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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy harvesting relays'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Ho-Van, Khuong, and Thiem Do-Dac. "Security Enhancement for Energy Harvesting Cognitive Networks with Relay Selection." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867148.

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Relay selection is proposed in this paper as an efficient solution to secure information transmission of secondary users against eavesdroppers in energy harvesting cognitive networks. The proposed relay selection method selects a secondary relay among available secondary relays, which are capable of harvesting radio frequency energy in signals of the secondary transmitter and correctly restore secondary message, to curtail signal-to-noise ratio at the wire-tapper. In order to evaluate the security performance of the suggested relay selection method, an exact intercept outage probability formula accounting for peak transmit power confinement, Rayleigh fading, and interference power confinement is firstly derived. Monte-Carlo simulations are then generated to corroborate the proposed formula. Numerous results expose that positions of relays, the number of relays, and parameters of the energy harvesting method significantly influence the security performance while the power confinements on secondary transmitters cause the performance saturation.

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2

Pan, Huifang, and Qi Zhu. "Energy-Efficient Power Allocation in Non-Linear Energy Harvesting Multiple Relay Systems." Algorithms 14, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14050155.

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In this paper, to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) in the two-hop multi-relay cooperative decoding and forwarding (DF) system for simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT), an optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed, in which the relay energy harvesting (EH) adopts a nonlinear model. Under the constraints, including energy causality, the minimum transmission quality of information and the total transmission power at the relays, an optimization problem is constructed to jointly optimize the transmit power and power-splitting (PS) ratios of multiple relays. Although this problem is a nonlinear fractional programming problem, an iterative algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal power allocation. In particular, the joint power allocation at multiple relays is first decoupled into a single relay power allocation, and then single-relay power allocation is performed by the Dinkelbach iteration algorithm, which can be proven that it is a convex programming problem. Its closed form solutions for different polylines of EH models are obtained by using mathematical methods, such as monotonicity, Lagrange multipliers, the KKT condition and the Cardan formula. The simulation results show the superiority of the power allocation algorithm proposed in this paper in terms of EE.

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3

Press, Rifqah, and Vipin Balyan. "Outage probability for a multiuser NOMA-based network using energy harvesting relays." Nonlinear Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2022-0240.

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Abstract This article evaluates the energy-harvesting capabilities of a multiuser non-orthogonal multiple access-based system, where energy harvesting relays utilise the power splitting relaying protocol to harvest energy and amplify-and-forward protocol to forward the signals to the connected users. The expressions for each user’s energy harvesting outage probability are calculated and compared to the same system model without energy harvesting. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the energy-harvesting relay nodes and the improved outage probability of each user.

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4

Ho-Van, Khuong, and Thiem Do-Dac. "Relay Selection for Security Improvement in Cognitive Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9921782.

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This paper selects an unlicensed relay among available self-powered relays to not only remain but also secure information transmission from an unlicensed source to an unlicensed destination. The relays harvest energy in signals of the unlicensed source and the licensed transmitter. Then, they spend the harvested energy for their relaying operation. Conditioned on the licensed outage restriction, the peak transmission power restriction, Rayleigh fading, and the licensed interference, the current paper proposes an exact closed-form formula of the secrecy outage probability to quickly evaluate the secrecy performance of the proposed relay selection method in cognitive radio networks with energy harvesting. The proposed formula is corroborated by computer simulations. Several results illustrate the effectiveness of the relay selection in securing information transmission. Additionally, the security capability is saturated at large peak transmission powers or large preset outage probabilities of licensed users. Furthermore, the security capability depends on many specifications among which the power splitting ratio, the relays’ positions, and the time switching ratio can be optimally selected to obtain the best security performance.

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Liu, Kang, Qi Zhu, and Ying Wang. "Outage Analysis and Power Allocation Optimization for Multiple Energy-Harvesting Relay System Using SWIPT." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (September 13, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7102427.

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Energy harvesting (EH) combined with cooperative relying plays a promising role in future wireless communication systems. We consider a wireless multiple EH relay system. All relays are assumed to be EH nodes with simultaneous wireless and information transfer (SWIPT) capabilities, which means the relays are wirelessly powered by harvesting energy from the received signal. Each EH node separates the input RF signal into two parts which are, respectively, for EH and information transmission using the power splitting (PS) protocol. In this paper, a closed-form outage probability expression is derived for the cooperative relaying system based on the characteristic function of the system’s probability density function (PDF) with only one relay. With the approximation of the outage probability expression, three optimization problems are built to minimize the outage probability under different constraints. We use the Lagrange method and Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition to solve the optimization problems to jointly optimize the relay’s PS factors and the transmit power. Numerical results show that our derived expression of the outage probability is accuracy and gives insights into the effect of various system parameters on the performance of protocols. Meanwhile, compared with the no optimal condition, our proposed optimization algorithms can all offer superior performance under different system constraints.

