the tent roof. In the first part of the thesis is a theoretical introduction in the legislature, energy prices and the posibility of insulation. In the practical part of the thesis is an assessment coefficient of firehouse, evaluation of individual variants insulation and calculated simple payback period.
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Richter, Filip. "Energeticko-ekonomická optimalizace parametrů tepelné izolace moderních rodinných domů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230567.
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The subject of this thesis is to simulate the energy balance of the two new buildings, classic brick buildings and light wood construction. On the basis of these simulations are compared effects of various parameters of insulation including panels for building openings on heat loss, energy efficiency cooling and solar gains. Energy simulations were performed with TRNSYS 16_1.
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Novotná, Jana. "Financování revitalizace bytového domu s dvanácti bytovými jednotkami v Blansku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223449.
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This diploma thesis discusses the possible ways of financing the comprehensive revitalization of the apartment house. This diploma thesis contains calculations of the savings, selection of the implementer and assessment of the debt financing.
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LEFFLER, OSCAR, and NASSIF MANSOUR. "A Study of Energy Saving Actions in Older Buildings in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240673.
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Modern energy saving technologies are become increasingly mature, easier to implement and financially profitable. Both the European Union and the Swedish government have directives with goals regarding energy savings for the year 2020 and 2030. Here, making buildings more energy efficient plays a large role as around 40% of the total energy usage in Europe can be related to buildings. Constructing new, nearly zero energy houses is currently very popular, but as a vast majority of all buildings in a country like Sweden are older buildings, built before 1980, a majority of the used energy will come from these buildings. Hence, there is plenty of incentive for carrying out energy saving actions and investments in older buildings. From previous research and interviews with energy consultants, it can be concluded that energy saving actions are not being carried to the extent that is possible. This thesis aims to find out why this is and mainly what the main obstacles are when implementing energy saving solutions in older buildings. A case study, consisting of eight interviews with energy consultants and real estate owners was carried out in order to get an understanding of the current situation and the different stakeholders views on this issue. The results showed that, at least in the represented cases, there is a will among real estate owners for moving forward with energy saving. An understanding has also recently emerged where most real estate owners realize that there are great financial incentives connected to implementing energy saving solutions to current, older buildings. However, increased will of making a change has not yet resulted in a majority of buildings having installed energy saving solutions. One factor for this is that each building is its own individual case and therefore needs to be handled individually due to different conditions and are therefore suitable for different energy saving actions. Other factors include lack of technical and financial understanding among some real estate owners, slow decision making processes and ownership types. The research explores theories related to decision makings to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the current situation of energy saving in Sweden, as well as a contribution to the theoretical literature regarding decision makingModern teknik inom energibesparing blir allt mer mognare, lättare att implementera och finansiellt lönsamt. Både den europeiska unionen och den svenska regeringen har direktiv med mål för energibesparing för år 2020 och 2030. Här spelar byggnader en viktig roll, då byggnader står för ca 40 % av den totala energianvändningen i Europa. Att bygga nya, nära noll energi byggnader är för närvarande väldigt populärt. Men i ett land som Sverige, där majoriteten av alla byggnader är äldre byggnader, kommer majoriteten av energianvändningen fortfarande från dessa. Därav finns det stora incitament till att genomföra energieffektiviserande åtgärder på äldre byggnader i Sverige. Från tidigare studier och intervjuer med energikonsulter kan det fastslås att energibesparande åtgärder ej genomförs i den grad som det är möjligt. Målet med denna rapport är att utröna varför det är så samt vilka huvudsakliga hinder som kan relateras till energibesparing i äldre byggnader. För att få en överblick av den befintliga situationen samt hur olika intressenter ser på denna fråga genomfördes en fallstudie bestående av åtta intervjuer med energikonsulter och fastighetsägare. Resultaten från studien pekade på att det finns en vilja bland fastighetsägare att gå vidare med energibesparande åtgärder. På senare tid har även en förståelse vuxit fram bland fastighetsägare där man inser att det även finns stora finansiella incitament med att implementera energibesparande åtgärder på äldre byggnader. Detta har dock ännu ej lett till att energibesparande åtgärder genomförts på en majoritet av befintliga byggnader. En anledning till detta är att varje byggnad måste hanteras individuellt då alla har olika förutsättningar och därmed lämpar sig för olika energibesparande lösningar. Andra faktorer inkluderar teknisk och ekonomisk kunskapsbrist bland vissa fastighetsägare, långsamma beslutsprocesser och ägarstrukturer. Studien nyttjar teorier relaterade till beslutsfattning för att ge läsaren en överblick av den befintliga situationen kring energibesparing i Sverige. I tillägg bidrar studien till den teoretiska litteraturen om beslutsfattning.
