Relevant bibliographies by topics / Energy expenditure

Academic literature on the topic 'Energy expenditure'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Energy expenditure"

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Wallace, Brian P., Gary A. Sforzo, and Thomas Swensen. "Energy Expenditure." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01189.

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Wallace, Brian P., Gary A. Sforzo, and Thomas Swensen. "Energy Expenditure." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01189.

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DeLany, James P., and Jennifer C. Lovejoy. "ENERGY EXPENDITURE." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70357-1.

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Schutz, Y., and E. Jéquier. "ENERGY EXPENDITURE." Lancet 327, no. 8472 (January 1986): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90753-1.

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Rothenberg, Elisabet M., Ingvar G. Bosaeus, Klaas R. Westerterp, and Bertil C. Steen. "Resting energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure and total energy expenditure at age 91–96 years." British Journal of Nutrition 84, no. 3 (September 2000): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500001598.

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There is a limited knowledge concerning energy requirements of the elderly, especially the oldest old (> 80 years). Energy requirements should be estimated from measurements of energy expenditure. For this purpose twenty-one free-living individuals (eight males, thirteen females) aged 91–96 years living in Göteborg, Sweden were studied. Total body water (TBW) measured by the doubly-labelled-water (DLW) technique was 29·5 (SD 5·4) KG IN FEMALES AND 35·6 (sd 4·3) kg in males. TBW measured using bioelectric impedance (BIA) was 31·6 (sd 6·4) kg in females and 42·0 (sd 7·4) kg in males. The mean difference between TBW measured by BIA and that measured by DLW was 3·54 (sd 3·6) kg (P = 0·0002). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using a ventilated-hood system and averaged 5·36 (sd 0·71) MJ/d in females (n 12) and 6·09 (sd 0·91) MJ/d in males (n 8). Difference between measured RMR and predicted BMR (n 20) was 0·015 (sd 0·86) MJ/d (NS). Total energy expenditure (TEE) measured by DLW averaged 6·3 (sd 0·81) MJ/d in females and 8·1 (sd 0·73) MJ/d in males. Activity energy expenditure (TEE - RMR), thus including diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), averaged 0·95 (sd 0·95) MJ/d in females (n 12) and 2·02 (sd 1·13) MJ/d in males. Physical activity level (TEE/BMR) averaged 1·19 (sd 0·19) in females and 1·36 (sd 0·21) (P = 0·08) in males. If DIT is assumed to be 10 % of the TEE, energy spent on physical activity will be very low in this population.
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OLOGBENLA, Patrick. "Determinants of Domestic Energy Expenditure in Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific and Management Research 05, no. 08 (2022): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37502/ijsmr.2022.5811.

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The study investigated the factors that determine domestic energy expenditures in Nigeria. The price of the premium motor spirit PMS was used as a proxy for the domestic energy expenditure while oil output, oil importance, inflation, and exchange rate are sed as other independent variables. The model was analyzed using the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag method and the result confirms the existence of the long-run relationship between domestic energy expenditures and the determinants. Findings from the studies underscore the importance of an increase in domestic output of oil and a reduction in the importation of oil as the main drivers of the expenditure on domestic energy in Nigeria. The remaining recommendation is that the Government of Nigeria should endeavor to increase the domestic production of refined oil in Nigeria and reduce the importation of fuel to reduce expenditure on domestic energy in Nigeria.
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Weissman, C., M. Kemper, J. Askanazi, A. I. Hyman, and J. M. Kinney. "RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE." Anesthesiology 65, Supplement 3A (September 1986): A87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198609001-00086.

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Ibáñez, J., and J. M. Raurich. "Estimating Energy Expenditure." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 16, no. 6 (November 1992): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148607192016006595a.

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Gough, Nancy R. "Boosting energy expenditure." Science Signaling 9, no. 438 (July 26, 2016): ec170-ec170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aah6238.

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Naon, Hillel, Shirley Hack, Michael T. Shelton, Richard C. Gotthoffer, and David Gozal. "Resting Energy Expenditure." Chest 103, no. 6 (June 1993): 1819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.103.6.1819.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy expenditure"

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Riou, Marie-Ève. "Energy Compensation Following Exercise-Induced Energy Expenditure." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31292.