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6

Andrawes, Admoon, Rosdiadee Nordin, and Mahamod Ismail. "Wireless Energy Harvesting with Cooperative Relaying under the Best Relay Selection Scheme." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050892.

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One of the most notable challenges in wireless communications is energy scarcity, which has attracted considerable attention in Fifth Generation (5G) wireless network research. This paper investigates the performance of energy harvesting (EH) relays under the best relay selection (BRS) scheme. The results show degradation of spectral efficiency (SE) due to EH relaying compared with conventional cooperative relaying (CR). Conversely, EH relaying provides a positive gain compared with conventional CR, increasing the lifetime of the network and decreasing energy consumption (EC) and operational cost. Moreover, the EH relaying network has better energy efficiency (EE) compared with conventional relaying networks. Results show that when EH relaying is applied, EE is improved through an increased number of relays. Finally, the SE-EE metric is presented for both conventional and EH relays. Results show that the performance of the proposed technique was able to achieve a maximum SE of 1.4 bits/s/Hz and maximum EE at 0.6 bits/s/Hz, and for the case of conventional relays, a maximum SE of 2 bits/s/Hz and EE at 1.1 bits/s/Hz. This result implies that the proposed EH scheme provides an optimum solution for energy-constrained wireless CR systems.

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7

Liu, Kuang-Hao, and Te-Lin Kung. "Performance Improvement for RF Energy-Harvesting Relays via Relay Selection." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 66, no. 9 (September 2017): 8482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2692804.

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8

Messadi, Oussama, Aduwati Sali, Vahid Khodamoradi, Asem A. Salah, Gaofeng Pan, Shaiful J. Hashim, and Nor K. Noordin. "Optimal Relay Selection Scheme with Multiantenna Power Beacon for Wireless-Powered Cooperation Communication Networks." Sensors 21, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010147.

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Unlike the fixed power grid cooperative networks, which are mainly based on the reception reliability parameter while choosing the best relay, the wireless-powered cooperative communication network (WPCCN) and in addition to the reception reliability the transmission requirement consideration is important for relay selection schemes. Hence, enabling efficient transmission techniques that address high attenuation of radio frequency (RF) signals according to the distance without increasing the total transmission power is an open issue worth studying. In this relation, a multiantennas power beacon (PB) that assists wireless-powered cooperative communication network (PB-WPCCN) is studied in this paper. The communication between source and destination is achieved with the aid of multiple relays, where both the source and the multiple relays need to harvest energy from the PB in the first place to enable their transmission functionalities. A novel relay selection scheme is proposed, named as two-round relay selection (2-RRS), where a group of relays that successfully decode the source information is selected in the first round selection. In the second round, the optimal relay is selected to forward the recorded information to the destination. The proposed 2-RRS scheme is compared with two existing relay selection schemes, i.e., partial relay selection (PRS) and opportunistic relay selection (ORS). The analytical closed-form expressions of outage probability and average system throughput are derived and validated by numerical simulation. The comparison results between different relay selection schemes show: (I) The superiority of the proposed 2-RRS scheme as it achieves around 17% better throughput compared to the conventional ORS scheme and 40% better than the PRS scheme, particularly when PB transmit power is 10 dB; (II) The proposed 2-RRS scheme guarantees the lowest outage probability, especially when the PB is equipped with multiantennas and performs beamforming technique; (III) The optimal localisation of the PB between the source and N relays depends on the adopted relay selection scheme; (IV) The exhaustive search of the maximum system throughput value shows that the proposed 2-RRS scheme required shorter energy harvesting time compared to other schemes. The increase in energy harvesting time and number of relays do not necessarily reflect positively on the system throughput performance; hence tradeoffs should be taken into consideration.

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9

Lin, Ciao-Han, and Kuang-Hao Liu. "Relay Selection for Energy-Harvesting Relays With Finite Data Buffer and Energy Storage." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 11249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3053290.

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Van Nguyen, Minh-Sang, Dinh-Thuan Do, and Miroslav Voznak. "Improving Performance of Far Users in Cognitive Radio: Exploiting NOMA and Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112206.

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In this paper, we examine non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and relay selection strategy to benefit extra advantage from traditional cognitive radio (CR) relaying systems. The most important requirement to prolong lifetime of such network is employing energy harvesting in the relay to address network with limited power constraint. In particular, we study such energy harvesting CR-NOMA using amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme to improve performance far NOMA users. To further address such problem, two schemes are investigated in term of number of selected relays. To further examine system performance, the outage performance needs to be studied for such wireless powered CR-NOMA network over Rayleigh channels. The accurate expressions for the outage probability are derived to perform outage comparison of primary network and secondary network. The analytical results show clearly that position of these nodes, transmit signal to noise ratio (SNR) and power allocation coefficients result in varying outage performance. As main observation, performance gap between primary and secondary destination is decided by both power allocation factors and selection mode of single relay or multiple relays. Numerical studies were conducted to verify our derivations.