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Hanyk, Tomáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení stavby pro rodinou rekreaci na výdaje spojené s jejím provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382186.
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This diploma thesis deals with the impact of thermal insulation on expenses relateted to the operation of the weekend house. Theoretical part describes options of thermal insulation systems, insulation methodes, describes structural prices and costs. Practical part of this thesis describes heat costs on specific weekend house situated in Karlovy Vary region. Thermal insulations are designed in three different variants. Calculation of costs of every designed insulation systém is included in this thesis. In next part of thesis is calculated return of investment for every designed solution. In conclusion of the diploma thesis are compared impacts of thermal insulation on expenses ralated to the operation of the weekend house.
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Mach, Stanislav. "Vliv provedení zateplení objektu penzionu na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233082.
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The thesis solves the construction of the pension and deals with the assessment of the impact of the thermal insulation on expenses related to the operation of the property. The pension is situated on the street Valtická in Mikulov. The building has one floor and is founded on strip foundations. Roofing of the house is solved with irregular gable roof. In the first part of the thesis is a theoretical introduction mentions the possibility of building insulation and insulation methods. In the practical part of the thesis is an assessment of the heat transfer coefficient of the pension and costs associated with heating. There is also a proposal for modifications of the envelope construction with assessment of the heat factor and there are also proposed modifications to reduce the costs of operating the property.
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Baďurová, Monika. "Vliv obálkových konstrukcí budovy na výdaje spojené s jejím provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241339.
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The thesis deals with the assessment of the current proposal for pension envelopes along with proposing alternative plans with emphasis on reducing heating costs. The first section describes the types of buildings according to heating demand and output energy performance of buildings. Work also deals with a list of different variants of thermal insulation materials and design options outer insulation of the building envelope. It outlines fire characteristics of building materials and options of construction budget. The second part is devoted to a specific pension house in the Old Rejviz for which there are designed in three variants of insulation. These variants are then reviewed in terms of thermal insulation. Through research will bedetermined price of implementation of proposed insulation options together with the costs of operation of the pension. The conclusion is to evaluate each proposed version of insulation of the building envelope associated with the economic return on investment.
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Jílek, Jan. "Vliv provedení zateplení budovy se zelenou střechou na výdaje spojené s jejím provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446760.
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Diploma thesis entitled Influence of green roof insulation on the costs associated with one operation with an assessment of the design of alternative solutions for external contact thermal insulation system and their effects on the assessment of energy performance of the building and the associated costs of construction and operation. Alternatives for the design of a flat roof with a vegetation layer are also chosen in the construction solution of the building. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with the general requirements for the design and assessment of energy performance of buildings. The second part describes the individual options of the selected contact thermal insulation system and variants of flat roofs with a vegetation layer. In the next part, the budget for individual variants of thermal insulation is solved and the price of all variants is determined. The last part demonstrates the assessment of all variants and the overall economic evaluation with the selection of the best variants. For all variants, the time for which the investment will return is evaluated.
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Batrla, Jan. "Vliv provedení zateplení na rodinném domě v obci Karolínka na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233054.
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This thesis evaluates the influence of thermal insulation of a detached house on the expenses associated with the operation of the property. The first part describes the construction of houses from history to the present day, as well as legislation associated with the thermal insulation of buildings. The work also deals with the energy performance of buildings, energy price developments, types of thermal isolation and insulation of Houses. Thoroughly analyzes ETICS insulation systém. The second part is devoted to a particular detached house in the village Karolinka to evaluate the economic return on investment. Thermal insulation is solved in seven variants. The work includes thermal technical assessment of the condition of the original house and then heat the assessment of the options for the thermal insulation on its economic return. In conclusion, the assessment of individual variants insulation is calculated as a simple payback period.
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Ťuka, Jiří. "Vliv provedení zateplení domu pro seniory ve Šternberku na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318266.
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The diploma thesis is elaborate in order to evaluate the economic returns of each proposed building insulation options for seniors in Šternberk. For the calculation use to secluded brick apartment building in the street Žitná. The theoretical section describes the types of buildings according to heating demand and a list of different variants of thermal insulation materials. The second part contains suggestions for building insulation in several variants. It worked certificate of energy performance of buildings, costs of proposed options and the costs of operating the apartment building before and after the insulation. Based on the comparison of results is elaborate economic returns for each of the proposed options.
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Zvonek, Lukáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení bytového domu ve Slavičíně na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402648.
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The aim of the thesis is the economic evaluation of return of the different variants of thermal insulation for residential building in Slavičín. In the first part are described the topics, which is related to the issue. Further, it is written the entire range of insulations, which currently are appear on the domestic market. In the practical part is described the residential house and are performed by the proposals of the variants of thermal insulation. Further, they are processed energy performance certificates for buildings, the cost to implement the options chosen. In conclusion, the evaluated individual variants and determined their economic return.
