Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energy policies and strategie'
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1
Goodarzi, Shadi. "Operational Strategies and Optimal Policies for the Diffusion of Environmental Energy Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLH004.
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L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’étudier d’abord les problèmes potentiels qui peuvent entraver ou accélérer la diffusion des systèmes énergétiques environnementaux (par exemple, énergies renouvelables), puis l’impact de la pénétration de ces technologies dans le marché de l’énergie sur les équilibres du marché. À cette fin, nous observons le processus de diffusion à partir de différents points de vue tels que les décideurs, les fabricants, les clients et l’opérateur d’un système de transmission. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse fournit introduction et le contexte de la recherche. Le deuxième chapitre examine le rôle des décideurs et des fabricants technologiques sur la diffusion de ces technologies, alors que le troisième chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’impact des différentes dimensions d’information sur la décision d’adopter une technologie environnementale tout au long du processus de telle adoption. Le chapitre quatre examine l’effet de l’entrée de ces technologies (énergies renouvelables) dans le marché d’électricité sur le prix au comptant d’électricité et sur le déséquilibre offre-demande. Enfin, le chapitre cinq conclut les résultats de cette étude et fournit des orientations pour des recherches futures. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse offrent un aperçu de gestion précieux pour les décideurs, les fabricants de technologie et aux entreprises opérant dans le secteur de l'énergieThe main goal of this dissertation is to study the potential factors that may hamper or accelerate the diffusion of environmental energy systems (e.g: renewable energies). To this end, using different methods such as game theory, survey data analysis, and time series data analysis we observe the diffusion of these technologies from different perspectives such as policy makers, manufacturers, and customers. This dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter provides introduction and background of the research. Second chapter investigates the role of policy makers and technology manufacturers on the diffusion of the environmental energy systems. Chapter three is dedicated to studying the impact of different information dimensions on the different stages of environmental technology adoption process. Chapter four examines effect of the penetration of the environmental energy systems into the electricity market by studying the electricity spot price and electricity supply- demand imbalance. Lastly, chapter five concludes the results of this study and provides directions for future researches. The results reported in this dissertation offer valuable managerial insights to policy makers, technology manufacturers and to firms operating in the energy sector
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Kikonyogo, Joseph Mary. "Similar solutions for similar problems :harmonising energy trade and investment policies and strategies in the East African community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8557_1297769148.
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Sustainable Energy (oil, gas and electricity) plays an important role in advancing productive capacity and increasing economic growth and sustainable development. In order to achieve this, there must be effective trade and investment in energy. Currently, there is relatively low regional and international trade in energy in the East African Community (EAC). Local and foreign direct investment flowing into the EAC is still very low in spite of a number of measures, such as, investment protection guarantees, that have been taken to improve investment. Each of the five countries in the EAC has its own energy policy, as well as a trade and investment policy and strategy. For some the policies are clearly stated
for others they are presumed. However, these policies are not effective. Without effective policies on trade and investment protection and promotion, the EAC will have minimum benefits in terms of terms of trade, investment inflows and sustainable economic development. The EAC is a customs union with an ultimate aim of attaining a political federation. Before this happens, there is need to have effective but also harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies. Adoption of comprehensive harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies shall provide a guideline to the Governments, the trade and investment agencies and other relevant stakeholders to follow in order to attain the ideals, objectives and spirit of the Community. This research, therefore, aims at proposing effective and harmonised trade and investment policies and strategies that Member States should pursue in order to develop the EAC into a viable integrated energy trade and investment zone. The study involves a review of the current policies, strategies, laws, regulations and practices in trade and investment in energy and a discussion of how the situation can be improved. The research raises many suggestions on conservation of energy as well as use of alternative sources ...
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TODESCHI, VALERIA. "Urban-Scale Energy Modeling to Promote Smart Solutions for Sustainable and Resilient Cities." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966333.
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Somevi, Joseph Kwame. "The potential role of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in the development of sustainable energy policies, plans and programmes for Ghana." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247794.
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Yu, Hyun Jin Julie. "Public policies for the development of solar photovoltaic energy and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED011/document.
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Le marché des systèmes photovoltaïques a connu une forte croissance cette dernière décennie soutenue par des actions politiques favorables dans un contexte de transition énergétique. Pourtant, malgré ces conditions bénéfiques, le marché mondial du PV a paradoxalement traversé une période chaotique rencontrant des problèmes de surproduction, une crise industrielle et des différends commerciaux durable entre pays. Cette thèse part de ces problématiques et tente de comprendre les politiques publiques PV et les impacts sur la dynamique des technologies et des marchés. Afin de préciser ces questions, une approche systémique est utilisée pour fournir une compréhension correcte des mécanismes généraux des politiques publiques PV. Une vue d’ensemble systémique concrète de ces mécanismes est construite sur la base d’analyses théoriques et historiques en définissant les variables clés et le contexte. Une analyse rétrospective utilisant des mappings construits pour l’occasion est conduite afin de cerner les limites et défis critiques du secteur PV ainsi que les facteurs de risque. Cette thèse montre également la façon dont la nature du contexte politique change en liaison avec la dynamique du secteur PV. La thèse met en évidence que la dynamique nationale a été brisée par l’entrée de la Chine sur le secteur PV. La thèse propose au final des orientations stratégiques pour le développement du PV selon deux dimensions, nationale et internationale. Au niveau national, la thèse s’intéresse à l’autoconsommation PV en tant que manière naturelle d’utiliser l’énergie PV dans le système électrique. Cette analyse implique un changement de nature des politiques PV dans le futur. Pour terminer, afin de résoudre la crise industrielle actuelle, la thèse présente des possibilités d’actions internationales en collaboration pour créer une nouvelle demande PV dans le contexte international en recherchant des bénéfices économiques et environnementaux au niveau mondialSolar PV systems have experienced strong market growth over the last decade supported by favorable political reactions in the energy transition context. However, despite these favorable conditions, paradoxically, the global PV market recently went through a chaotic time encountering the overproduction issue, the industry crisis and the long-lasting trade disputes. This thesis started from these problematics to understand the PV public policies and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets. In order to define those issues, a systemic approach is taken to provide an accurate comprehension of the overall mechanisms of PV public policies. The concrete systemic vision of PV policy mechanisms is constructed based on theoretical and historical analysis by defining key variables and the context. A retrospective analysis using the proposed mapping tools is conducted to understand critical limits and challenges of PV development and to identify risks factors in the sector. This thesis also demonstrates how the nature of policy context changes in combined with the dynamic feature of the PV sector. Our analysis highlights the nationwide PV policy dynamics was broken with the arrival of China in the PV sector. This thesis eventually proposes strategic orientations of PV development at the two dimensions from both national and international perspectives. At the national level, this thesis discusses on PV self-consumption as the natural way of PV power use in the electricity system. This analysis implies a change in the nature of PV policies in the future. Next, as a response to the current global industry crisis, the thesis proposes opportunities of international collaborative actions to create new PV demand in the international context in pursuit of global economic and environmental benefits
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Park, Sangook. "The Shaping of Niche Formation in Different National Innovation Systems : STI Policies for Strategic Niche Management in the Early Stages of the Hydrogen Energy Transition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507003.
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Jeswani, Harish Kumar. "Corporate strategies on climate change in Pakistan and the UK." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844255/.
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The growing consensus among scientists and governments on the need for immediate action to avoid the dangerous impacts of climate change has resulted in many industries starting to prepare for a carbon-constrained world, in order to analyse the effectiveness of industry response, this research has developed a theoretical framework to categorise corporate strategies on climate change in developing and industrialized countries. The framework classifies the corporate response into four sets of strategies based on their operational and management activities. The empirical data was collected from 180 companies trough a questionnaire survey in Pakistan and the UK. Twenty-four interviews with representatives from industries and other stakeholder groups were also conducted to triangulate and complement the survey results. An analysis of the empirical data indicates that corporate responses towards climate change can be characterized in four categories: indifferent, beginner, emerging and active which validates the theoretical framework. The research found that business responses to this international challenge depend on national policies, economic, social, and technological related factors. However, the strength and content of these factors varies between industrialized and developing countries, where corporate environmentalism is a relatively new phenomenon. For Pakistan, the findings suggest that, in the absence of regulatory and societal pressure, the only effective incentive for organizations is cost-savings tlirough energy efficiency projects. However, their response is shaped by the prevalence of obstacles and a lack of external pressure that prevent a different picture to emerge. The situation is different for the UK. Due to regulatory pressure, UK firms are actively involved in GHG management activities. However, climate policies concerning industries for instance, EU ETS, do not provide sufficient incentives to companies to change from 'business as usual' because of its short-term outlook, uncertainty, complexity and the generous allocation of allowances, hence very low carbon price.
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Wretling, Vincent. "Strengthening the Municipal Energy Planning – Integration into Comprehensive Planning, Performance of Impact Assessment and Inclusion of National Environmental Objectives." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet, utvärdering och styrning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239185.