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11

Tran, Thanh-Nam, and Miroslav Voznak. "Switchable Coupled Relays Aid Massive Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Networks with Transmit Antenna Selection and Energy Harvesting." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041101.

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The article proposes a new switchable coupled relay model for massive MIMO-NOMA networks. The model equips a much greater number of antennas on the coupled relays to dramatically improve capacity and Energy Efficiency (EE). Each relay in a coupled relay is selected and delivered into a single transmission block to serve multiple devices. This paper also plots a new diagram of two transmission blocks which illustrates energy harvesting and signal processing. To optimize the system performance of a massive MIMO-NOMA network, i.e., Outage Probability (OP) and system throughput, this paper deploys a Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) protocol to select the best received signals from the pre-coding channel matrices. In addition, to achieve better EE, Simultaneously Wireless Information Power Transmit (SWIPT) is implemented. Specifically, this paper derives the novel theoretical analysis in closed-form expressions, i.e., OP, system throughput and EE from a massive MIMO-NOMA network aided by switchable coupled relays. The theoretical results obtained from the closed-form expressions show that a massive MIMO-NOMA network achieves better OP and greater capacity and expends less energy than the MIMO technique. Finally, independent Monte Carlo simulations verified the theoretical results.

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12

Ding, Haiyang, Daniel B. da Costa, Himal A. Suraweera, and Jianhua Ge. "Role Selection Cooperative Systems With Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 15, no. 6 (June 2016): 4218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2016.2536732.

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13

Qian, Li Ping, Guinian Feng, and Victor C. M. Leung. "Optimal Transmission Policies for Relay Communication Networks With Ambient Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, no. 12 (December 2016): 3754–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2621356.

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14

Amjad, Maliha, Ashfaq Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Awais, Waleed Ejaz, and Alagan Anpalagan. "Resource Management in Energy Harvesting Cooperative IoT Network under QoS Constraints." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 3560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103560.

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Cooperative communication with RF energy harvesting relays has emerged as a promising technique to improve the reliability, coverage, longevity and capacity of future IoT networks. An efficient relay assignment with proper power allocation and splitting is required to satisfy the network’s QoS requirements. This work considers the resource management problem in decode and forward relay based cooperative IoT network. A realistic mathematical model is proposed for joint user admission, relay assignment, power allocation and splitting ratio selection problem. The optimization problem is a mixed integer non-linear problem (MINLP) whose objective is to maximize the overall sum rate (bps) while satisfying the practical network constraints. Further, an outer approximation algorithm is adopted which provides epsilon-optimal solution to the problem with guaranteed convergence and reasonable complexity. Simulations of the proposed solution are carried out for various network scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that cooperative communication with diversity achieves a better admission of IoT users and increases not only their individual data rates but also the overall sum rate of an IoT network.

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15

Chaoui, Slim, Omar Alruwaili, Chafaa Hamrouni, Aarif Alutaybi, and Afif Masmoudi. "On the Performance of Coded Cooperative Communication with Multiple Energy-Harvesting Relays and Error-Prone Forwarding." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052910.

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In this paper, we consider a coded cooperative communication network with multiple energy-harvesting (EH) relays. In order to adequately address the problem of error propagation due to the erroneous decoding at the relays, as in the case of conventional decode and forward (DF) relaying protocol, we propose coded cooperative schemes with hard information relaying (HIR) and soft information relaying (SIR) strategies. The performance of the relayed communication with EH relay depends crucially on the channel decoding capability at the relay, channel gains at the source–relay and relay–destination links, and ultimately on the power-splitting ratio of the relay EH receiver. The exact closed-form expression for the outage probability performance of the coded cooperative scheme with HIR strategy and relay selection (CC-HIR-RS) is derived for both cases, namely for constant and optimal power-splitting ratios. Concerning the coded cooperative scheme with SIR strategy, a Rayleigh Gaussian log likelihood ratio-based model is used to describe the soft estimated symbols at the output of the relay soft encoder. Directives are provided to determine the model parameters, and, accordingly, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the equivalent one-hop relaying channel is derived. A closed-form expression for the outage probability performance of the proposed coded cooperative scheme with SIR and relay selection (CC-SIR-RS) is derived. In addition, a fuzzy logic-based power-splitting scheme in EH relay applying SIR is proposed. The fading coefficients of the source–relay and relay–destination links and distance between source and relay node are considered as input parameters of the fuzzy logic system to obtain an appropriate power-splitting ratio that leads to a quasi-optimal SNR of the equivalent end-to-end channel. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity of the analytical results, and a comparison between the performance of the CC-HIR-RS scheme with constant and optimized power-splitting ratios and that of the CC-SIR-RS scheme with constant and fuzzy logic-based power-splitting ratios is provided.