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This thesis aims to determine energy compensation following exercise induced energy expenditure (ExEE). The specific objectives were: I) to determine the impact of the time spent performing physical activity (PA) of varying intensities on body weight and composition (Study 1); II) to determine the overall energy compensation and the major predictors of energy compensation through the systematic review approach (Study 2); III) to develop new methods to measure energy intake (EI) (Study 3) and time spent performing different activities (Study 4); IV) to determine the effects of a lower (LI) and higher intensity (HI) ExEE intervention on energy compensation (Study 5); and V) to investigate the inter-individual variability regarding exercise induced energy compensation (Study 6). In Study 1, women spending more time performing light-intensity PA were shown to have lower adiposity compared to women spending more time performing moderate- and high-intensity PA. Results from Study 2 (systematic review) show an overall energy compensation of 25% following exercise interventions and that fat mass (FM), exercise intensity and duration of the intervention are the main predictors of energy compensation. To better capture energy compensation (i.e., EI and EE), new methods to measure EI and time spent performing activities were developed (Studies 3 and 4) and used in the following studies. In Study 5, overweight/obese women training at HI displayed higher energy compensation when compared to women training at LI, which was accompanied by a reduction of NSPA (non-structured physical activity) and a greater amount of time spent lying down. Results from Study 6 showed that complete compensators (CC) had higher EI, fat and carbohydrate intake at the onset of the ExEE intervention when compared to incomplete compensators (IC). However, the results also showed that dietary disinhibition was increased, whereas NSPA was decreased at the end of the intervention in IC. Taken together, these studies emphasize that weight loss following exercise is impeded by energy compensation. In addition to the impact of FM, exercise intensity and duration of the intervention on energy compensation, NSPA and cognitive factors also seem to modify energy compensation that occurs as a result of exercise.
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Davies, Peter S. W. "Total energy expenditure in infancy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32808.

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This thesis is concerned primarily with the measurement of total energy expenditure in infancy. Until the advent and subsequent development of the doubly labelled water technique for the assessment of carbon dioxide production rate in "free-living" individuals measurements of total energy expenditure in infants and children were virtually impossible. Thus measurements of total energy expenditure using this relatively new technique are of burgeoning interest to nutritionists, clinicians and human biologists.
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Black, Alison E. "Dietary energy intake measurements : validations against energy expenditure." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322419.

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Croft, Louise. "Investigating energy expenditure in wheelchair athletes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9788.

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The increased participation in elite wheelchair sport has provided the need to investigate the physiological requirements of wheelchair sporting competition and daily wheelchair propulsion. However, from a nutritional perspective, guidelines that have been established from the able-bodied population tend to be used by the practitioners working in disability sport and it is not known whether this information is directly transferable to the wheelchair athlete. Wheelchair sport is complex and athletes differ with respect to their sports classification based on factors relating to disability and functional capacity. Therefore, if nutritional guidance is required to optimise performance then information regarding energy expenditure (EE) in the wheelchair sports population becomes important for specific feedback. The aim of this thesis was to investigate EE in wheelchair athletes. The results from Chapter 3 found resting energy expenditure (REE) in tetraplegic athletes to be lower than that calculated using predictive equations derived from an ablebodied cohort. However, paraplegic athletes showed comparable values to those which were predicted, suggesting these equations may be of use in paraplegic athletes. Chapter 4 extended this work and found similarities in the REE of the two aforementioned cohorts. This could have been due to the similarities that were found in their total-body fat free mass (FFM). The results from Chapter 5 showed EE reduced after both a short 36 minute exposure of wheelchair propulsion and after 3 weeks of wheelchair propulsion practice in novice wheelchair users. Temporal parameters improved after the practice period, suggesting there is an association between EE and propulsion technique. Chapter 6 extended these findings with results confirming that experienced wheelchair users expended significantly less energy during wheelchair propulsion than novice individuals who had up to 3 weeks practice. It is clear that EE of daily wheelchair ambulation should not be a generic value and different levels of experience must be considered so that the nutritional needs can be tailored accordingly. Chapters 7 and 8 examined the physiological demands of elite competitive wheelchair basketball players in relation to the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) classification categories and identified differences in the physiological demands and physiological fitness of wheelchair basketball and tennis players. These results found that IWBF Class 3 - 4.5 (high point) players expended more energy per hour during competition than those with a lower classification (IWBF Class 1 - 2.5). However, when actual playing time was considered the low classification group showed a similar EE to the higher classification group. Furthermore, wheelchair basketball players had a higher EE per hour than wheelchair tennis players during elite competition. However, the wheelchair tennis players spent a significantly longer duration on court resulting in similar EE during a typical competition within each sport. This suggests nutritional advice should be tailored both to the duration of competitive play (where EE may be similar between sports (basketball vs. tennis)); and to training (where athletes with a higher functional capacity may have higher EE). This thesis revealed several important physiological considerations to appreciate when investigating the EE of wheelchair sportsmen and women. Findings would suggest that type of disability, wheelchair propulsion experience and sport classification are all important considerations for the accurate assessment of EE in this cohort of athletes.
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Reiches, Meredith Wayden. "Female Adolescent Energy Expenditure in the Gambia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10031.

