Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energy Informatics'
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Adigun, Olayinka. "Energy and spectrum efficient future wireless networks." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/28754/.
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Future Wireless Networks (FWN) will be heterogeneous and dynamic networks comprising of different wireless technologies such as cellular technologies; (LTE and LTE-A), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), WiMAX and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). They are expected to provide high data rate in excess of I Gbit/s in a variety of scenarios involving mobile users. A number of technologies such as; Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas, Cognitive Radio (CR), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA), Cooperative Communication, white space and 60GHz transmission have been identified as enablers of FWN. However, two critical challenges still facing the realization of the targets of FWNs are enormous energy consumption and limited spectrum bands useful for wireless communications. This thesis has focused on two enabling technologies in future wireless networks; MIMO antennas and Cognitive Radio technology. These two technologies have been chosen as they have the capability to tackle both energy optimization and spectrum scarcity challenges in FWN. This thesis has investigated energy and spectrum efficiency in MIMO antenna technology and has used the Long Term Evolution (LTE); which is positioned to be a strong player amongst cellular technologies in FWN as a case study. The work has presented adapted energy efficiency metrics which serves as a basis for comparison and has shown various relationships between the numbers of transmit and receive antennas, the feedback information and the energy and spectral efficiency of various MIMO schemes in LTE. This thesis has also investigated energy and spectrum efficiency in Cognitive Radio technology. In dealing with energy efficiency in cognitive radio environment, the options of making CR operations more energy efficient and an analytical evaluation of energy consumed at different stages of secondary spectrum usage have been explored. In dealing with spectrum efficiency in cognitive radio environment, this work has investigated and proposed a spectrum decision and allocation scheme whose performance evaluation confirms it has the ability to offer better utilisation of spectrum holes and offer better spectral efficiency.
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Yoberd, Belmond. "An energy expert advisor and decision support system for aluminium melting and casting." Thesis, Kingston University, 1994. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20580/.
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The aim of this project was to develop and implement an expert advisor system to provide information for selecting and scheduling several items of small foundry plants using electric resistance bale-out furnaces, to optimise metal use and reduce energy costs. This involved study in formulating the procedures and developing a “foundry user friendly” expert system for giving advice to unskilled operatives in what was a complex multi- variable process. This system (FOES) included investigation and development of an advising system on the casting of a large numbers of different objects cast under different operating conditions and electricity tariffs. Knowledge elicitation techniques were developed and used during the complicated knowledge election process. Since this research programme intended to look at the complete process of melting, holding and pouring of the aluminium alloy, complex electricity tariffs were incorporated into the expert system in order to accurately calculate the energy cost of each process. A sub-section of the FOES system (DAD) could advise the unskilled foundry operative identify and eliminate the seven most common aluminium alloy casting defect by using a novel technique of incorporating actual defect photographs which were digitally scanned into the system.
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Schöpf, Michael [Verfasser], and Gilbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Fridgen. "Potentials of energy informatics to incentivize flexibility in the energy system in a short- and long-term perspective / Michael Schöpf ; Betreuer: Gilbert Fridgen." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204129851/34.
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Reinhardt, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Advances to Energy Informatics : On the Collection, Processing, and Privacy Protection of Electricity Consumption Data / Andreas Reinhardt." Clausthal-Zellerfeld : Technische Universität Clausthal, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1230990429/34.
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Grigaravičius, Gytis. "Kriptografinių algoritmų įtaka energijos suvartojimui mobiliuose įrenginiuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130821_140343-63913.
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Magistro baigiamaje darbe nagrinėjama plačiai naudojamų asimetrinių ir simetrinių šifrų bei maišos funkcijų įtaka mobilių įrenginių energijos suvartojimui. Darbe ištirti AES, Camellia ir Serpent simetriniai blokiniai ir RC4 simetrinis srautinis šifras. Tirti asimetriniai šifrai: RSA, DSA, ECDSA ir ElGamal bei MD5, SHA1, SHA2 ir Whirlpool maišos funkcijos. Suformuluotas ir pasiūlytas baterijos elgsenos matematinis modelis. Skirtingi kriptoalgoritmai palyginti energijos sąnaudų atžvilgiu ir atrinkti našiausi kiekvieno tipo šifrai.Main topic of Master thesis is analysis on how widely used asymmetric and symmetric ciphers and hash functions influence energy consumption then used on mobile devices. In this paper AES, Camellia and Serpent block ciphers and RC4 stream cipher are being analyzed. There were RSA, DSA, ECDSA and ElGamal asymmetric ciphers and MD5, SHA1, SHA2 and Whirlpool hash function analyzed too. Proposed mathematical model of battery behaviour. Different ciphers were compared to each other and energy-wise best one are pointed out from each cipher type.
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Rault, Tifenn. "Energy-efficiency in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2228/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé des solutions originales et performantes pour l’économie d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF). Ces contributions s'organisent autour de deux grands axes : les réseaux de capteurs génériques et les réseaux de capteurs sans fil dédiés aux applications santé. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé un état-de-l’art des mécanismes d'économie d’énergie pour les RCSF. Nous avons ensuite proposé deux solutions originales : la première optimise le déplacement d’une station de base, ainsi que la façon dont les données sont stockées dans les capteurs et routées vers le puit mobile ; la seconde optimise le déploiement de chargeurs mobiles, qui une fois dans le réseau permettent de satisfaire la demande en énergie des nœuds via la transmission d’énergie sans fil sur plusieurs sauts. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement aux applications des RCSF pour la supervision de patients à distance. Nous avons introduit une nouvelle classification des techniques économes en énergie adaptées à la spécificité de ces applications santé. Nous avons ensuite proposé une nouvelle architecture pour la supervision de patient à distance à l’aide de capteurs sans fil qui permet de prolonger la durée de vie des capteurs et de la station de base. Cette solution prend en compte l’environnement du patient et l’hétérogénéité des appareils. Nos résultats montrent que la durée de vie des réseaux de capteurs sans fil peut être étendue en utilisant les différentes stratégies proposées. L’efficacité de ces approches a été confirmée à l’aide de nombreuses expérimentations numériques et simulationsIn this thesis, we propose new strategies for energy conservation in wireless sensor networks, so that the operational time of these networks can be extended. The work can be divided into two main focus area, namely general wireless sensor networks, and healthcareoriented wearable sensor networks. In the first part of this thesis we provide a comprehensive survey of the existing energy-efficient mechanisms. Then, we propose two new solutions: the first one optimizes the displacement of a mobile base station as well as buffer usage and data routing at sensor nodes; the second one optimizes the deployment of wireless chargers in the network to satisfy the energy demand of the sensors. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to healthcare application where wearable sensors are used to remotely supervise a patient. We begin with a state-of-the-art of the energy-efficient techniques existing in the literature. We then introduce a new energy-efficient architecture that allows to optimize the lifetime of both the sensor and the base station. This is a context-aware solution that takes into consideration heterogeneous devices. Our results show that the lifetime of the sensor networks can be extended using the proposed strategies. All the results obtained are supported by numerical experiments and extensive simulations
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Gaudėšius, Rolandas. "Mikrosensorinio tinklo optimalaus maršrutizavimo sistemos sudarymas ir tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_143810-31661.
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Vystyti mikrosensorinio tinklo duomenų perdavimą racionalaus maršrutizavimo sistemoje. Minimizuoti perdavimų skaičių, sudarant bevielį mikrosensorinį tinklą. Taip pat, trumpinti skaičiavimo procesus, kai mazgai turi atlikti racionalų maršrutizavimą. Bevielio mikrosensorinio tinklo trumpiausio kelio radimas turi būti paprastai realizuojamas ir skaičiuojamas.In this paper it is described a method of creation of the shortest path algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Algorithm computes optimal shortest path and works on any wireless sensor networks topology. One of the limitations of wireless sensor nodes is their inherent limited energy resource. The limited available energy of sensor nodes is mainly problem making communication and computational processing. An energy efficient routing protocol can limit the number of nodes transmissions and the computational complexity of finding the shortest routing path. In the experimental part, the correct functionality of the algorithm is evaluated and the results are analized.