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16

Ghosh, Sayanti, Soumen Mondal, Sanjay Dhar Roy, and Sumit Kundu. "D2D communication with energy harvesting relays for disaster management." International Journal of Electronics 107, no. 8 (February 19, 2020): 1272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2020.1726488.

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17

Liu, Kuang-Hao. "Outage performance of relay selection with spatially random relays using RF energy harvesting." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 16, no. 10 (July 1, 2015): 1306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2605.

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18

Nguyen, Hoang-Sy, Lukas Sevcik, and Hoang-Phuong Van. "Performance Analysis on Low-Power Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensors Eco-Friendly Networks with a Novel Relay Selection Scheme." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131978.

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Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been utilized widely in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to design systems that can be sustained by harvesting energy from the surrounding areas. In this study, we investigated the performance of the low-power energy harvesting (LPEH) WSN. We equipped each relay with a battery that consisted of an on/off (1/0) decision scheme according to the Markov property. In this context, an optimal loop interference relay selection was proposed and investigated. Moreover, the crucial role of the log-normal distribution method in characterizing the LPEH WSN’s constraints was proven and emphasized. System performance was evaluated in terms of the overall ergodic outage probability (OP) both analytically and numerically with Monte Carlo simulation. The system had the lowest overall ergodic OP, thus, performed the best with an energy harvesting time switch of 0.175. Following the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the system without a direct link performed the worst. Furthermore, as more relays were deployed, the better the system performed. Finally, results showed that more than 80% of the data rates can be obtained under the household condition, without the need for extra bandwidth and power supply.

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19

Hoang, Tran Manh, Nguyen Le Van, Ba Cao Nguyen, and Le The Dung. "On the Performance of Energy Harvesting Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Relaying System with Imperfect Channel State Information over Rayleigh Fading Channels." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153327.

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In this paper, we propose a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) relaying system, where a source node communicates simultaneously with multiple users via the assistance of the best amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. The best relay is selected among N relays which are capable of harvesting the energy from radio frequency (RF) signals. We analyze the performance of the proposed NOMA relaying system in the conditions of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and Rayleigh fading by deriving the exact expressions of the outage probability (OP) and the approximate expression of the ergodic capacities of each user and the whole system. We also determine the optimal energy harvesting duration which minimizes the OP. Numerical results show that, for the same parameter settings, the performance of the proposed NOMA relaying system, especially the ergodic capacity of the whole system, outperforms that of the orthogonal-multiple-access (OMA) relaying system. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to validate the correctness of the analytical results.

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20

Thanh, Pham-Duy, Hiep Vu-Van, and Insoo Koo. "Efficient Channel Selection and Routing Algorithm for Multihop, Multichannel Cognitive Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting under Jamming Attacks." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7543212.

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We study jamming attacks in the physical layer of multihop cognitive radio networks (MHCRNs) where energy-constrained relays forward information from the source to the destination. Meanwhile, a jammer can transmit interfering signals on a channel such that all ongoing transmissions on this channel will be corrupted. In this paper, all jammers can attack only one of the predefined channels in each time slot. Moreover, they can randomly switch channels to start jamming another channel at the beginning of every time slot. The switching behavior is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution. Due to limited battery capacity in the relays, energy harvesting is utilized to solve the energy-constrained problem in the cognitive radio network. Subsequently, relays are able to harvest energy from non-radio frequency (non-RF) signals such as solar, wind, or temperature. In this paper, we determine the throughput/delay ratio as a key metric to evaluate the performance in MHCRNs. Owing to the limited battery capacity in the relays and the jamming problem, the source needs to select proper relays and channels for each data transmission frame to optimize overall network performance in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput, and energy efficiency. Therefore, we provide two novel multihop allocation schemes to maximize achievable end-to-end throughput while minimizing delay in the presence of jammers. Through simulation results, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes under multiple jamming attacks in MHCRNs.

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21

Furukawa, Junta, Teruyuki Miyajima, and Yoshiki Sugitani. "Wireless energy harvesting networks with multiple filter-and-forward relays." IEICE Communications Express 9, no. 6 (2020): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2020xbl0009.

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22

Singh, Supreet, Sudhakar Modem, and Shankar Prakriya. "Optimization of Cognitive Two-Way Networks With Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Communications Letters 21, no. 6 (June 2017): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2666152.

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23

Luo, Yaming, Jun Zhang, and Khaled B. Letaief. "Transmit Power Minimization for Wireless Networks With Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Transactions on Communications 64, no. 3 (March 2016): 987–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2016.2519418.

