Relevant bibliographies by topics / Energy Mooring

Academic literature on the topic 'Energy Mooring'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Energy Mooring"

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Nielsen, Kim, and Jonas Thomsen. "KNSwing—On the Mooring Loads of a Ship-Like Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020029.

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The critical function of keeping a floating Wave Energy Converter in position is done by a mooring system. Several WECs have been lost due to failed moorings, indicating that extreme loads, reliability and durability are very important aspects. An understanding of the interaction between the WEC’s motion in large waves and the maximum mooring loads can be gained by investigating the system at model scale supported by numerical models. This paper describes the testing of a novel attenuator WEC design called KNSwing. It is shaped like a ship facing the waves with its bow, which results in low mooring loads and small motions in most wave conditions when the structure is longer than the waves. The concept is tested using an experimental model at scale 1:80 in regular and irregular waves, moored using rubber bands to simulate synthetic moorings. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations done using the OrcaFlex software. The experimental results show that the WEC and the mooring system survives well, even under extreme and breaking waves. The numerical model coefficient concerning the nonlinear drag term for the surge motion is validated using decay tests. The numerical results compare well to the experiments and, thereby, the numerical model can be further used to optimize the mooring system.
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Xue, Gang, Jian Qin, Zhenquan Zhang, Shuting Huang, and Yanjun Liu. "Experimental Investigation of Mooring Performance and Energy-Harvesting Performance of Eccentric Rotor Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111774.

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To obtain the optimal mooring mode and the best-matching wave condition of an eccentric rotor wave energy converter (ERWEC), a physical model of the ERWEC was developed. Ten mooring modes and eight wave conditions were set up. Several experiments were carried out to analyze the influence of mooring modes and wave conditions on the mooring and energy-harvesting performances of the ERWEC. The results showed that the mooring and energy-harvesting performances changed significantly for the same mooring mode under various regular wave conditions, but the opposite situation was found under irregular wave conditions. The wave-facing direction of the buoy was a critical factor affecting the mooring and energy-harvesting performances, while the number of anchor lines had little effect on them. In addition, a method to evaluate the motion response of the buoy based on the number of effective excitations and a method to evaluate the comprehensive performance based on the cloud chart are proposed. The mooring mode and wave condition combination that obtained the optimal mooring and energy-harvesting performances for the ERWEC was determined. This paper provides a novel perspective on how to balance the efficiency and reliability of wave energy converters.
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Cross, Patrick, and Krishnakumar Rajagopalan. "Wave Energy Converter Deployments at the Navy's Wave Energy Test Site: 2015‐2019." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.8.

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AbstractA synopsis of wave energy converter (WEC) deployments at the U.S. Navy's Wave Energy Test Site (WETS), from the mid-2015 commissioning of the full three-berth site through 2019, is provided. This includes two deployments each of the Northwest Energy Innovations (NWEI) Azura device and the Fred. Olsen Ltd. BOLT Lifesaver, each with important modifications between deployments. The Azura was modified with a larger float and a heave plate, aimed at enhancing power performance, while the Lifesaver's second deployment addressed mooring challenges encountered in the first. Additionally, unique integration and deployment of a sophisticated environmental sensing system developed by the University of Washington, in which required power was drawn from the WEC itself, was achieved during this second Lifesaver deployment. A brief background of the site is included, as is a synopsis of two major efforts not directly related to WEC deployments—the development of a site-dedicated support vessel and work to redesign and make repairs to the WETS deep berth mooring systems, including the addition of a “no-WEC hawser” system to keep the moorings in tension between WEC deployments. Finally, a look ahead to WEC deployments planned in 2021‐2023 is provided.
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Nwaoha, Thaddeus C., and Nsisong E. Udosoh. "Facilitating optimal operations of wave energy converter using a preeminent mooring line: an entropy weight-VIKOR method." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2022.6.1.77.

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This study employed viable methods for the selection of a preeminent mooring line amongst other alternatives for the mooring of a floating wave energy converter (WEC) in shallow water. Conventional mooring lines for mooring WEC are identified for optimal selection exercise. A combination of Entropy Weight and Visekriterijumska Optimizacijia I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) methods is utilized in the aforementioned exercise. The two methods are effectively used in assessment of the attributes and performance of the various mooring lines in practical application. The result obtained, demonstrated that steel wire rope is the best mooring line suitable for a WEC system operations. It is good references to the marine and offshore engineering industries in decision making for optimal mooring line suitable for the mooring of a WEC system in shallow waters.
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Qiao, Dongsheng, Rizwan Haider, Jun Yan, Dezhi Ning, and Binbin Li. "Review of Wave Energy Converter and Design of Mooring System." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 8251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198251.

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In recent decades, the emphasis on renewable resources has grown considerably, leading to significant advances in the sector of wave energy. Nevertheless, the market cannot still be considered as commercialized, as there are still other obstacles in the mooring system for wave energy converters (WECs). The mooring system must be designed to not negatively impact the WEC’s efficiency and reduce the mooring loads. Firstly, the overview of the types of wave energy converters (WECs) are classified through operational principle, absorbing wave direction, location, and power take-off, respectively, and the power production analysis and design challenges of WECs are summarized. Then, the mooring materials, configurations, requirements, and the modeling approaches for WECs are introduced. Finally, the design of mooring systems, including the design considerations and standards, analysis models, software, current research focus, and challenges are discussed.
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Meng, Zhongliang, Yanjun Liu, Jian Qin, and Shumin Sun. "Mooring Angle Study of a Horizontal Rotor Wave Energy Converter." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020344.