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The global climate is changing rapidly, which pronounces the need for transforming the energy system. The Swedish municipalities have been identified as key actors in Sweden’s decarbonisation due to their far-reaching responsibilities, which encompass energy planning. The municipalities are required to have a Municipal Energy Plan (MEP) regarding the provision of energy, but have increasingly shown climate awareness. Further, the municipalities are responsible also for the spatial planning, and increased climate efforts will largely be dependent on how this planning is conducted. However, the energy system also affects various other environmental impacts. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) can aid to take these impacts and associated National Environmental Quality Objectives (NEQOs) into account, which is necessary in order to avoid that other negative environmental impacts occur due to a decarbonisation and that synergies between NEQOs instead could be utilised. Thus, this thesis aims to examine current municipal energy planning practice and the integration of energy and climate targets into comprehensive planning (Paper I), as well as to explore the performance of SEA and the consideration of NEQOs in municipal energy planning (Paper II). Further, suggestions for strengthening the practice is developed (Paper I and II).To achieve the aims, a document analysis, statistical analyses, thematic analyses and an interview study has been employed. This thesis shows that the Act on Municipal Energy Planning is not followed and that the municipalities proactively focuses on climate change mitigation instead. Moreover, a link between MEPs and Comprehensive Plans is seen regarding energy and climate-related targets, and a continuous energy planning can thus be one way of achieving a spatial planning in line with the climate objectives. SEA is seldom performed despite legal requirements, due to a deficient screening practice. However, when performed, SEA can increase the consideration of NEQOs, particularly those in which negative environmental impacts of climate efforts can occur. The consideration of NEQOs could thus help enhance synergies between a decarbonisation and other NEQOs, which could mobilise support for the MEP and aid its implementation.QC 20181120
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Tariq, Mohammad. "Federal energy policies causes and impacts." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28859.
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Shrestha, Rita. "Energy planning and policies in nepal." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19131884.
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Imblum, Mark A. "Russia's energy policies and Ukraine's NATO candidacy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Jun%5FImblum.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert E. ; Yost, David S. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-74). Also available in print.
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Atli, Buket. "Politics Of Renewable Energy Policies In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615321/index.pdf.
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Owing to the unfortunate accidents happened in Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan on 11th March 2011, renewable energy has again become one of the mostly referred issues in energy related discussions all around the world. Generally, the states are expected to give incentives to the renewable energy sources in order to help the development and spread of those clean energy technologies against the fossil based energy sources. However, the levels of state subsidy to renewable energy sources in Turkey which was announced in 2010 with an Amendment Law was not possible to understand by following the mentioned way of thinking.
Unlike other studies in the field of renewable energy policies, the thesis problematizes the role of the states in the formation of renewable energy markets and prefers to use the critical theory while trying to understand how the renewable energy policies in Turkey are formed. The state policies are tried to be understood as a result of historical state and society relations rather than looking for linear reason and result relationships. State is seen not a unified actor but rather a battleground of competing projects each of which arise from a certain way of thinking or in other words, rationalities of government. Consequently, the traces of developmentalism, neoliberalism and neomercantilism are followed starting from the formation of the Turkish electricity market in the late 1990s and the preparation of Renewable Energy Law in 2005 until the aftermath of the recent Amendment to the Renewable Energy Law in 2010.
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Baksi, Soham. "Essays on environmental policies, corruption, and energy." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100316.
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This thesis consists of four essays. The first essay looks at pollution taxation under capital mobility, and analyzes the role of pre-commitment by countries to their pollution tax rate. A polluting firm sells its product in two countries, and can locate and produce in a single country or in both countries. Due to the discrete-choice nature of the firm's location problem, the countries' welfare functions are discontinuous in their pollution tax rate. We show that when the countries cannot pre-commit to their pollution tax, the firm can still engender tax competition between them by strategically locating in both the countries. Moreover, pre-commitment pollution taxation may not be welfare improving for the countries, although it always makes the firm better off.The second essay studies the effect of liberalization on corruption. Corruptible inspectors enforce an environmental regulation on firms, and are monitored by an honest regulator. Liberalization not only increases the variety of goods and the marginal utility of accepting a bribe, but also puts pressure on the regulator to curb corruption. The interaction of these two effects can cause corruption to initially increase with liberalization, and then decrease beyond a threshold. Moreover, equilibrium corruption is lower when the regulator is able to pre-commit to her monitoring frequency.
The third essay analyzes optimal labeling (information revelation) procedures for hidden attributes of credence goods. Consumers are heterogeneous in their preference for the hidden attribute, and producers can either self-label their products, or have them certified by a third party. The government can impose self or third-party labeling requirements on either the "green" or the "brown" producers. When corrupt producers can affix spurious labels, the government needs to monitor them. A mandatory self-labeling policy is shown to generally dominate mandatory third-party labeling.
The fourth essay develops formulas for computing the economy-wide energy intensity decline rate by aggregating sectoral energy efficiency improvements, and sectoral shifts in economic activities. The formulas are used to (i) construct plausible scenarios for the global rate of energy intensity decline, and (ii) show the restraining role of the "electricity generation" sector on the energy intensity decline rate.
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Tilley, Luke Alan. "Dynamic Energy Models and Carbon Mitigation Policies." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/201311.
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EconomicsPh.D.
In this dissertation I examine a specific class of energy models and their implications for carbon mitigation policies. The class of models includes a production function capable of reproducing the empirically observed phenomenon of short run rigidity of energy use in response to energy price changes and long run flexibility of energy use in response to energy price changes. I use a theoretical model, parameterized using empirical data, to simulate economic performance under several tax regimes where taxes are levied on capital income, investment, and energy. I also investigate transitions from one tax regime to another. I find that energy taxes intended to reduce energy use can successfully achieve those goals with minimal or even positive impacts on macroeconomic performance. But the transition paths to new steady states are lengthy, making political commitment to such policies very challenging.
Temple University--Theses
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Liptáková, Kristýna. "Změna strategie firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222149.
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The Master’s thesis deals with the strategy analysis of current situation in a nameless company carrying business in power engineering. On the basis of recognized matter encourage proposals which are important for improve of standing in a company.
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Hamad, Samar. "Influence of Energy Benchmarking Policies on the Energy Performance of Existing Buildings." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5196.
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Energy benchmarking and disclosure policies exist in several local and state governments to manage the energy consumption of existing buildings and encourage energy efficient retrofits and upgrades, yet little is known about whether these efforts have improved overall energy efficiency. The purpose of this repeated-measures study was to examine the influence of New York City's (NYC's) Benchmarking Law (LL84) on the energy performance of the city's existing commercial buildings through investigating whether the energy performance of the city's existing commercial buildings significantly improved after the implementation of this policy. The study was based on Ostrom's institutional analysis and development framework. Paired-sample t tests were performed to statistically analyze the annually disclosed energy benchmarking data for 1,072 of NYC's existing commercial buildings that were benchmarked in both 2011 and 2016. Compared to 2011, the study results revealed statistically significant improvements in the energy performance of NYC's commercial buildings by 2016. On average, their site energy use intensity (EUI) significantly reduced by 5%, source EUI significantly decreased by 10%, greenhouse gas emissions significantly dropped by 12%, and ENERGY STAR performance rating significantly improved by 5%. However, these improvements were primarily achieved in 2012, 1 year after the city's energy benchmarking data were publicly disclosed. Additional measures should be considered to maintain continuous energy savings and greenhouse gas mitigation patterns. Positive social change implications include the potential to promote energy-efficient upgrades and inspire the adoption of sustainable building concepts.
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Martínez, Huerta Borja. "Exploiting spatio-temporal correlations for energy management policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/291814.
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Estamos viviendo una nueva era, caracterizada por la omnipresencia de dispositivos inteligentes conectados a la red. En esta era, la emergencia de la llamada Internet of Things (IoT) está transformando profundamente la industria a nivel global, así como la propia vida de los seres humanos. El grado de integración alcanzado, así como su conectividad a través de internet, ha permitido que millones de dispositivos se conecten e interactúen a una escala sin precedentes. Esta diseminación generalizada de dispositivos con potencial de procesado, combinada a su capacidad sensora y comunicativa, está incrementando de forma extraordinaria el volumen de datos capturados.
Como consecuencia de la expansión de la IoT, el número de dispositivos conectados esta aumentando exponencialmente y pronto ha de generar un problema de escalabilidad, problema muy ligado a su dependencia energética. Un buen número de dispositivos quedarán integrados en el entorno, en lugares inaccesibles o cuya conexión por cable suponga un coste elevado, convirtiendo la energía en un recurso muy preciado. De hecho, el cambio de baterías de miles de dispositivos es simplemente inconcebible. El coste de mantenimiento y, en general, de cualquier intervención, puede suponer un severo freno al avance de este nuevo paradigma. Por tanto, uno de los retos para hacer sostenible la masiva expansión de dispositivos sensores inalámbricos es reducir su coste en términos energéticos. Claramente, se requieren nuevos métodos para afrontar este cambio.