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Marešová, Jana. "Posouzení vlivu provedení zateplení Základní školy v Dobrušce na výdaje spojené s provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232621.
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My diploma thesis is foceused on evaluation of return of the investment based on the laster insulation together with the filling of the open space and the usage of the back gained heat. For my calculation I used the real building of the basic school Františka Kupky in Dobruška. It is a typical building extended to the whole area of Czech Republic. The realization of the building was finished in 1994. I deal with more variants of more widths of the insulation system in my work. In every single draft is counted with costs for buying of the insulation and the exchange of the filling of the opern spaces. Every draft is counted with the usage of the back gained heat. The biggest benefit was found in the insulation of the 180 mm perimeter wall and the 280 mm of the roofing sytem. Windows and door had the same number of the heating 0.8 W/m2k. In the experimental calculation with the most advantages the conclusion was made that on the heat loss of thr object is the most influential the filling of the open spaces and the facilities for the back gained heat, too. Because it is a typical building, my diploma thesis could work as a background for the draft of the elimination of the heat loss at the buildings with the same shape and usage.
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Suopajärvi, H. (Hannu). "Bioreducer use in blast furnace ironmaking in Finland:techno-economic assessment and CO₂ emission reduction potential." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207063.
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Abstract Most of the steel produced in the world is based on the integrated blast furnace-converter route, which is based on the use of virgin raw materials. Large amounts of fossil-based, carbon containing reductants are used in blast furnaces, which results in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Fossil carbon dioxide emissions from steel production can be reduced by new technologies or moving from non-renewable to renewable energy sources. Biomass-based reductants could be one way to reduce the specific emissions from blast furnace-based steel production. The aim of this thesis was to examine the techno-economic and CO₂ mitigation potentials of using bioreducers in blast furnace ironmaking. Bioreducer feasibility was analyzed in the Finnish context, but the research methods used can be applied more widely. The metallurgical properties of bioreducers were evaluated and compared to fossil-based reductants. The impact of bioreducers on blast furnace behavior and on other steel plant processes was evaluated, with an emphasis on the reductions achieved in CO₂ emissions at the plant scale. The CO₂ emissions, energy consumption and production costs of bioreducers were evaluated, as was the availability of energy wood for bioreducer production. The results show that solid, liquid and gaseous bioreducers can be produced with thermochemical conversion technologies. However, their suitability for blast furnace use varies greatly. The highest substitution of fossil-based reductants in a blast furnace is achieved with charcoal injection. The carbon footprint of torrefied wood, charcoal and Bio-SNG is moderate compared to fossil-based reducing agents and their production is energetically feasible. The economic feasibility of bioreducers is currently weak in comparison to fossil-based reducing agents, but competitive when compared to other CO₂ emission reduction measures such as carbon capture and storage. The biomass availability assessment revealed that sufficient amount of energy wood could be available for bioreducer production in the areas where Finnish steel plants are situated. The feasibility of bioreducer production could be improved by producing a number of products from the biomass and taking advantage of the process of integration possibilitiesTiivistelmä Suurin osa maailmassa tuotetusta teräksestä valmistetaan integroidulla masuuni-konvertteri reitillä, joka perustuu neitseellisten raaka-aineiden käyttöön. Masuuniprosessissa käytetään suuri määrä fossiilisia, lähinnä hiilipohjaisia pelkistimiä, jotka aiheuttavat hiilidioksidipäästöjä ilmakehään. Fossiilisia hiilidioksidipäästöjä voidaan teräksenvalmistuksessa vähentää uusilla teknologioilla tai siirtymällä uusiutumattomista energialähteistä uusiutuviin. Biomassasta valmistetut pelkistimet voisivat olla yksi mahdollinen keino alentaa masuunipohjaisen teräksenvalmistuksen ominaispäästöjä. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli tarkastella biopelkistimien käytön teknistaloudellista potentiaalia masuunikäytössä ja aikaansaatavia hiilidioksidipäästövähenemiä eri systeemirajauksilla. Työssä keskityttiin tarkastelemaan biopelkistimien hyödynnettävyyttä lähinnä Suomen tasolla, vaikka käytetyt tutkimusmetodit ovat sovellettavissa myös laajemmin. Työssä arvioitiin biopelkistimien metallurgisia ominaisuuksia, niiden vaikutusta masuuniprosessiin ja laajemmin muihin terästehtaan prosesseihin, pääpainon ollessa saavutettavan CO₂ päästövähenemän tarkastelussa. Työssä tarkasteltiin biopelkistimien valmistuksen CO₂ päästöjä, energiankulutusta ja tuotantokustannuksia sekä energiapuun saatavuutta biopelkistimien tuotantoon. Tulokset osoittavat, että biomassasta voidaan valmistaa kiinteitä, nestemäisiä ja kaasumaisia pelkistimiä termokemiallisilla konversioteknologioilla, joiden soveltuvuus masuunikäyttöön vaihtelee suuresti. Masuuniprosessissa suurin fossiilisten pelkistimien korvaavuus saavutetaan käyttämällä puuhiili-injektiota. Torrefioidun puun, puuhiilen ja Bio-SNG:n hiilijalanjälki on varsin maltillinen verrattuna fossiilisiin pelkistimiin ja niiden tuotanto on energeettisesti järkevää. Biopelkistimien taloudellinen kannattavuus verrattuna fossiilisiin pelkistimiin on tällä hetkellä heikko, mutta kilpailukykyinen verrattuna muihin CO₂ päästöjen vähennyskeinoihin, kuten hiilidioksidin talteenottoon ja -varastointiin. Energiapuun saatavuus biopelkistimien valmistukseen on suurin alueilla, jotka sijaitsevat lähellä Suomen terästehtaita. Biopelkistimien tuotannon kannattavuutta voitaisiin parantaa tuottamalla useita tuotteita ja hyödyntämällä prosessi-integraatiota