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24

Son, Pham Ngoc, and Hyung Yun Kong. "Cooperative communication with energy-harvesting relays under physical layer security." IET Communications 9, no. 17 (November 26, 2015): 2131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2015.0186.

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Medepally, Bhargav, and Neelesh B. Mehta. "Voluntary Energy Harvesting Relays and Selection in Cooperative Wireless Networks." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9, no. 11 (November 2010): 3543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2010.091510.100447.

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26

Nguyen, Tan, Phu Tran Tin, Duy Ha, Miroslav Voznak, Phuong Tran, Minh Tran, and Thanh-Long Nguyen. "Hybrid TSR–PSR Alternate Energy Harvesting Relay Network over Rician Fading Channels: Outage Probability and SER Analysis." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 3839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113839.

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In this research, we investigate a hybrid time-switching relay (TSR)–power-splitting relay (PSR) alternate energy harvesting (EH) relaying network over the Rician fading channels. For this purpose, the amplify-and-forward (AF) mode is considered for the alternative hybrid time TSR–PSR. The system model consists of one source, one destination and two alternative relays for signal transmission from the source to the destination. In the first step, the exact and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability and the symbol errors ratio (SER) are derived. Then, the influence of all system parameters on the system performance is investigated, and the Monte Carlo simulation verifies all results. Finally, the system performances of TSR–PSR, TSR, and PSR cases are compared in connection with all system parameters.

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27

Yao, Yanxin, Zhengwei Ni, Wanqiu Hu, and Mehul Motani. "Optimizing Energy Harvesting Decode-and-Forward Relays With Decoding Energy Costs and Energy Storage." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 96613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3092882.

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That, Phung Ton, Nhat-Tien Nguyen, Duy-Hung Ha, and Miroslav Voznak. "Throughput analysis of non-orthogonal multiple access and orthogonal multiple access assisted wireless energy harvesting K-hop relaying networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i1.pp522-530.

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<span>This study introduces the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique into the wireless energy harvesting K-hop relay network to increase throughput. The relays have no dedicated energy source and thus depend on energy harvested by wireless from a power beacon (PB). Recently, NOMA has been promoted as a technology with the potential to enhance connectivity, reduce latency, increase fairness amongst users, and raise spectral effectiveness compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) technology. For performance considerations, we derive exact throughput expressions for NOMA and OMA-assisted multi-hop relaying and compare the performance between the two. The obtained results are validated via Monte Carlo simulations.</span><br /><br /><br /><br />

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Nasir, Ali Arshad, Duy Trong Ngo, Xiangyun Zhou, Rodney A. Kennedy, and Salman Durrani. "Joint Resource Optimization for Multicell Networks With Wireless Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, no. 8 (August 2016): 6168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2472295.

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30

Moradian, Masoumeh, Farid Ashtiani, and Ying Jun Zhang. "Optimal Relaying in Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks With Wireless-Powered Relays." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 3, no. 4 (December 2019): 1072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2019.2932040.

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Tashman, Deemah H., Walaa Hamouda, and Jules M. Moualeu. "Overlay Cognitive Radio Networks Enabled Energy Harvesting With Random AF Relays." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 113035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3216308.

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32

Kim, Sungwook. "A New Twofold Bargaining Game Paradigm for Wireless Energy Harvesting Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (July 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8565467.

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Considering the characteristics of radio-frequency-based energy harvesting technology, a number of smart devices are assisted by energy-constrained relays, which need to harvest energy from the hybrid access point (HAP). To design a novel energy harvesting mechanism, we investigate the integration of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and wireless powered communication network (WPCN) for dual-hop wireless communications. In our proposed scheme, we design a twofold bargaining game paradigm to adaptively make control decisions for conflicting requirements. According to two different bargaining solutions, we reveal the conflicting relationship of energy harvesting and information transferring and develop two time sharing procedures. In a compact iterative manner, these procedures work together to maximize the dual-hop communication system performance. Through simulation results, we conduct a numerical analysis and prove that our twofold bargaining approach leads to a higher system performance compared with the existing state-of-the-art protocols.

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33

Sharma, Shashibhushan, Sanjay Dhar Roy, and Sumit Kundu. "Secrecy outage of a multi-relay cooperative communication network with accumulation of harvesting energy at relays." IET Communications 13, no. 18 (November 19, 2019): 2986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2019.0027.

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34

Benkhelifa, Fatma, Ahmed Sultan Salem, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. "Sum-Rate Enhancement in Multiuser MIMO Decode-and-Forward Relay Broadcasting Channel With Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, no. 12 (December 2016): 3675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2611878.

