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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy efficiency'
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1
J., Azeez. "Energy Analysis of a 20W Solar Photovoltaic Module: A Review." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. I (2024): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90119.
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The solar photovoltaic (PV) system generates both electrical and thermal energy from solar radiation. In this paper, an attempt has been made for evaluating electrical output of solar PV panel installed at Ajat Instruments Nigeria Limited, Mokola, Ibadan, Nigeria. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy/power analysis was performed. The operating and electrical parameters of a PV array include PV module temperature, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, etc. were used. The reviewed formulas were used for the calculation of the energy/power efficiency of the PV system. Energy/power efficiency was calculated to be approximately 18%. Future studies should focus on modelling the efficiency of the solar panel. More investigation is required to define the optimum efficiency of the solar panel.
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Kryszkiewicz, Pawel, Pawel Sroka, Marcin Hoffmann, and Marcin Wachowiak. "Why Is White Noise Not Enough? Using Radio Front-End Models While Designing 6G PHY." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2023.170523.
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Each subsequent generation of wireless standards imposes stricter spectral and energy efficiency demands. So far, layered wireless transceiver architectures have been used, allowing for instance to separate channel decoding algorithms from the front-end design. Such an approach may need to be reconsidered in the upcoming 6G era. Especially hardware-originated distortions have to be taken into account while designing other layer algorithms, as high throughput and energy efficiency requirements will push these devices to their limits, revealing their non-linear characteristics. In such a context, this paper will shed some light on the new degrees of freedom enjoyed while cross-layer designing as well as controlling multicarrier and multiantenna transceivers in 6G systems.
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Shanthi, S. Anita, and K. G. Basavaraju. "Estimating the overall efficiency of storage batteries in Fermatean picture fuzzy environment." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340502028.
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Electricity storage devices play a very vital role in efficient energy management. Storage technologies vary depending on the specific needs and applications. Battery is a electric storage system which converts chemical energy into electrical energy and possess some specific parameters that characterize them. Here, four types of storage batteries are evaluated based on their efficiency, cost, life span and energy density properties using COPRAS and ARAS methods on Fermatean picture fuzzy sets. Firstly a decision matrix is constructed using Fermatean picture fuzzy sets and it is normalized. Entropy measure is defined which helps in calculation of weight values. Next aggregated weighted normalized Fermatean picture fuzzy matrix is found and using this relative significant and utility values are calculated in COPRAS method. In ARAS method optimal function values are determined and utility values are found. The alternatives are ranked based on the utility values. In both the methods it is found that the rank of the best alternative is the same whereas the ranking of other alternatives vary.
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Farhi, Lubna, Umme Laila, Afshaar Ahmed, Mishaal Ahmed, Manzar Ahmed, and Fahad Ahmad Siddiqui. "Application of Blockchain Technology in Energy Sector for Sustainable Future." VAWKUM Transactions on Computer Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtcs.v10i2.1268.
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In old energy control system, there was no freedom for users to sale or purchase energy with their own choice and rate because system was centralized and also there were many issues such as electricity theft cases and losses and burden of these losses directly inculdded in public bills. Now after the introduction of blockchain these issues has been resolved such as the blockchain technology give freedom to user to sale or purchase energy according to the own rate with secure transaction system. The conventional energy system with centralizedcontrol technique fails to resolve many issues such as freedom to user’s to sale or purchase energy in network in secure way and combination of blockchain and Microgrid has all feature to resolve all present isssues. In this paper, the blockchain technology features and application of blockchain with clean energy system will be investigate to provide cheap electricity to users by using Microgrid because Blockchain provide complete solutions for energy distribution and trading. In addition, somemajor present issues will be focus such as low efficiency, losses and ant algorithm model to distribute the energy in the network efficiently.
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Wagner, Hermann-Josef. "Introduction to wind energy systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818900005.
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This article presents the basic concepts of wind energy and deals with the physics and mechanics of operation. It describes the conversion of wind energy into the rotation of a turbine, and the critical parameters governing the efficiency of this conversion. After that it presents an overview of the various parts and component of windmills. The connection to the electrical grid, the world status of wind energy use for electricity production, the cost situation and research and development needs are further aspects which will be considered.
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Bakirov, Sergey, Sergey Eliseev, and Elena Ryzhova. "Evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Improvement of the Sprinkler Machine with an Accumulator Power Source." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 1, no. 42 (January 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-1-29-33.