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Pech, Ondřej. "Energetická simulace provozu solárních kolektorů v nízkoenergetickém rodinném domě s teplovzdušným vytápěním." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228992.
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The thesis deals with energy simulation of a solar energy system in a low-energy family house with warm-air heating. The simulations performed resulted in the assessment of the energy contribution of four solar systems with different types of collectors. The profitability and return of investment for the particular system have been evaluated based on investment costs and the savings gained. The theoretical part includes an introduction to the solar energy field, solar panel systems and the passive house concept. The practical part is devoted to description of the simulated object models as used in the TRNSYS environment, the simulation results evaluation along with the assessment of the economic return on investment. The conclusion recommendations regarding a suitable type and size of the solar panel with respect to the economic criteria chosen are given.
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Cap, Petr. "Energetické hodnocení systémů TZB." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225994.
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This Master’s thesis deals with the energy evaluation of existing buildings sports-recreational company complex in Brušperk. For this purpose provides a comparison of selected fuels as an energy source for the heating in terms of economy and their impact on the environment. In addition, provides an overview of existing legislation for elaboration of an energy audit. To complement shows the calculation of return on investment in solar panels on the roof of one of the objects. Calculation is based on the results of performed experimental measurement. Finally, the thesis presents a comparison of energy performance of buildings simulated in the Bsim software with reality.
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Červinka, Michal. "Rekonstrukce rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241887.
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This master’s thesis is dealing with the plan of reconstruction of the house in an effort to get closer to "near zero building". Total heat loss along with calculation of the cost of the house operation and the energy performance of buildings were computed for the given house. Then we have enclosed suggestions of individual methods of building´s insulation (replacing of windows, doors and gates, insulation of exterior walls, roof and ceiling between floor and attic) and a draft of a new technical building services (forced ventilation with heat recovery, photovoltaic system and heat pump). Furthermore, the suitability of the original heating system was evaluated and the also the energy performance for the renovated building was analyzed during the reconstruction. An economic evaluation was calculated for each method of reconstruction, together with the new green subsidy programme. At the end of the dissertation is drawn up the economic evaluation of the whole proposed reconstruction, together with an assessment, what class of the building we have achieved according to its the energy intensity.
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Kubín, David. "Životní cyklus solární elektrárny, efektivita a návratnost." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220166.
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This master’s thesis named “The Life Cycle of Solar Power, Efficiency and Return” is divided into seven chapters and focuses on the utilization of solar radiation in photovoltaic power stations and solar thermal power stations. The first chapter of this thesis familiarizes the reader with issues concerning renewable resources of energy and presents an overview of the focus of each chapter. The following second chapter is occupied with a topical research of renewable resources of energy utilization in Europe. Further the author presents a brief glance back at the past of solar energy utilization and also a prediction of future solar energy utilization in the Czech Republic. The chapter named “Specification and parameterization of individual technologies” contains an overview of today’s most utilized photovoltaic cells and panels together with an overview of utilized solar collectors and solar thermal power stations. In the following chapter named “Concretization of typical applications and realizations of photovoltaic and solar thermal power stations and determination of all related parameters” the author describes further components of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems. The economical aspect of photovoltaic component production together with an overview of utilized photovoltaic technologies is presented in this chapter. The problem of recycling photovoltaic applications and the current legislative situation regarding this issue in the Czech Republic is also outlined within this chapter. In the fifth chapter of this master’s thesis the author presents mathematical models of a photovoltaic and a solar thermal power station with the focus on economic aspects of investment efficiency assessment. Within this master’s thesis a simulation program in the computational software program Mathematica was created by the author. This program allows a calculation of economic efficiency and return of photovoltaic power station investments. The results of executed simulations are presented in the sixth chapter of this thesis. The last chapter contains an appraisal and summary of results achieved by the author of this thesis.