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Medland, Richard C. "Connecting people to their resource consumption through real-time data visualisations." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/72791/1/Richard_Medland_Thesis.pdf.
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Combining human-computer interaction and urban informatics, this design research developed and tested novel interfaces offering users real-time feedback on their paper and energy consumption. Findings from deploying these interfaces in both domestic and office environments in Australia, the UK, and Ireland, will innovate future generations of resource monitoring technologies. The study draws conclusions with implications for government policy, the energy industry, and sustainability researchers.
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Zhu, Jun. "Energy and Design Cost Efficiency for Streaming Applications on Systems-on-Chip." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10591.
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Luchesi, Daniela [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional para tratamento de dados meteorológicos no setor de agroenergia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90598.
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luchesi_d_me_botfca.pdf: 1478619 bytes, checksum: fe1ce4874b37fec4f5c704c741316db9 (MD5)A agroinformática, termo criado para referenciar a informática aplicada à agricultura, vem ganhando espaço e se organizando nesse novo processo de modernização da agricultura na tentativa de contribuir tanto no aumento da produtividade quanto da qualidade. A informática no ambiente agrícola se encontra presente em diversas propriedades rurais, tanto na área administrativa como na área de gestão proporcionando coordenação nas atividades, uma maior agilidade no fluxo de informações e redução de erros nas operações internas. Em função da crescente presença da informática na agricultura e da utilização de dispositivos de aquisição automática de dados no campo, a presente pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de um programa computacional, Ener Sys, desenvolvido com o objetivo de transformar dados meteorológicos no setor de agroenergia. A partir de um dispositivo automático de aquisição de dados (Campbell Scientific modelo CR23X), desenvolveu-se um sistema computacional para melhor classificar e visualizar os dados de uma forma rápida e simples para o profissional envolvido com as alterações meteorológicas da área sob estudo. O sistema proposto utilizou as seguintes tecnologias computacionais: a linguagem de programação Personal Home Page Hypertext Preprocessor e o banco de dados Firebird. Os resultados obtidos ao término da pesquisa apontam que a abordagem deste trabalho facilitou o acesso a informações armazenadas em grandes massas de dados. O 2 programa computacional desenvolvido, reuniu em uma base unificada, os dados coletados através de um sistema eletrônico de aquisição de dados e facilitou o processamento dos dados proporcionando ganhos na visualização das informações como temperatura (oC), umidade (%), velocidade do vento (m.s-2), direção do vento (graus), chuva (mm) e irradiância (horizontal e vertical).
The agro-informatics, term used as reference to the informatics applied to the agriculture, it has been gaining space and getting organized on this new process of agriculture modernization to try to contribute both to the productivity increase and quality. The informatics at the agricultural environment can be found in many rural properties both in the administrative area and management area, providing coordination in the activities, a better agility with the information flow and error cutback in the internal operations. Due to the growing presence of the informatics in the agriculture and the use of automatic data acquisition devices in the field, this study presents a computer program, Ener Sys, developed with the purpose of transform meteorological data in the agro sector. From an automatic device of data acquisition (Campbell Scientific model CR23X) it was developed a computer system to better classify and visualize the data on a fast and simple way to the professional involved with the study of meteorological variations in this area. The suggested system used the following computer technologies: the Personal Home Page Hypertext Preprocessor programming language and the database Firebird. The results obtained at the end of the research show that the approach of this study made easier the access to the information stored in large amounts of data. The computer program developed, put together in one base, the data collected through an electronic system of data acquisition and made easy the data processing providing a gain on the visualization of information such as temperature (oC), humidity (%), wind speed (m.s-2), wind direction (degrees), rain (mm) and irradiance (horizontal and vertical).
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Takahashi, Akira. "Construction of interatomic potentials using large sets of DFT calculations and linear regression method." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225594.
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Luchesi, Daniela. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional para tratamento de dados meteorológicos no setor de agroenergia /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90598.
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Orientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião GuerraBanca: Odivaldo José Seraphim
Banca: Carlos Roberto Pereira Padovani
Resumo: A agroinformática, termo criado para referenciar a informática aplicada à agricultura, vem ganhando espaço e se organizando nesse novo processo de modernização da agricultura na tentativa de contribuir tanto no aumento da produtividade quanto da qualidade. A informática no ambiente agrícola se encontra presente em diversas propriedades rurais, tanto na área administrativa como na área de gestão proporcionando coordenação nas atividades, uma maior agilidade no fluxo de informações e redução de erros nas operações internas. Em função da crescente presença da informática na agricultura e da utilização de dispositivos de aquisição automática de dados no campo, a presente pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de um programa computacional, Ener Sys, desenvolvido com o objetivo de transformar dados meteorológicos no setor de agroenergia. A partir de um dispositivo automático de aquisição de dados (Campbell Scientific modelo CR23X), desenvolveu-se um sistema computacional para melhor classificar e visualizar os dados de uma forma rápida e simples para o profissional envolvido com as alterações meteorológicas da área sob estudo. O sistema proposto utilizou as seguintes tecnologias computacionais: a linguagem de programação Personal Home Page Hypertext Preprocessor e o banco de dados Firebird. Os resultados obtidos ao término da pesquisa apontam que a abordagem deste trabalho facilitou o acesso a informações armazenadas em grandes massas de dados. O 2 programa computacional desenvolvido, reuniu em uma base unificada, os dados coletados através de um sistema eletrônico de aquisição de dados e facilitou o processamento dos dados proporcionando ganhos na visualização das informações como temperatura (oC), umidade (%), velocidade do vento (m.s-2), direção do vento (graus), chuva (mm) e irradiância (horizontal e vertical).
Abstract: The agro-informatics, term used as reference to the informatics applied to the agriculture, it has been gaining space and getting organized on this new process of agriculture modernization to try to contribute both to the productivity increase and quality. The informatics at the agricultural environment can be found in many rural properties both in the administrative area and management area, providing coordination in the activities, a better agility with the information flow and error cutback in the internal operations. Due to the growing presence of the informatics in the agriculture and the use of automatic data acquisition devices in the field, this study presents a computer program, Ener Sys, developed with the purpose of transform meteorological data in the agro sector. From an automatic device of data acquisition (Campbell Scientific model CR23X) it was developed a computer system to better classify and visualize the data on a fast and simple way to the professional involved with the study of meteorological variations in this area. The suggested system used the following computer technologies: the Personal Home Page Hypertext Preprocessor programming language and the database Firebird. The results obtained at the end of the research show that the approach of this study made easier the access to the information stored in large amounts of data. The computer program developed, put together in one base, the data collected through an electronic system of data acquisition and made easy the data processing providing a gain on the visualization of information such as temperature (oC), humidity (%), wind speed (m.s-2), wind direction (degrees), rain (mm) and irradiance (horizontal and vertical).
Mestre
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Petkov, Petromil. "Motivating domestic energy conservation through comparative feedback in mobile applications and social networking sites." Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66730/1/Masterarbeit_Petromil_Petkov.pdf.
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The progress of technology has led to the increased adoption of energy monitors among household energy consumers. While the monitors available on the market deliver real-time energy usage feedback to the consumer, the form of this data is usually unengaging and mundane. Moreover, it fails to address consumers with different motivations and needs to save and compare energy. This master‟s thesis project presents a study that seeks to inform design guidelines for differently motivated energy consumers. The focus of the research is on comparative feedback supported by a community of energy consumers. In particular, the discussed comparative feedback types are explanatory comparison, temporal self-comparison, norm comparison, one-on-one comparison and ranking, whereby the last three support exploring the potential of socialising energy-related feedback in social networking sites, such as Facebook. These feedback types were integrated in EnergyWiz – a mobile application that enables users to compare with their past performance, neighbours, contacts from social networking sites and other EnergyWiz users. The application was developed through a theory-driven approach and evaluated in personal, semi-structured interviews which provided insights on how motivation-related comparative feedback should be designed. It was also employed in expert focus group discussions which resulted in defining opportunities and challenges before mobile, social energy monitors.