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Adolescence is a life history transition of individual and evolutionary importance: the body begins to allocate energy available above maintenance costs away from somatic growth and towards reproductive function. This study investigates how both distal, intergenerational effects and proximal, seasonal changes in energy availability impact the way adolescent female bodies allocate energy among linear growth, fat and lean mass, activity, and metabolic function. The research follows up on a prenatal supplementation study conducted by the British Medical Research Council in rural Gambia between 1989 and 1994. Pregnant women were randomized to receive daily supplements of 1015 kcal either from week 20 of pregnancy until delivery or during the first 20 weeks of lactation. The 67 adolescent daughters included in the follow up study were born to women in both groups during the rainy agricultural season, the period of the year associated with weight loss, poor perinatal outcomes, and high impact of the pregnancy supplement on birth weight. Anthropometry, body composition, daily saliva, weekly serum, and weekly fasting urine samples for C-peptide of insulin were collected during one month each in the 2009 rainy agricultural season, the 2010 dry harvest season, and the 2010 rainy agricultural season. Participant heart rates were calibrated to oxygen consumption each season, and 24-hr accelerometer and heart rate data were recorded to estimate free-living energy expenditure. It was found that pregnancy supplementation status did not predict infant or adolescent phenotype in the study sample. Maternal postpartum weight, however, was a powerful positive distal predictor of adolescent size. The daughters of heavier mothers produced less leptin per unit fat mass. Under conditions of high energy expenditure and low intake, adolescent women who were growing in height mobilized adipose stores and acquired lean mass, while developmentally older women maintained fat stores at the expense of lean mass. Married adolescents in the sample were older, had lower fasting C-peptide of insulin, had higher absolute energy expenditure, and spent more of their total energy budgets in activity than did unmarried peers.
Human Evolutionary Biology
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Brown, Joshua T. "The Energy Expenditure of Heavy Metal Drummers." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1647.

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The purpose of this investigation is to examine the energy demand of heavy metal drummers during rehearsal in order to understand the physiological responses. This information may lead to a better understanding of energy expenditure and add to the compendium of physical activity. The investigation consisted of eight apparently healthy 20 to 37-year-old males were recruited for this investigation. Information gathered during the drum test was average VO2, VO2peak, HR in beats per minute (bpm), metabolic equivalents (METs), and energy expenditure (EE) expressed in calories (kcals) per minute and per hour. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was used in addition to VO2 and HR values to assess physical demand. The Bruce Protocol maximal treadmill test was administered to compare the participants VO2max to their VO2peak while drumming. The EE during the 40-minute drum test was 387.05 + 83 kcals with an estimated hourly EE of 567.33 + 111.7 kcals. VO2, VO2peak, VE, and HR was 21.4 + 4.1 ml/kg/min, 33.9 + 8.1 ml/kg/min, 63.5 + 19 L/min, and 150.4 + 13.6 bpm respectively. The average MET level reached was six. RPE was 13.8 + 1.2 and is expressed as “somewhat hard” in difficulty according to the ACSM. Those categorized as having an average level of fitness reached 50-59% of their VO2max while the two individuals categorized as having an excellent level of fitness reached 42-45% of their VO2max. In conclusion, heavy metal drumming is a form of physical activity that is of moderate intensity and can be compared to other forms of recreational and work related physical activity.
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Meyer, Rosan Waldtraut. "Energy expenditure in the critically ill child." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498431.

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Kreshel, Leigh Anne. "Increasing energy expenditure of cardiac rehabilitation patients." Electronic thesis, 2002. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/175.

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Bross, Rachelle. "Fluoxetine and energy expenditure in obese humans subjected to energy restriction." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69699.