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Unzeitig, Filip. "Kritické srovnání vládních postupů za účelem dosažení vyšší energetické efektivnosti bytové a nebytové výstavby ve vybraných zemích EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222898.
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Práce srovnává, jak vlády vybraných Evropských zemí stimulují občany a podniky k tomu, aby stavěli energeticky úsporně se zaměřením na ekonomickou stránku věci. Práce srovnává poznatky, sjednocuje je a vyvozuje patřičné závěry.
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Velísková, Eva. "Posouzení vlivu provedení zateplení rodinného domu na Zlínsku na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232704.
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Master´s thesis deals with an assessment of investment return in saving precurations. The issue is used on an ordinary detached family house. The assessment is done in more variants to reach an objective comparison of the most advantageous investments. In the first part there is a comprehensive theory explaining the connections of the procedures and the algorithms of the calculations. The second part is calculation, especially from the thermal engineering, energy rating of buildings and the economic return on investment. The third part is an evaluation which, on the basis of the experiences and the results from the thesis, offers a proces show to think in case of intended reconstruction and how to evaluate the efficiency of the investments in the saving precurations.
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Lukášek, Kamil. "Stav fotovoltaiky v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221094.
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Photovoltaic in the Czech Republic has gone through significant development during last few years. The thesis describes physical principle of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic power plant is a set of technologic components connected together to utilize solar energy and convert it into electric energy that could be distributed to electric power network. Review of the photovoltaic development in the Czech Republic and the list of the biggest operational photovoltaic power plants present important data for assessment of the current status of photovoltaic technology in the Czech Republic. Chapter operations and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants summarizes the most common causes of failures and presents diagnostic tools for service requests. Due to legislative changes, hybrid photovoltaic power plants construction has been prioritized as it is economically more efficient now. Construction of new hybrid photovoltaic power plant was assessed analytically using SWOT analysis that evaluates strong and weak sides of the projects in comparison with opportunities and threats of construction. After evaluation of obtained data the next steps of the hybrid photovoltaic power plant’s construction plan are proposed. The first part of hybrid photovoltaic power plant design contains PVGIS program's data evaluation, which provides sunlight intensity information for specified area. Obtained data were used in the second part of the design to determine proper components selection for family house hybrid photovoltaic power plant. Finally the economic view of the design and return of investments were assessed.
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Heller, Ondřej. "Akumulace energie z OZE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218539.
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The objective of the first part of master’s thesis is mapping the potential of various types of renewable sources in Europe and Czech Republic, especially solar energy, wind energy, water energy and biomass. There are described principals and ways of energy generation from these sources, brief overview of current technologies, and also their advantages and limitations. An important part is electric supply continuity from renewable sources, there are large differences and the resulting to restrictions on construction and connecting the units to the power system. In this work there are mentioned some impacts on network and rates of change of supply, some sources are also evaluated in terms of maximum power, that can be connected to the power system in our country. The conclusion of the first part is dedicated to energy storage technologies, which are suitable and usable for renewable sources, there are described their principals, properties, status of development and types of aplications, in which these technologies are used. This chapter also focusses on the price level of each technology. The second part of the thesis deals with 1 MWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant design. This design includes also the redox flow batteries accumulation, the first variant calculates on 24-hour steady energy supply, the second optimalized variant calculates on daily energy supply. There are the accumulation system costs estimated and also the payback period for the both variants. Additionally there is also determined minimum penalization for cost-effective operation. The last part is dedicated to changes of impact on the local grid and changes of system impacts, after the accumulation system is installed.
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Beisler, Matthias Werner. "Modelling of input data uncertainty based on random set theory for evaluation of the financial feasibility for hydropower projects." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-71564.