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In all operating conditions, electrified sprinklers are provided with energy from a centralized source or a portable diesel generator. The energy efficiency of these power supply methods is characterized by losses of electricity during transmission. Battery power sources of sprinkler machines are used in rare cases, there are no such machines on the agricultural lands of the Volga region. If the battery power source is installed next to the electric drive on a support trolley, then there is no loss of electricity during transmission and there is the possibility of using renewable sources, the cost of electricity is close to zero. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in evaluating the increase in the energy efficiency of a sprinkler machine with a battery power source and renewable energy sources in comparison with traditional energy supply. (Materials and methods) Authors used theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge, namely mathematical analysis, systematic approach, literature analysis, observation. (Results and discussion) The power consumption of irrigation systems fed the cable line from the centralized grid will consist of the energy consumed by the actuators support trucks irrigation systems and the energy consumed for transmission. The increase in the energy efficiency of a sprinkler machine with a battery power source in comparison with a cable line consists in saving energy for transmission. Found that when comparing the line cable from the battery feeding method should take into account the losses in transmission of energy along the entire length of the construction of irrigation machines and energy loss during transmission from the transformer substation to the fixed support irrigation systems. (Conclusions) The energy loss along the length of the sprinkler machine logarithmically depends on the number of sections. In relation to the operating conditions of sprinklers in the Saratov region, it is possible to reduce energy consumption even without taking into account the starting modes from 0.20 to 2.01 percent for water distribution by circular sprinklers.
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Editorial team. "Editorial." Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/ejpfm.2021050100.
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Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials is an international journal published 4 numbers per year starting from October 2017. The aim of the journal is rapid publication of original articles and rewiews in the following areas: nuclear physics, high energy physics, radiation ecology, alternative energy (nuclear and hydrogen, photovoltaic, new energy sources, energy efficiency and energy saving, the energy sector impact on the environment), functional materials and related problems of high technologies.
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Dyussenov, К. М. "Some issues of energy efficiency of heat generators based on controlled cavitation processes." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 129, no. 4 (2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2019-129-4-35-41.
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Trunov, Stanislav S., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, Aleksey V. Khimenko, Aleksey V. Kuz’michev, and Nikolay G. Lamonov. "Use of Renewable Energy for Local Heating of Piglets." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-104-110.
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The analysis of technologies and technical means of creating a temperature regime in the piglet location zone, where two different temperature fields must be created in the cold season: one for breeding pigs, the other for suckling piglets. The article considers the question of the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes as a source of thermal energy in local heating installations for suckling piglets. (Research purpose) There are proposed the functional and technological scheme of the installation for local heating of young animals with the use of thermoelectric modules and heat pipes. (Materials and methods) In the developed scheme, the thermal energy of the hot circuit of thermoelectric modules is used to heat the site on which the piglets are located. (Results and discussion) The heat of the cold circuit of the thermoelectric module assimilates the thermal energy of the removed ventilation air. For the effective operation of a thermoelectric installation for local heating of piglets, it is necessary that the cooling circuit, which absorbs thermal energy from the environment, be involved in some technological process for heat removal, for example, the heated ventilation air being removed. This leads to a significant increase in the efficiency of thermoelectric modules. At the same time, the installation will operate in the heat pump mode, since the amount of heat released in the heat exchanger of the hot circuit of the thermoelectric assembly exceeds the amount of electricity consumed from the network. (Conclusions) The article presents the sample of a thermoelectric installation was developed and its laboratory tests. The article describes the energy efficiency of the use of thermoelectric modules as energy converters in thermal technological processes.
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GALITsKOV, S. Ya, and A. S. FADEEV. "ASSESSMENT OF DECREASE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON PRODUCTION EXPANDED CLAY WHEN USING ALGORITHM OF THE COORDINATED MANAGEMENT BY THE FURNACE." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.04.16.
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Presents the results of the analysis of efficiency of application of the harmonized automatic control modes of operation of the burner and the drive boot the rotary kiln for firing of expanded clay. On the example of the furnace size of 40 m, in which fired raw clay smushlaevsks Deposit, the possibility to reduce energy consumption for production of 1 m 3 of expanded clay 11-to 15 %.
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Kerimov, M. A., and D. V. Ivanov. "Bioenergy Model of Plant Raw Materials and Assessment of Feed Production Technologies." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 17, no. 1 (April 2, 2023): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2023-17-1-51-61.