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I investigated the effects of continuous administration of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on energy expenditure, body temperature, and thyroid and catecholamine metabolism during weight reduction using a very low calorie diet (VLCD, Optifast, 1757 kJ/day) followed by a balanced deficit diet (BDD, 5016 kJ/day). Fluoxetine (60 mg/day by mouth, n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) were administered during 3 weeks of inpatient VLCD followed by 8 weeks of outpatient BDD in a double-blind, randomized design. A similar amount of weight was lost in both groups during the VLCD, but by the end of the BDD total weight loss in the fluoxetine group was significantly greater (11.0 $ pm$ 1.1 kg vs. 7.0 $ pm$ 1.0 kg, mean $ pm$ SEM, p $<$ 0.015). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) increased by 4.4 $ pm$ 1.8% (p $<$ 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but did not change in the placebo group during the first week of the VLCD, but subsequently decreased significantly in both groups as dieting continued. However, RMR remained consistently higher in the fluoxetine group for the duration of the VLCD period. No further change in RMR occurred in either group during the BDD period. The thermic effect of food did not change after VLC dieting plus fluoxetine or placebo treatment. Body temperature increased within 2 days of fluoxetine treatment by a mean of 0.3$ sp circ$C, p $<$ 0.025 and remained elevated throughout the VLCD but was unchanged in the placebo group. VLCD therapy reduced serum levels of T$ sb3$, free T$ sb3$ Index and 24-hour urinary excretion of dopamine, norepinephrine, metanephrine and normetanephrine equivalently in both groups. A thermogenic effect of fluoxetine is demonstrated in humans for the first time. The anorectic effect of fluoxetine may be related to its temperature elevating effect.
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Kirkwood, Demetrice. "The Effects of Playing Exergames on Energy Expenditure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1133.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the performance, ratings of perceived exertion, metabolic responses, and energy expenditure as individuals participated in interactive video game play. There were 14 participants that participated in the study, whose age was 20.1 ± 1.64 years of age. Participants completed a maximal aerobic test to exhaustion (VO2max test), and then 30 minute testing session on both the Kinect Adventures (K) and Wii Fit Plus game. Data were analyzed using a dependent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Energy expenditure and RPE were significant in both exergames interactive game play P=0.044 and P < 0.05, respectively. In addition, heart rate (P=0.001) and performance during exergame play P=0.00015 were of significance in the Xbox Kinect and Wii Fit Plus. In conclusion, we found that individuals participating on the exergame Xbox Kinect expends more calories and work at a higher intensity than the Wii Fit Plus, thus justifying an alternative way to participate in physical activity via exergames. As an alternative way to exercise, individuals can meet the daily requirements of energy expenditure of moderate intensity, which is 150-400 kcals.
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Books on the topic "Energy expenditure"

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S, Westerterp-Plantenga Margriet, Fredrix, Elisabeth W. H. M., and Steffens Anton B, eds. Food intake and energy expenditure. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

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Black, Alison E. Dietary energy intake measurements: Validations against energy expenditure. [S.l: The Author], 1999.

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1921-, Montoye Henry J., ed. Measuring physical activity and energy expenditure. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1996.

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Treasury, HM. The Government's expenditure plans within the energy sector. London: HMSO., 1991.

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S, Horton Edward, and Danforth Elliot, eds. Regulation of energy expenditure: Proceeding of a Satellite Meeting on the Regulation of Energy Expenditure, held in September and October 1983, Vermont, USA. London: Libbey, 1985.

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Bross, Rachelle. Tyrosine requirements and resting energy expenditure in patients with phenylketonuria. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.

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E, Danforth, and Horton Edward S, eds. Regulation of energy expenditure: Proceedings of a satellite meeting on the regulation of energy expenditure, held in September and October 1983 at Vermont, USA. London: Libbey, 1985.

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Boyce, Christine. Comparison of energy expenditure using the CSA accelerometer and two questionnaires. [s.l: The Author], 1997.

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Higgins, E. A. Operation Workload: A study of passenger energy expenditure during an emergency evacuation. Washington, D.C: Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Aviation Medicine, 1989.

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Whitehouse, D. A. An investigation into the energy expenditure and biomechanics of two sailing postures. Cardiff: S.G.I.H.E., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Energy expenditure"

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Cooley, Laura A., Daniel G. Bausch, Marija Stojkovic, Waldemar Hosch, Thomas Junghanss, Marija Stojkovic, Waldemar Hosch, et al. "Energy Expenditure." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 867. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3096.

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Energy Expenditure." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 290–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_65.

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Scott, Christopher B. "Aerobic Energy Expenditure." In A Primer for the Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 99–110. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-383-1_12.