Las correlaciones espacio-temporales son esenciales en muchos campos y, por tanto, es bastante razonable suponer que la información de contexto pueda ser también explotada en este paradigma. Partiendo de esta hipótesis, el presenta trabajo ofrece una aproximación sistemática para definir Políticas de Eficiencia Energética para dispositivos sensores inalámbricos, basada en el análisis de las Correlaciones Espacio-Temporales.
Sobre esta idea, esta tesis se estructura en dos partes. En primer lugar se aborda la necesidad de un perfilado energético suficientemente preciso para sensores inalámbricos. Para este fin, se ha formalizado un modelo general de consumo que permite perfilar la gestión de energía en dispositivos integrados. Los resultados obtenidos remarcan la importancia de entender los ciclos de actividad involucrados en las tareas que ejecutan este tipo de dispositivos.
La segunda parte, desarrollada en base a éste modelo, demuestra el potencial que ofrece el análisis de correlaciones espacio-temporales como herramienta para definir políticas eficientes de gestión. Esta hipótesis se ha investigado desde tres perspectivas diferentes: a) captación de la energía del entorno, b) compresión de la información y c) análisis de datos de contexto. El análisis realizado y las políticas definidas desde estas tres perspectivas proporcionan importantes reducciones tanto en términos energéticos como de coste.
Como conclusión, todos los métodos estudiados han demostrado su validez en la definición y validación de políticas energéticas. Las estrategias propuestas pueden ser de gran ayuda para los ingenieros de aplicación, ya que permiten parametrizar las plataformas y explorar sus diseños en las primeras fases de desarrollo. De esta forma se puede reducir el tiempo de acceso al mercado, a la vez que se asegura un balance óptimo entre coste, funcionalidad y tiempo de vida.We are living in a new era, which is characterized by the omnipresence of smart, networked devices. The developing Internet of Things is profoundly transforming both global industry and human lives. Hardware integration, along with the ability to seamlessly communicate over the internet, has allowed millions of embedded objects to connect and interact on an unprecedented scale. The ubiquitous presence of embedded computing devices, combined with their sensing and communicating capabilities, is increasing the amounts of data captured on a massive scale. As a result of the expanding IoT, the number of connected devices is increasing exponentially and will soon generate a problem of scalability, related mostly to their energy dependence. Many devices will be embedded in the environment, in places that are inaccessible or expensive to connect with wires, making them resource-constrained. Most importantly, battery replacements for thousands of devices are inconceivable. Maintenance and intervention costs can limit the advance of this new paradigm. Therefore, one of the challenges in ensuring the massive expansion of wireless sensing devices is reducing their cost in terms of energy. Clearly, novel methods are required for addressing this change. Spatio-temporal correlations are essential in many different fields. Thus, it is quite reasonable to assume that contextual information can be exploited within this emerging paradigm. Under this hypothesis, the present study provides a systematic approach to defining Energy Efficiency Policies for Wireless Sensor Devices, based on the analysis of Spatio-Temporal Correlations. To this end, the present work is structured in two parts. First, we address the necessity of an accurate energy profiling model for wireless sensing devices. We have formalized a generic consumption model to profile the energy utilization of low-power embedded devices. The obtained results stress the importance of understanding the cycles of operation involved in embedded tasks. The second part of this dissertation demonstrates the applicability of spatio-temporal correlation analysis as a tool for defining energy efficiency policies. This hypothesis has been investigated from three different perspectives: a) energy harvesting, b) data compression and c) contextual data analysis. The correct analysis and policy definition from these three perspectives provides important energy and cost reduction opportunities. In conclusion, all the studied methods proved to be effective for defining and validating energy policies. The proposed strategies help designers to parameterize and customize platforms for their application during the design phases, and hence the time-to-market of new products is reduced while an optimal tradeoff is ensured among cost, functionality and life expectancy.
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Subtil, Lacerda Juliana. "Low-carbon innovation: Renewable energy drivers and policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399892.
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El desarrollo de la innovación baja en carbono es necesario para generar energía suficiente y,
al mismo tiempo, reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de manera
suficientemente rápida para evitar un cambio climático extremo. Esto hace con que sea
fundamental el entendimiento de los factores capaces de acelerar el desarrollo y la difusión de
la innovación baja en carbono. La innovación baja en carbono en el sector energético involucra
diversos desafíos en función de la especificidad de sus características y dinámica, razón por la
hay renovado interés en su investigación. Esta tesis doctoral reúne una serie de cinco artículos
científicos que buscan explorar tópicos emergentes en torno a particular dinámica de la
innovación baja en carbono, a saber: la formación de mercados líder, la diversidad tecnológica,
la trayectoria tecnológica, estrategias de obtención de conocimiento, e impacto en la reducción
de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
El primer artículo presenta una extensión del marco de referencia para análisis de
mercados líder donde son adicionalmente considerados los factores referentes a la cadena de
suministro y a políticas tecnológicas. Con base en la comparación del desarrollo de mercados
líder en la industria eólica de Alemania, China, y Estados Unidos, este estudio demuestra el
papel de los contextos de negocios y de las políticas de suporte a la innovación baja en carbono
específicos de cada país. El segundo artículo explora el papel de la diversidad en el desarrollo
de la innovación baja en carbono. Con base en el caso de la industria de energía fotovoltaica,
nueve indicadores de diversidad tecnológica son aplicados para mapear la tendencia en la
industria y su impacto en el desarrollo de nuevas innovaciones. El tercero artículo investiga la
relación entre la evolución del conocimiento científico y la innovación baja en carbono en
turbinas eólicas. Basándose en una nueva modelo para el análisis de citaciones, este artículo
presenta nueva evidencia empírica de la relación entre desarrollo de conocimiento científico y
la innovación baja en carbono. El cuarto artículo discute los resultados de una encuesta original
realizada con organizaciones de investigación para analizar el impacto de diferentes estrategias
de obtención de conocimiento en la innovación baja en carbono. Con base en la comparación
de la investigación en energía solar y eólica, este estudio demuestra la importancia de políticas
direccionadas a tecnologías específicas. Finalmente, el quinto artículo explora de que forma la
rápida difusión de innovaciones bajas en carbono puede afectar su efecto en términos de
reducciones de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Analizando el caso de la energía
eólica, este estudio demuestra el desequilibrio entre capacidad instalada y efectiva producción
de energía eólica en cuatro países líderes en capacidad de generación eólica, a saber: Alemania,
China, España y Estados Unidos.
En resumen, esta tesis combina diferentes perspectivas de economía evolucionaria,
ambiental y ecológica con estudios de innovación y clima para investigar las particular
dinámica de innovación baja en carbono. Al estudiar los casos de las energías solar y eólica,
esta tesis ofrece datos empíricos originales e ilustra nuevas posibilidades de suporte a la
innovación baja en carbono.Low-carbon innovation is required to match energy supply with GHG emissions reductions at a quick enough pace to avoid dangerous climate change. This calls for a deeper understanding of low-carbon innovation to explore factors capable of speeding up its development and diffusion. Low-carbon innovation in the energy sector involves a number of challenges due to its particular characteristics and dynamics which have renewed the interest in exploring its drivers. This doctoral dissertation combines a series of five research papers which address emerging issues regarding the particular dynamics of low-carbon innovation, namely: lead markets formation, technological diversity, technological trajectory, knowledge sourcing strategies and impact on GHG emissions reduction. In the first research paper, an extension of the lead market framework is developed to include supply side factors and technology policy issues. By comparing the development of lead markets in the wind power industry in China, Germany and the USA, this study shows the role of countries’ specific business contexts and policy responses on low-carbon innovation. The second study is dedicated to explore the role of diversity in low-carbon innovations. By looking at the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry, nine indicators of technological diversity are applied to map diversity trends in the industry and its impact on further innovation. Subsequently, the third research paper links scientific knowledge evolution and low-carbon innovation in wind turbines. Based on a novel approach to citation analysis, this study offers original evidence on this relationship. The fourth article is based on an original survey among research organisations to analyse the impact of distinct strategies of external knowledge sourcing on low-carbon innovation. By comparing research on solar and wind power, this study depicts the importance of technology-specific policies. The fifth and final study explores how fast deployment of low-carbon innovation can affect its potential of GHG emissions reduction. Considering the case of wind power, it addresses the mismatch between installed capacity and actual wind power output in four of the leading countries in terms of generation capacity, namely: China, the United States, Germany and Spain. In summary, this dissertation combines different perspectives from evolutionary, environmental and ecological economics with innovation and climate studies to explore the particular dynamics of low-carbon innovation. By looking at the cases of solar and wind power, this dissertation builds up original evidence and sheds new light into the possibilities of fostering innovation in low-carbon technologies.