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35

Pan, Xiaowei, Jun Ma, Xiaodong Su, Peng Cao, Wenrui Chang, Zhenfeng Liu, Xinzheng Zhang, and Mei Li. "Structure of the maize photosystem I supercomplex with light-harvesting complexes I and II." Science 360, no. 6393 (June 7, 2018): 1109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat1156.

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Plants regulate photosynthetic light harvesting to maintain balanced energy flux into photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). Under light conditions favoring PSII excitation, the PSII antenna, light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), is phosphorylated and forms a supercomplex with PSI core and the PSI antenna, light-harvesting complex I (LHCI). Both LHCI and LHCII then transfer excitation energy to the PSI core. We report the structure of maize PSI-LHCI-LHCII solved by cryo–electron microscopy, revealing the recognition site between LHCII and PSI. The PSI subunits PsaN and PsaO are observed at the PSI-LHCI interface and the PSI-LHCII interface, respectively. Each subunit relays excitation to PSI core through a pair of chlorophyll molecules, thus revealing previously unseen paths for energy transfer between the antennas and the PSI core.

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Baljon, Mohammed, and Lian Zhao. "Resource Allocation for Wireless Networks with Energy Harvesting Constraints Over Fading Channels." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2016.20.

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This research work considers the utilize of energy harvesters, instead of conventional time-invariant energy sources, in wireless communication. For the purpose of exposition, we study the traditional two-hop communication system for delay limited (DL) and delay tolerant (DT) relaying networks over fading channels, in which the source node transmits with power drawn from energy harvesting (EH) sources and the relay transmits with conventional non-EH sources. We address the throughput maximization problem for the proposed system model for DL and DT cases. We find that the optimal power allocation algorithm for the single-hop communication system with EH constraints, namely, recursive geometric water-filling(RGWF), can be utilized as a guideline for the design of the two-hop system. We first introduce RGWF algorithm and we show the advantages of the geometric approach in eliminating the complexity of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition as well as providing a closed-form and exact solutions to the proposed problem. Based on the RGWF algorithm, we propose offline joint power allocation and transmission time scheduling schemes for DL relaying network and DT relaying network. We also propose efficient online resource allocation schemes for both relays’ cases. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated via simulation and the results demonstrate that a network with delay tolerant ability provides better performance in term of throughput.

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Guo, Qing, Kefeng Guo, Shugui Chang, and Hong Xue. "Performance Analysis of Energy Harvesting-based Multiple Antenna and Multiple Relays Networks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 495 (June 11, 2020): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/495/1/012005.

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Ashraf, Mateen, Ju Wook Jang, and Kyung-Geun Lee. "Outage Probability Analysis for Energy Harvesting Cooperative Relays in a Clustered Environment." Mobile Networks and Applications 23, no. 5 (January 26, 2017): 1208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0813-1.

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Liao, Keyun, Sai Zhao, Yusi Long, Gaofei Huang, and Dong Tang. "Distributed Beamforming Design for Nonregenerative Two-Way Relay Networks with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3519468.

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This paper considers the distributed beamforming design for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in two-way relay network, which consists of two sources, K relay nodes and one energy harvesting (EH) node. For such a network, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) is available, and we study two different beamforming design schemes. As the first scheme, we design the beamformer through minimization of the average mean squared error (MSE) subject to the total transmit power constraint at the relays and the energy harvesting constraint at the EH receiver. Due to the intractable expression of the objective function, an upper bound of MSE is derived via the approximation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the minimization of this upper bound, this problem can be turned into a convex feasibility semidefinite programming (SDP) and, therefore, can be efficiently solved using interior point method. To reduce the computational complexity, a suboptimal beamforming scheme is proposed in the second scheme, for which the optimization problem could be recast to the form of the Rayleigh–Ritz ratio and a closed-form solution is obtained. Numerical results are provided and analyzed to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed beamforming schemes.

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Gao, Hongyuan, Shibo Zhang, Yumeng Su, and Ming Diao. "Energy Harvesting and Information Transmission Mode Design for Cooperative EH-Abled IoT Applications in beyond 5G Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6136298.

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Energy harvesting (EH) technology is considered to be a promising approach to provide enough energy for energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we propose an energy harvesting and information transmission mode for the spectrum sharing system with cooperative EH-abled IoT applications in beyond 5G networks. Different from most existing IoT spectrum-sharing research studies, in our system, both primary user (PU) and IoT devices (IDs) collect energy for their information transmission. In addition, for all IDs, they should realize two communication functions: working as relays to help the information transfer process of PU and completing their own information transmission. We analytically derive exact expressions for the throughput of the primary system and IoT system and then formulate two objective functions. It is easy to see that power splitting ratio, dynamic EH ratio, power sharing ratio, and relay selection should be optimized to get the best performance for different communication circumstances. Actually, it is a hybrid NP-hard problem to optimize these parameters and traditional algorithms cannot solve it well. Therefore, a novel algorithm-quantum whale optimization algorithm (QWOA) is proposed to obtain the best performance. Simulation results show the good performance of QWOA in different simulation scenarios.