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It is noted that the effectiveness of the technological processes in agriculture is usually evaluated according to economic, operational and relative criteria. Such an estimate often proves to be inaccurate for solving applied problems. The functioning of the biotechnical system "operator – feed – machine – animal" reveals this discrepancy to the highest extent. The paper confirms the necessity and relevance of a fact-based analysis of energy flows in the biotechnical system, as well as the energy flows interaction with each other and with the external environment. (Research purpose) To substantiate a methodological approach to assessing the fodder production efficiency based on a bioenergetic analysis of fodder production technologies. (Materials and methods) The research involves the comparative analysis of exchange energy accumulation by plants before harvesting and the parameters of its reduction in the plant raw materials, taking into account technological impacts. (Results and discussion) It is obtained that a one-megajoule input of mechanical energy in the cultivation of cereal-grass forage mixtures provides 121 megajoules of exchange energy. The exchange energy content in the cereal-grass forage mixture is calculated to be 44,850 megajoules per hectare (1950 megajoules per ton) while the specific mechanical energy consumption amounts to 370.6 megajoules per hectare (16.1 megajoules per ton) for the feed mixture cultivation. (Conclusions) It is established that the dynamics of energy accumulation during the vegetable raw material cultivation and the character of a decrease in its energy content during fodder preparation and storage have a sustainable common trend. The growth trend of energy accumulation is proved to have a linear character for both various types of fodder crops and the decrease in the feed energy content. Efficiency assessment criteria are proposed for the mechanical energy consumption during fodder crop cultivation, plant material processing and feed storage. A mathematical model is developed making it possible to study implicit variables in a complex system of accumulation and entropy of feed exchange energy, take optimal engineering decisions to justify and improve the technologies for feed cultivation, harvesting and preparation, as well as its effective use.
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Liu, Daojian, Hu Wang, Haifeng Liu, Zunqing Zheng, Yan Zhang, and Mingfa Yao. "Identification of factors affecting exergy destruction and engine efficiency of various classes of fuel." Energy 211 (November 2020): 118897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118897.
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Tikhomirov, Dmitriy, Stanislav Trunov, Aleksey Kuzmichev, and Nicolay Lamonov. "The Principle of Building an Energy-Saving Drying Plant Using Thermoelectricity." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 1, no. 42 (January 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-1-16-22.
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Most drying plants of small capacity for vegetables and fruits are convective without recirculation of the drying agent. Such dryers have a high energy consumption and cannot be attributed to energy-saving installations. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a functional and technological scheme of an energy-efficient thermoelectric dryer that provides a reduction in energy costs during the drying process while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product and increasing the drying efficiency. (Materials and methods) The methods of system analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of research on the development of energy-saving dryers, based on the provisions of the theory of drying, heat and mass transfer and thermoelectricity were used. (Results and discussion) The article presents the structural and functional-technological schemes of a convective condensation dryer with recirculation of the drying agent based on Peltier thermoelectric elements. The technological process and the principle of operation of a convective dryer of the condensation type with the use of a thermoelectric assembly operating in the heat pump mode were described. The article proposes a general method for calculating the heat and energy parameters of the dryer based on the heat balance equation. The thermal energy withdrawn by the hot circuit of the thermoelectric assembly, and directed to heating the cooled and drained air, exceeds the energy consumed from the electrical network. The uniform transverse blowing of the drying box with an air ensures uniform drying of the product. (Conclusions) When the drying box is cross-blown and the air flow is relatively fast, the moisture evaporation process is accelerated, the drying time is reduced and the drying quality is improved. It was revealed using preliminary technical and economic calculations that the proposed design provides a reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional dryers by up to 25 percent.
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Vylegzhanin, A., D. Ivanov, and M. Milyukova. "Renewable Energy in International Law: The Russian Perspective for Developing a Common BRICS Approach." BRICS Law Journal 10, no. 2 (August 8, 2023): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2023-10-2-5-36.
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The growing influence of renewable energy in the economy raises concerns about the need for perfecting the relevant international legal regime so as to satisfy all the stakeholders concerned. This article analyzes the relevant legal position of Russia as one of the largest exporters of energy-related products, while focusing on cooperation in this area as the BRICS Energy Prospects. The research reveals a number of findings: Russian Energy Policy has so far cautiously supported the promotion of renewable energy internationally in the context of energy efficiency and energy security; nevertheless, Russia has demonstrated a very restrained approach to the development of legally binding instruments on the matter. The authors conclude that it may be viable to find a reasonable “compromise of compromises” for the evolving international legal regime of renewable energy, and if this were to be accomplished, BRICS could assume a leading international position for the creation of such a regime.
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Novikov, Andrey A., Nikolay I. Grebenshchikov, Irina G. Ershova, and Aleksey N. Vasil’ev. "Influence of Microwave Radiation on the Freezing Rate of Water in a Heat Pump Installation." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-48-52.