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Piovesan, Nicola. "Network resource allocation policies with energy transfer capabilities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669313.
Full textAbstract:
During the last decades, mobile network operators have witnessed an exponential increase in the traffic demand, mainly due to the high request of services from a huge amount of users. The trend is of a further increase in both the traffic demand and the number of connected devices over the next years. The traffic load is expected to have an annual growth rate of 53% for the mobile network alone, and the upcoming industrial era, which will connect different types of devices to the mobile infrastructure including human and machine type communications, will definitely exacerbate such an increasing trend.
The current directions anticipate that future mobile networks will be composed of ultra dense deployments of heterogeneous Base Stations (BSs), where BSs using different transmission powers coexist. Accordingly, the traditional Macro BSs layer will be complemented or replaced with multiple overlapping tiers of small BSs (SBSs), which will allow extending the system capacity. However, the massive use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the dense deployment of network elements is going to increase the level of energy consumed by the telecommunication infrastructure and its carbon footprint on the environment.
Current estimations indicates that 10% of the worldwide electricity generation is due to the ICT industry and this value is forecasted to reach 51% by 2030, which imply that 23% of the carbon footprint by human activity will be due to ICT. Environmental sustainability is thus a key requirement for designing next generation mobile networks.
Recently, the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) for supplying network elements has attracted the attention of the research community, where the interest is driven by the increased efficiency and the reduced costs of energy harvesters and storage devices, specially when installed to supply SBSs. Such a solution has been demonstrated to be environmentally and economically sustainable in both rural and urban areas. However, RESs will entail a higher management complexity. In fact, environmental energy is inherently erratic and intermittent, which may cause a
fluctuating energy inflow and produce service outage. A proper control of how the energy is drained and balanced across network elements is therefore necessary for a self-sustainable network design.
In this dissertation, we focus on energy harvested through solar panels that is deemed the most appropriate due to the good efficiency of commercial photovoltaic panels as well as the wide availability of the solar source for typical installations. The characteristics of this energy source are analyzed in the first technical part of the dissertation, by considering an approach based on the extraction of features from collected data of solar energy radiation.
In the second technical part of the thesis we introduce our proposed scenario. A federation of BSs together with the distributed harvesters and storage devices at the SBS sites form a micro-grid, whose operations are managed by an energy management system in charge of controlling the intermittent and erratic energy budget from the RESs. We consider load control (i.e., enabling sleep mode in the SBSs) as a method to properly manage energy inflow and spending, based on the traffic demand. Moreover, in the third technical part, we introduce the possibility of improving the network energy efficiency by sharing the exceeding energy that may be available at some BS sites within the micro-grid.
Finally, a centralized controller based on supervised and reinforcement learning is proposed in the last technical part of the dissertation. The controller is in charge of opportunistically operating the network to achieve efficient utilization of the harvested energy and prevent SBSs blackout.Durante las últimas décadas, los operadores de redes móviles han sido testigos de un aumento exponencial en la demanda de tráfico, principalmente debido a la gran solicitud de servicios de una gran cantidad de usuarios. La tendencia es un aumento adicional tanto en la demanda de tráfico como en la cantidad de dispositivos conectados en los próximos años. Se espera que la carga de tráfico tenga una tasa de crecimiento anual del 53% solo para la red móvil, y la próxima era industrial, que conectará diferentes tipos de dispositivos a la infraestructura móvil, definitivamente exacerbará tal aumento. Las instrucciones actuales anticipan que las redes móviles futuras estarán compuestas por despliegues ultra densos de estaciones base (BS) heterogéneas. En consecuencia, la capa tradicional de Macro BS se complementará o reemplazará con múltiples niveles superpuestos de pequeños BS (SBS), lo que permitirá ampliar la capacidad del sistema. Sin embargo, el uso masivo de la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y el despliegue denso de los elementos de la red aumentará el nivel de energía consumida por la infraestructura de telecomunicaciones y su huella de carbono en el medio ambiente. Las estimaciones actuales indican que el 10% de la generación mundial de electricidad se debe a la industria de las TIC y se prevé que este valor alcance el 51% para 2030, lo que implica que el 23% de la huella de carbono por actividad humana se deberá a las TIC. La sostenibilidad ambiental es, por lo tanto, un requisito clave para diseñar redes móviles de próxima generación. Recientemente, el uso de fuentes de energía renovables (RES) para suministrar elementos de red ha atraído la atención de la comunidad investigadora, donde el interés se ve impulsado por el aumento de la eficiencia y la reducción de los costos de los recolectores y dispositivos de almacenamiento de energía, especialmente cuando se instalan para suministrar SBS. Se ha demostrado que dicha solución es ambiental y económicamente sostenible tanto en áreas rurales como urbanas. Sin embargo, las RES conllevarán una mayor complejidad de gestión. De hecho, la energía ambiental es inherentemente errática e intermitente, lo que puede causar una entrada de energía fluctuante y producir una interrupción del servicio. Por lo tanto, es necesario un control adecuado de cómo se drena y equilibra la energía entre los elementos de la red para un diseño de red autosostenible. En esta disertación, nos enfocamos en la energía cosechada a través de paneles solares que se considera la más apropiada debido a la buena eficiencia de los paneles fotovoltaicos comerciales, así como a la amplia disponibilidad de la fuente solar para instalaciones típicas. Las características de esta fuente de energía se analizan en la primera parte técnica de la disertación, al considerar un enfoque basado en la extracción de características de los datos recopilados de radiación de energía solar. En la segunda parte técnica de la tesis presentamos nuestro escenario propuesto. Una federación de BS junto con los cosechadores distribuidos y los dispositivos de almacenamiento forman una microrred, cuyas operaciones son administradas por un sistema de administración de energía a cargo de controlar el presupuesto de energía intermitente y errático de las RES. Consideramos el control de carga como un método para administrar adecuadamente la entrada y el gasto de energía, en función de la demanda de tráfico. Además, en la tercera parte técnica, presentamos la posibilidad de mejorar la eficiencia energética de la red al compartir la energía excedente que puede estar disponible en algunos sitios dentro de la microrred. Finalmente, se propone un controlador centralizado basado en aprendizaje supervisado y de refuerzo en la última parte técnica de la disertación. El controlador está a cargo de operar la red para lograr una utilización eficiente de energía y previene el apagón de SBS
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Dressler, Luisa. "Essays on the Economics of Sustainable Energy Policies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256971.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation seeks to contribute to the policy discussion on how to design efficient and sustainable energy policies. In three self-contained chapters, it applies microeconomic theory and empirical analysis to identify three market failures in European energy markets and to evaluate specific policy measures that strive to overcome these failures in order to increase market efficiency and to enhance environmental or societal sustainability. Chapter 1 and 2 study European electricity markets, which play an important role in the transition towards a carbon-neutral energy future. Overcoming barriers to efficient electricity markets is a crucial step to keep the costs of this transition as low as possible to society. Both chapters focus on obstacles to electricity market efficiency that have recently been highlighted by the European Commission. On the supply side, subsidies for renewable electricity may distort production incentives and competition in wholesale electricity markets. Chapter 1 applies a theoretical model to study the effect of different subsidies on producer strategies and competition in wholesale electricity markets. On the demand side, the European Commission seeks to overcome the reluctance of residential electricity consumers to switch electricity supplier in order to ensure effective competition in the retail electricity market. Chapter 2 empirically quantifies different reasons for switching inertia using a structural discrete choice model and performs counterfactual analysis to study the effect of different policy measures that seek to overcome switching inertia. Chapter 3 looks at the building sector, which accounts for 40% of final energy consumption in Europe and is a major emitter of carbon emissions. In the residential housing market information asymmetries hamper incentives to invest in energy efficiency improvements of rental property. This chapter empirically analyzes the effect of a European policy that mandates the use of energy performance certificates aiming at establishing an efficient market for energy efficient dwellings.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Prescott, Ryan. "The effects of green energy policies on innovation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15004.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last twenty years, climate change and energy stability have increasingly
played a role in government policy. Innovation is a key ingredient to increased growth while achieving climatic goals. The policy paths taken by different countries have been extremely diverse. What effects do these policies have on innovation and what policies are best at encouraging the market? This thesis uses a theoretical model to examine the effect that different policies have on innovation and to empirically test a series of hypotheses obtained from the model. Both the theoretical and empirical results support the hypothesis of a “home bias”, whereby innovation in domestic markets is impacted more than innovation in world markets when a domestic policy is initiated. A second result is that mandatory renewable energy minimum levels for power companies have relatively strong impacts on installed wind capacity. In general, a country’s wind capacity is determined by both economic and non-economic considerations.
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Alansari, Marwah. "Automated management cloud-platforms based on energy policies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6706/.
Full textAbstract:
Delivering environmentally friendly services has become an important issue in Cloud Computing due to awareness provided by governments and environmental conservation organisations about the impact of electricity usage on carbon footprints. Cloud providers and cloud consumers (organisations/ enterprises) have their own defined \(green\) \(policies\) to control energy consumption at their data centers. At service management level, \(green\) \(policies\) can be mapped as \(energy\) \(management\) \(policies\) or \(management\) \(policies\). Focusing at cloud consumer's side, \(management\) \(policies\) are described by business managers which can change regularly. The continuous changing is based on the nature of the technical environment, changes in regulation; and business requirements. Therefore, there is a gap between the level of describing and implementing \(management\) \(policies\) in the cloud environment. This thesis provides a method to bridge that gap by (a) defining a specification for formulating \(management\) \(policies\) into executable form for an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) cloud model; (b) designing a framework to execute the described \(management\) \(policies\) automatically; (c) proposing a modelling and analysis method to identify the potential \(energy\) \(management\) \(policy\) that would save energy-cost. Each aspect covered in the thesis is evaluated with a help of an Energy Management Case Study for a private cloud scenario.
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DELIGIANNIDIS, MARIOS. "Environmental Policies and Innovation in Renewable Energy Technologies." Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199208.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the effects of different environmental policies on renewable energy technology innovation. Previous empirical and theoretical studies done on the field of environmental and innovation economics agree that the presence of environmental regulations positively affect innovation. This paper uses patent applications to the EPO in order to measure the effectiveness of the different policy measures to induce innovation in renewable energy technologies. Patent data from 20 European countries was used for the period 1977-2013. The empirical model was estimated using the Poisson fixed-effects model. The results indicate that tax measures are necessary for renewable energy innovation but is unlikely that taxes alone are sufficient to induce innovation without other policy support to tackle the market inefficiencies. The price of electricity and the growth of the electricity consumption were also found to be significant determinants of innovation to renewable energy technologies, suggesting that the conditions of the energy market play an important role in energy innovation.
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Forshaw, Matthew James. "Operating policies for energy efficient large scale computing." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2782.
Full textAbstract:
Energy costs now dominate IT infrastructure total cost of ownership, with datacentre operators predicted to spend more on energy than hardware infrastructure in the next five years. With Western European datacentre power consumption estimated at 56 TWh/year in 2007 and projected to double by 2020, improvements in energy efficiency of IT operations is imperative. The issue is further compounded by social and political factors and strict environmental legislation governing organisations. One such example of large IT systems includes high-throughput cycle stealing distributed systems such as HTCondor and BOINC, which allow organisations to leverage spare capacity on existing infrastructure to undertake valuable computation. As a consequence of increased scrutiny of the energy impact of these systems, aggressive power management policies are often employed to reduce the energy impact of institutional clusters, but in doing so these policies severely restrict the computational resources available for high-throughput systems. These policies are often configured to quickly transition servers and end-user cluster machines into low power states after only short idle periods, further compounding the issue of reliability. In this thesis, we evaluate operating policies for energy efficiency in large-scale computing environments by means of trace-driven discrete event simulation, leveraging real-world workload traces collected within Newcastle University. The major contributions of this thesis are as follows: i) Evaluation of novel energy efficient management policies for a decentralised peer-to-peer (P2P) BitTorrent environment. ii) Introduce a novel simulation environment for the evaluation of energy efficiency of large scale high-throughput computing systems, and propose a generalisable model of energy consumption in high-throughput computing systems. iii iii) Proposal and evaluation of resource allocation strategies for energy consumption in high-throughput computing systems for a real workload. iv) Proposal and evaluation for a realworkload ofmechanisms to reduce wasted task execution within high-throughput computing systems to reduce energy consumption. v) Evaluation of the impact of fault tolerance mechanisms on energy consumption.
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Brue, Perez Albert. "Essays on the economics of energy efficiency policies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3695/.
Full textAbstract:
This work presented in this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of how agents respond to policy incentives to encourage energy efficiency improvements. First of all, the way agents respond to policy incentives crucially depends on heterogeneity in characteristics determining their responsiveness to taxes and subsidies. Second, agents’ heterogeneous responses to policy can undermine the cost-effectiveness of subsidies. Third, under conditions where the policy targeting is poor or agents are not very responsive to the traditional market-based instruments other policy instruments based on information provision or nudges may be more effective. I propose a theoretical model on optimal tax and subsidy combinations to correct externalities from energy consumption and underinvestment in energy efficient technologies. I show that when agents misperceive their true energy efficiency, the targeting efficiency of policies based on subsidies is poor and consumers selection into adoption is adverse. Adverse selection arises because those more likely to adopt consume less energy and overvalue the benefit from adoption. In the second chapter, I present a discussion on energy policies in the United Kingdom and analyse the energy consumption and energy efficiency measures adoption patterns using data for households in England and Wales. This sets the stage for Chapter 3, where I present an empirical study to test whether selection into adoption is adverse or not. I find that early technology adopters consume more energy before adoption and experience higher energy consumption drops upon adoption. Thus, supporting the idea that consumers’ heterogeneity plays a major role to explain the observed adoption patterns. The results suggest that adoption decisions are driven by heterogeneity in preferences rather than heterogeneity in beliefs. Hence, overall selection is not adverse and this suggests the role of misperceptions is dominated by the effect of preferences heterogeneity. This does not preclude, however, that biased beliefs may have a role at determining the adoption patterns and responses to policy interventions.
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Choi, Dong Gu. "Energy models for electricity sector with green policies and technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45883.
Full textAbstract:
A variety of energy models and tools have been used for an comprehensive analysis of the complex energy systems and the design of pathway to sustainable energy world. This thesis analyzes three interesting problems in the electricity sector by developing and using suitable energy models.
Chapter 2 investigates how to incorporate demand responsiveness for policy analysis in the electricity sector using a least-cost model. This study develops its own least-cost model which includes some characteristics for two important policies in the electricity sector, and suggests an iterative approach for incorporating the demand response to price change under new policy. Based on a case study, the state of Georgia, this chapter shows the effects of including demand response on the evaluation of policy. Chapter 3 is about new technology adoption pathways in the electric power system. In this chapter, by investigating the related status of policies and specifications of electric vehicles and wind power technologies in the U.S., several adoption pathways of the technologies in the U.S. eastern interconnection have been developed. This study develops four-serial models for the estimation of future economic and environmental impacts of the technologies' penetration. The results show that the total greenhouse gas emissions of the entire energy system do not substantially decrease even with a high level of electric vehicle adoption. The combination of two technologies, even more with appropriate policies, can notably decrease the total greenhouse gas emissions. Chapter 4 is a study about demand response programs, particularly optional time-based rates, for residential customers. This chapter analyzes the main reason that the participation of the current programs is low even though the programs have benefits. This study investigates two policy tools, a subsidy for flexible residential demand and a shared-savings mechanism based on consumption pattern changes, and examines the implementation of the tools and their potential to overcome the current inefficient operation.
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Kilinc, Ata Nurcan. "An exploration of renewable energy policies with an econometric approach." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22196.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the renewable energy policies for the case study countries (European Union, United States, United Kingdom, Turkey, and Nigeria) with using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The thesis adopts a three -pronged approach to address three main issues: The first paper investigates a 1990-2008 panel dataset to conduct an econometric analysis of policy instruments, such as; feed-in tariffs, quotas, tenders, and tax incentives, in promoting renewable energy deployment in 27 EU countries and 50 US states. The results suggest that renewable energy policy instruments play a significant role in encouraging renewable energy sources. Using data from 1990 to 2012 with the vector auto regression (VAR) approach for three case study countries, namely United Kingdom, Turkey, and Nigeria, the second paper focuses on how renewable energy consumption as part of total electricity consumption is affected by economic growth and electricity prices. The findings from the VAR model illustrate that the relationship between case study countries’ economic growth and renewable energy consumption is positive and economic growth in case study countries respond positively and significantly. The third paper focuses on the relationship between renewable energy policies and investment in renewables in the countries of United Kingdom and Turkey. The third paper builds upon current knowledge of renewable energy investment and develops a new conceptual framework to guide analyses of policies to support renewables. Past and current trends in the field of renewable energy investment are investigated by reviewing the literature on renewable energy investment linkage with policies, which identifies patterns and similarities in RE investment. This also includes the interview analysis with investors focusing on policies for renewable energy investment. The results from the interview and conceptual analysis show that renewable policies play a crucial role in determining investment in renewable energy sources. The findings from this thesis demonstrate that renewable energy policies increase with a growth of the renewable energy investment in the sector. Finally, the outcomes of this thesis also contribute to the energy economics literature, especially for academic and subsequent research purposes.
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Konečný, David. "Návrh komunikační strategie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442878.
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This diploma thesis deals with the elaboration of proposals or improvements in marketing communication of the Dukovany nuclear power plant. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part includes necessary theoretical resources for building a communication strategy. The second part comprises of various analyses, which are necessary to obtain information for the concluding part of the thesis. The proposal of the communication strategy itself is based on conclusions of the analyses focused on communication of the operator of the Dukovany NPP and on the selected communication tools currently used by this power plant. It is also based on the data acquired from the quantitative survey conducted with the purpose of finding out the actual public perception of the Dukovany NPP amongst young people and their attitude towards nuclear energy in general.
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Hall, Henning, and Christian Luckey. "3G Transmission Energy Savings through Adaptive Traffic Shaping Policies." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110853.
Full textAbstract:
This bachelor thesis will explore how two traffic shaping mechanisms can help preserve battery power while retaining a certain Quality of Service (QoS) in an Android based application developed for crisis management. The implemented user-space mechanisms will delay all elastic data requests in order to reduce the number of times the 3G transmission radio enters high power states. This lowers the QoS but extends the user equipment's battery life. The thesis will show that a shaping mechanism has the capability to reduce radio energy usage by up to 50% for the given Android application at the cost of added transmission delays by up to 134 seconds for background traffic. The study also presents two policies that help the application adapt to the current battery level and lower the QoS accordingly, namely one that has a lenient savings effect and one that has an aggressive savings effect.
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Risch, Anna. "Environment and energy : analysis and evaluation of public policies." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENA027/document.
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Le changement climatique est devenu une préoccupation majeure. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter quelques éclairages sur les questions environnementales actuelles. Premièrement, nous nous interrogeons sur l’efficacité des politiques environnementales. Deuxièmement, nous nous intéressons à la manière dont le bien être des ménages peut être affecté par les dégradations environnementales.La France s’est engagée à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et la consommation d’énergie dans le secteur résidentiel. Nous étudions dans un premier chapitre les déterminants de la consommation d’énergie résidentielle, afin d’identifier les politiques les plus efficaces pour améliorer l’efficacité énergétique dans ce secteur. Nous montrons que l’enjeu est d’inciter les ménages àentreprendre des travaux de rénovation. C’est l’objectif de politiques telles que le crédit d’impôt développement durable ou les subventions. Dans un second chapitre, nous évaluons l’impact de ces mesures à l’aide d’un modèle de simulation. Les résultats montrent que si les politiques actuelles sont efficaces, elles ne sont pas suffisantes pour atteindre les objectifs fixés. Enfin, nous nous concentrons dans un troisième chapitre sur l’impact du crédit d’impôt sur le comportement des ménages. Cette mesure incite peu les ménages à réaliser des rénovations, et ceci s’explique en partie par un effet d’aubaine. Les pays émergents sont les plus exposés aux catastrophes climatiques. Nous cherchons à voir dans un quatrième chapitre comment les dégradations environnementales affectent les ménages. La déforestation augmente la rareté des ressources naturelles telles que le bois. Cela accroît la probabilité que les femmes soient impliquées dans la collecte des ressources naturelles et par ce biais, diminue leur participation au marché du travailIn the context of growing concerns for climate change, the objective of this dissertation is to bring some insights on two environmental issues. The first one deals with the question of whether environmental policies are efficient enough to significantly decrease greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption and the second one concerns the way households’ well-being is affected by environmental changes. France committed to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and energy consumption in residential sector. In a first time, we study the determinants of residential energyconsumption in France. An in-depth understanding of energy consumption is needed to design adequate energy policies and achieve a low-carbon society. We show that to improve buildings' energy efficiency, the challenge is to induce households to undertake renovations and to adopt energy-saving equipments. This is the objective of public policies, such as tax credit or subsidies. We evaluate in a second time the impact of these measures, using a simulation model. The results show that while current policies are effective, they are not sufficient to reach the objectives. Finally, we focus on the impact of the tax credit on households’ behavior. The impact of the measure on renovation rate is very low compared to its cost and this is partially due to free riding. Emerging countries are more exposed to climate disasters than developed ones. Therefore, the most important concern in emerging countries is to find a way to limit the consequences of climate change. In this context, our objective is to understand how deforestation, that increases fuel scarcity, affects population. We focus on women, living in rural India. We show that fuel scarcity increases the probability for women to be involved in natural resource collection. Through this, it has a negative effect on the labor force participation, especially on family business and wage activities
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Msimanga, Bongani. "Exploring the impacts of renewable energy and energy efficiency policies on the mining sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96668.
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Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Worldwide, energy has been, and continues to be, key to economic development. However, the current global consensus is that energy-related carbon dioxide emissions would, at current rates, put the world onto a potentially catastrophic trajectory which could lead to global warming of 5 degree Celsius or more compared to pre-industrial times. There is a critical need for a low-carbon development or a move away from conventional fossil fuels energy sources. This study explores impacts of policies that South Africa developed in order to champion sustainable energy strategies based on energy efficiency and non-conventional energy sources, including renewable energy. The mining sector, because of its energy-intensive nature, was chosen. In order to achieve this objective three approaches were carried out: (i) a critical review of literature on energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) ; (ii) two case-studies that demonstrate the impacts of the policies; and (iii) action research on a sample of mines using survey questionnaire and interviewing. The research results show that the need to have security in energy and the need to be competitive and grow revenue are significant in deciding to carry out EE and RE initiatives in the mining sector. The results also show that safety followed by production are the priorities and are accompanied by a range of other demands, such as cost reduction and legislative requirements. It is, therefore, within this context that EE and RE initiative will always be carried out in the mining sector. The research concludes that, under the current market framework, South African EE and RE policies are not as effective as hoped they would be. The research, therefore, recommends that a percentage of the mines’ revenue could be dedicated to EE and RE initiatives. In addition, South Africa needs to come up with a new type of productive endeavour that would lead to less extractive industries, including mines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Energie is, was en sal wereldwyd altyd die sleutel wees tot ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Nieteenstaande, word dit wereldwyd aanvaar dat die huidige energie opwekking se koolstofdioksied vrystelling moontlik kan lei tot aardverwarming van 5 grade Celsius of meer wanneer vergelyk met word met pre-industriële tye. Daar is ‘n kritiese behoefte aan lae koolstofdioksied vrystelling ontwikkelings of ‘n beperking van konvensionele fossielbrandstof energiebronne. Hierdie studie analiseer die impak van die Suid Afrikaanse beleid wat ontwikkel is om volhoubare energie te bevorder wat effektief en onkonvensioneel is, insluitend hernubare energie. Die mynsektor, as ‘n groot verbruiker van energie, vorm die kern van die studie. Die studie is voltooi in drie fases naamlik: (1) kritiese oorsig van die literatuur oor energiedoeltreffendheid (EE) en hernubare energie (RE); (2) twee gevallestudies wat die impak van die beleid bevestig; en (3) praktiese navorsing deur middel van vraelyste en persoonlike onderhoude met seker myne. Die navorsing bevestig dat die behoefte aan bestendige energie teen kompeterende pryse wat die mynsektor in staat stel om inkomste te groei ,‘n beduidende invloed het op die besluit om EE of RE inisiatiewe te onderneem. Die resultate bevestig verder dat beroepsveiligheid en produksie uitsette die eerste prioriteite vir die myne is. Dit word verder beinvloed deur kostebesparings en wetlike vereistes. Enige EE en RE inisiatiewe wat onderneem word sal in hierdie konteks plaasvind. Die navorsing kom tot die slotsom dat, onder huidige marktoestande, Suid Afrika se EE en RE beleid nie so effektief is as waarop daar gehoop is nie. Die navorsing beveel derhalwe aan dat ‘n persentasie van myne se inkomste geoormerk moet word vir EE en RE inisiatiewe. Verder meer , Suid Afrika moet strewe na tipes produksie wat minder natuurlike grondstowwe onttrek, insluitend die myne.
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Besperát, Tomáš. "Marketingová strategie značky BIG SHOCK!" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149847.
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Diploma thesis analyses current marketing strategy of Big Shock! brand, active on the energetic products market. It includes competition monitoring, consumer behaviour study and the latest trends on the energy drinks market in the Czech Republic. Part of the thesis is based on my own quantitative on-line research among energy drinks consumers. The conclusion contains current strategy analysis and some recommendations ensuing either of the market development and research made.
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Cook, Jonathan A. "Transitioning to a clean energy future| Essays on policies for renewables, transportation, and energy efficiency." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614186.
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The emergence of climate change as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century has placed the task of reducing GHG emissions at the forefront of city, state and national government agendas around the world. Strategies for transitioning to a clean energy future almost universally involve increasing the share of electricity generated from renewable sources, reducing emissions from the transportation sector and improving energy efficiency. This dissertation contains three essays that address policy questions within each of these areas (renewables, efficiency and transportation), focusing both on past experiences thus far as well as considerations for future policies. The first chapter examines the Danish wind power industry and the role of government policies in shaping the decisions of wind turbine owners. A structural dynamic model is constructed in which owners decide whether and when to add new turbines to a pre-existing stock, scrap an existing turbine, or replace old turbines with newer versions during a period of rapid technological improvement and several changes to government wind energy policies. Results from the model indicate that the growth and development of the Danish wind industry was primarily driven by government policies as opposed to technological improvements. The second chapter explores the spatial and distributional impacts of climate policies in the transportation sector. California VMT and fuel consumption distributions are not symmetric and can vary significantly within transit planning regions. Results show that analyzing a policy using mean VMT or fuel consumption and assuming a symmetric distribution would generally lead to errors of 20-40% when considering the costs of a climate policy for a “typical” household. The final chapter addresses the role of publicly-funded energy efficiency programs in electricity markets. In the absence of energy efficiency programs, individual households and businesses may underinvest in energy efficiency because of inefficient retail pricing, pollution and learning externalities, imperfect information and the prevalence of principal-agent problems. California's cap-and-trade program and likely transition to dynamic pricing will correct some of these market failures, but information problems and distributional concerns will remain and warrant programs that encourage additional investments in efficiency.
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Okazaki, Yuta. "Effects of state policies on renewable energy capacity and generation." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/3959.
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Idris, Jasmin. "A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Energy Policies in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499404.
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Chen, Shie. "Appliance simulation models for the evaluation of energy management policies." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26710.
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A home energy management system is a system in a house that assists consumers in monitoring and optimizing electricity usage in order to lower electricity costs while maintaining consumers’ comfort. One approach to achieve this is by using energy management policies to schedule appliance activities at the appropriate time. A policy is a set of rules defining the events and the corresponding actions to reach goals. Simulations are needed to validate the policies. The SMASH (SiMulated Adaptable Smart Home) simulation platform has been developed at the Department of Telematics at NTNU. It is a model of the real adaptable smart home. It consists of entity energy models for various physical appliances. There are different types of simulation results such as cumulative energy consumption, cumulative electricity costs, and peak power. The feasibility and effectiveness of the policies can be validated. The platform developed so far only contains two energy entity models. Additional models and policies are needed to simulate the use of many policies targeting different appliances simultaneously.This project aims at developing at least two entity energy models and policies making use of the models. The models must include detailed energy consumption estimation during all the defined operations of the appliances. The tasks within this project includes 1) study how the platform works, 2) design entity energy models compatible with the platform, 3) create policies that use the designed models, 4) create case studies that combine the models and the policies, 5) implement the case studies and collect results, 6) analyze the results and evaluate the policies.
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Pitcher, Keith Francis. "Development of biomass renewable energy policies, schemes, systems and procedures." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364895.
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Matthäus, David [Verfasser]. "Renewable Energy Policies in Times of Climate Change / David Matthäus." Berlin : epubli, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2020061223212601335826.
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Yan, Huijie. "Challenges of China’s sustainability : integrating energy, environment and health policies." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1092.
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Dans le but de faire face aux défis interdépendants en termes d’épuisement des ressources énergétiques, de dégradation environnementale et des préoccupations de santé publique dans le contexte chinois en réponse au développement durable, nous nous concentrons sur l'étude des politiques en matière d’énergie, d’environnement et de santé en Chine. Dans le chapitre 1, nous donnons un aperçu des politiques chinoises en matière d’énergie, d’environnement et de santé au cours des 20 dernières années afin de connaître les orientations politiques futures auxquelles le gouvernement n'a pas donné une attention suffisante. Dans les trois chapitres suivants, nous proposons une série d'études empiriques afin de tirer quelques implications politiques utiles. Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions l'impact de l'urbanisation, de l'adaptation de la structure industrielle, du prix de l'énergie et de l'exportation sur les intensités énergétiques agrégés et désagrégés des provinces. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions les facteurs qui expliquent la transition énergétique vers des combustibles propres des ménages ruraux. Dans le chapitre 4, nous examinons les effets conjoints des risques environnementaux, du revenu individuel, des politiques de santé sur l'état de santé des adultes chinois. En particulier, nos résultats empiriques suggèrent d’intégrer le développement urbain dans la stratégie d'économies d'énergie; de considérer des substitutions/complémentarités complexes parmi les sources d'énergie et entre l'énergie et l’alimentation pour les ménages ruraux; d’aligner les politiques environnementales, énergétiques et alimentaires avec les politiques de santéWith the purpose of coping with the intertwined challenges of energy depletion, environmental degradation and public health concerns in the Chinese-specific context in response to sustainable development, we focus on investigating China’s energy, environment and health policies. In chapter 1, we provide an overview of China’s energy, environment and health policies over the past 20 years in order to know about the future policy directions to which the government has not given a sufficient attention. In the following three chapters, we provide a series of empirical studies so as to derive some useful policy implications. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of urbanization, industrial structure adjustment, energy price and export on provincial aggregate and disaggregate energy intensities. In chapter 3, we study the factors explaining the switches from dirty to clean fuel sources in rural households. In chapter 4, we examine the joint effects of environmental hazards, individual income and health policies on the health status of Chinese adults. Our empirical findings particularly suggest integrating urban development into the strategy of energy saving; considering the complex substitutions/complementarities among energy sources and between energy and food for rural households; aligning the environment, energy and food policies with health policies
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Shaw, Catherine Alexandra. "Which types of state energy efficiency policies are most effective?" Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/444547720/viewonline.
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MATERI, SERGIO. "Energy Efficient Policies, Scheduling, and Design for Sustainable Manufacturing Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi della Basilicata, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11563/155809.
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Climate mitigation, more stringent regulations, rising energy costs, and sustainable manufacturing are pushing researchers to focus on energy efficiency, energy flexibility, and implementation of renewable energy sources in manufacturing systems. This thesis aims to analyze the main works proposed regarding these hot topics, and to fill the gaps in the literature. First, a detailed literature review is proposed. Works regarding energy efficiency in different manufacturing levels, in the assembly line, energy saving policies, and the implementation of renewable energy sources are analyzed. Then, trying to fill the gaps in the literature, different topics are analyzed more in depth. In the single machine context, a mathematical model aiming to align the manufacturing power required to a renewable energy supply in order to obtain the maximum profit is developed. The model is applied to a single work center powered by the electric grid and by a photovoltaic system; afterwards, energy storage is also added to the power system. Analyzing the job shop context, switch off policies implementing workload approach and scheduling considering variable speed of the machines and power constraints are proposed. The direct and indirect workloads of the machines are considered to support the switch on/off decisions. A simulation model is developed to test the proposed policies compared to others presented in the literature. Regarding the job shop scheduling, a fixed and variable power constraints are considered, assuming the minimization of the makespan as the objective function. Studying the factory level, a mathematical model to design a flow line considering the possibility of using switch-off policies is developed. The design model for production lines includes a targeted imbalance among the workstations to allow for defined idle time. Finally, the main findings, results, and the future directions and challenges are presented.
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Verones, Sara. "Energy and Urban Planning: towards an Integration of Urban Policies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368840.
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This PhD research focuses on the Italian case and analyses the possibility of integrating energy planning with spatial planning, the effectiveness of plan implementation mechanisms, and the prospect of replacing public-led interventions with market tools. Recent innovations in the legislative framework support the inclusion of energy saving and climate change adaptation and mitigation goals in plan implementation procedures.
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Verones, Sara. "Energy and Urban Planning: towards an Integration of Urban Policies." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2013. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/984/1/Ph.D_Thesis_Verones.pdf.
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This PhD research focuses on the Italian case and analyses the possibility of integrating energy planning with spatial planning, the effectiveness of plan implementation mechanisms, and the prospect of replacing public-led interventions with market tools. Recent innovations in the legislative framework support the inclusion of energy saving and climate change adaptation and mitigation goals in plan implementation procedures.
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Nekovářová, Lenka. "Komunikační strategie Jaderné elektrárny Temelín." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162214.
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The thesis deals with the communication of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Nuclear sources of energy are currently a sensitive issue. The planned extension of the Temelín NPP is also a frequently discussed topic in the Czech Republic; it affects many stakeholders and faces increased public and media interest. The goal of the thesis is to create a communication strategy of the Temelín NPP targeted to the public. The draft of the strategy is based on the conclusions of the SWOT analysis focused on the Temelín NPP communication, furthermore, on the analysis of selected online communication tools used by the Temelín NPP, and mainly on the quantitative survey conducted with the purpose to find out the actual public perception of the Temelín NPP and the public attitude to nuclear energy in general. The strategy also uses the knowledge of the company ČEZ media analysis and the findings of the sociological survey among inhabitants of the area close to Temelín compiled by STEM/MARK research agency.
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Lanfelt, Katrine. "Are Renewable Energy Policies Effective? : A panel data study concerning the impact policies have on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through renewable energy production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-450801.