Full textAbstract:
The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated resultsDie Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben
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Kampa, Kyle Benjamin. "An energy return on investment for a geothermal power plant on the Texas Gulf Coast." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21768.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the energy return on investment (EROI) of a model 3 MW hybrid gas-geothermal plant on the Texas Gulf Coast. The model plant uses a design similar to the DOE Pleasant Bayou No. 2 test geothermal plant, and uses a gas engine to harness entrained methane and an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine to harness thermal energy from hot brines. The indirect energy cost was calculated using the Carnegie Mellon University Economic Input-Output Life Environmental Life Cycle Analysis (EIO-LCA) model. The EROI of the plant using the 1997 EIO-LCA energy data is 12.40, and the EROI of the plant using 2002 EIO-LCA energy data is 14.18. Sensitivity analysis was run to determine how the plant parameters affect the EROI. A literature review of the EROI of different power sources shows that the EROI of the hybrid geothermal plant is greater than the EROI of flash steam geothermal and solar, but is lower than the EROI of dry steam geothermal, wind power, nuclear, coal, gas, and hydroelectric plants. An analysis of the EROI to financial return on investment (FROI) shows that the FROI for a hybrid geothermal plant could be competitive with wind and solar as a viable renewable resource in the Texas electricity market.text
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Beal, Colin McCartney. "Constraints on algal biofuel production." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2775.
Full textAbstract:
The aspiration for producing algal biofuel is motivated by the desire to replace conventional petroleum fuels, produce fuels domestically, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although, in theory, algae have the potential to produce a large amount of petroleum fuel substitutes and capture carbon emissions, in practice, profitable algal biofuel production has proven quite challenging. This dissertation characterizes the production pathways for producing petroleum fuel substitutes from algae and evaluates constraints on algal biofuel production. Chapter 8 provides a summary of the entire dissertation.
The first chapter provides a framework for reporting the production of renewable diesel from algae in a consistent way by using data that are specific and by presenting information with relevant metrics. The second chapter presents a review of analytical tools (i.e., microscopy, spectroscopy, and chromatography) that can be used to analyze the structure and composition of intermediate products in an algal biofuel production pathway.
In chapters 3 through 6, the energy return on investment, water intensity, and financial return on investment are presented for three cases: 1) an Experimental Case in which data were measured during five batches of algal biocrude production with a combined processed volume of about 7600 L, 2) a hypothetical Reduced Case that assumes the same energy output as the Experimental Case, with reduced energy and material inputs, and 3) a Highly Productive Case that assumes higher energy outputs than the Experimental Case, with reduced energy and material inputs, similar to the Reduced Case.
For all three cases, the second-order energy return on investment was determined to be significantly less than 1, which means that all three cases are energy negative. The water intensity (consumption and withdrawal) for all cases was determined to be much greater than that of conventional petroleum fuels and biofuels produced from non-irrigated crops. The financial return on investment was also found to be significantly less than 1 for all cases, indicating production would be unprofitable. Additionally, it was determined that large-scale algal biofuel production would be constrained by the availability of critical energy and material inputs (e.g., nitrogen and carbon dioxide).
The final part of this dissertation presents a first-principles thermodynamic analysis that represents an initial attempt at characterizing the thermodynamic limits for algal biofuel production. In that analysis, the energy, entropy, and exergy is calculated for each intermediate product in the algal biofuel production pathway considered here.
Based on the results presented in this body of work, game-changing technology and biotechnology developments are needed for sustainable and profitable algal biofuel production.text
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Philippsen, Aaron. "Energy input, carbon intensity, and cost for ethanol produced from brown seaweed." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4424.
Full textAbstract:
Brown macroalgae or brown seaweed is a promising source of ethanol that may avoid the challenges of arable land use, water use, lignin content, and the food vs. fuel debate associated with first generation and cellulosic ethanol sources; however, this promise is challenged by seaweed’s high water content, high ash content, and natural composition fluctuations. Notably, lifecycle studies of seaweed ethanol are lacking in the literature. To address this gap, a well-to-wheel model of ethanol production from farmed brown seaweed was constructed and applied to the case of Saccharina latissima farming in British Columbia (BC), Canada, to determine energy return on energy invested (EROI), carbon intensity (CI), and near shore seaweed farming production potential for seaweed ethanol and to examine the production cost of seaweed ethanol. Seaweed farming and ethanol production were modeled based on current BC farming methods and the dry grind corn ethanol production process; animal feed was included as an ethanol co-product, and co-product credits were considered. A seaweed ethanol yield calculation tool that accounts for seaweed composition was proposed, and a sensitivity study was done to examine case study data assumptions.