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The horizontal rotor wave energy converter is a newly designed wave energy converter. While the mooring system plays a vital role in keeping the device floating stably, the selection of the mooring angle has immediate effects on the device’s floating stability and energy generation efficiency. Given the properties of wave energy along the coast in Shandong Province, this study combines wave statistics gathered from field measurements of a certain area in the Bohai Sea with hydrological data obtained in a field test in the same sea area and adopts Stokes’ fifth-order wave theory to theoretically design and simulate the mooring system for the new type of power generating device. With the help of AQWA software, data on the dynamics of the device at various angles are obtained to construct models and carry out regular wave experiments according to the most appropriate mooring angles to show the validity of the selected mooring angles. The consistency of the results between the experiment and simulation confirms that under the same working conditions of regular waves, as the mooring angle increases, the roll angle decreases first and then increases, the pitch angle barely varies, and the yaw angle decreases first and then increases. The adoption of this simulation method and the gathered experimental data help to provide theoretical and practical bases for choosing the mooring method for the engineering prototype and obtaining a reliable supply of power.
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Meng, Zhongliang, Yanjun Liu, Jian Qin, and Shumin Sun. "Mooring Angle Study of a Horizontal Rotor Wave Energy Converter." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020344.

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The horizontal rotor wave energy converter is a newly designed wave energy converter. While the mooring system plays a vital role in keeping the device floating stably, the selection of the mooring angle has immediate effects on the device’s floating stability and energy generation efficiency. Given the properties of wave energy along the coast in Shandong Province, this study combines wave statistics gathered from field measurements of a certain area in the Bohai Sea with hydrological data obtained in a field test in the same sea area and adopts Stokes’ fifth-order wave theory to theoretically design and simulate the mooring system for the new type of power generating device. With the help of AQWA software, data on the dynamics of the device at various angles are obtained to construct models and carry out regular wave experiments according to the most appropriate mooring angles to show the validity of the selected mooring angles. The consistency of the results between the experiment and simulation confirms that under the same working conditions of regular waves, as the mooring angle increases, the roll angle decreases first and then increases, the pitch angle barely varies, and the yaw angle decreases first and then increases. The adoption of this simulation method and the gathered experimental data help to provide theoretical and practical bases for choosing the mooring method for the engineering prototype and obtaining a reliable supply of power.
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Qiao, Dongsheng, and Jinping Ou. "Mooring Line Damping Estimation for a Floating Wind Turbine." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840283.

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The dynamic responses of mooring line serve important functions in the station keeping of a floating wind turbine (FWT). Mooring line damping significantly influences the global motions of a FWT. This study investigates the estimation of mooring line damping on the basis of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 MW offshore wind turbine model that is mounted on the ITI Energy barge. A numerical estimation method is derived from the energy absorption of a mooring line resulting from FWT motion. The method is validated by performing a 1/80 scale model test. Different parameter changes are analyzed for mooring line damping induced by horizontal and vertical motions. These parameters include excitation amplitude, excitation period, and drag coefficient. Results suggest that mooring line damping must be carefully considered in the FWT design.
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Cai, Yuanzhen, Milad Bazli, Asanka P. Basnayake, Martin Veidt, and Michael T. Heitzmann. "Composite Springs for Mooring Tensioners: A Systematic Review of Material Selection, Fatigue Performance, Manufacturing, and Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091286.

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Ocean energy is an underutilized renewable energy source compared with hydropower and wind power. Therefore, the development of economical and efficient wave energy converters (WECs) is important and crucial for offshore power generation. The mooring tensioner is a critical device that can be used in point-absorber-type WECs, semisubmersible floats for oil and gas drilling, and floating wind turbines. A mooring tensioner is a system used to create, reduce, or maintain tension within the mooring lines by applying a force to the mooring line. Composite springs as mooring tensioners have several advantages compared to metal springs, such as corrosion resistance, high specific strain energy, appropriate fatigue performance, and the ability to flexibly adjust the spring constant without changing the overall dimensions. This paper reviews in detail the fatigue performance, seawater durability, and manufacturing methods of different composite materials as well as the current and potential applications of composites springs. In addition, recommendations for future research and opportunities for composite mooring tensioners are presented.
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Liu, Shi, Yi Yang, Chengyuan Wang, Yuangang Tu, and Zhenqing Liu. "Proposal of a Novel Mooring System Using Three-Bifurcated Mooring Lines for Spar-Type Off-Shore Wind Turbines." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 8303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248303.