The findings have unequivocally shown that users with different motivations to compare and to conserve energy have different preferences for comparative feedback types and design. It was established that one of the most influential factors determining design factors is the people users compare to.
In addition, the research found that even simple communication strategies in Facebook, such as wall posts and groups can contribute to engagement with energy conservation practices. The concept of mobility of the application was evaluated as positive since it provides place and time-independent access to the energy consumption data.
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Banionis, Mindaugas. "Rijndael simetrinio šifravimo algoritmo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110901_135849-39782.
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Šiuolaikinės technologis tobulėja labai sparčiai – itin greiti dedikuoti serveriai, didelio pralaidumo interneto kanalai, leidžia vis daugiau taikomųjų programų perkelti į virtualią erdvę, vadinamą „Debesų kompiuterija“. Šioje erdvėje vykstantys procesai užtikrina, kad visi viešinami kompiuteriniai resursai, pvz., programinė ir techninė įranga bei interneto srautas būtų optimaliai paskirstytas. Tai suteikia palankias sąlygas atsirasti naujoms paslaugoms: daugialypės informacijos transliavimas, dokumentų redagavimas internete ir pan. Tokio tipo paslaugos yra paremtos „plono kliento“ architektūra, kuri ypač svarbi mobiliesiems įrenginiams. Pagrindinis šios architektūros privalumas – taikomosios programos, kurioms reikia daug skaičiavimo išteklių, gali būti vykdomos serveriuose, o rezultatai pateikiami mobiliųjų įrenginių ekranuose. Faktas, jog programos nėra vykdomos mobiliajame įrenginyje, sumažina tikimybę, jog svarbi informacija bus užkrėsta virusų, kirmėlių.
Tarp daugelio egzistuojančių mobiliųjų įrenginių problemų, noriu išskirti dvi: energijos sąnaudos ir informacijos apsauga. Pirmoji problema egzistuoja dėl neadekvataus progreso tarp kompiuterinių resursų ir baterijos energijos talpos (pvz., procesoriaus sparta per kelis metus padidėja keletą kartų, tačiau baterijos energijos talpa padvigubinama tik kartą į dekadą). Antroji problema yra artymai susijusi su pirmąją. Šiandien žmonės nori dirbti įvairiose vietose, tad atsiranda grėsmė, jog mobilus įrenginys, įskaitant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Nowadays technologies are being improved rapidly – extremely fast dedicated servers, high internet and network throughput, enables more and more applications to be moved to a virtual space, which is called ‘Cloud computing’. Cloud computing is responsible that all shared computer resources, like Software, Hardware and Network would be allocated for services in optimal way. This feature enables to appear new services, like media streaming, documents editing online etc. This kind of services are based on ‘Thin client’ architecture, which is especially important for mobile devices. Main feature of this architecture is that applications which require many computations, now can be executed in dedicated servers and results can be displayed in mobile device screen. Fact, that aplication is not executed in mobile device environment decreases probability that important information will be infected by viruses, worms etc. However, between many existing problems with mobile devices there are two major which should be stated in the first place: energy consumption and information security. The first issue is due to inadequate progress of computational resources and battery energy power (e.g., CPU speed, memory capacity is being increased several times within a few years, while battery power doubles only in a decade). The second issue is closely related with the first one. Today people want to work anywhere, so there is abillity that mobile devices including important information could... [to full text]
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Vaitkus, Tadas. "Energetikos stochastinio programavimo uždavinio tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130729_152858-96103.
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Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti stochastinio programavimo energetikos uždavinį. Darbe tyrinėta Lietuvos energetikos struktūra, taip pat tyrinėti optimizavimo metodai. Sudarytas Lietuvos energetikos uždavinio modelis. Optimizavimo modelis realizuotas Java programa. Optimizavimo programoje panaudotos objektinio ir lygiagretaus programavimo paradigmos. Atlikti energetikos uždavinio parametrų tyrimai.Primary goal of this work was to research stochastic programming model of the energetic system. In this paper we also studied Lithuanian energetic sector structure and made Lithuanian energetic model. This model was realized in Java programming language. Created program is written using object-oriented and parallel programming paradigms. Also we researched different parameters influence on the model.
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Schlup, Michael. "Promoting sustainable energy systems through networks a framework for network design developed using the case of BASE (Basel Agency for Sustainable Energy) /." Lund, Sweden : International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, Lund University, 2001. http://www.iiiee.lu.se/information/library/publications/reports/2001/Michael-Schlup.pdf.
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Dičpinigaitis, Petras. "Delninukų energijos suvartojimo apdorojant išretintas matricas saugomas stulpeliais modeliavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080128_103036-96655.
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Kiekvienas mobilus įrenginys turi bateriją, o tai reiškia, kad jų darbo laikas ribotas, kadangi nėra išrasta ilgaamžė baterija. Todėl šiuo metu egzistuojanti problema - kaip pasiekti, kuo ilgesnį mobiliojo įrenginio darbo laiką, be papildomo pakrovimo. Darbo metu naudojamas mobilus įrenginys - delninukas. Iš visų delninuko baterijos energiją suvartojančių komponentų visas dėmesys skiriamas procesoriui ir atminčiai. Tyrimo metu buvo apkrautas procesorius ir atmintis ir stebimi atitinkami baterijos parametrai. Apkrovimui naudojama paprastų ir išretintų matricų saugomų stulpelių metodu daugyba. Išretintų matricų daugybos metu užimama mažiau atminties, o procesorius atlieka daugiau komandų lyginant su paprastu metodu, kuris užima daugiau atminties. Iš gautų rezultatų pamatėme, kad išretintų matricų saugomų stulpelių metodu daugyba yra daug efektyvesnė negu paprastų matricų daugyba. Todėl kuriant programas, kur reikia naudoti matricas geriau naudoti išretintų matricų stulpelių saugojimo metodo daugybą, kadangi galima sutrumpinti operacijos vykdymo laika, sunaudoti mažiau baterijos resursų ir sutaupyti atminties.Nowadays major problem is energy consumtion in portable devices which has a battery. In this job we have evaluated energy consumption for Pocket PC. We wanted to see memory and processor influence in battery energy consumption. We have created a program which can do matrix multiplication and sparse matrix „storage by columns“ multiplication. During multiplication program takes battery information and saves it into the file. After that I have investigated the result and saw, that sparse matrix storage by columns multiplication is much more effectived than normal matrix multiplication. Sparce matrix storage by columns multiplication take less memory and more processor commands then normal matrix multiplication. We suggest to use sparse matrix storage by columns model instead simple model, because you can save much more operation time, battery resources and memory.
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Raza, Usman. "From Energy Efficient to Energy Neutral Wireless Sensor Networks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368652.