In the case study, seaweed ethanol had lower CI than sugarcane, wheat, and corn ethanol at 10.1 gCO2e/MJ, and it had an EROI comparable to corn ethanol at 1.78. Seaweed ethanol was potentially profitable due to significant revenue from animal feed sales; however, the market for seaweed animal feed was limited by the feed’s high sodium content. Near shore seaweed farming could meet the current demand for ethanol in BC, but world near shore ethanol potential is likely an order of magnitude lower than world ethanol production and two orders of magnitude lower than world gasoline production. Composition variation and a limited harvest season make solar thermal or geothermal seaweed drying and storage necessary for ethanol production in BC. Varying seaweed composition, solar thermal drying performance, co-product credits, the type of animal feed produced, transport distances, and seaweed farming performance in the sensitivity study gave an EROI of over 200 and a CI of -42 gCO2e/MJ in the best case and an EROI of 0.64 and CI of 33 gCO2e/MJ in the worst case. Co-product credits and the type of animal feed produced had the most significant effect overall, and the worst cases of seaweed composition and solar thermal seaweed drying system performance resulted in EROI of 0.64 and 1.0 respectively.
Brown seaweed is concluded to be a potentially profitable source of ethanol with climate benefits that surpass current ethanol sources; however, additional research into seaweed animal feed value, co-product credits, large scale seaweed conversion, and the feasibility of solar thermal or geothermal seaweed drying is required to confirm this conclusion.Graduate
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Cardoso, Rui André Arsénio. "Análise económica e financeira da reabilitação na construção." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/13639.
Full textAbstract:
O setor da construção tem evoluído ao longo dos anos, quer em termos de processos construtivos, quer em termos de materiais aplicados, tendo sempre em conta a relação custo/prazo/qualidade. Atualmente existe uma grande quantidade de edifícios cujo tempo de vida útil está a chegar ao fim e cujas estruturas e materiais se vêm a degradar progressivamente. É então necessário proceder à sua demolição e posterior construção de uma edificação nova ou então recorrer a processos de reabilitação, que visam conservar o
património arquitetónico e procurar corresponder às solicitações e exigências regulamentares requeridas. Isto leva a outro ponto, que é a análise do investimento e a verificação da rentabilidade do projeto.
A presente dissertação, inserida no Mestrado em Conservação e Reabilitação do Edificado, tem como objetivos fazer uma análise económica e financeira a vários edifícios intervencionados, verificando a viabilidade do projeto e determinando o período de retorno do investimento.
O caso de estudo é um conjunto de quatro edifícios de custos controlados que foram reabilitados pelo exterior com o objetivo de melhorar o comportamento térmico, bem como as condições interiores das habitações, a nível de instalações e acústica. Por sua vez, os objetivos da presente dissertação incidem especificamente no isolamento térmico dos edifícios, na substituição das caixilharias e das janelas, das caixas de estore e dos estores.
Foram realizadas medições de temperatura e humidade relativa antes, durante e após a reabilitação, através de um aparelho medidor Hygropalm, da Rotronic. Foram também registados os consumos energéticos (eletricidade, água e gás) antes e após a reabilitação. Posteriormente procedeu-se à análise e comparação de resultados em termos de custos para os moradores, bem como a análise de investimento para o dono dos edifícios. Foram também registadas as rendas que os moradores poderão pagar, estando divididas em três tipos: renda mínima, renda média e renda máxima e depois procedeu-se a uma análise
financeira para cada uma delas.
Considerando o investimento feito na reabilitação e analisando quatro cenários diferentes e sua receita respectiva (lucros expectáveis), sendo a receita correspondente à poupança energética e a cada tipo de renda, verificou-se que o investimento tinha retorno passados muitos anos.The construction sector has evolved over the years, both in terms of constructive methods, used materials, always considering the factors: Cost / Time / Quality. Nowadays there are a lot of buildings whose service life is running out of time and whose structure and materials are in constant degradation. So, it is necessary to demolish these buildings and then built new ones or make use of rehabilitation processes, aimed to preserve the architectural heritage and comply the regulatory requirements. This leads to another point, which is the analysis of investment and verification of project profitability. This dissertation, part of the Masters of Conservation and Rehabilitation of Buildings, has the objective to make an economic and financial analysis to many rehabilitated buildings, verifying the viability of the project and determining the payback period of investment. The case studies are four social buildings that have been rehabilitated from the outside in order to enhance the thermal performance as well as the interior of housing conditions at the level of facilities and acoustics. In turn, the objectives of this dissertation focus specifically on thermal insulation of these buildings, replacement of window frames and windows, blind boxes and blinds. Temperature and relative humidity measurements were made before, during and after the rehabilitation through a Hygropalm measuring device from Rotronic. The dwelling-houses energy consumption (electricity, water and gas) were also registered before and after the rehabilitation. Afterwards, a comparative analysis of the results was made in terms of costs for the residents as well as an investment analysis for the owner of the buildings. The residents‟ incomes were also registered and can be divided in three types: minimum income, average income and maximum income. After that, a financial analysis was made for each one of them. Considering the investment in the rehabilitation and four scenarios where each one has his own revenue (energy saving and each type of income), it was verified if the investment was returned and the conclusion is that in either scenario the investment will only be returned after many years.