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The article presents the data obtained as a result of an experiment to determine the effect of microwave radiation on the freezing rate of water in a heat pump installation are presented. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in experimentally evaluating the effect of microwave radiation on the speed of the water-ice phase transition to increase the efficiency of the heat pump unit by increasing the rate of water crystallization. (Materials and methods) The main criterion for conducting the experiment was the speed of the water-ice phase transition of ordinary water and water that passed through microwave radiation. The article presents an experimental installation for conducting experiments, consisting of a 90-liter freezer, a Danfoss TLES4F compressor with a cooling capacity of 91 Watts, a programmable Arduino controller with four connected sealed DS18B20 temperature sensors, a water tank made of food- grade plastic. The article presents the scheme of the experimental installation. The water was treated with microwave radiation for 12 seconds, the thickness of the water layer was 4-5 millimeters, and the power of the magnetron used was 750 Watts. (Results and discussion) There was conducted 20 experiments on obtaining thermal energy using the water-ice phase transition. Ten experiments with ordinary filtered water and ten experiments with water subjected to microwave radiation. (Conclusions) Water subjected to uniform microwave radiation cools to 0 degrees Celsius 23 minutes earlier than water that has passed only filtration, and performs a phase transition to a solid state 74 minutes faster. Microwave radiation can be used to increase the efficiency of a heat pump using the energy of the water-ice phase transition by accelerating the production of thermal energy from the heat carrier to the heat supply system.
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Sadiku, Matthew, Justin Foreman, Sarhan Musa, and Sheena Reeves. "INTERNET OF CITIES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i1.2019.340.
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The concept of smart cities has been gaining attention globally for the past decade. A smart city is one that makes a conscious effort to use smart technologies (such as IoT and CPS) to improve the quality of life of its residents. The Internet of cities is a global network of smart cities. Such a network has hundreds of member cities around the world that could benefit, improve the health of local populations, and collaborate in order to improve cost and energy efficiency of city operation. This paper presents a brief introduction to the Internet of cities.
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Brechko, Ya N., A. V. Cheplyansky, and N. M. Cheplyanskaya. "Production and economic indicators of potato cultivation: structural and dynamic changes and features at the global, subregional and national levels." Agrarian Economics, no. 7 (August 1, 2022): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/181-9806-2022-7-54-78.
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The article considers structural and dynamic changes and features of potato production at the global level and in the EAEU member states. The current state and trends of potato cultivation in the Republic of Belarus are studied. On the basis of a systematic analysis of the main production and economic indicators, the organizational, economic and technological factors of potato cultivation are identified and the thresholds for breakeven, simple and expanded reproduction are substantiated. The results of research make it possible to develop a set of measures to increase the efficiency of potato production in the republic, to reduce the energy, material and labor intensity of its cultivation.
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Murad, Ali, Laveet Kumar, Khanji Harijan, and Hallar Parhyar. "Thermal Modeling and Performance Investigation of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell." VFAST Transactions on Mathematics 11, no. 2 (November 18, 2023): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21015/vtm.v11i2.1640.
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Abstract This research paper presents analysis of heat generation problem in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell using COMSOL Multiphysics software. PEM fuel cells are widely recognized for their high electrical power output and environmental sustainability. However, in a PEM fuel cell around 50 to 60 % of energy generated from chemical reactions is dissipated as heat energy. To address this issue PEM fuel cell stack model is designed and thermal modeling is carried out to evaluate its performance. Based on thermal modeling of surface temperature distribution of cell it is found that the cathode side of PEM fuel cell is warmer and generates more heat as compared to other parts due to the exothermic reactions,slow reaction rate,joule heating effect and material properties.Moreover, it is also found that there is uniform temperature distribution across the cell due to rapid heat conduction from cathode side to the surface of the cell.The results of this study show that due to more heat generation on cathode side temperature will tend to increase.This increasing temperature enhancesthe average cell current density but as the average cell current density increases it reduces the average cell voltage thus declining the efficiency of PEM fuel cell. Hence ,there should be an optimal temperature range between 60 to 80°C for the better performance of a PEM fuel cell. Findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for understanding heat generation process in PEM fuel cell for the development of efficient and reliable fuel cell technology in future.
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Priyadarshi, Anupam, and Ram Chandra. "Bigger perturbations enhance higher trophic levels biomass, increase transfer efficiency and may sustain for bigger plankton biodiversity." ITM Web of Conferences 34 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203402009.
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Highly intermittent phytoplankton is ubiquitously observed when measurements are performed at micro-scale (< 1mm). The conventional way of plankton modelling is based on the mean-field approach in which only the first central-moment approximations is retained and ignored higher central moments). The conventional modeling approach may be suitable for mesoor bigger scale (km) but it is inappropriate for micro-scale (< 1mm) where observed overlap in the intermittent spatial distributions of predators and prey become more important for determining the flow of nutrients and energy up the food chain. A new modelling approach called closure modelling is developed to account intermittent phytoplankton using Reynold’s decomposition from turbulence theory and retaining higher central moment approximations in Taylor series. In this study, we developed a NPZD compartmental model to describe the interactions of nutrient (N), phytoplankton (P), zooplankton (Z) and detritus (D) using closure modelling which accounts mean and fluctuating parts of these plankton variables. The results obtained in NPZD compartmental model confirm that perturbation / heterogeneity supports higher trophic levels involved in the model. This reassured the earlier results observed in case of NP and NPZ models in which perturbations enhances P-biomass and Z-biomass respectively. It is observed that perturbation / heterogeneity and a statistical quantity called coefficient of variations of phytoplankton (CVp) (ratio of standard deviation and mean) are positively associated in plankton ecosystems. The perturbations / heterogeneity leads to higher transfer efficiency (Z-biomass/P-biomass) in plankton ecosystems. These results are robust i.e. independent of parameters choices. Perturbation / heterogeneity effects on community structure, species richness and may quantify the energy transfer along trophic levels through biological process from primary production to higher trophic levels. Based on our study, we hypothesize that the locations with high (CVp) are highly heterogeneous and have high transfer efficiency, while low (CVp) locations are less heterogeneous around Tokyo Bay.