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Climate change has been a topic of interest both in politics and academics during the last decades and it is only becoming more prominent. The relationship between energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions is of particular interest both in politics and in the world of business. With help from the STIRPAT model this paper examines the elasticity between energy production from renewable sources and carbon dioxide emissions and how it changes when introducing policies for increasing the use of renewable energy. Investigating OECD countries between 2007 and 2015, the paper hopes to add to the existing research of environmental policies on an international level by primarily focusing on the 2009/28/EC policy concerning the European Union and comparing it to some national strategies. Through IV-regressions based on the STIRPAT model this paper examines whether policies regarding renewable energy production increase the effect that renewable energy have on reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The results display a positive change in the elasticity between renewable energy and carbon dioxide emissions when introducing the 2009/28/EC policy as an instrumental variable but is unable to identify significant change when using national policies.
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Moore, Jared. "Cost Effectiveness of CO2 Mitigation Technologies and Policies in the Electricity Sector." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/484.
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In order to find politically feasible ways to reduce greenhouse gas emission emissions, governments must examine how policies affect a variety of stakeholders. The costs and benefits of low carbon technology options are unique and affect different market participants in different ways. In this thesis, we examine the cost effectiveness of carbon mitigation technologies and policies from the social perspective and from the perspective of consumers. In Chapter 2, we perform an engineering-economic analysis of hybridizing concentrating solar thermal power with fossil fuel. We examine the cost effectiveness of substituting the solar power for new coal or gas and find the cost of mitigation to be approximately ~$130/tCO2 to ~$300/tCO2. In Chapter 3, we quantify some externalized social costs and benefits of wind energy. We estimate the costs due to variability and transmission unique to wind to have an expected value of ~$20/MWh. In Chapter 4, we quantify the cost effectiveness of a renewable portfolio standard and a carbon price from the perspective of consumers in restructured markets. We find that both that the RPS can be more cost effective than a carbon price for consumers under certain circumstances: continued excess supply of capacity, retention of nuclear generators, and high natural gas prices. In Chapter 5, we examine the implications of lowering electricity sector CO2 emissions in PJM through a Low Carbon Capacity Standard (LCCS). We estimate that an LCCS would supply the same amount of energy (105,000 GWh) as the RPS’s in PJM and an additional ~10 GW of capacity. We find that the LCCS could be more cost effective for consumers than an RPS if it lowered capacity prices.
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Bisengo, Kumbu. "Energy in Central Africa : with special reference to Zaire." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17226.
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Includes bibliographical references.In this thesis, the energy sector of the Central Africa region is investigated with a special attention to Zaire. The region's political trends, economic performance, demographic and social patterns as well as their implications in the development of the energy sector are presented. For each country of the region the resource potential and the ability to produce, distribute and use these energy resources, are analyzed. The potential for the development of energy resources of the region is examined and its future energy demand forecast. The scope for energy interchange inside and outside the region is analyzed and regional integration in the energy sector discussed. The findings of this thesis are: * there is an abundance of energy resources though not evenly distributed throughout the region, * there is a heavy reliance on woodfuel, and * there are many problems constraining the development of the energy sector. The principal issues facing the energy sector are: *the shortage of woodfuel due to the non-sustainability of supply, *the low reliability of power supply and the existence of surplus capacity in some countries, *the high supply cost of petroleum products, *the limited size of the local commercial fuel market and the lack of finance to develop domestic energy resources, *the low level of management and financial autonomy for energy utilities, *the lack of energy trade because of political instability, and institutional shortcomings. Forecasts of future energy consumption in the region indicate that woodfuel will continue to be the dominant energy form, followed by oil and electricity, and that electricity will play an increasing role. Recommendations for the woodfuel subsector relates to improving the production and utilization efficiency - valid also for the other energy carriers, increasing the supply through reforestation programmes and accelerating electrification. Other recommendations to improve the development of the energy sector include: * recovering energy supply cost through adequate pricing and improved collection practices, * reducing government interference and introducing private participation in the energy sector with the subsequent benefit of the transfer of new technology and managerial competence, and * strengthening energy institutions to enable them to improve planning, implementations, operations, and ensure the integration of traditional and commercial energy structures . The possibilities of energy interchange are large for oil and electricity, and energy trade could improve energy utilization, lower supply costs, etc. Under prevailing socio-economic conditions, regional integration is thought to be the only realistic strategy leading to the economic exploitation of energy resources and the adequate supply of energy to support industrial development of the region and to meet the social needs of its people. In this connection, major efforts should be directed towards the establishment of appropriate regional energy institutions, but political stability is a prerequisite to any effective energy integration.
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Liu, Melisande F. [Verfasser]. "Solar Energy Policies in China: Trajectory, Change and Drivers of China's Energy Transition / Melisande F. Liu." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119052550X/34.
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Ertac, Dizem. "Investigating the effects of environmental and energy policies in Turkey using an energy-disaggregated CGE model." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315740.
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This thesis investigates environmental and energy policies that Turkey needs to adopt on its way to a sustainable development path. A comparative-static, multi-sectoral CGE model, TurkMod, is developed in order to analyze the potential scenarios available for the Turkish economy to attain a low-carbon society with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports. Domestic energy demand has significantly increased in Turkey over the past decades and this has put a lot of pressure on policy-makers as the economy greatly depends on imports of natural gas and oil as far as current energy consumption is concerned. The CGE model in this study is based on a 2012 energy-disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) constructed as a part of this thesis as well. The energy-disaggregated SAM incorporates 18 sectors for production activities, 11 products as commodities, 2 factors of production as labor and capital, 3 institutional accounts as firms, households, and the government, a separate account for taxes on commodities, taxes on production and taxes on different types of factor use, a capital account, and finally the rest of the world (ROW) account. Disaggregating the electricity sector to include 8 different types of power generating sectors (5 of which are renewable energy sources) enables electric power substitution in the model. The energy-disaggregated SAM is further linked with satellite accounts which include data on derived energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.The macroeconomic and environmental impacts of four distinct sets of scenarios are analyzed with respect to the baseline scenario. The first scenario simulates a 30% increase in energy efficiency in the production sectors and the residential sector and evidence is found for reaching the 21% GHG mitigation target set in Turkey’s pledge for Paris Agreement compliance. The second set of scenarios is the inclusion of a medium-level and high-level carbon tax rates for coal, oil and natural gas. The carbon tax scenarios produce significant effects on both emission reduction targets and substituting fossil fuel technologies with cleaner energy types. The third scenario investigates the sectoral and welfare impacts of providing subsidies for renewable energy sources. Turkey has already adopted a scheme where renewable energies are beings subsidized and promoted, however, this policy does not produce the necessary transformation for the Turkish society when utilized solely on its own. The fourth scenario estimates the effects of changes in world prices of energy on the Turkish economy. A 20% increase in world energy prices, i.e. oil, natural gas, and coal, induces substantial changes in the breakdown of TPES and the power-generating sector, but this scenario is a rather hypothetical one as it cannot be suggested as a viable policy option. All in all, these potential energy scenarios have significant and influential impacts on the Turkish economy and its environment. Notwithstanding, a carbon tax policy proves to be the most viable scenario which leads to reduced energy intensities in all sectors, a 21% GHG emissions abatement, and a transformation of the energy sector towards having a low-carbon content along with a reduced reliance on fossil fuel imports.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Roberts, Christopher. "Energy Policies and Directed Technical Change : How Governments Incentivize Firms to Invests in Renewable Energy innovation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264189.
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Policies are regarded as the most important instrument in redirecting invention Policies are regarded as the most important instrument in redirecting invention investments away from fossil fuel technologies towards renewable energy technologies. Despite the importance and urgency in decarbonizing the economy, the literature on how different energy policies effect the development of renewable energy technologies is relatively scarce. A difficulty has been in justifying the operationalizing of policies in as both valid and reliable. This thesis tackles the operationalization difficulty and produces empirical evidence in how effective various policies are in incentivizing the development of renewable energy technologies (RET). The main findings are that government R&D expenditure increases firm innovation across all RET, demand-pull policies either increase the likelihood of firm inventions or has an insignificant effect and carbon taxation does not increase the likelihood of RET invention.Politiska instrument är ansedda som de medel som kan ha störst inverkan att omdirigera innovation investeringar från fossila till förnyelsebara energier. Trots det angelägna och brådskande i att ekonomin blir fossilt oberoende finns det relativt lite litteratur på hur olika energipolitiska medel har för effekt på den tekniska utvecklingen av förnyelsebara energier. En svårighet har varit att berättiga operativiseringen av politiken vilken är både valid och tillförlitligt. Denna uppsats angriper svårigheten av att operativisera poliska instrument och producerar empiriska underlag för hur effektiva olika politiska medel är i att ge incitament till för att utveckla förnyelsebara energier (FE). De frästa resultaten är att statlig forskning och utveckling ökar sannolikheten att företags innovation inom alla FE, efterfråge-stimulerings politik antingen ökar eller har ingen påverkan på FE innovation och att koldioxidbeskattning inte ökar innovation inom FE.