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Yuan, Ming, Chunhui Li, Sheng Zhang, and Yannan Xie. "An Automated Power Evaluation Workbench for Triboelectric Nanogenerators." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030444.

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Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have high potential in self-powered sensing and energy harvesting applications. In general, TENGs’ internal source resistance is high, and their output power varies under different load resistance values. Therefore, a resistance box is required to evaluate their energy harvesting performance and obtain the power curve under different load values. The load tuning process is usually performed by hand. This repetitive process is time-consuming and error-prone. Consequently, an Automated Power Evaluation Workbench (APEW) is developed, making the resistance switching and power measuring process program-controlled. The resistance value is resolved using the Octal decomposition principle. In addition, a resistance synthesis algorithm is proposed to alter the resistance value with a minimum step of 1 Ohm. The target resistance value is physically synthesized by relay switching, while digital lines control the relays. The proposed APEW is then evaluated experimentally, and the obtained results are compared with those of the traditional manual switching approach. It is deduced that the two power curves are almost identical. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed APEW will play a crucial role in TENG’s further development.

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Harvey, Pierre D., Christine Stern, Claude P. Gros, and Roger Guilard. "Through space singlet energy transfers in light-harvesting systems and cofacial bisporphyrin dyads." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 01 (January 2010): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610001702.

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Recent discoveries from our research groups on the photophysics of a few cofacial bisporphyrin dyads for through space singlet and triplet energy transfers raised several important investigations about the mechanism of energy transfers and energy migration in light-harvesting devices, notably LH II, in the heavily investigated purple photosynthetic bacteria. The key feature is that for face-to-face and slipped dyads with controlled structure using rigid spacers or spacers with limited flexibilities, our fastest rates for singlet energy transfer are in the 10 × 109 s -1 (i.e. 100 ps time scale) for donor-acceptor distances of ~3.5–3.6 Å. The time scale for energy transfers between different bacteriochlorophylls, notably B800*→B850, is in the ps despite the long Mg ⋯ Mg separation (~18 Å). This short rate drastically contrasts with the well-accepted Förster theory. This review focuses on the photophysical processes and dynamics in LH II and compares these parameters with our investigated model dyads build upon octa-etio-porphyrin chromophores and rigid and semi-rigid spacers. The recently discovered role of the rhodopin glucoside (carotenoid) will be analyzed as possible relay for energy transfers, including the possibility of uphill processes at room temperature. In this context the concept of energy migration may be complemented by parallel relays and uphill processes. It is also becoming more obvious that the irreversible electron transfer at the reaction center (electron transfer from the special pair to the phaeophytin) renders the rates for energy transfer and migration faster precluding all possibility of back transfers.

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Tran, Thanh-Nam, Van-Cuu Ho, Thoai Phu Vo, Khanh Ngo Nhu Tran, and Miroslav Voznak. "Design of Relay Switching to Combat an Eavesdropper in IoT-NOMA Wireless Networks." Future Internet 14, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14030071.

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The requirements of low latency, low cost, less energy consumption, high flexibility, high network capacity, and high data safety are crucial challenges for future Internet of Things (IoT) wireless networks. Motivated by these challenges, this study deals with a novel design of green-cooperative IoT network, which employed coupled relays consisting of one IoT relay selected for forwarding signals to multiple IoT devices while another IoT relay transmitted jamming signals to an eavesdropper. For flexibility, all IoT nodes were powered by solar energy enough to sustain themselves, in order to consume less energy. To reach low latency, the study adopted the emerging non-orthogonal multiple access technique to serve multiple IoT devices simultaneously. Furthermore, the study adopted the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technique which transmits wireless data for information processing and energy for energy harvesting. The study sketched a novel transmission block time period framework which plotted how a signal could travel via an individual IoT model. Maximizing the achievable bit-rate of IoT devices was considered to improve network capacity and data safety as well. Aiming at enhancing secrecy performance, a rest IoT relay played a role as a friendly jammer to transmit a jamming signal to an eavesdropper using energy harvested from the power splitting protocol. The results achieved in this study showed that the proposed model satisfied the requirements of future green IoT wireless networks. Derivatives leading to closed-form expressions are presented and verified by simulation results. The investigated results demonstrated that a friendly jammer based on radio frequency and energy harvesting strongly forces the intercept probability performance of the eavesdropper towards one, while outage probability performance of IoT devices towards zero showed that the signal to noise ratio tends to infinity.