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Imanaliyev, K. E., A. A. Jumabayev, U. S. Suleymenov, M. A. Kambarov, R. A. Ristavletov, and Kh A. Abshchenov. "The method of determining the thermal efficiency of solar energy-Active construction of the external cladding of building." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 123, no. 2 (2018): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2018-123-2-62-67.
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Kuz’michev, Aleksey V., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, Aleksey V. Khimenko, Nikolay G. Lamonov, and Stanislav S. Trunov. "Possible Directions in the Improvement of Small-Sized Household Drying Plants." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-9-14.
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The main problem that we have to face in agriculture is processing and storage of agricultural products. One of the most preferred processing methods is drying. The dried product is stored longer, while the requirements for storage conditions are more tolerant. Standard dryers are a sealed chamber where the dried product is located; they work in cycles: loading-drying-unloading. Such characteristics are well suited for small agricultural enterprises. Traditional drying methods, as a rule, involve large energy costs and take a long time. The development of highly efficient drying equipment is possible because of improving the technology and designs of devices that intensify heat and mass transfer, by creating combined dryers and optimal drying schemes, combining the drying process with other processes. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering rational methods of physically justified processes of high-intensity drying of agricultural products for the development of effective drying equipment. (Materials and methods) The description of heat and mass transfer processes allows you to choose a rational method; solve the problem of forecasting processes; determine the way to increase the efficiency of drying and equipment. (Results and discussion) The rate of moisture transfer in the material depends on the moving of moisture inside and the surface of the material to the drying agent. The value of the drying speed depends on the temperature, humidity and air speed, the dried air accelerates the drying process. (Conclusions) The magnitude and relative direction of the thermodynamic forces of moisture conductivity and thermal moisture conductivity determines the intensity of material dehydration. For a specific drying method, optimal technological modes of dehydration should be created, ensuring the production of high-quality materials. Closed-cycle devices with recirculation of the drying agent and heat energy recovery reduce the energy consumption for the process.
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Simili, Emanuele, Gordon Stewart, Samuel Skipsey, Dwayne Spiteri, Albert Borbely, and David Britton. "ARMing HEP for the future Energy Efficiency of WLCG sites (ARM vs. x86)." EPJ Web of Conferences 295 (2024): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429511007.
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We present a case for ARM chips as an alternative to standard x86 at WLCG sites to help reduce power consumption. New measurements are presented on the performance and energy consumption of two machines (one ARM and one x86), that were otherwise similar in specification and cost. The comparison was extended to a dual socket x86 node, representative of our site. These new results include the energy-efficiency and speed of singleand multithreaded jobs; the effect of hyper-threading; and an initial look at clock throttling as a way of shaping power-load. We observe significantly lower power consumption and often slightly better performance on the ARM machine and, noting the increased availability of ARM software builds from all LHC experiments and beyond, we plan to install a 2k-core ARM cluster at our WLCG Tier2 site at Glasgow in the summer of 2023. This will enable testing, physicsvalidation, and eventually an ARM production environment that will inform and influence other WLCG sites in the UK and worldwide.
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Boukrim, Mustapha, and Jilali Antari. "Flow Aggregation for Energy-Aware Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks Respecting QoS Provisions." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 31, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2020.138119.
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Emerging communication technologies are now leading developers to design IT systems taking into count their energy-related considerations. Much research performed in the area of ad-hoc wireless networks tends to distribute the flows over all nodes of the network, which increases the amount of energy consumed by each node and reduces longevity of the network. To overcome these problems, this paper seeks to aggregate a set of flows within a number of nodes that is as low as possible in order to be capable of routing those flows. This proposal allows to maximize the number of network nodes that may be turned off. The proposed solution was formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) problem using a set of energy and quality of service (QoS) constraints. This formulation minimizes the total energy consumed by the nodes to construct a topology network that is capable of meeting QoS requirement for a set flows inserted into the network. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed model, a performance-based comparison was conducted with another routing model. The simulation results show that the proposed model offers better performance in terms of global energy consumption and network load
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Agarkhed, Jayashree, Patil Yogita Dattatraya, and Siddarama R. Patil. "Differentiated Service Model-Supported Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 3 (September 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2020.139119.