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Energy autonomy for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a key to involve industry stakeholders willing to spend billions on the Internet of Things. By offering the lifetime of only a few years, traditional battery powered WSNs are neither practical nor profitable due to their high maintenance cost. Powering WSNs with energy harvesters can overcome this limitation and increase mean time-to-maintenance to tens of years. However, the primary challenge in realizing an energy neutral operation is to reduce the consumed energy drastically to match with the harvested energy. This dissertation proposes techniques to minimize the overhead of two main activities: communication and sampling. It does so by making a key observation: a plethora of applications can accept low accuracy of sensed phenomenon without sacrificing the application requirements. This fact enables us to reduce consumed energy by radically revising the network stack design, all the way from the application layer to underlying hardware. At the application layer, the relaxed requirements make it possible to propose techniques to reduce the data exchanges among the nodes, the most power hungry operation in WSNs. For example, we propose a simple yet efficient prediction based data collection technique called Derivative-Based Prediction (DBP) that enables data suppression up to 99%. With the remaining ultra-low application data rate, a full system-wide evaluation reveals that the dominating overhead of the lower layers greatly limits the gains enabled by DBP. A cross-layer optimization of the network stack is then designed specifically to strip off the unnecessary overhead to gain one order of magnitude longer lifetime. Although a huge saving in relative terms, the resulting power consumption is still much higher than tens of microwatts, the power usually achievable from a reasonably sized harvester deployed in an indoor environment. Therefore, we consider a novel combination of hardware components to further reduce power consumption. Our work demonstrates that using wake-up receivers along with DBP results in long idle periods with only rare occurrences of power hungry states such as radio transmissions and receptions. Low power modes, provided by various components of the underlying hardware platform, are adopted in the idle periods to conserve energy. In concrete real-world case studies, the lifetime is estimated to improve by two orders of magnitude. Thanks to the software and hardware features proposed above, the overall power consumption is reduced to a point where the sampling cost constitutes a significant portion of it. To reduce the cost of sampling, we introduce the concept of Model-based Sensing in which we push prediction based data collection as close as possible to the hardware sensing elements. This hardware-software co-design results in a system that consumes only a few microwatts, a point where even harvesters deployed in challenging indoor conditions can sustain the operation of nodes. This dissertation advances the state of art on energy efficient WSNs in several dimensions. First, it bridges the gap between theory and practice by providing the first ever system-wide evaluation of prediction based data collection in real-world WSNs. Second, new software based optimizations and novel hardware components are proposed that can deliver three orders of magnitude reduction in power consumption. Third, it provides tools to estimate the harvestable energy in real WSNs. By using these tools, the work highlights that the energy consumed by the proposed mechanisms is indeed lower than the energy harvested. By closing the gap between supply and demand of energy, the dissertation takes a concrete step in the direction of achieving completely energy neutral WSNs.
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Kanwal, Summrina. "Towards a novel medical diagnosis system for clinical decision support system applications." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25397.
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Clinical diagnosis of chronic disease is a vital and challenging research problem which requires intensive clinical practice guidelines in order to ensure consistent and efficient patient care. Conventional medical diagnosis systems inculcate certain limitations, like complex diagnosis processes, lack of expertise, lack of well described procedures for conducting diagnoses, low computing skills, and so on. Automated clinical decision support system (CDSS) can help physicians and radiologists to overcome these challenges by combining the competency of radiologists and physicians with the capabilities of computers. CDSS depend on many techniques from the fields of image acquisition, image processing, pattern recognition, machine learning as well as optimization for medical data analysis to produce efficient diagnoses. In this dissertation, we discuss the current challenges in designing an efficient CDSS as well as a number of the latest techniques (while identifying best practices for each stage of the framework) to meet these challenges by finding informative patterns in the medical dataset, analysing them and building a descriptive model of the object of interest and thus aiding in medical diagnosis. To meet these challenges, we propose an extension of conventional clinical decision support system framework, by incorporating artificial immune network (AIN) based hyper-parameter optimization as integral part of it. We applied the conventional as well as optimized CDSS on four case studies (most of them comprise medical images) for efficient medical diagnosis and compared the results. The first key contribution is the novel application of a local energy-based shape histogram (LESH) as the feature set for the recognition of abnormalities in mammograms. We investigated the implication of this technique for the mammogram datasets of the Mammographic Image Analysis Society and INbreast. In the evaluation, regions of interest were extracted from the mammograms, their LESH features were calculated, and they were fed to support vector machine (SVM) and echo state network (ESN) classifiers. In addition, the impact of selecting a subset of LESH features based on the classification performance was also observed and benchmarked against a state-of-the-art wavelet based feature extraction method. The second key contribution is to apply the LESH technique to detect lung cancer. The JSRT Digital Image Database of chest radiographs was selected for research experimentation. Prior to LESH feature extraction, we enhanced the radiograph images using a contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) approach. Selected state-of-the-art cognitive machine learning classifiers, namely the extreme learning machine (ELM), SVM and ESN, were then applied using the LESH extracted features to enable the efficient diagnosis of a correct medical state (the existence of benign or malignant cancer) in the x-ray images. Comparative simulation results, evaluated using the classification accuracy performance measure, were further benchmarked against state-of-the-art wavelet based features, and authenticated the distinct capability of our proposed framework for enhancing the diagnosis outcome. As the third contribution, this thesis presents a novel technique for detecting breast cancer in volumetric medical images based on a three-dimensional (3D) LESH model. It is a hybrid approach, and combines the 3D LESH feature extraction technique with machine learning classifiers to detect breast cancer from MRI images. The proposed system applies CLAHE to the MRI images before extracting the 3D LESH features. Furthermore, a selected subset of features is fed to a machine learning classifier, namely the SVM, ELM or ESN, to detect abnormalities and to distinguish between different stages of abnormality. The results indicate the high performance of the proposed system. When compared with the wavelet-based feature extraction technique, statistical analysis testifies to the significance of our proposed algorithm. The fourth contribution is a novel application of the (AIN) for optimizing machine learning classification algorithms as part of CDSS. We employed our proposed technique in conjunction with selected machine learning classifiers, namely the ELM, SVM and ESN, and validated it using the benchmark medical datasets of PIMA India diabetes and BUPA liver disorders, two-dimensional (2D) medical images, namely MIAS and INbreast and JSRT chest radiographs, as well as on the three-dimensional TCGA-BRCA breast MRI dataset. The results were investigated using the classification accuracy measure and the learning time. We also compared our methodology with the benchmarked multi-objective genetic algorithm (ES)-based optimization technique. The results authenticate the potential of the AIN optimised CDSS.
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Capaccioli, Andrea. "Participatory Design For Community Energy - Designing the Renewable Energy Commons." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367631.
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The energy sector is facing a major paradigm shift from centralised production and management to distributed energy generation and management. Digital technologies play a crucial role in enabling such scenario; emphasis and attention has been given to Smart Grids and new energy management systems both for final users and companies. Energy, its consumption, and its production are at the centre of our everyday lives and are connected to everyday practices and habits. However, while this scenario can be seen as mundane, new spaces can be created for citizens and communities to participate and be empowered. This thesis presents the work done by the author within a three-years European Project used as his main research field. The focal points were: (i) the participatory design process of a community energy digital platform; and (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of a commons based approach to renewable energy management on the development and empowerment of local communities. First will be presented how a participatory design process opens a new space for citizen participation to design as an alternative energy management model. Then will be presented the energy budgeting framework designed within this process, discussing how social acceptance of technology affected the design and how energy has been translated to a new kind of value within this framework. Afterwards, it will be discussed how the participatory process and the framework contributed to the construction-in-practice of energy justice, and how this process reconfigured the relationships among civil society, the energy sector, and politics. Finally, the whole three years project experience will be analysed retrospectively using the interaction spaces framework, highlighting how participatory configurations evolved over time and how cross-participation is crucial for the boundary-spanning of design issues. Therefore, concluding reflections will be drawn based on this content, they will consider lessons learned, limitations of the experience and possible future work to continue explore the relationship between energy, digital technologies and participatory design.
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Lin, Sharon Xiaowen. "Information transmission in energy futures markets." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7603/.
