Journal articles on the topic 'Energy-related occupant behavior'
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D'Oca, Simona, H. Burak Gunay, Sara Gilani, and William O'Brien. "Critical review and illustrative examples of office occupant modelling formalisms." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 6 (February 6, 2019): 732–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419827468.
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It is widely understood that occupants can have a significant impact on building performance. Accordingly, the field has benefited extensively from research efforts in the past decade. However, the methods and terminology involved in modelling occupants in buildings remains fragmented across a large number of studies. This fragmentation represents a major obstacle to those who intend to join in this research endeavor as well as for the convergence and standardization of methods. To address this issue, this paper investigates occupant modelling methods for the key domains of electric lighting, blinds, operable windows, thermostats, plug loads, and occupancy. In the reviewed literature, five broad categories of occupant model formalisms were identified: schedules, Bernoulli models, discrete-time Markov models, discrete-event Markov models, and survival models. Illustrative examples were provided from two independent datasets to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of these model forms. It was shown that Markov models are suitable to represent occupants' adaptive behaviors, while survival models are suitable to represent occupancy, non-adaptive behaviors, and infrequently executed adaptive behaviors, such as the blinds opening behavior. Practical application: The engineering application of the occupant modelling formalisms that are critically reviewed in this paper is that these models are highly beneficial for incorporating occupants' presence and behaviors into building design and control. Building design can be improved significantly regarding energy use and occupant comfort when the most suitable occupant models are implemented in simulation-aided building design process. Ultimately, like for any modelling domain, the most suitable model is dependent on the modelling objective (e.g. optimizing passive design, equipment sizing), building type and size, occupant-related domain (e.g. occupancy, window-opening behavior), and climate zones. Furthermore, there is great potential in improving occupant comfort and energy savings of existing buildings when occupants' presence and interactions with buildings' systems and components are predicted accurately using occupant models.
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Ebuy, Habtamu Tkubet, Hind Bril El Haouzi, Riad Benelmir, and Remi Pannequin. "Occupant Behavior Impact on Building Sustainability Performance: A Literature Review." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032440.
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Occupant behavior controls a building’s energy system to adapt the indoor environment, significantly increasing building energy consumption. Occupant behavior, which refers to the occupancy inside a building and their interaction with building systems (windows, blinds, thermostats, lighting and appliances, etc.), has been largely overlooked in building energy performance analysis. These factors make it essential to design sustainable buildings. It is widely acknowledged in the literature that there is an alarming performance gap between the estimated and actual energy consumption in buildings. This paper proposes a systematic literature review on energy-related occupant behaviors and their implications for energy performance. It aims to better understand occupant behavior, existing behavior modeling approaches and their limitations, and key influential parameters on building energy performance. It is based on a survey of ScienceDirect, Web of science and Scopus scientific databases, using their bibliometric analysis tools together with the VOSviewer software. Finally, this study identifies the following significant research gaps for future development: limitations of the generic and robust occupant behavior model; lack of actual data for validation; lack of research on different types of buildings (institutions, university buildings); limitations of considering all factors which influence occupant behavior; missing the detailed realistic situations of occupant behavior; integrating building information modeling (BIM) into building energy modeling.
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Maghsoudi Nia, Elham, Queena Qian, and Henk Visscher. "An Investigation of Occupants’ Energy Perceptions in Energy Efficient Retrofitted Residential Buildings: A Review Paper." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1085, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1085/1/012021.
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Abstract Buildings are the main sector in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Retrofitting of existing building has been identified as one of the significant strategies for reducing the impacts of buildings on energy and environment. However, recent studies have shown that low energy buildings mostly do not perform as expected. These differences are related to different factors including the interaction between occupants and building technologies. Thus, most renovation initiatives have not considered occupant behavior equally to the energy efficiency process. Many of the existing studies have been focused on technological improvements rather than behavioral-related parameters. Hence, this study aims to review the literature on the occupants’ energy perceptions and their behavioral interventions in energy efficient retrofitted residential buildings. The results of the literature review reveal that household’s energy consumption significantly differs according to the various factors including social-economic, cultural, household composition as well as individual attitudes, habits, experiences, and occupant practices. Moreover, the energy consumption in the residential sector is highly dependent on demographic parameters. The demographics factors are classified according to type of family, level of income, age of the occupants, and individuals’ educational status. The findings shows that energy perception gap formulates the energy behavior and it is related to the lack of personal interest, accurate information and individuals’ awareness about how to consume efficiently. Therefore, it is suggested that the level of occupant’s perception on energy, control, or comfort have to be considered during energy efficiency retrofits. The study contributes to understanding of occupants’ behaviors which cause energy performance gap and enlighten approaches to encourage more energy efficient behavior.
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Ergöz Karahan, Ebru, Özgür Göçer, Kenan Göçer, and Didem Boyacıoğlu. "An Investigation of Occupant Energy-Saving Behavior in Vernacular Houses of Behramkale (Assos)." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 13476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313476.
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Despite its well-known potential to reduce energy use, the inquiry of whether vernacular architecture prompts its occupants to have energy-saving behavior has been neglected. This paper aims to investigate the influence of vernacular houses on the behavior of their occupants and other parameters affecting occupant behavior. Along with site observations, 117 surveys including multiple choice and open-ended questions were conducted with households living in vernacular houses and new houses in the historical settlement, Behramkale (Assos). A principal component analysis was conducted for the whole sample to determine whether there is a relationship between energy saving occupant behavior and energy use, household, and housing characteristics. Then further analyses were performed to explore the differences in descriptive properties of occupants. Household characteristics were found to be associated with occupant behavior. The females and married people tended to show more energy-saving behavior and sought to use their houses in more environmentally friendly ways. The older people were more likely to show no-cost energy-saving behavior. The households with high income and high-level education tended to invest in energy-efficient appliances but consumed more energy than other households. Besides the effects of household characteristics, historical heritage, and landscape values specific to the area influenced occupant behavior. Vernacular houses enabled the households to behave in a certain way and to continue the traditional daily habits related to sustainable, energy-saving behaviors.
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Yang, Lin, Sha Liu, and Jiaqi Liu. "The Interaction Effect of Occupant Behavior-Related Factors in Office Buildings Based on the DNAS Theory." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063227.
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Occupant behavior is acknowledged as a main contribution to building energy consumption. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying the impact of occupant behaviors on building energy consumption. However, the lack of understanding of the interaction effects among occupant behavior-related factors, to some extent, can lead to inaccurate results. To decode these complex interactions, this study was conducted to investigate the interaction effects of occupant behavior-related factors. A survey based on the Drive-Need-Action-System (DNAS) theory was used to describe the occupant behaviors. Then, based on the survey, a simulation model of an office building was applied for estimating the energy consumption led by different occupant behaviors. Finally, an orthogonal design of experiments (DOE) method combined with Pareto analysis was used to quantify the interactions of occupant behavior-related factors on energy consumption. Results show that factor combinations with strong interaction effects include: (1) lighting control and lighting fixture type and (2) computer control and tolerance of temperature range. The results provide important reference for building designers and facility managers toward a better understanding of the influences of occupant behaviors on building energy consumption.
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Heidari, Amirreza, Francois Marechal, and Dolaana Khovalyg. "An adaptive control framework based on Reinforcement learning to balance energy, comfort and hygiene in heat pump water heating systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012006.
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Abstract A major challenge in the operation of water heating systems lies in the highly stochastic nature of occupant behavior in hot water use, which varies over different buildings and can change over the time. However, the current operational strategies of water heating systems are detached from occupant behavior, and follow a conservative and energy intensive approach to ensure the availability of hot water any time it is demanded. This paper proposes a Reinforcement learning-based control framework which can learn and adapt to the occupant behavior of each specific building and make a balance between energy use, occupant comfort and water hygiene. The proposed framework is compared to the conventional approach using the real-world measurements of hot water use behavior in a single family residential building. Although the monitoring campaign has been executed during home lockdown due to COVID-19, when the occupants exhibited a very different schedule and water use related behavior, the proposed framework has learned the occupant behavior over a relatively short period of 8 weeks and provided 24.5% energy use reduction over the conventional approach, while preserving occupant comfort and water hygiene.
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Kalvelage, Kelly, and Michael C. Dorneich. "Using Human Factors to Establish Occupant Task Lists for Office Building Simulations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601102.
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The purpose of this research is to establish an in-depth understanding of task-related occupant behaviors to serve as the basis for the design of an occupant-building interaction interface. Building simulations are frequently used to design buildings and predict energy performance. Yet, all of these assumptions are related to occupant behavior and interactions with the building. In an occupant-controlled environment, an understanding of the occupant decision-making process must be represented in the simulation task lists. Current task lists assume general occupant behaviors based on averages, and lack the details required for this understanding. This paper looks to strike a balance between simplicity and complexity in the generation of task lists to establish a process for developing an understanding of occupant behavior at a greater level of detail than current practice. A contextual task analysis questionnaire characterizes occupant behavior to provide the link between the building, occupant, and task. Generation of a sample task list demonstrates how a detailed understanding of task-related occupant behaviors can be effectively used as the basis of an occupant-building control scheme.
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Karatzas, Stylianos K., Athanasios P. Chassiakos, and Anastasios I. Karameros. "Business Processes and Comfort Demand for Energy Flexibility Analysis in Buildings." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 6561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246561.
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Occupant behavior and business processes in a building environment constitute an inseparable set of important factors that drives energy consumption. Existing methodologies for building energy management lag behind in addressing these core parameters by focusing explicitly on the building’s structural components. Additional layers of information regarding indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and occupant behavior patterns, mostly driven by everyday business processes (schedules, loads, and specific business activities related to occupancy patterns and building operations), are necessary for the effective and efficient modeling of building energy performance in order to establish a holistic energy efficiency management framework. The aim of this paper was to develop a context-driven framework in which multiple levels of information regarding occupant behavior patterns resulting from everyday business processes were incorporated for efficient energy management in buildings. A preliminary framework evaluation was performed in a multifaceted university building involving a number of spaces, employees, business processes, and data from sensors and metering devices. The results derived by linking operational aspects and environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and luminance) to occupant behavior underlying business processes and organizational structures indicated the potential energy savings: a max of 7.08% for Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), 19.46% for lighting and a maximum of 6.34% saving related to office appliances.
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Ding, Yan, Xiao Pan, Wanyue Chen, Zhe Tian, Zhiyao Wang, and Qing He. "Prediction Method for Office Building Energy Consumption Based on an Agent-Based Model Considering Occupant–Equipment Interaction Behavior." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 8689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228689.
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Traditional building energy consumption prediction methods lack the description of occupant behaviors. The interactions between occupants and equipment have great influence on building energy consumption, which cause a large deviation between the predicted results and the actual situation. To address this problem, a two-part prediction model, consisting of a basic part related to the building area and a variable part related to stochastic occupant behaviors, is proposed in this study. The wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method is firstly used to split the energy consumption. A relationship between the low frequency energy consumption data and the building area is discovered, and an area-based index is used to fit the basic part of the prediction model. With a quantitative description of the occupant–equipment interaction by classifying the equipment into environmentally relevant and environmentally irrelevant equipment, an agent-based model is established in the variable part. According to the validation given by two case office buildings, the prediction error can be controlled to 2.8% and 10.1%, respectively, for the total and the hourly building energy consumption. Compared to the prediction method which does not consider occupant–equipment interactions, the proposed model can improve prediction accuracy by 55.8%.
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Mun, Sun-Hye, Younghoon Kwak, and Jung-Ho Huh. "Influence of Complex Occupant Behavior Models on Cooling Energy Usage Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031243.
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The behavior of building occupants has been studied by researchers for building control as well as for predicting energy use. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the application of single and complex behavior models on the simulation results of residential buildings. Two occupant behaviors—window opening and closing and air conditioner (AC) usage—were simulated, which are known to be interconnected. This study had two purposes: The first was to integrate data analysis tools (R in this study) and building simulation tools (EnergyPlus in this study) so that two behaviors with interconnectivity could be reflected in building simulation analysis. The second purpose was to apply the behavior models in residential buildings to an integrated simulation environment in stages to analyze their relative influence on the building energy and indoor environment. The results of the study prove that the application of complex behavior is important for research regarding the prediction of actual energy consumption. The results help identify the gap between reality and the existing simulation methods; thereby, they can help improve methods related to energy consumption analysis. We hope that this study and its results will serve as a guide for researchers looking to study occupants’ behavior in the future.
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Chen, Yixing, Xin Liang, Tianzhen Hong, and Xuan Luo. "Simulation and visualization of energy-related occupant behavior in office buildings." Building Simulation 10, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-017-0355-2.
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Pivac, Nikolina, Sandro Nizetic, and Vlasta Zanki. "Occupant behavior and thermal comfort field analysis in typical educational research institution: A case study." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170915013p.
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An experimental field study has been conducted for typical educational research building facility (office building). The research data was gathered by the systematic monitoring of the offices and adaptive occupant behavior during the typical working day in the spring period. Different sensors and data loggers for temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, had been mounted in order to collect data for analysis of thermal comfort conditions. Moreover, occupant surveys and interviews in form of questionnaire were also brought to examine the psychological and social impacts of the occupants? behavior regarding energy consumption. The inductive scientific method is used for data processing, i. e. descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the results was made. Based on the analysis of the conducted study, it was found that thermal environment of the observed building is within the standards (i. e. specific parameters are within the range) and that the occupants are generally satisfied with thermal conditions in their offices. However, they do not pay much attention to conserving energy which is an important finding as it is directly related to the energy consumption. Thus, more attention should be directed to the education of the users and in general, to enable energy savings in the future.
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Hong, Tianzhen, Sarah C. Taylor-Lange, Simona D’Oca, Da Yan, and Stefano P. Corgnati. "Advances in research and applications of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings." Energy and Buildings 116 (March 2016): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.052.
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Salvia, Giuseppe, Eugenio Morello, Federica Rotondo, Andrea Sangalli, Francesco Causone, Silvia Erba, and Lorenzo Pagliano. "Performance Gap and Occupant Behavior in Building Retrofit: Focus on Dynamics of Change and Continuity in the Practice of Indoor Heating." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145820.
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Building retrofit is often reported to fail in achieving predicted energy savings; this mismatch in post-retrofit conditions is labeled the ‘energy performance gap’ and may be due to both occupant behavior and technical issues. In this study, the occupant is investigated through a case study of a recently retrofitted public housing in Milan inhabited by 500+ tenants. Informed by social practice theory and interviews to households, concurrent and interdependent elements in heating space are identified—including factors of comfort, competences involved and other interconnected practices. Patterns of continuity and change in setting thermal conditions in this retrofitted building emerge. In this respect, key dynamics of the occupants are related to rooted habits in managing heating, social norms of thermal comfort, mastered skills in dealing with technical devices and infrastructure and ways of organizing other routines such as laundry and forms of entertainment when services are limitedly accessible. The results inform plans for energy efficiency through building retrofit in which the integration of the social dimension and practices may contribute to maximizing the impact of the intervention and to limiting energy performance gap.
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Fajilla, Gianmarco, Marilena De Simone, Luisa F. Cabeza, and Luís Bragança. "Assessment of the Impact of Occupants’ Behavior and Climate Change on Heating and Cooling Energy Needs of Buildings." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 6468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236468.
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Energy performance of buildings is a worldwide increasing investigated field, due to ever more stringent energy standards aimed at reducing the buildings’ impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact that occupant behavior and climate change have on the heating and cooling needs of residential buildings. With this aim, data of a questionnaire survey delivered in Southern Italy were used to obtain daily use profiles of natural ventilation, heating, and cooling, both in winter and in summer. Three climatic scenarios were investigated: The current scenario (2020), and two future scenarios (2050 and 2080). The CCWorldWeatherGen tool was used to create the weather files of future climate scenarios, and DesignBuilder was applied to conduct dynamic energy simulations. Firstly, the results obtained for 2020 demonstrated how the occupants’ preferences related to the use of natural ventilation, heating, and cooling systems (daily schedules and temperature setpoints) impact on energy needs. Heating energy needs appeared more affected by the heating schedules, while cooling energy needs were mostly influenced by both natural ventilation and usage schedules. Secondly, due to the temperature rise, substantial decrements of the energy needs for heating and increments of cooling energy needs were observed in all the future scenarios where in addition, the impact of occupant behavior appeared amplified.
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Asadi, Iman, Norhayati Mahyuddin, and Payam Shafigh. "A review on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy consumption in building based on occupant behavior." Facilities 35, no. 11/12 (August 8, 2017): 684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-06-2016-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of occupant behavior and its relation with indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and building energy consumption. The behavior is referred to any direct or indirect action, which is selected by an occupant to manage the unpleasant indoor environmental conditions. Thermal comfort, indoor air quality, aural comfort and visual comfort are the key factors of IEQ evaluation. Human behavior significantly interacts with energy consumption in buildings. Design/methodology/approach Each IEQ parameter was reviewed separately and the overall IEQ acceptance was considered. In addition, this paper reviews the methods that were used to measure and simulate the IEQ factors, energy consumption and human behavior. Finally, the lack of knowledge in this field is based on the review demonstrated. Findings Most studies considered one or two IEQ factors to evaluate IEQ acceptance in buildings. Further, weakness of simulating all IEQ factors at the same time is the deficiency of IEQ simulation, based on reviews. In the case of occupant behavior simulation, the uncertainly of human psychological parameter is a drawback to predict behavior. Originality/value Energy consumption, occupant health and productivity are related to IEQ. Human behavior affects building energy consumption directly. Simulation software and methods can predict IEQ factors and human behavior. Therefore, reviewing the existing studies is critical to find new methods for measuring and simulating IEQ, energy consumption and human behavior in buildings.
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Deme Bélafi, Zsófia, and András Reith. "Interdisciplinary survey to investigate energy-related occupant behavior in offices – the Hungarian case." Pollack Periodica 13, no. 3 (December 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2018.13.3.5.
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Zhang, Yan, Xuemei Bai, and Franklin P. Mills. "Characterizing energy-related occupant behavior in residential buildings: Evidence from a survey in Beijing, China." Energy and Buildings 214 (May 2020): 109823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109823.
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Bruse, Marcel, Romain Nouvel, Parag Wate, Volker Kraut, and Volker Coors. "An Energy-Related CityGML ADE and Its Application for Heating Demand Calculation." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 4, no. 3 (July 2015): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2015070104.
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Different associated properties of city models like building geometries, building energy systems, building end uses, and building occupant behavior are usually saved in different data formats and are obtained from different data sources. Experience has shown that the integration of these data sets for the purpose of energy simulation on city scale is often cumbersome and error prone. A new application domain extension for CityGML has been developed in order to integrate energy-related figures of buildings, thermal volumes, and facades with their geometric descriptions. These energy-related figures can be parameters or results of energy simulations. The applicability of the new application domain extension has been demonstrated for heating energy demand calculation.
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Kosonen, Heta Karoliina, and Amy Ahim Kim. "Advancement of behavioral energy interventions in commercial buildings." Facilities 35, no. 5/6 (April 4, 2017): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2016-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities, barriers and guidelines for future research in behavioral energy interventions in commercial buildings. Design/methodology/approach The study methodology includes a three-step screening protocol with a collection of prior publications, clustering of related studies and results and analysis of the findings of the prior studies. Findings The review showed that commercial energy interventions were generally successful at impacting occupant energy consumption. Most energy savings were obtained by applying comparative feedback and energy competition strategies, but the lack of long-term effect measurements prevents drawing conclusions regarding their long-term effectiveness. The authors suggest that future studies should explore the impacts that occupant characteristics, environment and community and intervention implementation have on the success of the energy intervention, and integrate these findings into the intervention design. In addition, the authors call for more discussion on the feasibility issues that researchers, policymakers and educators face when implementing these energy interventions to streamline sustainability efforts in the future. Originality/value Research on assessing the effectiveness of occupant behavior interventions has increased considerably over the past decade. This review includes a structured analysis of prior studies of behavioral energy interventions in commercial buildings and encompasses studies conducted between 2005 and 2015. The review is unique in that it focuses on comparing empirical studies that quantified measured energy savings.
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Hong, Tianzhen, Simona D'Oca, William J. N. Turner, and Sarah C. Taylor-Lange. "An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part I: Introduction to the DNAs framework." Building and Environment 92 (October 2015): 764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.019.
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Lyu, Jiajun, and Aya Hagishima. "Predicting Diverse Behaviors of Occupants When Turning Air Conditioners on/off in Residential Buildings: An Extreme Gradient Boosting Approach." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020521.
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Occupant behavior (OB) has a significant impact on household air-conditioner (AC) energy use. In recent years, bottom-up simulation coupled with stochastic OB modeling has been intensively developed for estimating residential AC consumption. However, a comprehensive analysis of the diverse behavioral preference patterns of occupants regarding AC use is hampered by the limited availability of large-scale residential energy demand data. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a prediction model for the residential household’s AC usage considering various OB-related diversity patterns based on monitoring data of appliance-level electricity use in a residential community of 586 households in Osaka, Japan. First, individual operation schedules and thermal preferences were identified and quantitatively extracted as the two main factors for the diverse behaviors across the whole community. Then, a clustering analysis classified the target households, finding four typical patterns for schedule preferences and three typical patterns for thermal preferences. These results were used, with time and meteorological data in the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014, as inputs for the proposed prediction model using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The optimized XGBoost model showed a satisfactory prediction performance for the on/off state in the testing dataset, with an F1 score of 0.80 and an Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC) of 0.845.
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Chen, GaoXiang, Jian Yao, and RongYue Zheng. "Energy related performance of manual shading devices in private offices: An occupant behavior-based comparative study using modeling approaches." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 27 (October 2021): 101336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101336.
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Rijal, Hom B., Michael A. Humphreys, and J. Fergus Nicol. "Behavioural Adaptation for the Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving in Japanese Offices." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i2.27637.
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Office workers use a variety of adaptive opportunities to regulate their indoor thermal environment. The behavioural adaptations such as window opening, clothing adjustments, and use of heating/cooling are important factors for adaptive thermal comfort. It is well-known that they are the most important contributors in the adaptive thermal comfort model. Thus, if we understand the behavioural adaptation properly, we can explain the mechanism of the adaptive model. The indoor thermal environment is often adjusted using the air conditioning in Japanese office buildings to improve thermal comfort and productivity. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on the behavioural adaptation in the offices because the occupant behavior is different from behaviour in dwellings. In order to record the seasonal differences in behavioural adaptation and to develop an adaptive algorithm for Japanese offices, we measured temperatures in 11 office buildings and conducted the thermal comfort and occupant behaviour survey for over a year. We collected 4,660 samples from about 1,350 people. The proportion of ‘open window’ in the free running mode (neither heating nor cooling being used) is significantly higher than that of the air conditioned mode. The behavioural adaptation is related to the outdoor air temperature. The behavioural adaptations such as window-opening, heating and cooling use predicted by regression analysis are in good agreement with the measured data. These findings can be applied to building thermal simulation to predict the behavioural adaptation and energy use in office buildings.
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Rijal, Hom B., Michael A. Humphreys, and J. Fergus Nicol. "Study on Behavioural Adaptation for the Thermal Comfort and Energy Saving in Japanese Offices." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32206.
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Office workers use a variety of adaptive opportunities to regulate their indoor thermal environment. The behavioural adaptations such as window opening, clothing adjustments, heating/cooling use are one of the important factors for the adaptive thermal comfort. It is well-known that they are the most important contributors in the adaptive thermal comfort model. Thus, if we understand the behavioural adaptation properly, we can explain the mechanism of the adaptive model. In addition, the indoor thermal environment is often adjusted using the air conditioning in Japanese office building to improve the thermal comfort and productivity. Thus, it is necessary to conduct research on the behavioural adaptation in the offices because the occupant behavior is different to the dwellings.
In order to record the seasonal differences in behavioural adaptation and to develop an adaptive algorithm for Japanese offices, we measured temperatures in 11 office buildings and conducted the thermal comfort and occupant behaviour survey for over a year in Japanese offices. We collected 4,660 samples from about 1350 people.
The proportion of ‘open window’ in the free running mode (neither heating or cooling being used) is significantly higher than that of the air-conditioned mode. The behavioural adaptation is related to the outdoor air temperature. The behavioural adaptation predicted by the regression analysis is in good agreement with the measured data. These findings can be applied to the building thermal simulation to predict the behavioural adaptation and energy use in office buildings.
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Hong, Tianzhen, Simona D'Oca, Sarah C. Taylor-Lange, William J. N. Turner, Yixing Chen, and Stefano P. Corgnati. "An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part II: Implementation of the DNAS framework using an XML schema." Building and Environment 94 (December 2015): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.08.006.
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Zeng, Fei, Yiqun Pan, Huiyan Deng, and Zhizhong Huang. "Research on air-conditioning usage behaviour in offices with different occupancy." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601041.
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Occupant behaviours in the buildings are not only random and uncertain but also related to each occupant’s habitual preference. This leads to the performance gap between actual and expected energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, accurate information and modelling with regard to occupant behaviour are important for reliable energy simulation and energy-saving optimization design. Existing studies on occupant behaviour models in office space usually focus on single-person offices or full-floor buildings, without considering the behavioural differences among offices with different occupancy. Therefore, this study established the air-conditioning usage behaviour models in offices with different occupancy based on questionnaires and measured data. The results show that occupant compromise and clustering effect will increase with the increase of occupancy. Using the established models as input, this study compared the simulation results with that under the standard schedule. The difference rate is as high as 32.19% in winter and 13.07% in the whole year. And for areas with high energy consumption in winter, the gap may be bigger.
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Tam, Vivian, Laura Almeida, and Khoa Le. "Energy-Related Occupant Behaviour and Its Implications in Energy Use: A Chronological Review." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 2635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082635.
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It is essential to understand how significantly occupants’ actions impact the performance of a building, as a whole, in terms of energy use. Consequently, this paper reviews the available resources on energy-related occupant behaviour and its implications in energy use in a building. A chronological review on energy-related occupant behaviour and its implications in energy use has been conducted. As a main existing gap, it was identified by researchers the difference between real energy performance and the one that is predicted during the design stage of a building. The energy predicted during the design stage of a building may be over twice the energy used in the operation stage. Buildings are one of the most energy intensive features in a country. They are affected by the interaction and correlation of several different variables, such as: its physical characteristics, technical systems, equipment, occupants, etc. Therefore, buildings are considered to be complex systems that require a careful and intensive analysis. Moreover, one of the key variables impacting real building energy use is occupant behaviour. The way occupants behave and their motivations are some of the main aspects that need to be considered in a building life-cycle.
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Chung-Camargo, Katherine, Lorena Chacón, Miguel Chen Austin, and Carmen Castaño. "Decision-Making Approach based on Multi-objective Optimization to Achieve Net-Zero Energy Neighborhoods through Retrofit in a Tropical Climate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012017.
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Abstract Among the main causes of environmental deterioration worldwide, buildings are among those responsible for a large percentage of energy-related CO2 emissions. Because of this, finding solutions to this problem is necessary. This research project involves building the energy model of a neighbourhood located in Panama, Herrera province. The main elements were classified and systematized using DesignBuilder and then implemented in an optimization analysis that seeks to approximate the NZED standard. The optimization’s main objectives were to maintain or improve thermal comfort, reducing energy consumption to the lowest possible. The best design options were those given by the method of essential design variables determined in the sensitivity analysis. It was possible to conclude that combining changes in occupant behavior with specific changes in the envelope leads to a more efficient reduction in electricity consumption. Because they lead to a significant reduction in consumption without involving the cost of the total modification of the envelope, with these modifications, a reduction in electricity consumption of 52,852 kWh/year was obtained at a renovation cost of B/.19,890.00 with a recovery period of seven years.
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Krishnan, Deepu, Scott Kelly, and Yohan Kim. "A Meta-Analysis Review of Occupant Behaviour Models for Assessing Demand-Side Energy Consumption." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031219.
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Occupant behaviour plays a significant role in shaping the dynamics of energy consumption in buildings, but the complex nature of occupant behaviour has hindered a deeper understanding of its influence. A meta-analysis was conducted on 65 published studies that used data-driven quantitative assessments to assess energy-related occupant behaviour using the Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) framework. Hierarchical clustering was utilised to categorise different modelling techniques based on the intended outcomes of the model and the types of parameters used in various models. This study will assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate parameters and methods under various data constraints and research questions. The research revealed two distinct model categories being used to study occupant behaviour-driven energy consumption, namely (i) occupancy status models and (ii) energy-related behaviour models. Multiple studies have identified limitations on data collection and privacy concerns as constraints of modelling occupant behaviour in residential buildings. The “regression model” and its variants were found to be the preferred model types for research that models “energy-related behaviour”, and “classification models” were found to be preferable for modelling “occupancy” status. There were only limited instances of data-driven studies that modelled occupant behaviour in low-income households, and there is a need to generate region-specific models to accurately model energy-related behaviour.
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Kontaxis, Dimitrios, George Tsoulos, Georgia Athanasiadou, and Giorgos Giannakis. "Wireless Sensor Networks for Building Information Modeling." Telecom 3, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom3010007.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a critical element for the “digitalization” of the construction industry and can be exploited for energy-driven renovation procedures of existing residences. Advancing beyond a BIM with data-capturing capabilities that are limited to building static information only requires sensor data streams related to indoor/outdoor ambient conditions, as well as to energy-consumption parameters of the residences. The data streams require the deployment of robust Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that are able to capture and transmit real-time data to appropriate cloud-based renovation toolkits. The technology and topology of such networks are addressed herein. The paper sets the lines for similar installations that are required by the construction industry for collecting dynamic data, since it is based on the outcome of real-world WSN installations in pilot sites in three European countries, carried out in the context of a major collaborative BIM research project. An application example of the WSN data is also provided in the context of training occupant behavior models in order to demonstrate the use of the measured data.
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Almeida, Laura, Vivian W. Y. Tam, Khoa N. Le, and Yujuan She. "Effects of occupant behaviour on energy performance in buildings: a green and non-green building comparison." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 8 (June 26, 2020): 1939–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-11-2019-0653.
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PurposeOccupants are one of the most impacting factors in the overall energy performance of buildings, according to literature. Occupants’ behaviours and actions may impact the overall use of energy in more than 50%. In order to quantify the impact that occupant behaviour has in the use of energy, this study simulated interactions between occupants and the systems present in two actual buildings. The main aim was to compare the deviations due to occupant behaviour with the actual conditions and energy use of the two buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe buildings used as a case study in this research were green buildings, rated according to the Australian Green Star certification system as a 6-star and a non-rated building. The two buildings are university buildings with similar characteristics, from Western Sydney University, in Sydney, Australia. A comparison was performed by means of building simulations among the use of energy in both buildings, aiming to understand if the green rating had any impact on the energy related to occupant behaviour. Therefore, to represent the actual buildings' conditions, the actual data related with climate, geometry, systems, internal loads, etc. were used as input variables in the simulation models of the green and the non-rated buildings. Both models were calibrated and validated, having as target the actual monitored use of electricity.FindingsOccupants were categorized according to their levels of energy use as follows: saving, real and intensive energy users. Building simulations were performed to each building, with varying parameters related with lighting, plug loads, windows/doors opening, shading and air conditioning set points. Results show that occupant behaviour may impact the buildings' energy performance in a range of 72% between the two extremes. There is no significant relationship between the green rating and the way occupants behave in terms of the energy use.Originality/valueThis study intends to show the impact of different categories of occupant behaviour in the overall energy performance of two university buildings, a non-rated and a green-rated building, having as reference an actual representation of the buildings. Additionally, the study aims to understand the main differences between a green-rated and a non-rated building when accounting with the previous categories.
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Domínguez-Amarillo, Samuel, Jesica Fernández-Agüera, Juan Sendra, and Susan Roaf. "Rethinking User Behaviour Comfort Patterns in the South of Spain—What Users Really Do." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 4448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124448.
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Although energy analysis techniques can contribute to substantial energy savings in housing stock retrofitting operations, the outcomes often deviate significantly from the predicted results, which tend to overestimate potential savings by overestimating the starting energy baselines, particularly in southern Europe. This deviation can be largely attributed to occupant practice relating to the use of air conditioning facilities and the temperatures at which occupants feel comfortable. The patterns observed differed widely from standard values. In this study environmental variables, primarily indoor air temperature both with and without HVAC, were monitored in occupied dwellings for a full year. The data gathered were supplemented with surveys on occupants’ temperature-related behaviour to define comfort patterns. The findings show that the standards in place are not consistent with actual comfort-accepted patterns in medium- to low-income housing in southern Spain, where energy consumption was observed to be lower than expected, mostly because occupants endure unsuitable, even unhealthy, conditions over long periods of time. A new user profile, better adjusted to practice in southern Europe, particularly in social housing, is proposed to reflect the current situation.
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Ouf, Mohamed, Mohamed H. Issa, Phil Merkel, and Panos Polyzois. "THE EFFECT OF OCCUPANCY ON ELECTRICITY USE IN THREE CANADIAN SCHOOLS." Journal of Green Building 13, no. 1 (January 2018): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.1.95.
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Through building performance simulations, previous studies showed the effect of occupants on buildings' energy consumption. To further demonstrate this effect using empirical evidence, this study analyzed the effect of occupancy on real-time electricity consumption in three case-study schools in Manitoba. Within each school, one classroom as well as the gymnasium were sub-metered to collect real-time electricity consumption data at half-hourly intervals. The study focused on electricity consumption for lighting and plug loads, which make up 30% of energy consumption in Canadian commercial and institutional buildings. A comprehensive method was developed to investigate energy-related occupant behaviour in the sub-metered spaces using four different tools simultaneously: 1) gymnasium bookings after school hours over a four-month period, 2) half-hourly observations of lighting and equipment use in the sub-metered spaces in each school over a two-week period, 3) a daily survey administered to teachers in the sub-metered classrooms over a two-week period, and 4) occupancy and light sensors to evaluate actual recorded occupancy and light use durations over a four-month period. Results showed that recorded occupancy durations over a 4-month period only explained less than 10% of the variations in classrooms' lighting electricity consumption, meaning that lights may have been used frequently while classrooms were unoccupied. Results also showed the differences in gymnasiums' electricity consumption were still statistically significant between the three schools, even after school hours and when the gymnasiums were not used or booked for other activities. This study is the first to provide in-depth evaluation of the effect of occupancy on electricity consumption in Canadian schools.
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Yfanti, Sofia, Nikos Sakkas, and Emmanuel Karapidakis. "An Event-Driven Approach for Changing User Behaviour towards an Enhanced Building’s Energy Efficiency." Buildings 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100183.
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Worldwide, buildings are one of the main energy consumers and the improvement of their energy performance has attracted great interest and has been typically related to the optimisation, both design and operational, of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), lighting and DHW systems, to innovation in building materials, as well as to the integration of renewable technology in buildings. More recently, occupant behaviour has received increasing attention. Occupants’ interactions with the building systems influence their energy consumption in diverse ways. Their behaviour may affect energy use just as the systems and materials may do. Researchers identified and highlighted various aspects of this occupant behaviour and were gradually led to the conclusion that its effect might be worth investigating. This study has a twofold aim. First, to present a general conceptual framework to define, monitor and eventually change user behaviour in buildings. This framework is called “event-driven”; events are distinct moments in time associated with a potentially problematic behaviour, and the framework aims at tracking, acting upon and reporting on these events. Second, we aim to demonstrate and discuss the application and the savings achieved by means of our proposed approach and in the case of such behavioural events, in the Challenger building of Bouygues, in France.
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Murataj, Jonida, Rajat Gupta, and Fergus Nicol. "Developing Indoor Temperature Profiles of Albanian Homes for Baseline Energy Models in Relation to Contextual Factors." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 3668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103668.
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Oversimplifying occupant behaviour using static and standard schedules has been identified as a limitation of building energy simulation tools. This paper describes the use of hierarchical cluster analysis to establish the most typical indoor temperature profiles of Albanian dwellings based on monitored indoor temperatures in winter and summer, along with building and occupant surveys undertaken in 49 randomly selected dwellings in Tirana. Three statistically different profiles were developed for each summer and winter, indicating that homes are used in different ways, as well as revealing possible comfort requirements. Furthermore, statistical analysis was undertaken to determine the strength of the association between the clusters and contextual factors related to the building, household, and occupancy. A statistically significant association was found between the presence of children and the clusters in winter, suggesting that families with dependents use more energy. Building-related factors including building type, building age, and wall insulation were found to be statistically significantly associated with clusters in summer. These profiles could provide more accurate outcomes of energy consumption of Albanian homes and energy savings from retrofits. They could also facilitate the development of low-energy strategies and policies for specific households.
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Zhu, Xiaoyue, Bo Gao, Xudong Yang, Yanping Yuan, and Ji Ni. "Interactions between the Built Environment and the Energy-Related Behaviors of Occupants in Government Office Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910607.
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Human behaviors that greatly influence building energy consumption are stimulated by the indoor environment. However, the relative importance of different environmental factors remains unclear. Previous literature mostly focused on single behavior. Holistic study of multiple energy-related behaviors is scarce. To fill the gap, this study investigated 22 government office buildings in Sichuan using questionnaires and field measurement. Environmental factors were ranked based on the two dimensions of “importance level’level” and “satisfaction level”. The key energy-related behaviors were identified by the comparative study between low- and high-energy-consuming buildings. Lastly, interactions between the building energy consumption, indoor environment quality, occupants’ satisfaction, and human behaviors were analyzed. Questionnaires reveal that most occupants consider indoor air quality as the prior “pain point” while feeling satisfied enough with the thermal environment. Although people attach less importance to the acoustic environment, they manifest evident discontent, suggesting that noise control is an urgent imperative. In contrast, occupants are relatively unconcerned with illuminance, which implies the feasibility of saving energy by reasonably reducing lighting requirements of some non-critical areas. The comparative study indicates that increased energy consumption was attributable to extra personal appliances, wasteful air conditioning habits, and the lack of ventilation in summer. The objective environment of high-energy-consuming buildings is slightly better. However, the difference in perceived satisfaction was not obvious. The findings of this study contribute to determining the most noteworthy environmental factor and the key energy-related behaviors and provide reference information for optimizing energy-saving strategies.
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Serrano-Jiménez, Antonio, Jesús Lizana, Marta Molina-Huelva, and Ángela Barrios-Padura. "Decision-support method for profitable residential energy retrofitting based on energy-related occupant behaviour." Journal of Cleaner Production 222 (June 2019): 622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.089.
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Azizi, Nurul Sakina Mokhtar, Suzanne Wilkinson, and Elizabeth Fassman. "DO OCCUPANTS IN GREEN BUILDINGS PRACTICE BETTER ENERGY SAVING BEHAVIOUR IN COMPUTER USAGE THAN OCCUPANTS IN CONVENTIONAL BUILDINGS?" Journal of Green Building 10, no. 4 (November 2015): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.10.4.178.
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Green buildings are not entirely successful in achieving energy saving targets. One way of improving energy targets is to encourage occupants to adopt energy saving behaviour. To date, energy saving behaviour has been given less focus in improving green building performance than other energy saving initiatives, such as retrofitting buildings for green features. This study uses comparison case studies between green buildings and conventional buildings in New Zealand to better understand the energy saving behaviour of occupants. Questionnaires were distributed to occupants in green and conventional buildings to evaluate the extent of energy saving behaviour practiced and to identify potential strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour. The objective of this paper is to investigate the level of energy saving behaviour between green and conventional office buildings to see if people in green buildings perform better energy saving behaviour than people in conventional buildings in computer usage. The findings do show better energy saving behaviour from occupants in green buildings than occupants in conventional buildings. The paper shows why this is the case. The recommended strategies to encourage energy saving behaviour used by different buildings are also discussed. Strategies include raising education awareness on energy efficiency among the building occupants, energy saving commitments, and to have an active building manager assigned for energy related matters.
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Cassola, Fernando, Leonel Morgado, António Coelho, Hugo Paredes, António Barbosa, Helga Tavares, and Filipe Soares. "Using Virtual Choreographies to Identify Office Users’ Behaviors to Target Behavior Change Based on Their Potential to Impact Energy Consumption." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124354.
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Reducing office buildings’ energy consumption can contribute significantly towards carbon reduction commitments since it represents ∼40% of total energy consumption. Major components of this are lighting, electrical equipment, heating, and central cooling systems. Solid evidence demonstrates that individual occupants’ behaviors impact these energy consumption components. In this work, we propose the methodology of using virtual choreographies to identify and prioritize behavior-change interventions for office users based on the potential impact of specific behaviors on energy consumption. We studied the energy-related office behaviors of individuals by combining three sources of data: direct observations, electricity meters, and computer logs. Data show that there are behaviors with significant consumption impact but with little potential for behavioral change, while other behaviors have substantial potential for lowering energy consumption via behavioral change.
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Tuniki, Himanshu Patel, Andrius Jurelionis, and Paris Fokaides. "A review on the approaches in analysing energy-related occupant behaviour research." Journal of Building Engineering 40 (August 2021): 102630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102630.
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Wang, Yuanchen, Aini Maixiwuer, Dirk Schwede, and Konstantinos Stergiaropoulos. "Using a calibrated multi-zone building model to analyse the impact of occupant behaviour on building performance." E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601039.
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Building performance simulation has been commonly used for performance-based building design. However, the simulation accuracy is closely related to the model and input parameters regarding the building physics and occupant behaviour. To check and improve the accuracy of the simulation, the model usually needs to be calibrated using measured data. Uncertain parameters are adjusted in this process to reduce the discrepancy between simulation and measurement results. Although occupant behaviour has a significant impact on building performance, it has not been considered a key component of model calibration in previous studies. Model calibration using only indoor environmental and energy consumption data without considering occupant behaviour is unreliable. In this context, a step-by-step model calibration approach is proposed in this study to optimise the estimated parameters in typical operational scenarios where occupant behaviour can be conveniently determined. A case study shows that although the simulation results for apartment energy use are similar before and after model calibration, differences can be observed in the evaluation of indoor air quality and thermal environment. Simulation results using occupant behaviour based on design standards are significantly deviated from the measured values, compared to that using actual occupant behaviour.
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Hammad, Ahmed WA. "Minimising the Deviation between Predicted and Actual Building Performance via Use of Neural Networks and BIM." Buildings 9, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9050131.
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Building energy performance tools are widely used to simulate the expected energy consumption of a given building during the operation phase of its life cycle. Deviations between predicted and actual energy consumptions have however been reported as a major limiting factor to the tools adopted in the literature. A significant reason highlighted as greatly influencing the difference in energy performance is related to the occupant behaviour of the building. To enhance the effectiveness of building energy performance tools, this study proposes a method which integrates Building Information Modelling (BIM) with artificial neural network model for limiting the deviation between predicted and actual energy consumption rates. Through training a deep neural network for predicting occupant behaviour that reflects the actual performance of the building under examination, accurate BIM representations are produced which are validated via energy simulations. The proposed method is applied to a realistic case study, which highlights significant improvements when contrasted with a static simulation that does not account for changes in occupant behaviour.
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Gul, Mehreen Saleem, and Elmira NezamiFar. "Investigating the Interrelationships among Occupant Attitude, Knowledge and Behaviour in LEED-Certified Buildings Using Structural Equation Modelling." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 3158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123158.
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The proliferation of residential building energy consumption and CO2 emissions has led many countries to develop buildings under the green rating systems umbrella. Many such buildings, however, fail to meet their designed energy performance, which is possibly attributable to occupant behaviour and unforeseen building usages. The research problem lies in the fact that occupant environmental behaviour is a complex socio-cultural-technical issue that needs to be addressed to achieve the desired energy savings. This study is novel as it investigates complex interrelationships between many observed and unobserved variables using data from four LEED-certified multi-residential buildings in the United Arab Emirates. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the impact of three unobserved/latent variables: occupant environmental Attitude, Knowledge and Behaviour (AKB) with respect to occupant energy consumption, based on measured/observed variables. Although our Goodness-of-Fit values indicated that we achieved a good model fit, the interrelationship between Knowledge and Behaviour (p = 0.557) and between Attitude and Behaviour (p = 0.931) was insignificant, as the p-values > 0.05. The key study outcomes were: (i) providing information alone could not motivate people towards environmentally friendly behaviour; (ii) even changes in their attitude, belief and lifestyle were not significantly related to their behaviour, as the interrelationships among occupant environmental AKB were not significant; and (iii) knowledge and attitude change should be combined with other motivational factors to trigger environmentally friendly actions and influence behaviour.
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Casado-Mansilla, Diego, Apostolos C. Tsolakis, Cruz E. Borges, Oihane Kamara-Esteban, Stelios Krinidis, Jose Manuel Avila, Dimitrios Tzovaras, and Diego López-de-Ipiña. "Socio-Economic Effect on ICT-Based Persuasive Interventions Towards Energy Efficiency in Tertiary Buildings." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071700.
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Occupants of tertiary environments rarely care about their energy consumption. This fact is even more accentuated in cases of buildings of public use. Such unawareness has been identified by many scholars as one of the main untapped opportunities with high energy saving potential in terms of cost-effectiveness. Towards that direction, there have been numerous studies exploring energy-related behaviour and the impact that our daily actions have on energy efficiency, demand response and flexibility of power systems. Nevertheless, there are still certain aspects that remain controversial and unidentified, especially in terms of socio-economic characteristics of the occupants with regards to bespoke tailored motivational and awareness-based campaigns. The presented work introduces a two-step survey, publicly available through Zenodo repository that covers social, economic, behavioural and demographic factors. The survey analysis aims to fully depict the drivers that affect occupant energy-related behaviour at tertiary buildings and the barriers which may hinder green actions. Moreover, the survey reports evidence on respondents’ self-assessment of fifteen known principles of persuasion intended to motivate them to behave pro-environmentally. The outcomes from the self-assessment help to shed light on understanding which of the Persuasive Principles may work better to nudge different user profiles towards doing greener actions at workplace. This study was conducted in four EU countries, six different cities and seven buildings, reaching more than three-hundred-and-fifty people. Specifically, a questionnaire was delivered before (PRE) and after (POST) a recommendation-based intervention towards pro-environmental behaviour through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The findings from the PRE-pilot stage were used to refine the POST-pilot survey (e.g., we removed some questions that did not add value to one or several research questions or dismissed the assessment of Persuasive Principles (PPs) which were of low value to respondents in the pre-pilot survey). Both surveys validate “Cause and Effect”, “Conditioning” and “Self-monitoring” as the top PPs for affecting energy-related behaviour in a workplace context. Among other results, the descriptive and prescriptive analysis reveals the association effects of specific barriers, pro-environmental intentions and confidence in technology on forming new pro-environmental behaviour. The results of this study intend to set the foundations for future interventions based on persuasion through ICT to reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Among all types of tertiary buildings, we emphasise on the validity of the results provided for buildings of public use.
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Yao, Jian, LiYi Chen, and Wu Jin. "Uncertainty of Daylighting Performance of Manual Solar Shades and its Influence on Lighting Energy." Volume 28, Number 2, 2020, no. 02-2020 (April 2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2019-030.
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Occupant behaviour significantly influences building energy consumption. This paper is devoted to studies the uncertainty of daylighting performance and lighting energy of manual solar shades on the south facade. A developed stochastic model for manual solar shades was used for co-simulation by BCVTB. Results show that uncertainty of shade action was not suppressed by the shade behaviour model with very weak relationship between different simulation outputs. Uncertainty of daylighting performance is 15.08 % while lighting energy uncertainty is 10.38 %. Although this level of energy uncertainty is not very significant, it influences economic analysis of manual solar shades and therefore, occupant related uncertainty should be taken into consideration when predicting energy performance of manual shades.
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Maghsoudi Nia, Elham Maghsoudi, Queena K. Qian, and Henk J. Visscher. "Analysis of Occupant Behaviours in Energy Efficiency Retrofitting Projects." Land 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11111944.
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This review of studies into Energy Efficiency Retrofitting (EER) has shown the practice of EER to be a key factor in sustainability regeneration. Thus, the retrofitting practice itself (the way it is organised) has received increasing attention from both practitioners and researchers, and studies are now addressing some issues that are affecting the retrofit level of achievement. Most of the risks which lead to low retrofit development are related to owners. This paper aims highlight the role of the occupants in achieving the goals of EER. It is found that: a) the early involvement of occupants in the design and construction stage, b) mutual engagement, and c) an integral approach that involves the occupants are the key to motivate EER decisions from these same occupants. It follows that this involvement, including the demographic characteristics of the occupants, such as their culture, habits, preferences, awareness towards energy saving and socio-economic factors, are indeed effective in influencing the energy-related behaviours of these occupants. Moreover, other factors, such as space-heating behaviour, presence/absence of the occupants, control level of the equipment and window, and lighting control behaviour, are all effective factors in the energy performance of the buildings. Hence, socio-technical advancements, co-design processes and effective energy efficiency policies are recommended strategies to: a) improve occupants’ behaviours; and b) increase their participation in EER projects.
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Debnath, Kumar Biswajit, David P. Jenkins, Sandhya Patidar, and Andrew D. Peacock. "Understanding Residential Occupant Cooling Behaviour through Electricity Consumption in Warm-Humid Climate." Buildings 10, no. 4 (April 19, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10040078.
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According to the India Energy Security Scenario 2047, the number of residential air conditioner (A/C) units may increase seven-fold by 2037 as compared to 2017. Also, the related energy consumption might increase four times in the next two decades, according to India’s National Cooling Action Plan. Therefore, the study of occupant cooling behaviour is essential to reduce and manage the significant electricity demand, helping to formulate and implement climate-specific cooling policies, and to adopt low-energy and low-cost technologies at mass-market scale. The study aims to analyse residential electricity consumption in order to investigate occupant behaviour, especially for thermal comfort by using space cooling and mechanical ventilation technologies. Among the five climate zones in India, this study focuses on the occupant behaviour in a warm-humid climate using Auroville as a case study, where climate analysis of the past 30 years demonstrated progression towards unprecedented warmer weather in the last five years. In this study, electricity consumption data from 18 households (flats) were monitored for seven months (November 2018–June 2019). The study also elaborated the limitations faced while monitoring and proposed a data filling methodology to create a complete daily profile for analysing occupant behaviour through electricity consumption. The results of the data-driven approach demonstrated the characteristics and complexities in occupant behaviour and insight on the operation of different technologies to attain thermal comfort in residential buildings in an increasingly warming climate.
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Deme Belafi, Zsofia, Tianzhen Hong, and Andras Reith. "A critical review on questionnaire surveys in the field of energy-related occupant behaviour." Energy Efficiency 11, no. 8 (July 19, 2018): 2157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9711-z.
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Dong, Bing, Zhaoxuan Li, and Gaelen Mcfadden. "An investigation on energy-related occupancy behavior for low-income residential buildings." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 21, no. 6 (May 15, 2015): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2015.1040321.
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