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Wireless Sensor Network finds its extensive use in healthcare applications for the transfer of time-critical data through wireless connectivity. The primary cause of network failure is the transfer of time-critical multimedia data. The article presents a new differentiated service modelsupported (DSM) cluster-based routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that overcomes the above issue. DSM prioritizes the transfer of different flow types based on packet type and packet size. The employment of computational offloading minimizes delay for critical and small-sized data packets and by carrying out data reduction of large-sized packets at proxy server. It outperforms the existing protocols in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, and reliability by prioritizing the transfer of time-critical health application data
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Strebkov, Dmitriy S. "Study of Double-Sided Silicon Solar Cells and Modules." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-60-70.
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The first description of the photoelectric effect in a vertical p-n transition in a silicon crystal dates back to 1941. The development of solar photovoltaic energy began in 1954 after the development of a single-sided planar silicon solar cell in the USA, in which the p-n junction is located parallel to the working illuminated surface. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting an analytical review of the designs and electrophysical characteristics of double-sided solar cells and modules, justifying the leading role of Soviet and Russian scientists in its creation and assessing the prospects for the use of double-sided solar cells and modules in solar photovoltaic energy. (Materials and methods) The first double-sided planar solar cells made of silicon were developed in the USSR in 1969-1970 and were widely used for power supply of low-orbit spacecraft; the first double-sided matrix solar cells with a vertical p-n transition made of silicon were created in the USSR in 1967-1970 and were first used at the Venera-7 interplanetary station in 1970. (Results and discussion) As a result of studies of various types of double-sided matrix solar cells, the following limiting characteristics were obtained: voltage density is 100 volts per square centimeter; linear dependence of the current in the illumination range is up to 10 kilowatts per square centimeter; voltage of one module is of 1000 volts; efficiency at illumination of 10 kilowatts per square meter is of 25 percent; efficiency at monochromatic illumination of 950-1060 nanometers is of 36-42 percent; the maximum voltage of the solar battery is of 32 kilovolts. A global solar power system consisting of three solar power plants measuring 200 by 200 kilometers from double-sided solar modules installed in Australia, Africa and Latin America, and connected by an electric transmission line, will provide year-round and round-the-clock energy supply to the Earth in the amount of 26,000 terawatt-hours per year under the program of transition to carbon-free energy. (Conclusions) During the analysis of the design, manufacturing technologies and characteristics of silicon solar cells with one and two working surfaces, it was revealed that double-sided solar cells have the greatest prospects for development in the solar energy industry.
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Alemu, Dessale, Idris Shafi, and Tizazu Abza. "Synthesis, growth and characterization of magnesium chloride doped L-alanine cadmium chloride single crystal: For nonlinear optical application." East African Journal of Biophysical and Computational Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajbcs.v3i2.6s.
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The aim of this research was to synthesize and characterize pure and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) doped L–alanine cadmium chloride (LACC) single crystals. Pure and MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals were synthesized by solution method with slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of pure, 1 and 2 mol% MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals revealed monoclinic crystal structure with C2 space group. The optical properties of pure and MgCl2 doped LACC single crystals investigated by UV–VIS/NIR spectrometer confirmed that the crystals were transparent in the wavelength range of 230-1100 nm. The optical band gap energy of pure and doped LACC single crystals were found to have the same value of 5.4 eV. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated the incorporation of magnesium and chlorine atoms in LACC single crystal. The second harmonic generation efficiency of 1 and 2 mol% MgCl2 doped LACC crystals were analyzed by Kurtz-Perry powder technique and found to be 1.75 and 2 times greater than that of the standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal, respectively.
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Schuster, V. L., O. V. Tyukavkina, and V. V. Shelepov. "Improving the efficiency of processing the results of reservoir filtration studies and parameters when modeling complex oil reserves." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 2 (December 17, 2022): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2022-2-91-100.
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The issues of improving the efficiency of processing the results of studies of the filtration properties of reservoirs within the oil and gas producing areas of the central part of the West Siberian oil and gas province are considered. The high degree of development of the hydrocarbon resources of the studied territory is characterized by the presence of long-term developed deposits, which determines the solution of tasks aimed at increasing the success of the search for complex deep-lying reservoirs, the efficiency of their exploration and additional exploration, since the overlying productive horizons are practically developed. This task is one of the most important at the current stage of field development in this region, in the context of falling oil production at the main large fields, and has no unambiguous solution.This article covers the issues of reservoir modeling using new scientific and methodological approaches to the processing of geophysical data and the possibility of using modern software products when grouping development objects according to criteria corresponding to a reservoir of a certain lithotype. This approach allowed us to build high-quality geological models and justify the use of the most effective complex of geophysical studies for modeling low-amplitude (no more than 15 m) and small-sized (less than 20 km2) oil deposits. In the course of research: The results of the reservoir filtration properties were processed; low-amplitude and small-size sediments of channel sediments (river valleys) were established; the industrial oil and gas content of complex sediments characterized by low-amplitude and small-size sediments (Tyumen formation, object Ю2) was proved; The interpretation of geophysical studies of wells was carried out, the results were compared with the energy characteristics of the reflected waves (seismic studies), zones saturated with water-oil-gas fluid were established (3D models were built), and the possibility of using this technique for identifying and mapping complex deep oil deposits was shown.