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Since the mid 1980s the world oil price discovery process has been dominated by two crude oil futures markets: the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and London's International Petroleum Exchange (IPE). To date considerable work has been done to scrutinize the degree to which these two markets price efficiently, but little with regard to the way the two markets interact. It is the first attempt, to our knowledge, to investigate the interaction of the two markets. Given that participants in these markets move with relative ease from one market to the other and usually take positions in both of them, prices of these two leading crudes are kept closely related to each other. It is of interest, therefore, to investigate the speed of information. transmission between IPE and NYMEX and, perhaps, identify which market is the true price leader. To carry out this empirical investigation, simultaneous and non-simultaneous trading sessions of IPE and NYMEX are examined separately. Interesting findingsare disclosed. Firstly, non-simultaneous trading sessions of IPE (IPE morning session) and NYMEX are analyzed with univariate and multivariate time series analysis respectively. In univariate analysis, spillover effects in mean returns are found in the IPE morning session from previous day NYMEX trading information, while no information transmission is found from IPE morning session to NYMEX same-day trading. In multivariate time series analysis with a larger data set, estimation using all data available suggests different results from that used in univariate analysis. However, closer analysis on sub-period estimation reveals consistent findings: the results from the first sub-period, which has the same observation data as in the univariate analysis, mirror those from univariate analysis; results from the second sub-period with extended data have a largely different behaviour from the first sub-period. It thus can be implied that the estimated results using all available information are averages of the behaviour of the two sub-periods. This changing behaviour from one sub-period to the next points to a possible structural break between the two sub-periods. Given that there are no significant political forces, such as "oil shocks", taking place during the period under investigation, the changing forces must be coming from the markets themselves. Secondly, the simultaneous trading session of IPE and NYMEX is examined to detect the temporal lead-lag relationship between the two futures markets using 5minute intervals. Results indicate a bi-directional relationship between the two, however the lead ofNYMEX futures is dominant within 5-minute intervals. Further analyses under major news effects both on the supply side and demand side reveal: (1) the two markets move closer when there are major US news events taking place, and IPE is more efficient in information incorporation when there are major news events both on the supply and the demand sides; (2) the lead ofNYMEX is stronger when there are major US events and that of IPE is stronger when there are major supply side events. Finally, intra-day trading activities of IPE are examined using the tick-by-tick transaction data. Empirical evidence from diurnal factor (intra-day seasonality), and from ACD model suggests that the patterns of IPE morning and afternoon durations are distinctively different from each other. These findings suggest that NYMEX has a large impact on IPE trading. Empirical findings in this thesis imply that NYMEX is a leader in the information incorporation process, but the extent of this leadership changes dynamically; under different news effects as well as different time periods. These results would impose significant challenges to regulators, in today's global market, to keep their market competitive as well as prudent. They should also benefit hedgers, who after taking into account their hedging implementation criteria such as liquidity, may be able to benefit from the faster information transmission ability of the leading market by directly taking hedging positions using the leading market contracts. The users most likely to benefit from the above findings are traders, who may be able to take arbitrage profits after taking into account trading costs, borrowing costs, etc.
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Norström, Johannes. "IT-utrustnings miljöeffektivitet : - En undersökning av Grön IT på Umeå Energi." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23994.
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The environmental issues have during the last decenniums gained an increased role in both the political arena and in the market economy. The society is therefore more knowledgeable about the environment and our impact on it. Through this enlightened state, stakeholders tend to put pressure on the organizations of today. They, more or less willingly, incorporate this responsibility to be a part of their business. Entrepreneurs in the environmental area have seen this rising market as an opportunity to gain market shares and other positive outcomes. Organizations can, not only take a responsibility for the environment but, make a profit out of such a commitment. IT has become known as one of the contributors to facilitate the environmental impact, but much is left to be done, as IT equipment is one of the contributors to the damaging effects throughout its entire lifecycle. The study was conducted at Umeå Energi and was aiming towards an examination of their IT equipment and its environmental efficiency. Therefore, following questions were asked in this thesis: How environmental efficient is the IT equipment and the using of it in the organization today? What effects can different equipment and behavior lead to? Because of the opportunity to make the environmental work into a positive outcome another question where raised as well: Can the equipment and the using of it be environmental efficient and at the same time mean less expenditure? The study focused on the equipment in itself and the using of it. This was made through measuring of equipment and later on through a questionnaire survey. The results was then added together and analyzed in three different scenarios to illustrate the energy consumption of the equipment with the relation to the using of it. The result showed that both the equipment and the personnel working at Umeå Energi tended to be environmental inefficient. This led to establishing of proposals for changes and further work in this area.
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Halilic, Jasmin, and Elin Magnusson. "INFLYTANDET AV CERTIFIERINGEN MILJÖBBYGGNAD INOM ENERGI FÖR NYBYGGNATIONER." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45412.
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Syfte: De globala växthusutsläppen är en stor fråga både för landet och världen. Därför måste man hitta alternativ samt lösningar till att producera förnyelsebar energi. En vision för förnyelsebar energi är att producera fastighetsnära förnybar energi. Målet med studien var att undersöka förnyelsebar energi för egenproducering i nybyggnationer med hänsyn till certifieringen för Miljöbyggnad för att bidra till en mer positiv utveckling i miljöarbetet. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ inriktad forskning. För att lyckas besvara frågeställningar samt uppnå studiens mål samlades data genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentanalys. Urvalet av respondenter baserades på yrkesroll på det valda företaget. De dokument som analyserat var en checklista och en intern handbok som finns i det samarbetande företaget samt dokument från Sweden Green Building Council som behandlar Miljöbyggnad. Resultat: Arbetet kring förnyelsebar energi är något som prioriteras trots den höga engångskostnaden, eftersom det finns en långsiktig lönsamhet. Kommunikationen är därför viktig under projekteringen men att det finns bristande faktorer i efterarbetet. Nödvändigtvis behöver man inte installera elproduktionsanläggningar i Miljöbyggnad då det endast är en del av kravet på Guld-nivå. Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv bör man ändå installera det vid nyproduktion och komplettera det med mätinstrument till anläggningarna för att följa upp resultatet. Konsekvenser: Den ekonomiska aspekten har en stor roll i projekteringen då det kan hindra hållbarhetslösningar. Därför är ekonomiska stöd inom energifrågor ett bra incitament för företag. Miljöbyggnad är sedan ett bra stöd i projektering för nyproduktioner eftersom en certifieringsprocess inte alltid är nödvändig. För att utveckla strukturarbetet bör kunskapsöverföring prioriteras mer. Begränsningar: Studien begränsas till Miljöbyggnad där enbart energiindikatorer har studerats. Fallstudien är begränsad till flerbostadshus för att minska studiens omfattning. De resultat och rekommendationer som presenteras är generellt giltiga för de företag som har liknande arbetssätt och rutiner.Purpose: Global greenhouse emissions are a major issue for both the country and the world. Therefore, one has to find alternatives and solutions to produce renewable energy. A vision for renewable energy is to produce property-related renewable energy. The aim of the study was to investigate renewable energy for self-production in new construction, taking into account the certification for Miljöbyggnad to contribute to a more positive development in environmental work. Method: The study is a qualitatively oriented research. To succeed in answering questions and attaining the objective of the study, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The selection of respondents was based on the professional role of the chosen company. The documents that were analyzed were a checklist and an internal manual available in the cooperating company as well as documents from the Sweden Green Building Council that deals with Miljöbyggnad. Findings: The work on renewable energy is something that is prioritized despite the high one-time cost, as there is long-term profitability. Communication is therefore important during the design process, but there is a lack of factors in the finishing work. You do not necessarily need to install electricity production facilities in Miljöbyggnad as it is only part of the requirement for the Gold level. From a sustainability perspective, one should nevertheless install it in new production and supplement it with measuring instruments for the plants in order to follow up the result. Implications: The economic aspect has a major role in the design as it can prevent sustainability solutions. Therefore, financial support in energy issues is a good incentive for companies. Miljöbyggnad is then a good support in project planning for new production since a certification process is not always necessary. To develop the employee work structure, knowledge transfer should be given more priority. Limitations: The study is limited to Miljöbyggnad where only energy indicators have been studied. The case study is limited to apartment buildings to reduce the scope of the study. The results and recommendations presented are generally valid for those companies that have similar working methods and routines.
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Bawaneh, Khaled. "Industrial facility nonprocess energy life cycle information." Diss., Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5131.
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In this study, published information on nonprocess energy use, which includes lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, humidity control, and particulate control, for industrial buildings has been analyzed and compiled and then represented in power intensity (W/ft2). More than thirty different sources of data related to industrial building energy use (covering about 82 buildings) were identified and analyzed. The overall objective of this research is to establish benchmark representative ranges (minimum, mean, medium, maximum) of nonprocess energy consumed by an industrial facility. That information will be used in life cycles of industrial products. The industrial manufacturing buildings were classified into six categories according to nonprocess energy use.
This research also investigated the climate zones influence on nonprocess energy use in industrial buildings. The hypothesis tested in this research is: if an industrial building has a characteristic nonprocess energy related to physical dimensions and desired comfort level, then using cooling degrees day (CDD) and heating degrees day (HDD) factors can normalize the measured nonprocess temperature control data for the climate zone differences. The mean, median, standard deviation and total nonprocess energies for current and zone-adjusted nonprocess energy for each facility in this study were calculated.
Finally, five industrial facilities were visited and the energy data for these facilities were collected. The nonprocess power intensity for the various nonprocess energy uses was calculated for each facility, based on the actual facility energy bills and measurements. Four separate analysis techniques were used to estimate the nonprocess energy for these facilities as a means to critically understand this information.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
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Thies, Philipp Rudolf. "Advancing reliability information for Wave Energy Converters." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4053.
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Marine renewable energy promises to provide a significant contribution to the future electricity supply. It is estimated that 17% of today's UK electricity demand could be generated from wave and tidal sources. The ambition to harvest this resource is in the public interest, as it eases the pressures on energy security, holds the potential to reduce carbon emissions and has the prospect to create a new UK industry sector worth £15 billion. From an engineering perspective, marine energy is one of the least developed renewable energy technologies and has to be regarded as unproven. The reliability of components and devices in the harsh marine environment is one of the main engineering challenges. Reliability assessments and the assurance of acceptable reliability levels are dependant on the adequacy of failure information, which is scantily available for marine energy. This thesis shows that large failure rate uncertainties impede the reliability assessment for wave energy converters and how a suite of experimental, numerical and statistical methods can be applied to improve scarcely available reliability information. The analysis of component load conditions identifies fatigue as failure mode of concern and the fatigue life of mooring lines and marine power cables is quantified in a floating wave energy application. A Bayesian statistical approach and dedicated service-simulation component testing is proposed, and implemented to improve the quality of reliability estimates and to provide relevant data and assurance. The methods presented, along with the results, will assist reliability assessment and design during early development stages, and will inform the prediction of maintenance requirements during operation. Reliable marine energy systems will be the technical enabler for the successful transition of prototype devices to a commercially viable marine energy industry.
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Selig, Marco. "Information theory based high energy photon imaging." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-178899.
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Erin, Cem 1974. "Energy-optimal information transmission over wireless channels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88894.
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Yuen, Yee Shan Cherry. "Congestion management and its implementation using information technologies." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248869.
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Gutiérrez-Alcaraz, Guillermo. "Information requirements for strategic decision-making energy market /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
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CATENA, MATTEO. "Energy efficiency in large scale information retrieval systems." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9645.
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Web search engines are large scale information retrieval systems, which provide easy
access to information on the Web. High performance query processing is fundamental
for the success of such systems. In fact, web search engines can receive billions
of queries per day. Additionally, the issuing users are often impatient and expect
sub-second response times to their queries (e.g., 500 ms). For such reasons, search
companies adopt distributed query processing strategies to cope with huge volumes
of incoming queries and to provide sub-second response times.
Web search engines perform distributed query processing on computer clusters
composed by thousands of computers and hosted in large data centers. While data
center facilities enable large-scale online services, they also raise economical and environmental concerns. Therefore, an important problem to address is how to reduce
the energy expenditure of data centers. Moreover, another problem to tackle is how
to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the negative impact of the data centers on
the environment.
A large part of the energy consumption of a data center could be accounted to
inefficiencies in its cooling and power supply systems. However, search companies already adopt state-of-the art techniques to reduce the energy wastage of such systems,
leaving little room for more improvements in those areas. Therefore, new approaches
are necessary to mitigate the environmental impact and the energy expenditure of
web search engines.One option is to reduce the energy consumption of computing resources to mitigate the energy expenditure and carbon footprint of a search company. In particular,
reducing the energy consumption of CPUs represents an attractive venue for web
search engines. Currently, CPU cores frequencies are typically managed by operating system components, called frequency governors. We propose to delegate the
CPU power management from the OS frequency governors to the query processing
application. Such search engine-specific governors can reduce up to 24% a server
power consumption, with only limited (but uncontrollable) drawbacks in the quality
of search results with respect to a system running at maximum CPU frequency.
Since users can hardly notice response times that are faster than their expectations
we advise that web search engine should not process queries faster than user expectations and, consequently, we propose the Predictive Energy Saving Online Scheduling
(PESOS) algorithm, to select the most appropriate CPU frequency to process a query
by its deadline, on a per-core basis. PESOS can reduce the CPU energy consumption of a query processing server from 24% up to 48% when compared to a high
performance system running at maximum CPU core frequency.
To reduce the carbon footprint of web search engines, another option consists in
using green energy to partially power their data centers. Stemming from these observations, we propose a new query forwarding algorithm that exploits both the green
energy sources available at different data centers and the differences in market energy
prices. The proposed solution maintains a high query throughput, while reducing by
up to 25% the energy operational costs of multi-center search engines.
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Fouquet, Roger. "Information for energy-related environmental policy : the role of disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844457/.
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Public concern about energy-related environmental damage has put pressure on governments to enhance abatement policies. This has in turn led to increasing demands for information about and analysis of expected and optimal levels of environmental quality, and the means of influencing these levels. Energy demand modelling can act as a valuable tool in the production of this information, particularly where it relates to future levels of environmental quality and to how policy intervention can alter constraints facing consumers in order to achieve desired levels. The thesis focuses on two features of energy demand analysis. First, major developments in dynamic econometrics, and in particular the cointegration approach, have enabled energy demand modellers to incorporate long run equilibrating relationships between energy use and its main determinants, such as economic activity and relative prices, within a dynamic framework. Second, the existence of a diverse market for energy both in terms of the fuels used and the users suggests that energy demand should be analysed at a disaggregated level. The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling can provide additional valuable information for the formulation of environmental policy. The core of the thesis takes the form of six separate papers: three review papers link dynamic energy demand modelling with environmental policy and three case study papers use disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling to examine aspects of future United Kingdom energy-related environmental quality and how it can be altered through changing the constraints facing consumers. While theory and traditional econometrics have provided useful information about energy consumption behaviour, the introduction of the cointegration approach and the error correction model are enabling economists to estimate more reliably the long run relationships between energy demand and its main determinants, and the gradual adjustment of consumers towards equilibrium consumption levels after a disequilibrating disturbance. This new information is giving a greater understanding of how to achieve desired future environmental quality levels. The heterogeneous nature of energy use, both in terms of the fuels used and their users, indicates that the accuracy of elasticity estimates and, thus, the quality of information they can provide for environmental policy might be improved through the disaggregation of dynamic energy demand modelling. Employing the cointegration approach and sectoral and fuel specific error correction models to generate estimates of income, three separate papers provide evidence in support of this argument. Individually, these papers provide information about sectoral and fuel specific elasticities, about how residential users alter their behaviour as economic constraints change and about how certain car users alter their fuel consumption patterns when provided with adverse environmental publicity about fuels. Together, these papers suggest that there exists considerable variation in income and real price elasticities between sectors and fuels, and that using the estimates generated by such disaggregated dynamic models will provide greater accuracy than aggregated and static models. These variations are of particular importance to environmental policy makers because of the difference in environmental impact associated with different fuels. The thesis, therefore, finds that, by generating more detailed and reliable elasticity estimates, disaggregated dynamic energy demand models provide new and valuable insights for the formulation of environmental policy. It concludes that disaggregated dynamic energy demand modelling will form an increasing share of the models used for environmental forecasts and policy analysis - although the overall interest in this area of research may shift as levels of certain energy-related environmental indicators improve (eg carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) and others worsen (eg volatile organic compounds and PM10). The thesis suggests that considerable refinements in energy demand modelling can be made, both in the methods used and in the focus of empirical studies, which will lead to further improvements in the formulation of environmental policy.
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Mondi, Jacopo. "Energy broker middleware for deeply embedded systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5091/.
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Herglotz, Christian [Verfasser]. "Energy Efficient Video Decoding / Christian Herglotz." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155058011/34.
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Murray, Malcolm Charles. "Semantic energy." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2012. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/semantic-energy(4bcea30e-b1a9-4a94-9d08-eb537036e835).html.
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Information technology plays an increasingly important part in representing, managing, and driving the field of sustainable energy. However, current paradigms for representing much of this information can be fragmented, singular, and extremely domain focused. Linkage with wider concepts, for example between energy supply and demand data, can be minimal. This dissertation investigates ways in which such data linkages can be expanded upon, applying the latest concepts of Semantic Web technology to the area. This dissertation examines the role of the Semantic Web in representing information relevant to sustainable energy, with a particular focus on energy policy, energy supply, and the demands of the built environment. An approach for representing such information is outlined in the dissertation, which introduces new ontologies for representing energy policy and building information data and methodologies for modelling such data. Existing ontologies for representing energy supply are discussed, as are common connections between these areas and a server platform for knowledge storage and presentation. Additionally, some focus is directed towards the usability and accessibility of such data and the implementation of proof of concept applications targeted at specific areas within sustainable energy are presented. Using the outlined approach, energy information can be interlinked to allow multilevel data navigation from international policy data, through energy infrastructure, to individual energy demands, and ultimately to extremely detailed building component levels of granularity. Such data can be interlinked into wider linked data initiatives, increasing usefulness and expanding the scope for increased analysis. The implications of the outlined approach are discussed and evaluated with regard to various identified use cases requiring different levels of data granularity, in addition to impact on the wider domain of information management. This dissertation demonstrates, at a proof of concept level, that Semantic Web technology can be of significant benefit across the domain of sustainable energy.
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Capacchione, Vito <1987>. "Optimal statistical designs for energy saving building remodeling." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4253.
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In this thesis I address the problem of energy consumption reduction in existing buildings, providing comfort levels for inhabitants. In the first part I will describe some aspects of the environmental problem related to energy consumption and will be presented some possible solutions suggested in literature.
The core of this work will be the application on a real case of study (a building composed by 3 offices) in which the mentioned objectives depend on a set of independent and control variables such as internal temperature, humidity, dimmerization and presence of people. In particular this research will find the best configurations of the control variables in order to reduce energy consumption, mantaining optimal comfort levels.
The approach that I adopted is based on a class of statistical predictive models and optimization algorithms.
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Shoukourian, Hayk [Verfasser], Arndt [Akademischer Betreuer] Bode, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kranzlmüller. "Adviser for Energy Consumption Management: Green Energy Conservation / Hayk Shoukourian. Gutachter: Dieter Kranzlmüller ; Arndt Bode. Betreuer: Arndt Bode." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075858259/34.
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Sengupta, Biswa. "Information encoding and energy consumption in single neuron models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610020.
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Bandeira, Jorge Filipe Marto. "Road traffic information platform for energy and emissions savings." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12075.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia MecânicaApesar das recentes inovações tecnológicas, o setor dos transportes continua a exercer impactes significativos sobre a economia e o ambiente. Com efeito, o sucesso na redução das emissões neste setor tem sido inferior ao desejável. Isto deve-se a diferentes fatores como a dispersão urbana e a existência de diversos obstáculos à penetração no mercado de tecnologias mais limpas. Consequentemente, a estratégia “Europa 2020” evidencia a necessidade de melhorar a eficiência no uso das atuais infraestruturas rodoviárias. Neste contexto, surge como principal objetivo deste trabalho, a melhoria da compreensão de como uma escolha de rota adequada pode contribuir para a redução de emissões sob diferentes circunstâncias espaciais e temporais. Simultaneamente, pretende-se avaliar diferentes estratégias de gestão de tráfego, nomeadamente o seu potencial ao nível do desempenho e da eficiência energética e ambiental. A integração de métodos empíricos e analíticos para avaliação do impacto de diferentes estratégias de otimização de tráfego nas emissões de CO2 e de poluentes locais constitui uma das principais contribuições deste trabalho. Esta tese divide-se em duas componentes principais. A primeira, predominantemente empírica, baseou-se na utilização de veículos equipados com um dispositivo GPS data logger para recolha de dados de dinâmica de circulação necessários ao cálculo de emissões. Foram percorridos aproximadamente 13200 km em várias rotas com escalas e características distintas: área urbana (Aveiro), área metropolitana (Hampton Roads, VA) e um corredor interurbano (Porto-Aveiro). A segunda parte, predominantemente analítica, baseou-se na aplicação de uma plataforma integrada de simulação de tráfego e emissões. Com base nesta plataforma, foram desenvolvidas funções de desempenho associadas a vários segmentos das redes estudadas, que por sua vez foram aplicadas em modelos de alocação de tráfego. Os resultados de ambas as perspetivas demonstraram que o consumo de combustível e emissões podem ser significativamente minimizados através de escolhas apropriadas de rota e sistemas avançados de gestão de tráfego. Empiricamente demonstrou-se que a seleção de uma rota adequada pode contribuir para uma redução significativa de emissões. Foram identificadas reduções potenciais de emissões de CO2 até 25% e de poluentes locais até 60%. Através da aplicação de modelos de tráfego demonstrou-se que é possível reduzir significativamente os custos ambientais relacionados com o tráfego (até 30%), através da alteração da distribuição dos fluxos ao longo de um corredor com quatro rotas alternativas. Contudo, apesar dos resultados positivos relativamente ao potencial para a redução de emissões com base em seleções de rotas adequadas, foram identificadas algumas situações de compromisso e/ou condicionantes que devem ser consideradas em futuros sistemas de eco navegação. Entre essas condicionantes importa salientar que: i) a minimização de diferentes poluentes pode implicar diferentes estratégias de navegação, ii) a minimização da emissão de poluentes, frequentemente envolve a escolha de rotas urbanas (em áreas densamente povoadas), iii) para níveis mais elevados de penetração de dispositivos de eco-navegação, os impactos ambientais em todo o sistema podem ser maiores do que se os condutores fossem orientados por dispositivos tradicionais focados na minimização do tempo de viagem. Com este trabalho demonstrou-se que as estratégias de gestão de tráfego com o intuito da minimização das emissões de CO2 são compatíveis com a minimização do tempo de viagem. Por outro lado, a minimização de poluentes locais pode levar a um aumento considerável do tempo de viagem. No entanto, dada a tendência de redução nos fatores de emissão dos poluentes locais, é expectável que estes objetivos contraditórios tendam a ser minimizados a médio prazo. Afigura-se um elevado potencial de aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida, seja através da utilização de dispositivos móveis, sistemas de comunicação entre infraestruturas e veículos e outros sistemas avançados de gestão de tráfego.
Despite recent technological innovations, transportation sector is still producing significant impacts on the economy and environment. In fact, the success in reducing transportation emissions has been lower than desirable due to several factors such as the urban sprawl and several barriers to the market penetration of cleaner technologies. Therefore, the “Europe 2020” strategy has emphasised the relevance of improving the efficiency in the transportation networks through the better use of the existing infrastructures. In this context, the main objective of this thesis is increasing the understanding of how proper route choices can contribute to reduce emissions output over different spatial and temporal contexts. Simultaneously, it is intended to evaluate the potential of different traffic management strategies in terms of traffic performance and energy/environmental efficiency. The integration of empirical and analytical methods to assess the impact of different traffic optimization strategies on CO2 emissions and local pollutants constitutes one the main contributions of this work. This thesis has been divided in two main parts. The first is predominantly empirical, using field data as the main source of information. Using GPS equipped vehicles, empirical data for approximately 13200 km of road coverage have been collected to estimate energy and emissions impacts of route choice in three different scenarios: a medium-sized urban area (Aveiro), a metropolitan area (Hampton Roads, VA) and an intercity corridor (Oporto-suburban area). The second part, predominantly analytical, is essentially based on the output of traffic simulators and optimization models. The analytical component was based on the capability of microscopic traffic models to generate detailed emissions information and to generate link-based performance functions. Then, different traffic management strategies were tested to evaluate road networks in terms of traffic performance and emissions. Both outcomes of the empirical and analytical approaches have demonstrated that fuel use and emissions impacts can also be significantly reduced through appropriate route choices and advanced traffic management systems. The empirical assessment of route choice impacts has shown that both during off peak and peak periods, the selection of an appropriate route can lead to significant emissions reduction. Depending on the location, potential emissions savings of CO2 up to 25% and local pollutants up to 60% were found. The analytical approach has demonstrated that it is possible to significantly reduce system environmental costs (30%) by modifying traffic flow distribution along a corridor with 4 alternative routes. However, despite the positive results in terms of the potential for emissions reduction based on appropriate route choices, a number of important trade-offs that need to be considered in future implementations of eco-routing systems. Among these trade-offs it is worth noting that: i) different pollutants may lead to different ecorouting strategies, ii) the minimization of pollutants emissions often involves choosing urban routes (densely populated), iii) for higher penetration levels of eco-routing devices considering local pollutants, system environmental impacts can be higher than if drivers were guided under the traditional devices focused on travel time. With this research, it has been demonstrated that road traffic management strategies focused on minimizing CO2 emissions and fuel consumption can be compatible with the minimization of system travel time. On the other hand the minimization of local pollutants may lead to considerable increases in travel time. However, given the trend rate of reduction in the emissions factors of local pollutants, it is expected that such trade-offs would tend to be minimized in medium term. Thus, the developed methodology has great potential for further real life application, either through the use of nomadic devices, infrastructures to vehicle communication or different advanced traffic management systems.
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Schall, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Energy Efficiency in Database Systems / Daniel Schall." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107151301X/34.
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Segerström, Rebecka. "Building a Water-Energy Nexus Modelling Tool for New York City : Development of a NYC WaterMARKAL model." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Globala energisystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-163114.
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Increasing demands for energy and water from a growing urban population challenges resource availability and infrastructure capacity in cities worldwide. Planning for infrastructure systems development to meet growing demands has traditionally been done separately, not regarding that these systems are in many aspects interlinked. New York City has well developed systems for supplying these basic needs, but they are among the oldest in the country and may not suffice the needs of a growing population. Meanwhile, ambitious city-planning documents recognize opportunities for holistic planning focused on resource efficiency and long-term sustainability. This thesis aims to develop a foundation for quantitative modelling of how water and energy consumption may be affected by political decisions in New York City. The MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) framework, commonly used to model long-term energy systems developments, is expanded to include the NYC’s water system. Relevant water system technologies are quantified with economic parameters, energy input and greenhouse gas emissions to give an as realistic as possible description of the entire water system. When combined with the existing MARKAL-model over NYC's energy system, the test runs of the model clearly shows impacts on energy consumption from water system regulations. These preliminary results are not applicable to support urban policy-making at this stage. However, with further development of the model as well as improvements in data quality it is perceived that this integrated water-energy model has the potential to become a powerful decision support tool for joint planning of water and energy systems developments in New York City. This Master thesis has been conducted in collaboration with the Energy Policy and Technology Analysis Group of the Sustainable Energy Technologies Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S.A.
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Dupont, Corentin. "Energy Adaptive Infrastructure for Sustainable Cloud Data Centres." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368481.
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With the raising concerns about the environment, the ICT equipments have been pointed out as a major and ever rising source of energy consumption and pollution. Among those ICT equipments, data centres play obviously a major role with the rise of the Cloud computing paradigm. In the recent years, researchers have focused on reducing the energy consumption of data centres. Furthermore, future environmentally friendly data centres are also expected to prioritize the usage of renewable energies over brown energies. However, managing the energy consumption within a data centre is challenging because data centres are complex facilities which supports a huge variety of hardware, computing styles and SLAs. Those may evolve through time as user requirements can change rapidly. Furthermore, differently from non-renewable energy sources, the availability of renewable energies is very volatile and time dependent: e.g. solar power is obtainable only during the day, and is subject to variations due to the meteorological conditions. The goal in this case is to shift the workload of running applications, according to the forecasted availability of the renewable energy. In this thesis we propose a flexible framework called Plug4Green able to reduce the energy consumption of a Cloud data centre. Plug4Green is based on the Constraint Programming paradigm, allowing it to take into account a great number of constraints regarding energy, hardware and SLAs in data centres. We also propose the concept of an energy adaptive software controller (EASC), able to augment the usage of renewable energies in data centres. The EASC supports two kind of applications: service-oriented and task-oriented applications; and two kind of computing environments: Infrastructure as a Service and Platform as a Service. We evaluated our solutions in several trials executed in the testbeds of Milan and Trento, Italy. Results show that Plug4Green was able to reduce the power consumption by 27% in the Milan trial, while the EASC was able to augment the renewable energy percentage by 7.07pp in the Trento trial.
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Kling, Peter [Verfasser]. "Energy-efficient scheduling algorithms / Peter Kling." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050192869/34.
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Yang, Sun. "Solar Energy Control System Design." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141489.
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This thesis covers design, simulation and implementation of a solar energy control system for an on grid energy storage device. The design covers several control methods such as energy balance control, operating mode switching and data exchange. A genetic algorithm was designed to optimize the control system parameters design, and the algorithm's simulation and real time operating system implementation showed comparable results. The control system was implemented to connect a power supply to the grid. The power supply simulated a solar panel and connected to an electrical grid via Energy Hub equipment, and the energy transfer characteristics of designed control system were tested. The results showed that the selected algorithm matches the target performance criteria.
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Mendonca, Costa Javier. "Context-Aware Machine to Machine Communications in Cellular Networks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143180.
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Cellular network based Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications have been growing rapidly in recent years, being used in a wide range of services such as security, metering, health, remote control, tracking and so on. A critical issue that needs to be considered in M2M communications is the energy efficiency, typically the machines are powered by batteries of low capacity and it is important to optimize the way the power is consumed. In search of better M2M systems, we propose a context-aware framework for M2M communications so the machine type communication (MTC) devices dynamically adapt their settings depending on a series of characteristics such as data reporting mode and quality of service (QoS) features so higher energy efficient is achieved, extending the operating lifetime of the M2M network. Simulations were performed with four commonly used M2M applications:home security, telehealth, climate and smart metering, achieving considerable energy savings and operating lifetime extension on the network. Thus, it is shown that contexts play an important role on the energy efficiency of a M2M system.
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Горобей, О. О. "Інформаційна технологія комп'ютерного моделювання мікроклімату у теплицях." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72186.
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Sparti, Steve. "Payback information : it's effect on home buyers regarding energy efficiency /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1343.pdf.
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Yang, Bo. "Function modeling based on interactions of mass, energy and information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62304.pdf.
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Owen, Robert. "The role of nutritional information in human energy intake regulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14557.
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Previous research has shown that over time, humans can develop learnt associations between the sensory profile of a food and the energy it contains. These associations are then used to guide appetite for the same food in future situations. However, whether more acute, explicit information relating to the nutritional content of food can also shape eating behaviours in non-dieting individuals remains undecided. Following a review of previous literature, several methodological questions were raised relating to the effectiveness and validity of experimental manipulations used in some previous studies. The main aim of this thesis is to re-assess whether nutritional information could influence eating behaviours when these factors have been taken into consideration. In two initial experiments designed to address these issues, an interesting association was observed between participants' initial expectations of a preload and their ability to compensate for covert manipulations of its energy content. In order to further investigate this association, measures were developed based upon psychophysical analysis to provide an alternative method of measuring expectancies of the satiating efficacy of a food. The use of this measure allowed a quantifiable measurement of a participant's expectancies towards a food, while lessening the risk that demand effects were contaminating results. The final experiments of this thesis then re-examined the earlier observation that expectations of foods could mediate the regulatory responses that ingesting the food creates. The observed results did not support the proposal that expectancies of a preload were mediating compensatory ability by prompting attention towards visceral cues. Instead, results suggested that enhanced compensation was observed when participants were provided with an unexpected deficit in energy intake, rather than an unexpected surplus. This introduces the concept that an individual's short-term compensatory ability may be partly determined by pre-existing expectations about the food they are eating. The implications of this finding with regard to dietary preloading paradigms are discussed, and the possibility that this mechanism could explain the poor compensatory ability often associated with liquid loads is explored.
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Wood, Georgina Irene. "Displaying energy information in intelligent homes : environment, behaviour and design." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/97.
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Taylor, Caroline. "Risk perception of nuclear energy and the effect of information." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342446.
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