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ŠVARCOVÁ, Petra. "Zhodnocení efektivnosti konkrétního investičního záměru fotovoltaické elektrárny." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52204.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma work is dealing with problems related to production of electrical energy in compliance with environmental protection and assessment of its production from non-renewable sources in reference to sources being renewable. The work puts emphasis on the importance and utilization of solar electrical energy. The sun is a source that will not get dried or mined out and will not stop shining. The goal of diploma work was to appraise the investment effectiveness with regard to a photovoltaic power station and assess the power plant influence in relation to classic sources for energy production and environmental protection. Within the diploma work, there were appraised three variants of the investment project which assumed life time longer than 20 years comprising conventional financial flows, surface size of 30 000 m2 and roughly required output of 1.5 MW. Single options were assessed upon economical evaluation regarding different ways of financing, in terms of price, output and guarantees provided by suppliers including the assessment of grant influence on the project effectiveness. Based on these data, the most suitable version for the investment project of building up the photovoltaic power plant was chosen. At the conclusion, it is possible to state that the photovoltaic power plant is very considerate towards the living environment in contrast to classical sources for electrical energy production, for example coal-fired power plants which heavily contaminate the environment, and nuclear power plants with risks of radiation escapes.
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Loureiro, Albano Pedro Martins. "Ciências, tecnologias e análise económica de sistemas de energia fotovoltaica." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/45827.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente (área de especialização em Energia)A dissertação de mestrado de Ciências, Tecnologias e Análise Económica de Sistemas de Energia Fotovoltaica consiste na exposição do estudo de Sistemas de Energia Fotovoltaica em contexto analítico e laboral, ou seja, inicialmente numa base teórica e explicativa acompanhada de seguida por um contexto prático e laboral na empresa DAPE em Braga, dando o conhecimento dos equipamentos de algumas marcas e respetivas fichas técnicas e ligações ao sistema. O tema propriamente dito, debruça no estudo de sistemas fotovoltaicos que se compõem em várias partes tais como: a energia solar, tecnologias de painéis fotovoltaicos, os inversores, as baterias, controlador de carga, outros equipamentos associados, bombas solares e respetivo controlador. Noutra fase, reunido o conhecimento de cada uma das tecnologias do sistema fotovoltaico, faz-se o estudo abrangente dos vários tipos de sistemas de autoconsumo. No capítulo seguinte, faz-se um estudo de bombas solares e respetivos controladores porque é um tipo particular de sistemas fotovoltaicos de autoconsumo. Sabendo os equipamentos, tecnologias e os tipos de sistemas fotovoltaicos, faz-se o estudo do dimensionamento para obter os valores numéricos necessários de cada um dos equipamentos para constituir um sistema fotovoltaico de acordo com as necessidades e objetivos pretendidos. Por fim, faz-se um estudo da viabilidade económica de um projeto fotovoltaico para determinar o valor atual líquido, taxa interna de rendibilidade, período de recuperação do investimento e o retorno sobre o investimento e avaliar se é positivo investir e quanto num sistema fotovoltaico. A presente dissertação salienta, quando necessário, a legislação que regula a atividade de produção de energia elétrica em sistemas de autoconsumo.
The Master's thesis on Science, Technology and Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic Energy Systems consists of the exposition of the study of Photovoltaic Energy Systems in an analytical and labor context, that is, initially on a theoretical and explanatory basis followed by a practical and labor context In the company DAPE in Braga, giving the knowledge of the equipment of some brands and their respective technical sheets and connections to the system. The topic itself, focuses on the study of photovoltaic systems that are composed in various parts such as: solar energy, photovoltaic panel technologies, inverters, batteries, charge controller, other associated equipment, solar pumps and respective controller. In another phase, gathering the knowledge of each of the technologies of the photovoltaic system, a comprehensive study of the various types of self-consumption systems is made. In the following chapter, a study of solar pumps and their controllers is made because it is a particular type of photovoltaic systems of self consumption. Knowing the equipments, technologies and types of photovoltaic systems, the study of the sizing is done to obtain the necessary numerical values of each of the equipments to constitute a PV system according to the necessities and objectives. Finally, a study of the economic feasibility of a photovoltaic project is carried out to determine the net present value, internal rate of return, period of recovery of the investment and the return on the investment and to evaluate if it is positive to invest and how much in a photovoltaic system. The present dissertation emphasizes, when necessary, the legislation that regulates the electric energy production activity in self consumption systems.
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Beisler, Matthias Werner. "Modelling of input data uncertainty based on random set theory for evaluation of the financial feasibility for hydropower projects." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22775.
Full textAbstract:
The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects.
Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process.
One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered.
Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method.
The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results.Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben.