Journal articles: 'Energy-quality scaling'

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Gong, Xiao-Hui, Hao Liu, Jia-Tong Sun, Xin-Sheng Zhang, and Xiao-Fan Sun. "Scaling-based energy-quality multilevel control for aerial imagery." Optoelectronics Letters 14, no. 5 (September 2018): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-018-7190-2.

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Liu, Jie, Lixin Xie, Zhi Wang, and Junsheng Yuan. "Dual-stage nanofiltration seawater desalination: water quality, scaling and energy consumption." Desalination and Water Treatment 52, no. 1-3 (May 30, 2013): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.793991.

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Teo, Jinq Horng, Shuai Cheng, and Massimo Alioto. "Low-Energy Voice Activity Detection via Energy-Quality Scaling From Data Conversion to Machine Learning." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 67, no. 4 (April 2020): 1378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2019.2960843.

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Alioto, Massimo, Vivek De, and Andrea Marongiu. "Energy-Quality Scalable Integrated Circuits and Systems: Continuing Energy Scaling in the Twilight of Moore’s Law." IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems 8, no. 4 (December 2018): 653–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2018.2881461.

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Huang, Jiwei, and Chuang Lin. "Improving Energy Efficiency in Web Services." International Journal of Web Services Research 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2013010102.

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With the rapid increase of the energy consumption associated with IT systems and services, energy efficiency is becoming a critical issue in the design, development and management of web service systems. One of the main mechanisms that can be used to reduce the energy consumption is dynamic speed scaling which scales the frequencies of the processors of web servers at hardware level. Another approach is service selection to facilitate the use of energy through effective distribution and management of the web services. In this paper, both the web service selection and server dynamic speed scaling are optimized by maximizing the quality of service (QoS) revenue and minimizing energy costs. Stochastic models of web service systems are proposed, and techniques for quantitative analysis of the performance and energy consumption are investigated. The authors formulate the service selection and speed scaling as a Markov Decision problem, and introduce related algorithms to solve it. Furthermore, the authors build up an optimization framework using multi-agent techniques, and design efficient algorithms to solve the problem in large-scale web service systems. Finally, the effectiveness of their approach is validated by simulation experiments.

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Jeong, Jonghyun, and Youngmin Kim. "ASAD-RD: Accuracy Scalable Approximate Divider Based on Restoring Division for Energy Efficiency." Electronics 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010031.

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Approximate computing can considerably improve energy efficiency by mitigating the accuracy requirements of calculations in error resilient application programming, such as machine learning, audio–video signal processing, data mining, and search engines. In this study, we propose an approximate divider for dynamic energy-quality scaling, which involves a trade-off between accuracy and latency. Previous approximate dividers for dynamic energy-quality scaling are well-configured, but lack energy-quality scalability. The key is to create a more accurate dynamic approximate divider while extending the limits of accuracy to maximize energy efficiency and meet various accuracy requirements. The proposed divider, called the accuracy scalable approximate divider based on restoring division (ASAD-RD), uses restoring division to significantly improve the error of the approximate divider and to use less latency. For the 8-bit division, SAADI, the previous design, has an average accuracy of 90.78% to 98.77%; however, ASAD-RD can improve the accuracy between 95.2% and 99.23% and hardly requires additional power consumption. Furthermore, for the same target accuracy, ASAD-RD requires fewer cycle iterations than SAADI. Thus, ASAD-RD requires lower energy than SAADI and can operate as an energy-efficient approximate divider.

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Dürr, Christoph, Łukasz Jeż, and Óscar C. Vásquez. "Mechanism design for aggregating energy consumption and quality of service in speed scaling scheduling." Theoretical Computer Science 695 (September 2017): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2017.07.020.

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Mandl, A., A. Zavriyev, and D. E. Klimek. "Energy scaling and beam quality studies of a zigzag solid-state plastic dye laser." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 32, no. 10 (1996): 1723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.538775.

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Ketola, Tarmo, Janne S. Kotiaho, Dominique Mazzi, and Mikael Puurtinen. "Inbreeding depression in intraspecific metabolic scaling." Animal Biology 63, no. 3 (2013): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002418.

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Metabolic scaling (i.e., the relationship between the size and metabolic rate of organisms) has been suggested to explain a large variety of biological patterns from individual growth to species diversity. However, considerable disagreement remains regarding the underlying causes of metabolic scaling patterns, and what these patterns are. As in all biology, understanding metabolic scaling will require understanding its evolution by natural selection. We searched for evidence of natural selection on metabolic scaling indirectly by manipulating the genetic quality of male and female Drosophila montana flies with induced mutations and inbreeding, building on the notion that mutations and inbreeding will cause predictable changes in characters under directional selection. Irradiation-induced mutations had no effect on the examined traits, most likely because of purging at an early stage. However, inbreeding increased the energy use of larger females, suggesting that selection has favoured low metabolic scaling in females. Inbreeding did not affect metabolic scaling of males. Together, our results suggest that natural selection on metabolic scaling acts differently on the sexes, depending on the relative importance of body size and energetic efficiency to individual fitness. The results call attention to the important notion that size-specific energy use can be an evolutionarily malleable trait.

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ILONCA, G., A. V. POP, T. JURCUT, E. MOCOCEAN, C. BEIUSEANU, C. LUNG, G. STIUFIUC, R. STIUFIUC, M. YE, and R. DELTOUR. "MAGNETIC FIELD AND TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THERMALLY ACTIVATED DISSIPATION IN EPITAXIAL THIN FILMS OF YBa2 (Cu1-xZnx)3O7-d." Modern Physics Letters B 15, no. 22 (September 20, 2001): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984901002786.

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The scaling behavior of the effective activation energy of high-quality epitaxial c-oriented YBa 2( Cu 1-x Zn x)3 O 7-d thin films has been studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field. For all samples, the effective activation energy scales as U(T, μ0H) = U0(1 - T/T c )mHn with exponent m = 1.6 ± 0.02 - 1.3 ± 0.02 and the field scaling 1/μ0H and - ln μ0H for thick films and ultrathin films, respectively. The results are discussed taking account of the influence of the Zn substitution on the flux pinning in epitaxial YBa 2( Cu 1-x Zn x)3 O 7-d thin films.

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Hu, Cheng, and Yuhui Deng. "Extracting a Credible Hint of Response Time to Scale Resources in Elastic Clusters." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 13 (February 24, 2020): 2050211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502114.

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In elastic clusters, the service resources (or called “resources” for short) can be dynamically scaled, thus providing opportunities to cut down the energy cost of redundant resources. Generally, taking into account the Quality of Service (QoS) of clusters, resources are carefully scaled according to specific hints which are some features of system status. However, when the Service Quality Requirement (SQR) is referred to the response time of requests, some widely used features cannot well reflect the status of the QoS. Consequently, the QoS cannot be well maintained, and the energy-saving efficiency is unsatisfactory. In this paper, we indicate that under such SQR, the outstanding hint for resource scaling is the response time of requests. Accordingly, we propose a resource scaling method which scales resources leveraging an elaborate Hint of Response time (HR). More specifically, HR is credible to foresee future QoS, and our method extracts HR by tracking and making analysis on the waiting requests in each server. Moreover, when resource scaling operation is performed, our method can estimate how many resources are suitable for current workloads with a good accuracy. Thereby, our method can timely and directly scale resources to the suitable amount, thus can significantly reduce the time delay of re-matching resources. Finally, our method can significantly promote cluster performance on both the QoS and the energy-saving efficiency.

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Lei, Ming Yue, Zheng Huang, Qiao Yan Wen, and Chun Ye Hu. "A Secure Cloud Computing Scaling Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.60.

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Since many Internet enterprises employ the computing resources provided by Cloud Service Provider (CSP), how to dynamically adjust the number of rented servers and improve service quality becomes a crucial subject. A lot of efforts have been made to achieve intelligent energy saving capacity adjustment but scarcely any of them takes the security issue of cloud data into account. In this paper, we focus on the cloud storage security in the cloud computing capacity scaling. We design the security part of the whole model based on the idea of Proofs of Retrievability (POR). In the scaling part of the model, we determine the scaling strategy according to email server instances CPU utilization. With simulation and performance evaluation, we conclude that the designed model is able to enable verifier to check the integrity of the information in the cloud storage and maintain satisfied response time target within Service Level Agreement (SLA).

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Cheng, Liang, Shivajit Mohapatra, Magda El Zarki, Nikil Dutt, and Nalini Venkatasubramanian. "Quality-Based Backlight Optimization for Video Playback on Handheld Devices." Advances in Multimedia 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/83715.

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For a typical handheld device, the backlight accounts for a significant percentage of the total energy consumption (e.g., around 30% for a Compaq iPAQ 3650). Substantial energy savings can be achieved by dynamically adapting backlight intensity levels on such low-power portable devices. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of video streaming services and propose a cross-layer optimization scheme called quality adapted backlight scaling (QABS) to achieve backlight energy savings for video playback applications on handheld devices. Specifically, we present a fast algorithm to optimize backlight dimming while keeping the degradation in image quality to a minimum so that the overall service quality is close to a specified threshold. Additionally, we propose two effective techniques to prevent frequent backlight switching, which negatively affects user perception of video. Our initial experimental results indicate that the energy used for backlight is significantly reduced, while the desired quality is satisfied. The proposed algorithms can be realized in real time.

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YANG, T. R., G. ILONCA, V. TOMA, P. BALINT, and M. BODEA. "MAGNETIC RESISTIVITY IN Bi2Sr2Ca(Cu1-xCox)2Od EPITAXIAL THIN FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 01 (January 10, 2007): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207035923.

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The scaling behavior of the effective activation energy of high-quality epitaxial c-oriented Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca ( Cu 1-x Co x)2 O d thin films with 0≤x ≤0.025 has been studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field. For all samples, the effective activation energy scales as U(T, μoH)=Uo(1-T/T c )mHn with exponent m=1.25±0.03, n=-1/2 and the field scaling 1/μoH and -UμoH for thick films and ultra thin films, respectively. The results are discussed taking into account of the influence of the Co substitution with a model in which U(T, H) arises from plastic deformations of the viscous flux liquid above the vortex-glass transition temperature.

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Hijji, Mohammad, Bilal Ahmad, Gulzar Alam, Ahmed Alwakeel, Mohammed Alwakeel, Lubna Abdulaziz Alharbi, Ahd Aljarf, and Muhammad Umair Khan. "Cloud Servers: Resource Optimization Using Different Energy Saving Techniques." Sensors 22, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 8384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218384.

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Currently, researchers are working to contribute to the emerging fields of cloud computing, edge computing, and distributed systems. The major area of interest is to examine and understand their performance. The major globally leading companies, such as Google, Amazon, ONLIVE, Giaki, and eBay, are truly concerned about the impact of energy consumption. These cloud computing companies use huge data centers, consisting of virtual computers that are positioned worldwide and necessitate exceptionally high-power costs to preserve. The increased requirement for energy consumption in IT firms has posed many challenges for cloud computing companies pertinent to power expenses. Energy utilization is reliant upon numerous aspects, for example, the service level agreement, techniques for choosing the virtual machine, the applied optimization strategies and policies, and kinds of workload. The present paper tries to provide an answer to challenges related to energy-saving through the assistance of both dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques for gaming data centers. Also, to evaluate both the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques compared to non-power-aware and static threshold detection techniques. The findings will facilitate service suppliers in how to encounter the quality of service and experience limitations by fulfilling the service level agreements. For this purpose, the CloudSim platform is applied for the application of a situation in which game traces are employed as a workload for analyzing the procedure. The findings evidenced that an assortment of good quality techniques can benefit gaming servers to conserve energy expenditures and sustain the best quality of service for consumers located universally. The originality of this research presents a prospect to examine which procedure performs good (for example, dynamic, static, or non-power aware). The findings validate that less energy is utilized by applying a dynamic voltage and frequency method along with fewer service level agreement violations, and better quality of service and experience, in contrast with static threshold consolidation or non-power aware technique.

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d’Auria, Francesco, Marco Cherubini, Maria Galassi, and Nikolaus Muellner. "Analysis of measured and calculated counterpart test data in PWR and VVER 1000 simulators." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 20, no. 1 (2005): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0501003d.

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This paper presents an over view of the "scaling strategy", in particular the role played by the counter part test methodology. The recent studies dealing with a scaling analysis in light water reactor with special regard to the VVER 1000 Russian reactor type are presented to demonstrate the phenomena important for scaling. The adopted scaling approach is based on the selection of a few characteristic parameters chosen by taking into account their relevance in the behavior of the transient. The adopted computer code used is RELAP5/Mod3.3 and its accuracy has been demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Comparing experimental data, it was found that the investigated facilities showed similar behavior concerning the time trends, and that the same thermal hydraulic phenomena on a qualitative level could be predicted. The main results are: PSB and LOBI main parameters have similar trends. This fact is the confirmation of the validity of the adopted scaling approach and it shows that PWR and VVER reactor type behavior is very similar. No new phenomena occurred during the counter part test, despite the fact that the two facilities had a different lay out, and the already known phenomena were predicted correctly by the code. The code capability and accuracy are scale-independent. Both character is tics are necessary to permit the full scale calculation with the aim of nuclear power plant behavior prediction. .

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Fathi, Hossein, Mikko Närhi, and Regina Gumenyuk. "Towards Ultimate High-Power Scaling: Coherent Beam Combining of Fiber Lasers." Photonics 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120566.

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Fiber laser technology has been demonstrated as a versatile and reliable approach to laser source manufacturing with a wide range of applicability in various fields ranging from science to industry. The power/energy scaling of single-fiber laser systems has faced several fundamental limitations. To overcome them and to boost the power/energy level even further, combining the output powers of multiple lasers has become the primary approach. Among various combining techniques, the coherent beam combining of fiber amplification channels is the most promising approach, instrumenting ultra-high-power/energy lasers with near-diffraction-limited beam quality. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress of coherent beam combining for both continuous-wave and ultrafast fiber lasers. The concept of coherent beam combining from basic notions to specific details of methods, requirements, and challenges is discussed, along with reporting some practical architectures for both continuous and ultrafast fiber lasers.

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Huang, Qiang, Lin Sun, Furong Jia, Jiaxin Yuan, Yao Wu, and Jinshan Pan. "Automatic Scaling Mechanism of Intermodal EDI System under Green Cloud Computing." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4390923.

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EDI is a hot topic in the research of multimodal transportation informatization, which determines the exchange level of intermodal transportation information. However, its high cost, large system coupling degree and low performance threshold cannot adapt to mass data exchange in high concurrent environment. Therefore, a decentralized, scalable, distributed and efficient data exchange system is formed. It plays a key role in realizing the comprehensive sharing of interdepartmental intermodal information in the cloud environment. In order to solve the problem of mismatching between application load and computing resource capacity and realize on-demand resource allocation and low carbon emission, this paper proposes to build an Extensible EDI system (XEDI) based on MSA and studies the scaling mechanism in container environment. Based on the resource scheduling characteristics of container cloud and considering the distribution and heterogeneity of intermodal cloud computing platform from the perspective of resource allocation, the automatic scaling mechanism of XEDI is established, the scaling model is established, and the automatic scaling algorithm is proposed. For Dominant Resource Fairness for XEDI (XDRF) resource allocation algorithm and Dominant Resource Fairness for XEDI (CXDRF) based on carbon considering energy consumption, the CXDRF algorithm is proved by quantitative experiments to achieve system performance optimization on the basis of ensuring system reliability and effectively reducing energy consumption. XEDI can not only meet the demand of dynamic load and improve service quality, but also reduce resource occupation and save energy by releasing virtual resources when resource utilization rate is low. It has great research significance and practical value for mass data application under low energy consumption conditions.

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SHERSTOBITOV, V. E. "PHASE CONJUGATION OF CO2 LASER RADIATION." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 02, no. 03 (July 1993): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199193000280.

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A review of the various techniques of using phase conjugation mirrors to improve the quality of high power CO 2 lasers is presented. Emphasis will be on the problem of energy and power scaling of phase conjugation mirrors. Experimental results obtained by various groups are discussed and possible future directions are pointed out.

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Pearson, Jeffrey L., Peter R. Michael, Noreddine Ghaffour, and Thomas M. Missimer. "Economics and Energy Consumption of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination: Innovations and Impacts of Feedwater Quality." Membranes 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080616.

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Brackish water desalination, using the reverse osmosis (BWRO) process, has become common in global regions, where vast reserves of brackish groundwater are found (e.g., the United States, North Africa). A literature survey and detailed analyses of several BWRO facilities in Florida have revealed some interesting and valuable information on the costs and energy use. Depending on the capacity, water quality, and additional scope items, the capital cost (CAPEX) ranges from USD 500 to USD 2947/m3 of the capacity (USD 690–USD 4067/m3 corrected for inflation to 2020). The highest number was associated with the City of Cape Coral North Plant, Florida, which had an expanded project scope. The general range of the operating cost (OPEX) is USD 0.39 to USD 0.66/m3 (cannot be corrected for inflation), for a range of capacities from 10,000 to 70,000 m3/d. The feed-water quality, in the range of 2000 to 6000 mg/L of the total dissolved solids, does not significantly impact the OPEX. There is a significant scaling trend, with OPEX cost reducing as plant capacity increases, but there is considerable scatter based on the pre- and post-treatment complexity. Many BWRO facilities operate with long-term increases in the salinity of the feedwater (groundwater), caused by pumping-induced vertical and horizontal migration of the higher salinity water. Any cost and energy increase that is caused by the higher feed water salinity, can be significantly mitigated by using energy recovery, which is not commonly used in BWRO operations. OPEX in BWRO systems is likely to remain relatively constant, based on the limitation on the plant capacity, caused by the brackish water availability at a given site. Seawater reverse osmosis facilities, with a very large capacity, have a lower OPEX compared to the upper range of BWRO, because of capacity scaling, special electrical energy deals, and process design certainty.

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Prasad S, Nagendra, and Subash Kulkarni S. "Quality and energy optimized scheduling technique for executing scientific workload in cloud computing environment." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1039-1047.

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<p class="Abstract">Modern BigData data-intensive and scientific workload execution is challenging. The major issues are reliable processing, performance efficiency and energy efficacy perquisite of BigData processing framework. This work assume self-aware MC architectures that autonomously adjust or optimize their performance to accommodate users quality of service (QoS) performance requirement, job execution performance, energy efficiency, and resource accessibility. Extensive workload scheduling has been presented to minimize energy consumption in cloud computing (CC) environment. However, the existing workload scheduling model induces higher amount of interaction cost between inter-processors communications. Further, due to poor resource utilization, routing inefficiency these existing model induces higher energy cost and fails to meet workload QoS prerequisite. For overcoming research challenges, this paper presented quality and energy optimized scheduling (QEOS) technique for executing data-intensive workload by employing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique. Experiment outcome shows QEOS model attains good trade-off between system performance and energy consumption in multi-core cloud computing (CC) architectures when compared with existing model.</p>

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Murphy, Benjamin N., Christopher G. Nolte, Fahim Sidi, Jesse O. Bash, K. Wyat Appel, Carey Jang, Daiwen Kang, et al. "The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID) module in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.3.2." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 3407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3407-2021.

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Abstract. Air quality modeling for research and regulatory applications often involves executing many emissions sensitivity cases to quantify impacts of hypothetical scenarios, estimate source contributions, or quantify uncertainties. Despite the prevalence of this task, conventional approaches for perturbing emissions in chemical transport models like the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model require extensive offline creation and finalization of alternative emissions input files. This workflow is often time-consuming, error-prone, inconsistent among model users, difficult to document, and dependent on increased hard disk resources. The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID) module, a component of CMAQv5.3 and beyond, addresses these limitations by performing these modifications online during the air quality simulation. Further, the model contains an Emission Control Interface which allows users to prescribe both simple and highly complex emissions scaling operations with control over individual or multiple chemical species, emissions sources, and spatial areas of interest. DESID further enhances the transparency of its operations with extensive error-checking and optional gridded output of processed emission fields. These new features are of high value to many air quality applications including routine perturbation studies, atmospheric chemistry research, and coupling with external models (e.g., energy system models, reduced-form models).

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Nagy, Andras, and Ingo Jahn. "Advanced Data Acquisition System for Wind Energy Applications." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11515.

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Today renewable energies, particularly wind energy are important to meet 24 hour energy demands while keeping carbon emissions low. As the cost of renewable energies are high, improving their efficiency is a key factor to reduce energy prices. High quality experimental data is essential to develop deeper understanding of the existing systems and to improve their efficiency.This paper introduces an unmanned airborne data acquisition system that can measure properties around wind-turbines to provide new insight into aerodynamic performance and loss mechanisms and to provide validation data for wind-turbine design methods. The described system is a flexible and portable platform for collecting high quality data from existing full-scale wind-turbine installations. This allows experiments to be conducted without scaling and with real-world boundary conditions.The system consists of two major parts: the unmanned flying platform (UAV) and the data acquisition system (DAQ). For the UAV a commercially available unit is selected, which has the ability to fly a route autonomously with sufficient precision, the ability to hover, and sufficient load capacity to carry the DAQ system. The DAQ system in contrast, is developed in-house to achieve a high quality data collection capability and to increase flexibility.

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Bang, Seongbae, and Wonha Kim. "DCT Domain Detail Image Enhancement for More Resolved Images." Electronics 10, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 2461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202461.

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This paper develops a detail image signal enhancement that makes images perceived as being clearer and more resolved and so more effective for higher resolution displays. We observe that the local variant signal enhancement makes images more vivid, and the more revealed granular signals harmonically embedded on the local variant signals make images more resolved. Based on this observation, we develop a method that not only emphasizes the local variant signals by scaling up the frequency energy in accordance with human visual perception, but also strengthens the granular signals by embedding the alpha-rooting enhanced frequency components. The proposed energy scaling method emphasizes the detail signals in texture images and rarely boosts noisy signals in plain images. In addition, to avoid the local ringing artifact, the proposed method adjusts the enhancement direction to be parallel to the underlying image signal direction. It was verified through subjective and objective quality evaluations that the developed method makes images perceived as clearer and highly resolved.

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Ivashko, A. M., V. E. Kisel, and N. V. Kuleshov. "POWER SCALING IN CONTINUOUS-WAVE YB:YAG MICROCHIP LASER FOR MEASURING APPLICATIONS." Devices and Methods of Measurements 8, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2017-8-3-222-227.

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Characteristics optimization of lasers used in different measuring systems is of great interest up to now. Diode-pumped microchip lasers is one of the most perspective ways for development of solid-state light sources with minimal size and weight together with low energy power consumption. Increasing of output power with good beam quality is rather difficult task for such type of lasers due to thermal effects in the gain crystal under high pump power.The investigation results of continuous-wave longitudinally diode-pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser are presented. In the presented laser radiation from multiple pump laser diodes were focused into the separate zone in one gain crystal that provides simultaneous generation of multiple laser beams. The energy and spatial laser beam characteristics were investigated.Influence of neighboring pumped regions on energy and spatial laser beams parameters both for separate and for sum laser output was observed. The dependences of laser output power from distance between neighboring pumped regions and their number were determined. Decreasing of laser output power was demonstrated with corresponding distance shortening between pumped regions and increasing their quantity with simultaneous improvement of laser beam quality.Demonstrated mutual influence of neighboring pumped regions in the longitudinally diode pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser allow as to generate diffraction limited Gaussian beam with 2W of continuous-wave output power that 30 % higher than in case of one pumped zone.

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Yassa, Sonia, Rachid Chelouah, Hubert Kadima, and Bertrand Granado. "Multi-Objective Approach for Energy-Aware Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/350934.

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We address the problem of scheduling workflow applications on heterogeneous computing systems like cloud computing infrastructures. In general, the cloud workflow scheduling is a complex optimization problem which requires considering different criteria so as to meet a large number of QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. Traditional research in workflow scheduling mainly focuses on the optimization constrained by time or cost without paying attention to energy consumption. The main contribution of this study is to propose a new approach for multi-objective workflow scheduling in clouds, and present the hybrid PSO algorithm to optimize the scheduling performance. Our method is based on the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique to minimize energy consumption. This technique allows processors to operate in different voltage supply levels by sacrificing clock frequencies. This multiple voltage involves a compromise between the quality of schedules and energy. Simulation results on synthetic and real-world scientific applications highlight the robust performance of the proposed approach.

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Glick, Mark B., Eileen Peppard, and Wendy Meguro. "Analysis of Methodology for Scaling up Building Retrofits: Is There a Role for Virtual Energy Audits?—A First Step in Hawai’i, USA." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185914.

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Energy audits are a time-consuming and expensive initial step in the building retrofit process. Virtual energy audits purport to be an alternative that remotely identifies energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that may reduce electricity consumption and offset operational costs to businesses operating during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This case study reviews virtual energy audits as a means to benchmark energy use and estimate cost savings from future EEMs. A novel feature was the estimation of energy costs associated with increasing ventilation to improve indoor air quality. The authors analyzed ten virtual energy audits performed in Honolulu, Hawai’i, over a two-week period that used existing building information and electricity use data to estimate a potential 9% to 41% annual electricity use reduction per building and a 24 MWh to 1195 MWh reduction, respectively. This paper makes a significant contribution through its assessment of virtual energy audits as a step beyond benchmarking, which has merit as an educational tool to motivate business owners to reduce energy use and improve indoor air quality. Further evaluation and improvements are suggested to study how often the virtual energy audits instigate action, how they compare with in-person audits, and their potential for use at a large scale.

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Su, Dan, Kaicheng Li, and Nian Shi. "Power Quality Disturbances Recognition Using Modified S-Transform Based on Optimally Concentrated Window with Integration of Renewable Energy." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179868.

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To meet power quality requirements, it is necessary to classify and identify the power quality of the power grid connected with renewable energy generation. S-transform (ST) is an effective method to analyze power quality in time and frequency domains. ST is widely used to detect and classify various kinds of non-stationary power quality disturbances. However, the long taper and scaling criteria of the Gaussian window in standard ST (SST) will lead to poor time domain resolution at low frequency and poor frequency resolution at high frequency. To solve the discrete side effects, it is necessary to select the optimal window function to locate the time frequency accurately. This paper proposes a modified ST (MST) method. In this method, an improved window function of energy concentration in time-frequency distribution is introduced to optimize the shape of each window function. This method determines the parameters of Gaussian window to maximize the product of energy concentration in a time-frequency domain within a given time and frequency interval, so as to improve the energy concentration. The result shows that compared with the SST with Gaussian window, ST based on the optimally concentrated window proposed in this paper has better energy concentration in time-frequency distribution.

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Wang, Suo-Fu, Min Shi, Quan Liu, and Jian-You Guo. "Probing Resonances and Pseudospin Symmetry of the Eckart Potential by the Complex Scaling Method within the Relativistic Framework." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 74, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2018-0492.

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AbstractThe complex scaling method is applied to probe the resonances of a Dirac particle in the Eckart potential, along with the corresponding energies and widths obtained. Then, the dependence of the resonant energies and widths on the parameters of the potential is checked. The results indicate that the energy and width of the pseudospin doublets preserve a good pseudospin symmetry. Furthermore, the quality of pseudospin symmetry is correlated with the parameters of the Eckart potential.

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Li, Jingwei, Duanyu Teng, and Jinwei Lin. "A Two-stage Strategy to Optimize Energy Consumption for Latency-critical Workload under QoS Constraint." Information Technology And Control 49, no. 4 (December 19, 2020): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.49.4.25029.

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Data centers afford huge energy costs. Saving energy while providing efficient quality of service (Qos) is the goal pursued by data centers. But this is a challenging issue. To ensure the Qos of latency-critical applications, data centers always schedule processors to run at higher frequencies. The continuous high frequency operation will cause great energy waste. Modern processors are equipped with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technology, which allows the processor to run at every frequency levels it supports, so we focus on how to use DVFS to trade-off between energy and Qos. In this paper, we propose a two-stage strategy based on DVFS to dynamically scaling the CPU frequency during latency-critical workload execution, aimed at minimizing the energy consumption for latency-critical workload which is under the Qos constraint. The two-stage strategy includes a static stage and dynamic stage, which are worked together to determine the optimal frequency for running workload. The static stage uses a well designed heuristic algorithm to determine the frequency-load matches under Qos constraint, while the dynamic stage leverages a threshold method to determine whether to adjust the pre-set frequency. We evaluate the two-stage strategy in terms of Qos and energy saving on the cloudsuite benchmark, and compares the two metrics with the-state-of art Ondemand. Results show that our strategy is superior to Ondemand for energy saving, improving more than 13%.

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Hill, Quintin, and Chris-Kriton Skylaris. "Including dispersion interactions in the ONETEP program for linear-scaling density functional theory calculations." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 465, no. 2103 (December 9, 2008): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2008.0398.

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While density functional theory (DFT) allows accurate quantum mechanical simulations from first principles in molecules and solids, commonly used exchange-correlation density functionals provide a very incomplete description of dispersion interactions. One way to include such interactions is to augment the DFT energy expression by damped London energy expressions. Several variants of this have been developed for this task, which we discuss and compare in this paper. We have implemented these schemes in the ONETEP program, which is capable of DFT calculations with computational cost that increases linearly with the number of atoms. We have optimized all the parameters involved in our implementation of the dispersion correction, with the aim of simulating biomolecular systems. Our tests show that in cases where dispersion interactions are important this approach produces binding energies and molecular structures of a quality comparable with high-level wavefunction-based approaches.

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Xiong, Lan, Yi Mei Wu, Zhao Hui Xi, Lin Lin Shi, and Xue Fei Miao. "Anti-Scaling Effect Comparison of High-Frequency Electromagnetic Pulses Stimulation in Different Processing Chambers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1408.

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Processing chamber is important part of high-frequency electromagnetic, water processor, In order to determine what kind of processing chamber has better effect to the anti-scal, the paper simulates electromagnetic energy distribution in two common processing chambers by using the software Ansoft Maxwell, which is based on the finite element method. One processing chamber is set with coaxial electrodes and the other one is wrapped by spirals, both are composed by high-frequency electromagnetic pulses. According to the simulation data, electromagnetic energy of processing chamber with coaxial electrodes is much bigger than that of spiral wrapped process chamber. Meanwhile, a mini–circulating water system is built and water quality experiments are completed. Analysis results from experimental data illustrate that two kinds of processing chambers under high-frequency pulsed field have anti-scaling effects, but the processing chamber with coaxial electrodes is much better.

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Zuber, Novak. "Scaling: From quanta to nuclear reactors." Nuclear Engineering and Design 240, no. 8 (August 2010): 1986–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.01.021.

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White, Richard N. "Scaling of structural response of containments." Nuclear Engineering and Design 125, no. 1 (January 1991): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(91)90007-5.

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Cho, H. K., B. J. Yun, C. H. Song, and G. C. Park. "Experimental validation of the modified linear scaling methodology for scaling ECC bypass phenomena in DVI downcomer." Nuclear Engineering and Design 235, no. 21 (October 2005): 2310–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.04.005.

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Shriver, Forrest, and Justin Watson. "Scaling deep learning for whole-core reactor simulation." Progress in Nuclear Energy 146 (April 2022): 104134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104134.

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Huang, Wei, Zhen Wang, Mianxiong Dong, and Zhuzhong Qian. "A Two-Tier Energy-Aware Resource Management for Virtualized Cloud Computing System." Scientific Programming 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4386362.

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The economic costs caused by electric power take the most significant part in total cost of data center; thus energy conservation is an important issue in cloud computing system. One well-known technique to reduce the energy consumption is the consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs). However, it may lose some performance points on energy saving and the Quality of Service (QoS) for dynamic workloads. Fortunately, Dynamic Frequency and Voltage Scaling (DVFS) is an efficient technique to save energy in dynamic environment. In this paper, combined with the DVFS technology, we propose a cooperative two-tier energy-aware management method including local DVFS control and global VM deployment. The DVFS controller adjusts the frequencies of homogenous processors in each server at run-time based on the practical energy prediction. On the other hand, Global Scheduler assigns VMs onto the designate servers based on the cooperation with the local DVFS controller. The final evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our two-tier method in energy saving.

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Su, Yu, Jannie Yu, Vivek Anand, and Adam Wierman. "Learning-Augmented Energy-Aware Scheduling of Precedence-Constrained Tasks." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 49, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512798.3512801.

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We study the scheduling problem of precedence-constrained tasks to balance between performance and energy consumption. To this point, scheduling to balance performance and energy has been limited to settings without dependencies between jobs. In this extended abstract, we consider a system with multiple servers capable of speed scaling and seek to schedule precedence constrained jobs to minimize a linear combination of performance and energy consumption. Inspired by the single server setting, we propose the concept of pseudo-size for individual tasks, which is a measure of the importance of a task in the precedence graph that is learned from workload data. We then propose a two-stage learningaugmented list scheduling algorithm which uses the learned pseudo-size approximation and achieves a provable approximation bound on the linear combination of performance and energy consumption, where the quality of the bound depends on that of the approximation of task pseudo-sizes, for both makespan and total weighted completion time.

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Simmen, Bruno, Patrick Pasquet, Shelly Masi, Georgius J. A. Koppert, Jonathan C. K. Wells, and Claude Marcel Hladik. "Primate energy input and the evolutionary transition to energy-dense diets in humans." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1856 (June 7, 2017): 20170577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0577.

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Humans and other large-brained hominins have been proposed to increase energy turnover during their evolutionary history. Such increased energy turnover is plausible, given the evolution of energy-rich diets, but requires empirical confirmation. Framing human energetics in a phylogenetic context, our meta-analysis of 17 wild non-human primate species shows that daily metabolizable energy input follows an allometric relationship with body mass where the allometric exponent for mass is 0.75 ± 0.04, close to that reported for daily energy expenditure measured with doubly labelled water in primates. Human populations at subsistence level ( n = 6) largely fall within the variation of primate species in the scaling of energy intake and therefore do not consume significantly more energy than predicted for a non-human primate of equivalent mass. By contrast, humans ingest a conspicuously lower mass of food (−64 ± 6%) compared with primates and maintain their energy intake relatively more constantly across the year. We conclude that our hominin hunter–gatherer ancestors did not increase their energy turnover beyond the allometric relationship characterizing all primate species. The reduction in digestive costs due to consumption of a lower mass of high-quality food, as well as stabilization of energy supply, may have been important evolutionary steps enabling encephalization in the absence of significantly raised energy intakes.

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Rizzo, Roberto Giorgio, and Andrea Calimera. "Implementing Adaptive Voltage Over-Scaling: Algorithmic Noise Tolerance vs. Approximate Error Detection." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 9, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea9020017.

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Adaptive Voltage Over-Scaling can be applied at run-time to reach the best tradeoff between quality of results and energy consumption. This strategy encompasses the concept of timing speculation through some level of approximation. How and on which part of the circuit to implement such approximation is an open issue. This work introduces a quantitative comparison between two complementary strategies: Algorithmic Noise Tolerance and Approximate Error Detection. The first implements a timing speculation by means approximate computing, while the latter exploits a more sophisticated approach that is based on the approximation of the error detection mechanism. The aim of this study was to provide both a qualitative and quantitative analysis on two real-life digital circuits mapped onto a state-of-the-art 28-nm CMOS technology.

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Nikitopoulos, D. E. "Mach Number Scaling of Single-Component, Two-Phase Flow." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910211.

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A simple two-fluid formulation is used to investigate compressibility effects and Mach number scaling for equilibrium, evaporating two-phase flow. The definition of the local two-phase Mach number emerges from a critical flow analysis. Comparisons of the theoretical critical mass flux with existing experimental data obtained in steam-water flows show very good agreement for moderate and high qualities over a wide critical pressure range. Within this quality range the predicted critical mass flux is quite insensitive to the velocity ratio. The analysis confirms previous observations, based on homogeneous flow models, indicating that in variable area ducts the critical state does not occur at a geometrical throat. Results of existing critical flow experiments in slowly diverging ducts are discussed in the light of this conclusion. A way from the neighborhood of the flash horizon, pressure-drop and kinetic energy changes are shown to scale with similar local Mach functions as those of single-phase compressible flow. Existing experimental data from vertical-upwards and horizontal two-phase flows in pipes indicate that the Mach number calculated on the basis of the local homogeneous state provides the optimum scaling performance. Scaling of the same experimental data using a Mach number based on the local nonhomogeneous state provides results that are in reasonably good agreement with the theoretical scaling guidelines and predictions, but is handicapped by considerable scatter in the scaled experimental variables.

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Lombardo, Alfio, Vincenzo Riccobene, and Giovanni Schembra. "Design of a Traffic-Aware Governor for Green Routers." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/683408.

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Today the reduction of energy consumption in telecommunications networks is one of the main goals to be pursued by manufacturers and researchers. In this context, the paper focuses on routers that achieve energy saving by applying the frequency scaling approach. The target is to propose an analytical model to support designers in choosing the main configuration parameters of the Router Governor in order to meet Quality of Service (QoS) requirements while maximizing energy saving gain. More specifically, the model is used to evaluate the input traffic impacts on the choice of the active router clock frequencies and on the overall green router performance. A case study based on the open NetFPGA reference router is considered to show how the proposed model can be easily applied to a real case scenario.

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MA, DA-ZHU, XIN WU, and FU-YAO LIU. "VELOCITY CORRECTIONS TO KEPLER ENERGY AND LAPLACE INTEGRAL." International Journal of Modern Physics C 19, no. 09 (September 2008): 1411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183108012996.

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For each celestial body of multi-planet systems, there are two slowly varying quantities or quasi-integrals, Kepler energy and Laplace integral, which are closely associated with the orbital semimajor axis and eccentricity, respectively. To correct numerical errors of the quantities, we give an extension of Nacozy's approach and develop a new manifold correction method, where corresponding reference values of the quantities at every integration step are obtained from integral invariant relations, and only velocity corrections are used to approximately satisfy the two quasi-integrals. As a result, the scheme does enhance the quality of the integration by significantly raising the accuracy of the two elements. Especially, it is superior to the existing dual scaling method in the improvement of eccentricity in general when the adopted integrator provides a sufficient precision to the eccentricity.

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D’Auria, F., and G. M. Galassi. "Scaling in nuclear reactor system thermal-hydraulics." Nuclear Engineering and Design 240, no. 10 (October 2010): 3267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.06.010.

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Karwat, H. "Scaling and extrapolation of hydrogen distribution experiments." Nuclear Engineering and Design 104, no. 3 (November 1987): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(87)90206-8.

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D'Auria, F., G. M. Galassi, P. Vigni, and A. Calastri. "Scaling of natural circulation in PWR systems." Nuclear Engineering and Design 132, no. 2 (December 1991): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(91)90265-j.

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Dzodzo, Milorad B. "Scaling and connection with computational fluid dynamics." Nuclear Engineering and Design 401 (January 2023): 112086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.112086.

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Botelho, David A., Paulo A. B. De Sampaio, Maria de Lourdes Moreira, and Antonio C. O. Barroso. "Fractional scaling method applied to a pressurizer test facility." Progress in Nuclear Energy 52, no. 3 (April 2010): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2009.08.004.

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Chen, Chao, Weiyu Guo, Zheng Wang, Yongkui Yang, Zhuoyu Wu, and Guannan Li. "An Energy-Efficient Method for Recurrent Neural Network Inference in Edge Cloud Computing." Symmetry 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14122524.

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Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely used to process sequence-related tasks such as natural language processing. Edge cloud computing systems are in an asymmetric structure, where task managers allocate tasks to the asymmetric edge and cloud computing systems based on computation requirements. In such a computing system, cloud servers have no energy limitations, since they have unlimited energy resources. Edge computing systems, however, are resource-constrained, and the energy consumption is thus expensive, which requires an energy-efficient method for RNN job processing. In this paper, we propose a low-overhead, energy-aware runtime manager to process tasks in edge cloud computing. The RNN task latency is defined as the quality of service (QoS) requirement. Based on the QoS requirements, the runtime manager dynamically assigns RNN inference tasks to edge and cloud computing systems and performs energy optimization on edge systems using dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) techniques. Experimental results on a real edge cloud system indicate that in edge systems, our method can reduce the energy up to 45% compared with the state-of-the-art approach.

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Zhou, Pengji, and Wei Zheng. "An Efficient Biobjective Heuristic for Scheduling Workflows on Heterogeneous DVS-Enabled Processors." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/370917.

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Energy consumption has recently become a major concern to multiprocessor computing systems, of which the primary performance goal has traditionally been reducing execution time of applications. In the context of scheduling, there have been increasing research interests on algorithms using dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), which allows processors to operate at lower voltage supply levels at the expense of sacrificing processing speed, to acquire a satisfactory trade-off between quality of schedule and energy consumption. The problem considered in this paper is to find a schedule for a workflow, which is normally a precedence constrained application, on a bounded number of heterogeneous DVS-enabled processors, so as to minimize both makespan (overall execution time of the application) and energy consumption. A fast and efficient heuristic is proposed and evaluated using simulation with two real-world applications as well as randomly generated ones.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy-quality scaling'

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