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Scott, Christopher B. "Anaerobic Energy Expenditure." In A Primer for the Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 111–22. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-383-1_13.

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Böning, Dieter, Michael I. Lindinger, Damian M. Bailey, Istvan Berczi, Kameljit Kalsi, José González-Alonso, David J. Dyck, et al. "Anaerobic Energy Expenditure." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2085.

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Clausen, Torben, José Luis Trejo, Mark P. Mattson, Alexis M. Stranahan, Joanna Erion, Rosa Maria Bruno, Stefano Taddei, and Melinda M. Manore. "Net Energy Expenditure." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 633. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2745.

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Westerterp, Klaas R. "Measurement of Energy Expenditure." In Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, 101–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11748-1_4.

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Doyle, D. John. "Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)." In Computer Programs in Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 125–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3576-7_28.

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Westerterp, Klaas R. "Limits in Energy Expenditure." In Energy Balance in Motion, 37–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34627-9_3.

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Bruining, H. A., J. J. B. van Lanschot, and C. G. Vermeij. "Monitoring of Energy Expenditure." In Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, 176–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83737-1_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Energy expenditure"

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Lustrek, Mitja, Bozidara Cvetkovic, and Simon Kozina. "Energy expenditure estimation with wearable accelerometers." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271906.

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Altini, Marco, Julien Penders, and Oliver Amft. "Energy expenditure estimation using wearable sensors." In the conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2448096.2448097.

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Datta, Soumya Kanti, Christian Bonnet, and Navid Nikaein. "Minimizing energy expenditure in smart devices." In 2013 IEEE Conference on Information & Communication Technologies (ICT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cict.2013.6558187.

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Inderbitzen, Rebecca S., and James J. DeCarlis. "Energy Expenditure During Simulated EVA Workloads." In Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860921.

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Pande, Amit, Yunze Zeng, Aveek Das, Prasant Mohapatra, Sheridan Miyamoto, Edmund Seto, Erik K. Henricson, and Jay J. Han. "Accurate energy expenditure estimation using smartphone sensors." In the 4th Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2534088.2534099.

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Hay, Simon, Stamatina Th Rassia, and Alastair R. Beresford. "Estimating Personal Energy expenditure with location data." In 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2010.5470650.

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Meyers, M. A., D. J. Benson, and S. S. Shang. "Energy expenditure and limitations in shock consolidation." In High-pressure science and technology—1993. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.46069.

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Pande, Amit, Yunze Zeng, Aveek Das, Prasant Mohapatra, Sheridan Miyamoto, Edmund Seto, Erik Henricson, and Jay Han. "Energy Expenditure Estimation using Smartphone Body Sensors." In 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks. ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.bodynets.2013.253699.

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Paul, Heather. "Energy Expenditure During Extravehicular Activity Through Apollo." In 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3504.

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Jee Hyun Choi, Jeongwhan Lee, Hyun Tai Hwang, Jong Pal Kim, Jae Chan Park, and Kunsoo Shin. "Estimation of Activity Energy Expenditure: Accelerometer Approach." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1615295.

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Reports on the topic "Energy expenditure"

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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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2

Author, Not Given. Documentation for the State Energy Price and Expenditure Data System diskettes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6341425.

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3

Poyer, D. A. Energy consumption and expenditure projections by population group on the basis on the annual energy outlook 2000 forecast. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/925018.

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Poyer, D. A., and T. Allison. Energy consumption and expenditure projections by income quintile on the basis of the Annual Energy Outlook 1997 forecast. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663594.

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Poyer, D. A., and J. H. Balsley. Energy consumption and expenditure projections by population group on the basis of the annual energy outlook 1999 forecast. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750793.

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Morrison, W., and R. Mendelsohn. The impacts of climate change on energy: An aggregate expenditure model for the US. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656513.

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7

Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
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Goetz, Victoria, Miyo Yokota, Anthony J. Karis, and William J. Tharion. Metabolic Heal and Energy Expenditure Estimates of Border Patrol Personnel Obtained using the Factorial Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada528474.

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Santee, William R., Laurie A. Blanchard, Mark G. Small, Julio A. Gonzalez, and William T. Matthew. The Impact of Load and Grade on Energy Expenditure During Load Carriage, Part II: Field Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394170.

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Castellani, John W., Reed W. Hoyt, Andrew J. Young, James P. DeLany, and Richard R. Gonzalez. Core Temperature and Energy Expenditure During the Crucible Exercise at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada354030.

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