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Nguyen, Thanh-Luan, Minh-Sang Van Nguyen, Dinh-Thuan Do, and Miroslav Voznak. "Enabling Non-Linear Energy Harvesting in Power Domain Based Multiple Access in Relaying Networks: Outage and Ergodic Capacity Performance Analysis." Electronics 8, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070817.

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The Power Domain-based Multiple Access (PDMA) scheme is considered as one kind of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in green communications and can support energy-limited devices by employing wireless power transfer. Such a technique is known as a lifetime-expanding solution for operations in future access policy, especially in the deployment of power-constrained relays for a three-node dual-hop system. In particular, PDMA and energy harvesting are considered as two communication concepts, which are jointly investigated in this paper. However, the dual-hop relaying network system is a popular model assuming an ideal linear energy harvesting circuit, as in recent works, while the practical system situation motivates us to concentrate on another protocol, namely non-linear energy harvesting. As important results, a closed-form formula of outage probability and ergodic capacity is studied under a practical non-linear energy harvesting model. To explore the optimal system performance in terms of outage probability and ergodic capacity, several main parameters including the energy harvesting coefficients, position allocation of each node, power allocation factors, and transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are jointly considered. To provide insights into the performance, the approximate expressions for the ergodic capacity are given. By matching analytical and Monte Carlo simulations, the correctness of this framework can be examined. With the observation of the simulation results, the figures also show that the performance of energy harvesting-aware PDMA systems under the proposed model can satisfy the requirements in real PDMA applications.

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Agarwal, Akash, Aditya K. Jagannatham, and Lajos Hanzo. "Finite Blocklength Non-Orthogonal Cooperative Communication Relying on SWIPT-Enabled Energy Harvesting Relays." IEEE Transactions on Communications 68, no. 6 (June 2020): 3326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.2976005.

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Baidas, Mohammed W., and Mohammad Reza Amini. "Resource allocation for NOMA-based multicast cognitive radio networks with energy-harvesting relays." Physical Communication 42 (October 2020): 101166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2020.101166.

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Sharma, Shashibhushan, Sanjay Dhar Roy, and Sumit Kundu. "Secure communication with energy harvesting multiple half-duplex DF relays assisted with jamming." Wireless Networks 26, no. 2 (October 22, 2018): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-018-1859-0.

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Jangsher, Sobia, Haojie Zhou, Victor O. K. Li, and Ka-Cheong Leung. "Joint Allocation of Resource Blocks, Power, and Energy-Harvesting Relays in Cellular Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33, no. 3 (March 2015): 482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2391916.

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Albaaj, Azhar, S. Vahab A. Makki, Qassem Alabkhat, and Abdulhamid Zahedi. "Simultaneous energy harvesting and information processing in wireless multiple relays with multiple antennas." International Journal of Electronics 104, no. 7 (March 2017): 1214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2017.1292557.

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Bolla, Sandhya, and Manwinder Singh. "Energy Harvesting Technique for Massive MIMO Wireless Communication Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2327, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2327/1/012059.

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Abstract Massive For wireless data and energy transfer, MIMO, a key component of future 5G systems, is favourable. A big part of the reason for this is that it has the ability to narrow down the distribution of energy. The scope of something enormous Multiple-Input in 5G, harvesting may be used to boost system capacity and efficiency via multiple-output multiple access. This was followed by the introduction of the Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) method, commonly known as energy harvesting optimization. Specific to each user’s needs, we connected a splitter on the receiver, and we measured their output using power beacons. In order to achieve the lowest possible communication rate, the user’s total gathered power is boosted. Simulations show that the proposed technique is more successful than the other options out there. There are two sources of energy for D2D transmitters: specialised beacon signals, and cellular users (CUs) radio frequency (RF) interference. In D2D transmitters, inverse power control techniques are used for power regulation. We employ Poisson Point Processes(PPP) to model the proposed hybrid network’s CU, D2D user (DU), and PB locations. Each slot in the time period is assigned a different beam forming weight. Using the alternating minimization technique, we provide a solution approach for a non-convex quadratic ally limited linear problem. Long-distance wireless power transmission requires the use of energy beam generation technologies in a large-scale MIMO system in order to make sure that the transmission is safe. In other words, this letter tries to maximise the energy efficiency of information transmission (bits per joule) while keeping the required quality of service (QoS), which is a delay constraint, in mind. This is done by maximising the transfer length and transmits power, among other things. In this case, we try to maximise the total amount of energy at the relays, use block diagonalization (BD) at the source, and try to minimise interference between the relay-destination channels. As a last step, we also run simulations of the power consumption of a generic circuit. As a supplement to this work, there are some basic online rules for all possible situations. Numerical results show that a near-optimal online technique can do the same job as its offline counterpart when the maximum power consumption of the circuit is taken into account.

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