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Abdullah, Ahmad Takiyuddin, Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus, and Shahrin Md Ayob. "Model predictive control using Euler method for switched-battery boost-multilevel inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1497-1508.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents the model predictive control (MPC) design using the backward Euler method for an 11-level switched-battery boost multilevel inverter (SBBMLI). The SBBMLI was proposed as the cost-effective solution for the communication power line in a high-speed rail (HSR) system. Initially, a generalized SBBMLI problem formulation was performed, and an open-loop simulation based on voltage and current mode controls was conducted. The finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) ability to track the reference sinusoidal output with low total harmonic distortion (THD) was then assessed as a performance criterion. Furthermore, the performance was assessed based on no-load and load disturbances. Finally, the results proved the ability of the proposed FCS-MPC to address non-linear dynamics, constraints, and its efficiency of implementation.</span>
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Craig, Jonathan. "The “Energy Transition”: myth or reality?" EPJ Web of Conferences 268 (2022): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226800004.
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Rapid technological advances across a variety of industries are enabling society’s quest for sustainability. The resulting “Energy Transition” is causing an unprecedented shift in how the world’s population consumes energy and natural resources, driven by a range of factors including decarbonisation, economics, access to energy, societal expectations around environment and climate, energy efficiency, political and regulatory forces and emerging technologies. The “Energy Transition” will occur at different speeds and shapes in different geographies, depending on local economic and societal pressures. World energy demand is continuing to rise, mainly in the emerging economies of India, China and Africa, driven by population growth and economic development. Many countries are trying to do the “right thing” for their population and their economy and are not necessarily driven by a desire to “save the planet”. Maximising income to fund important social and education programmes is often higher in the priorities of some governments than reducing carbon emissions. The energy transition is not as simple as doing what is right for the planet. Governments, businesses and people in fossil fuel producing regions have shown that they will protect their economies despite the threat of environmental harm. The fossil fuel era will not be over soon. Despite the rapid growth in the use of renewable energy resources, in all reasonable scenarios there will still be a need for oil, gas and coal for the foreseeable future —if we are to meet the social and economic expectations of the world’s growing population. The energy mix will certainly change as we try to reduce carbon emissions, but the speed and magnitude of that change will depend heavily on national economic priorities, political will and public opinion. How fast can we realistically move towards a low carbon future and still meet the world’s growing demand for energy? What are the key constraints on the rate of change? —and what role will geoscientist play in driving and delivering the new energy solutions? The “Energy Transition” is a huge responsibility, but also a huge opportunity, one in which we all have our part to play.
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Trunov, Stanislav S., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, Aleksey V. Khimenko, Aleksey V. Kuz’michev, and Nikolay G. Lamonov. "Thermoelectric Dryer for Vegetables and Fruits." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-3-8.
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In the conditions of medium and small agricultural enterprises, personal subsidiary farms, drying is the most acceptable and effective method of processing vegetables and fruits. It provides high efficiency of production, storage and transportation of finished products. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a scheme of a drying plant using a heat pipe and a thermoelectric heat pump used as a source of thermal energy. (Materials and methods) The article presents an analog of a drying plant. The disadvantages of a convective electric dryer are a long drying time of products (for example, apples for up to 6-8 hours), which entails an increase in electricity consumption by 15-20 percent compared to infrared or conductive methods, as well as the complexity of the design of this type of dryer. (Results and discussion) The article presents the technical task for the drying plant, which promotes reducing the drying time and energy costs while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product due to the use of a conductive method (less energy-intensive compared to a convective one). The main advantage of conductive drying is a significant intensity due to the high coefficient of heat transfer between the hot surface and the material, due to which it is quickly dehydrated. The proposed drying method is characterized by low energy consumption, comparative simplicity of design and low cost of equipment. (Conclusions) The joint work of the thermoelectric device and the heat pipe allows saving energy consumption from the electrical network during the drying of products while maintaining high quality indicators of the finished product. Energy savings are achieved through the utilization of the heat of the spent coolant.
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Ghannadiasl, Amin. "Quintic B-spline collocation method for numerical solution of free vibration of tapered Euler-Bernoulli beam on variable Winkler foundation." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 8193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.2.2021.18.0643.