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Floating wind turbine vibration controlling becomes more and more important with the increase in wind turbine size. Thus, a novel three-bifurcated mooring system is proposed for Spar-type floating wind turbines. Compared with the original mooring system using three mooring lines, three-bifurcated sub-mooring-lines are added into the novel mooring system. Specifically, each three-bifurcated sub-mooring-line is first connected to a Spar-type platform using three fairleads, then it is connected to the anchor using the main mooring line. Six fairleads are involved in the proposed mooring system, theoretically resulting in larger overturning and torsional stiffness. For further improvement, a clump mass is attached onto the main mooring lines of the proposed mooring system. The wind turbine surge, pitch, and yaw movements under regular and irregular waves are calculated to quantitatively examine the mooring system performances. A recommended configuration for the proposed mooring system is presented: the three-bifurcated sub-mooring-line and main mooring line lengths should be (0.0166, 0.0111, 0.0166) and 0.9723 times the total mooring line length in the traditional mooring system. The proposed mooring system can at most reduce the wind turbine surge movement 37.15% and 54.5% when under regular and irregular waves, respectively, and can at most reduce the yaw movement 30.1% and 40% when under regular and irregular waves, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy Mooring"

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Parish, David Nigel. "A novel mooring tether for highly dynamic offshore applications." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21337.

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The mooring of vessels and other floating bodies at sea, such as offshore platforms has necessitated the development of specialised moorings technology. The marine renewable energy (MRE) sector is now at a stage in its development whereby floating devices are adding new challenges to the moorings industries. Floating MRE devices are smaller than, for instance offshore platforms, and are usually targeted for deployment in highly energetic environments. The extreme conditions and the highly dynamic response of an MRE device present challenges in terms of peak loading within the mooring system itself and load transfer to the floating body. Compliant mooring systems provide advantages by reducing the peak loads and fibre ropes are an important asset in achieving such compliance. However, the extent to which existing fibre ropes can safely extend axially to provide compliance is insufficient and is strongly associated to the minimum breaking load (MBL) of the rope. A novel fibre rope mooring tether is presented here that provides advantages over existing ropes. The tether employs a hollow fibre rope containing an elastomeric core, this mechanism de-coupling the extension properties from the strength of the line. The load path is carried through the polyester rope which is terminated conventionally by eye splices, thus minimising any new risks to reliability. Very low axial stiffness is achieved and is shown to be selectable within limits. For comparison, the prototype tether’s MBL of 222 kN is assigned to polyester and Nylon reference ropes. The axial stiifness of these ropes are 590 kN and 463 kN respectively when measured by a secant between the origin and 30% MBL; the novel tether displays an axial stiffness of 72 kN by the same method. This enables the novel tether to achieve more than two and a half times the extension of a comparable Nylon rope in its working range. Numerical modelling of a moored installation demonstrates a threefold reduction in peak load magnitude compared to the existing Nylon rope solution. The tether exhibits two distinct stages of extension, the first having very low axial stiffness. It is demonstrated that the extent of this soft phase can be selected by design and that this might add another useful element of control to moorings design work.
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Gordelier, Tessa Jane. "Enhancing wave energy deployments through mooring system reliability assessment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24917.

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Wave energy generation is a promising renewable energy source but it faces certain challenges before it can become commercially viable. In comparison to conventional energy generation it is expensive, furthermore it has been plagued by reliability challenges due to the harsh operating demands of the marine environment. This Thesis investigates the reliability of wave energy devices, and specifically focuses on mooring system reliability. Two major themes are developed: Firstly, an assessment is conducted on a conventional mooring component, reviewing safety factors suggested in mooring system design guidelines and investigating whether there is a potential to reduce these safety factors (and in so doing, reduce system costs). Numerical modelling, laboratory testing and field testing demonstrate that excessively large safety factors are published in design guidance for static loading scenarios. However, when considering fatigue loading regimes (a critical aspect of wave energy generation), the proposed safety factors are found to be appropriate. In fatigue design, the importance of selecting an appropriate stress concentration factor for use with generic S-N curves is highlighted. These findings indicate the publication of additional stress concentration factors and a standard approach for mean stress adjustment would be a valuable addition to mooring system design guidance for fatigue. The second theme introduces a novel mooring component, The Exeter Tether, designed to reduce mooring loads and thus reduce system costs. The introduction of any novel technology brings new reliability considerations, and a reliability assessment of the tether and sub-components is presented in this Thesis. Following a failure modes and effects analysis, a bespoke range of physical tests is developed to investigate reliability concerns unique to this novel component. Laboratory testing of the tether assembly shows promising fatigue performance, however field trials highlight concerns regarding bio-fouling and marine debris ingress. Sub-component testing of the EPDM (Ethylene propylene diene monomer) polymer core suggests an increase in material stiffness with both marine ageing and repeated compression cycles. This finding supports results from assembly trials in the laboratory and at sea, where tether assembly dynamic axial stiffness is observed to increase over time. The overarching design philosophy behind the Exeter Tether is to reduce mooring system loads, so establishing the `worked' operating profile of the tether is crucial for the design intentions to be realised without compromising the reliability of the overall mooring system. Trials on the anti-friction membrane establish optimum performance when using two layers of UHMWPE (Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) tape. Further areas requiring research are highlighted, and suggestions are made to improve the reliability of future design iterations of The Exeter Tether. The two reliability approaches presented demonstrate the potential for cost reduction in mooring system design and highlight the importance of physical component testing, both in the field and in laboratory conditions, to optimise component design whilst ensuring overall system reliability.
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CAGNINEI, ANDREA. "Hull and mooring design of gyroscopic-based wave energy converter." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2615515.

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Wave energy is one of the less exploited, yet potentially more interesting renewable energy source. In a world where the energy consumption is constantly increasing, but economic and environmental reasons drive the research of alternatives to not-renewable energy sources, it’s just a matter of time before wave energy become an economically sustainable source of renewable energy. The research effort, started in the seventies, was focused on the development of devices for the harvesting of energy from the energetically rich seas of northern Europe. The work presented in this thesis is focused on the development of ISWEC, a wave energy converter based on a gyroscopic conversion of a hull motion, designed specifically to work in the Mediterranean Sea. The device, described in detail in chapter 3, was designed in the Department of Mechanics of the Polytechnic of Turin since 2005, and I worked within the research group responsible for its development. Design of a wave energy converter requires understanding the complex interactions between the device, and its energy-harvesting system, and the waves of the sea. This can be done by the use of numerical models, but experimental validation and testing are always necessary to gain a complete knowledge of such complex phenomena. A substantial part of my work was dedicated to experimental analysis of ISWEC: chapter 4 describes the analysis conducted on the 1:8 scaled model of the device, in order to adjust and validate a numerical model able to describe the device behavior. Results obtained from the experimental campaign on the 1:8 model have been used to design the hull of the full scale prototype of the device, as described in chapter 5. Chapter 6 is dedicated to the study conducted on the mooring system for ISWEC, again performed with the aid of an extensive campaign of tests on a 1:50 scaled model of the device, and of its mooring system.
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Harnois, Violette. "Analysis of highly dynamic mooring systems : peak mooring loads in realistic sea conditions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17205.

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Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is a promising source of energy for the future. However, it is still under development and many challenges need to be overcome to develop competitive solutions. While the design of the station keeping system of traditional offshore oil and gas structures is driven mainly by their low frequency motions, MRE devices are installed at nearshore locations and move dynamically. Because of these criteria, MRE mooring systems require novel mooring systems and associated standards. MRE mooring standards need to take into account the highly dynamic behaviour of these systems, which can lead to large mooring loads. The nature of these loads needs to be investigated to improve the confidence in mooring design and to improve cost-effectiveness. The aim of this thesis is to develop the understanding of peak mooring loads on highly dynamic mooring systems, in particular, the environmental conditions associated with the loads. In addition, preliminary research into the response of the mooring systems to environmental conditions is presented. Both field tests and tank tests have been conducted. Field tests give insight into the behaviour of a dynamic mooring system in real sea conditions. Measuring the mooring loads and the environmental conditions - wave, and current if available – for several months, a methodology has been developed to detect peak mooring loads and identify the associated environmental conditions in order to compare them with the environmental conditions recorded throughout the field tests. The principal finding is that peak mooring loads occur for sea states with large but not always the highest significant wave height HS. The understanding of the effect of tidal conditions on peak mooring loads requires further work. A tank test of a dynamic mooring system in moderate sea states has been conducted to observe the dynamic behaviour of the mooring system. Tank tests enable detailed observations of the dynamic behaviour of a system in a well controlled environment and allow the calibration of a numerical model. The model can be used to investigate separate physical parameters. The results from this thesis will assist in the development of specific standards for MRE mooring systems. These standards are essential for the evolution of the MRE industry.
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Wang, Mingming. "A durable mooring system for a winch-based wave energy converter." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209484.

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This project has dealt with the developing a new technology for a renewable energy source, the wave energy, which is considered as one of the renewable resources with a potential to contribute to an energy production corresponding to about 10% of the world’s energy consumption nowadays. A point absorber concept that is using a Power Take-off (PTO) unit converts the sea surface wave motion into electricity thanks to a buoy at the sea surface which is moved by the waves. Due to harsh working conditions, the maintenance would cause too many issues, and a mooring system needs to be developed. The aim in this paper is to design a durable mooring system for at least 20 years of operation even working in a harsh sea environment. A geometry model of the mooring system has been built since the dimensioning of its components was performed. Several concepts were generated and evaluated with a Pugh matrix. An analysis of the different stresses affecting the performance of the system was made to validate the design. In addition, the detail design of the different parts of the system has made to allow their manufacture in future work.
Projektet har behandlat utvecklingen av en ny teknik för en förnybar energikälla, vågenergin, som anses vara en av de mest lovande förnybara resurserna med potential att bidra till en energiproduktion som motsvarar cirka 10 procent av världens energiförbrukning . Ett punktabsorberande koncept som använder en kraftuttagsenhet (PTO) omvandlar havsytans vågsrörelser till elektricitet. På grund av hårda arbetsförhållanden ger underhållsarbete stora problem och ett förtöjningssystem behöver utvecklas. Syftet med detta projekt är att utforma ett hållbart förtöjningssystem för minst 20 års drift, även i en hård havsmiljö. En geometrisk modell av förtöjningssystemet har skapats baserad på dimensionering av dess komponenter. Flera koncept genererades och utvärderades med en Pugh-matris. En simulering av de olika spänningar som påverkar systemets prestanda gjordes för att validera designen. Dessutom har detaljkonstruktion av de olika delarna av systemet gjorts, så att de kan tillverkas i ett framtida arbete.
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Ransley, Edward Jack. "Survivability of wave energy converter and mooring coupled system using CFD." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3503.

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This thesis discusses the development of a Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) capable of describing the coupled behaviour of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) and their moorings under extreme wave loading. The NWT utilises the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM(R) to solve the fully nonlinear, incompressible, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for air and water using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and a Volume of Fluid (VOF) treatment of the interface. A method for numerically generating extreme waves is devised, based on the dispersively-focused NewWave theory and using the additional toolbox waves2Foam. A parametric study of the required mesh resolution shows that steeper waves require finer grids for mesh independence. Surface elevation results for wave-only cases closely match those from experiments, although an improved definition of the flow properties is required to generate very steep focused waves. Predictions of extreme wave run-up and pressure on the front of a fixed truncated cylinder compare well with physical measurements; the numerical solution successfully predicts the secondary loading cycle associated with the nonlinear ringing effect and shows a nonlinear relationship between incident crest height and horizontal load. With near perfect agreement during an extreme wave event, the reproduction of the six degree of freedom (6DOF) motion and load in the linearly-elastic mooring of a hemispherical-bottomed buoy significantly improves on similar studies from the literature. Uniquely, this study compares simulations of two existing WEC designs with scale-model tank tests. For the Wavestar machine, a point-absorber constrained to pitch motion only, results show good agreement with physical measurements of pressure, force and float motion in regular waves, although the solution in the wake region requires improvement. Adding bespoke functionality, a point-absorber designed by Seabased AB, consisting of a moored float and Power Take-Off (PTO) with limited stroke length, translator and endstop, is modelled in large regular waves. This represents a level of complexity not previously attempted in CFD and the 6DOF float motion and load in the mooring compare well with experiments. In conclusion, the computational tool developed here is capable of reliably predicting the behaviour of WEC systems during extreme wave events and, with some additional parameterisation, could be used to assess the survivability of WEC systems at full-scale before going to the expense of deployment at sea.
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PASSIONE, BIAGIO. "Hydrodynamic analysis and mooring design of a floating pitching Wave Energy Converter." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2714195.

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The work presented in this thesis is part of an integrated research carried out for the development of the ISWEC technology. The key aspects of this WEC that can experience relevant improvement for the technology design and optimization are found to be hydrodynamics modelling and mooring design. These two topics are investigated in order to achieve a high reliability numerical tool for the performance analysis and testing of the ISWEC device. The existing numerical model has been upgraded and validated against experimental results, introducing non-linear phenomena. A mooring system has been designed to be general, considering all the requirements needed for the device deployment. A design procedure has been used according to offshore conservative standards, to guarantee the feasibility of the project. The survivability of the moored device has been tested in a wave tank, reproducing the full storm duration for a severe installation site. Different mooring configurations have been tested and the best one has been identified. The two experimental campaigns have been carried out in Napoli, at the towing tank of the Department of Industrial Engineering of Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II. Methodologies and results presented in this thesis will be used for the design and deployment of a new ISWEC prototype to be installed in the next future. The tools and methodologies here presented can be considered as general and used for the development of different floating WECs. More in detail, the mooring study is useful for all the floating and submerged WECs that require slack mooring systems. On the other hand, the hydrodynamic aspect analyzed in this work are common to the majority of point absorber WECs, with a particular relevance for WECs that exploit pitch or roll motions.
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Healy, Strömgren William. "Automatic Adjustment of the Floatation Level for a Tight-moored Buoy." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88883.

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Denna rapport ger förslag på olika metoder att automatiskt justera flytläget på en statiskt förankrad boj, en överblick över de processer som styr ändringen av vattennivån och en statisktisk analys på vattennivåförändringarna vid Stockholm, Kungsholmsfort och Kungsvik.

Beroende på vattenivåns variation finns olika metoder för justering. Områden med små variationer av vattennivå lämpar det sig bäst utan någon som helst justering av flytläget. Områden med inte för stora tidvattensförändringar bör justeras med ett system bestående av vinsch, växellåda med en utväxling på 10 000:1, en 12 V DC motor, ett skötselfritt 12 V batteri, en luftlindad linjärgenerator och en trådtöjningsgivare. Områden med stora variationer i tidvatten behöver en avlastning för motorn i form av en fjäder och dämpare. De monteras horizontellt inuti bojen för att skyddas från den yttre miljön.

Den statistiska analysen påvisade de största vattennivåändringarna vid både Kungsviks och Kungsholmsforts mätstationer, båda uppvisade ett intervall på 1,6 m mellan minimum och maximum. Kungsvik var den station med de största dagliga variationerna, detta på grund av tidvattnets påverkan i området.


This thesis gives examples of different methods of automated adjustment of floatation level for a static moored buoy, an overview of the theories behind water level change and a statistical analysis of the water level changes for Stockholm, Kungsholmsfort and Kungsvik.

Depending on the range and frequency of the water level change different methods of adjustment are recommended. For areas with small changes in sea level the best choice would be no adjustment of the floatation level. Areas that are influenced by moderate tidal ranges should incorporate a system of regulation consisting of a winch, gearbox with a gear ratio of around 10,000:1, 12 V DC motor, 12 V maintenance free battery, air coiled linear generator and a strain gauge. For areas with large tidal ranges the previous system should be complimented with a horizontally mounted spring, inside the buoy, to lessen the loads on the motor.

The statistical analysis found the largest extremes in water level of the three sites to be at Kungsvik and Kungsholmsfort, both exhibiting a range of almost 1.6 m. Kungsvik was the station with the largest daily variations, this is because this is the only station influenced by tidal variations.

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Thies, Philipp Rudolf. "Advancing reliability information for Wave Energy Converters." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4053.

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Marine renewable energy promises to provide a significant contribution to the future electricity supply. It is estimated that 17% of today's UK electricity demand could be generated from wave and tidal sources. The ambition to harvest this resource is in the public interest, as it eases the pressures on energy security, holds the potential to reduce carbon emissions and has the prospect to create a new UK industry sector worth £15 billion. From an engineering perspective, marine energy is one of the least developed renewable energy technologies and has to be regarded as unproven. The reliability of components and devices in the harsh marine environment is one of the main engineering challenges. Reliability assessments and the assurance of acceptable reliability levels are dependant on the adequacy of failure information, which is scantily available for marine energy. This thesis shows that large failure rate uncertainties impede the reliability assessment for wave energy converters and how a suite of experimental, numerical and statistical methods can be applied to improve scarcely available reliability information. The analysis of component load conditions identifies fatigue as failure mode of concern and the fatigue life of mooring lines and marine power cables is quantified in a floating wave energy application. A Bayesian statistical approach and dedicated service-simulation component testing is proposed, and implemented to improve the quality of reliability estimates and to provide relevant data and assurance. The methods presented, along with the results, will assist reliability assessment and design during early development stages, and will inform the prediction of maintenance requirements during operation. Reliable marine energy systems will be the technical enabler for the successful transition of prototype devices to a commercially viable marine energy industry.
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Savin, Andrej. "Experimental Measurement of Lateral Force in a Submerged Single Heaving Buoy Wave Energy Converter." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159519.

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The search for new solutions for the generation of energy is becoming more and more important for our future. Big arguments and disagreements on e.g. the questions of gas transport or the dependence on energy supplied by other countries raise demands on the development of new forms of alternative energy resources. Wave power is one of the main sources of renewable energy due to the high power density stored in ocean waves. Nevertheless, the dynamic forces of waves are so large that serious questions popped up on how to design a system which could work even in an unfavourable wave climate or could at least retain working capabilities after big storms without significant damages. This thesis studies the reliability of the mechanical parts of a linear direct driven permanent magnet generator. The results of offshore experiment where strain gauge sensors instrumented on the capsule and the inner framework structure are presented. Stress estimation analyses using strain gauges are carried out. A method for measuring forces and moments in the mechanical structure of the WEC is developed. Evaluation of the lateral force acting on the outer structure is a key factor for the design and construction of the WEC. A method for the measurement of the lateral force acting on the capsule has been developed. A study of the inclination angle between the Wave Energy Converter and the floating buoy has been carried out. The aim of this work is to contribute to the development of wave energy conversion system, and especially to the estimation of structural loads which are important for the survivability of the system under hard sea states. This work is a step that may influence future design of wave energy devices in terms of material aspect, survivability in a hard wave climate and cost-effective renewable energies.
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Books on the topic "Energy Mooring"

1

Henriksen, Henrich. Typical power budget and possible energy source for Autonomous Oceanographic Network (AOSN) Labrador Sea Experiment (LSE). [Woods Hole, Mass.]: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1996.

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2

Levy-Ryan, Ellen. Moored current meter and temperature-pressure recorder measurements from the western North Atlantic (high energy benthic boundary layer and abyssal circulation experiments 1983-1984): Volume XXXIX. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Energy Mooring"

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Bergdahl, Lars. "Mooring Design for WECs." In Handbook of Ocean Wave Energy, 159–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39889-1_7.

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Belzner, Fabian, Carsten Thorenz, and Mario Oertel. "A Modernized Safety Concept for Ship Force Evaluations During Lock Filling Processes." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 271–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_24.

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AbstractA ship in a lock chamber is exposed to forces acting on the hull during the filling and emptying processes. These forces accelerate the ship and lead to a displacement. To avoid a collision of the ship with the lock structure, it is moored with mooring lines, which can be strained up to a certain breaking load. The force acting in the mooring lines is called the mooring line force and must be distinguished from the ship force. If the mooring line force exceeds the breaking load, the mooring line will fail and the tension energy will abruptly be transformed into kinetic energy. A snap-back of the mooring line ends can produce great forces and the mooring staff is at risk for major injuries. Furthermore, the ship will start to move and could damage the structure and itself. Thus, the mooring line force must be limited during the locking process. The mooring line force depends on the ship force and, furthermore, on the properties of ship and mooring lines. Due to the number of possible parameter combinations the given ship force alone might not be sufficient to judge on the mooring line safety. In this paper a statistical approach to determine the relations between mooring line configuration, mooring line forces and ship force based on Monte Carlo simulations is shown.
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Gao, Zhen. "Mooring System of Renewable Energy Devices." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 1–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6963-5_199-1.

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Shao, X., J. W. Ringsberg, H. D. Yao, Z. Li, and E. Johnson. "Fatigue of mooring lines in wave energy parks." In Advances in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures, 205–11. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003399759-23.

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Lesny, Kerstin, and Matthias Uchtmann. "Suitability of Helical Anchors for Mooring a Wave Energy Converting System." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 498–503. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2306-5_70.

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Li, Mingjun, Xinhui Duan, Zheng Huang, and Yan Wei. "Design of Wave Energy Capture Structure and Research on Mooring System." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 255–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5217-3_25.

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Kawakami, H. "The Use of Marine Fenders as Energy Absorbing Damper Units in Mooring Systems." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 474–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_33.

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Tryde, Per. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of an Advanced Fender/ Mooring System Based on Energy Absorbing Principles." In Advances in Berthing and Mooring of Ships and Offshore Structures, 457–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1407-0_30.

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Rony, J. S., D. Karmakar, and C. Guedes Soares. "Dynamic response analysis of a combined wave and wind energy platform under different mooring configuration." In Trends in Maritime Technology and Engineering Volume 2, 477–87. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003320289-50.

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Hayton, Mark. "Marine Electrification is the Future: A Tugboat Case Study." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 868–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_77.

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AbstractIncreased emissions regulations, global volatility of petroleum supply chains, and a significant push to source energy from renewable and sustainable sources encourages companies and governments to move away from petroleum-based products. Research was conducted on the efficiencies and optimal operating parameters of internal combustion engines and electric motors, exposing situations where each would be best utilized given current energy infrastructure. To support the claim of partially electrified solutions for inland waterway vessels, an in-depth analysis was conducted for an inland waterway tugboat with a rated engine of 1800 kW. The unique operating parameters for tugboats make them prime candidates for plug-in-hybrid propulsion solutions. In this case, the 1800 kW rated tugboat operates at 360 kW or less 87% of the time. This means that most of the operating profile requires a very large engine to be running at low loads, wasting fuel. Proposing electric propulsion for operating modes that require 360 kW or less yields a 62% decrease in fuel consumption. Plug-in hybrid propulsion solutions allow for vessels to plug-in to charging stations after the completion of each voyage. Renewable sources like wind and solar, among others, directly feed the grid, permitting more flexibility in the move for sustainability. New developments in battery technology, require regulatory oversight to maintain safety compliance, specifically regarding the standardization of charging plugs and fire suppression systems for lithium-ion batteries. Implementing charging stations at frequented mooring locations will open the door for sustainable technology, like electrified propulsion solutions, to permeate the inland waterway infrastructure.
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Conference papers on the topic "Energy Mooring"

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Flory, John F., Stephen J. Banfield, Isabel M. L. Ridge, Ben Yeats, Tom Mackay, Pengzhu Wang, Tim Hunter, Lars Johanning, Manuel Herduin, and Peter Foxton. "Mooring systems for marine energy converters." In OCEANS 2016 MTS/IEEE Monterey. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2016.7761007.

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Vicente, Pedro C., Anto´nio F. O. Falca˜o, and Paulo A. P. Justino. "Optimization of Mooring Configuration Parameters of Floating Wave Energy Converters." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49955.

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Floating point absorbers devices are a large class of wave energy converters for deployment offshore, typically in water depths between 40 and 100m. As floating oil and gas platforms, the devices are subject to drift forces due to waves, currents and wind, and therefore have to be kept in place by a proper mooring system. Although similarities can be found between the energy converting systems and floating platforms, the mooring design requirements will have some important differences between them, one of them associated to the fact that, in the case of a wave energy converter, the mooring connections may significantly modify its energy absorption properties by interacting with its oscillations. It is therefore important to examine what might be the more suitable mooring design for wave energy devices, according to the converters specifications. When defining a mooring system for a device, several initial parameters have to be established, such as cable material and thickness, distance to the mooring point on the bottom, and which can influence the device performance in terms of motion, power output and survivability. Different parameters, for which acceptable intervals can be established, will represent different power absorptions, displacements from equilibrium position, load demands on the moorings and of course also different costs. The work presented here analyzes what might be, for wave energy converter floating point absorber, the optimal mooring configuration parameters, respecting certain pre-established acceptable intervals and using a time-domain model that takes into account the non-linearities introduced by the mooring system. Numerical results for the mooring forces demands and also motions and absorbed power, are presented for two different mooring configurations for a system consisting of a hemispherical buoy in regular waves and assuming a liner PTO.
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Cribbs, A. R., G. R. Kärrsten, J. T. Shelton, R. S. Nicoll, and W. P. Stewart. "Mooring System Considerations for Renewable Energy Standards." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/27870-ms.

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McEvoy, Paul, and Eve Johnston. "Polymer Mooring Component for Offshore Renewable Energy." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29587-ms.

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Tom, Joe G., Dirk P. Rijnsdorp, Raffaele Ragni, and David J. White. "Fluid-Structure-Soil Interaction of a Moored Wave Energy Device." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95419.

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Abstract This paper explores the response of a wave energy device during extreme and operational conditions and the effect of this response on the geotechnical stability of the associated taut moorings. The non-hydrostatic wave-flow model SWASH is used to simulate the response of a taut-moored wave energy converter. The predicted forces acting on the mooring system are used to compute the build-up of excess pore pressures in the soil around the mooring anchor and the resulting changes in strength and capacity. An initial loss of strength is followed by a subsequent increase in capacity, associated with long-term cyclic loading and hardening due to consolidation. The analyses show how cyclic loading may actually benefit and reduce anchoring requirements for wave energy devices. It demonstrates the viability of a close interdisciplinary approach towards an optimized and cost-effective design of mooring systems, which form a significant proportion of expected capital expenditures.
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6

Li, Yixuan. "The design and analysis of mooring system." In MATERIALS SCIENCE, ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, AND POWER ENGINEERING I: 1st International Conference on Materials Science, Energy Technology, Power Engineering (MEP 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982469.

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Liu, Yating. "The design of the mooring system." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Materials Science, Machinery and Energy Engineering (MSMEE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msmee-17.2017.145.

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8

Jiang, Changqing, Ould el Moctar, Thomas E. Schellin, and Guilherme Moura Paredes. "Motion Decay Simulations of a Moored Wave Energy Converter." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18424.

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Abstract Significant cost reductions are required for marine renewable energy to become competitive. Aside from the deployment of arrays, one key area that has been identified as having potential for cost reductions is the mooring system. A challenge, therefore, is to design mooring systems which can satisfy their primary role of station keeping while being affordable and durable. This paper presents the effects of three different mooring configurations on the motion behavior of a buoy type wave energy convertor, considering nonlinear mooring-induced fluid-structure interactions, such as the associated viscous effects. To simulate motion decay, an overset mesh method that coupled a dynamic mooring model with the Navier-Stokes equations flow solver OpenFOAM was adopted. The mooring configurations comprised an all catenary system, a catenary system with buoys, and a catenary system with buoys and clump weights. The favorable agreement between the simulations and experimental measurements validated the coupled numerical approach for simulating different mooring configurations. The mooring systems influenced not only restoring force characteristics, but also total damping of the system, which demonstrated the importance of considering mooring-induced damping when investigating moored offshore structures.
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Angelelli, Elisa, Barbara Zanuttigh, Luca Martinelli, and Francesco Ferri. "Physical and Numerical Modelling of Mooring Forces and Displacements of a Wave Activated Body Energy Converter." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23794.

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The paper analyses the forces on the mooring system and the device motions of a floating Wave Activated Body Energy Converter under ordinary and extreme wave conditions. The investigation has been carried out with physical and numerical approaches. The physical tests were performed in 1:60 scale in the shallow-water wave tank of Aalborg University, whereas the numerical simulations were performed in 1:1 scale with the AQWA code developed by ANSYS. The spread mooring system tested in the laboratory allowed for an efficient device keeping while minimising the space. The loads on the moorings increase with increasing the significant wave height and show a modest trend with the peak wave length. These experimental measurements were compared with the numerical results, suggesting that AQWA model is able to accurately reproduce the standard deviation of the forces on the mooring lines. From the simulations it is highlighted that the device should work far from resonance condition, because when the typical wave period is near to the natural period (in surge) the forces acting on the mooring lines increase, resulting in a high level of energy loss.
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Nicholls-Lee, Rachel, Adam Walker, Simon Hindley, and Richard Argall. "Coupled Multi-Phase CFD and Transient Mooring Analysis of the Floating Wave Energy Converter OWEL." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10667.

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Floating wave energy converters are surface based thus facilitating installation and maintenance. They tend to be moored offshore and consequently have less of an impact than other devices both visually and audibly. Mooring these devices is a challenging task, as not only are they subject to drift forces due to the aggressive environment, but they are also designed to operate at their resonant frequency in order to obtain as much power as possible. Such operational parameters require heavy duty mooring systems, capable of coping with the dynamic environment. These moorings will, in turn, affect the performance of the device by restraining the motions and thus modifying the energy absorption characteristics. In this paper a free floating representation of the Offshore Wave Energy Ltd. device (OWEL) has been modeled in RANS CFD in order to obtain initial mooring loads. Subsequently, a preliminary mooring arrangement for OWEL was developed, and using these loads it was modeled using OrcaFlex. The dynamic, non-linear loads were then coupled to a fully transient, multiphase CFD analysis of the device in order to obtain performance characteristics for further detailed design. The numerical results have been compared to results obtained through physical model scale tests of the device and show a good degree of correlation.
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Reports on the topic "Energy Mooring"

1

Garavelli, Lysel. 2020 State of the Science Report, Chapter 8: Encounters of Marine Animals with Marine Renewable Energy Device Mooring Systems and Subsea Cables. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1633184.

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