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The collocation method is the method for the numerical solution of integral equations and partial and ordinary differential equations. The main idea of this method is to choose a number of points in the domain and a finite-dimensional space of candidate solutions. So, that solution satisfies the governing equation at the collocation points. The current paper involves developing, and a comprehensive, step-by step procedure for applying the collocation method to the numerical solution of free vibration of tapered Euler-Bernoulli beam. In this stusy, it is assumed the beam rested on variable Winkler foundation. The simplicity of this approximation method makes it an ideal candidate for computer implementation. Finally, the numerical examples are introduced to show efficiency and applicability of quintic B-spline collocation method. Numerical results are demonstrated that quintic B-spline collocation method is very competitive for numerical solution of frequency analysis of tapered beam on variable elastic foundation.
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Leverick, Graham, Yunguang Zhu, and Yang Shao-Horn. "(Invited) High-Rate and High-Efficiency Molten Salt Li-O2 and Na-O2 Batteries Enabled by Nitrate Redox." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-013769mtgabs.
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The decarbonization of the electrical grid requires advancements in affordable, long-term energy storage to address the intermittency of energy sources like solar and wind, while the continued decarbonization of the transportation sector necessitates advancements in energy dense storage devices such as batteries, with low cost and made from abundant materials. Alkali metal-oxygen batteries can provide greater specific energy than Li-ion batteries and can potentially lower cost by reducing reliance on late transition metals like nickel and cobalt. In this talk, we share our recent work on molten-salt Li-O2 1 and Na-O2 2 batteries operating at 150-170 °C which can deliver high areal energy (33 mWh/cm2 geo) and power densities (19 mW/cm2 geo), with high energy efficiency (~90% at 5 mA/cm2 geo). We show that nitrate redox plays a critical role in these batteries, where the apparent four-electron oxygen reduction to form Li2O in Li-O2 batteries is facilitated by the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and subsequent chemical oxidation of nitrite to nitrate by molecular oxygen. In Na-O2 batteries, on the other hand, Na2O is further oxidized by O2 to Na2O2 to give an apparent two-electron oxygen reduction rection. We demonstrate the role of transition metal oxide catalysts for reducing the overpotential of nitrate redox in the positive electrode, as well as strategies for enhancing the power density and specific energy of these molten-salt metal-oxygen batteries. References (1) Zhu, Y. G.; Leverick, G.; Giordano, L.; Feng, S.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, Y.; Tatara, R.; Lunger, J. R.; Shao-Horn, Y. Nitrate-Mediated Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction on Metal Oxides for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. Joule 2022, 6 (8), 1887–1903. (2) Zhu, Y. G.; Leverick, G.; Accogli, A.; Gordiz, K.; Zhang, Y.; Shao-Horn, Y. A High-Rate and High-Efficiency Molten-Salt Sodium–Oxygen Battery. Energy Env. Sci 2022, 15, 4636–4646.
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Yaro, Aprael S., Basma A. Abdul Majeed, and Elaf Q. Atiyah. "Synergistic Effect of Potassium Iodide on Inhibitive Performance of Propyl Alcohol during Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1.0M HCl." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.1.6.
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The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1.0M HCl by 1-propanol and the synergistic effect of potassium iodide (KI) was investigated using weight loss and polarization techniques in the temperature range (30 ‒ 50) ̊ C. A matrix of Doelhert to three factors was used as the experimental design, adopting weight loss results as it permits the use of the response surface methodology which exploited in determination of the synergistic effect as inhibition on the mild steel. The results were confirmed using electrochemical polarization measurements. Experimental results showed that the inhibition efficiency (IE%) increases with increase in concentration of inhibitor and with increasing of temperature. The addition iodide ions to alcohol (inhibitor) enhanced the inhibition efficiency due to synergistic effect. Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that the studied compound is mixed-type inhibitor causing blocking of active sites on the mild steel surface .The adsorption of the inhibitor and its combination with iodide ions on mild steel surface followed
Langmuir adsorption isotherm via physisorption mechanism, which was proposed based on values of adsorption Gibbs free energy difference ΔGads. Statistically, the multi-variable regression equation describes the behavior of the corrosion inhibition process with high accuracy (correlation coefficient R2 between 0.974 and 1).
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Dryga, V. "Seeds quality of the domestic millet (Panicum virgatum L.) depending on the scarification mode." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-35-41.
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The aim of the research is determination of millet seed scarification efficiency depending on the modes – the amount of seeds surface removal. Scarification implies mechanical damage to the solid seed coat surface and its partial removal is applied to increase the intensity of seed germination. Studies oo implying this method on the millet seeds of the rod-shaped millet have shown that the seeds germination energy and sprouting significantly increase. On average for 15 experiments, these indicators increased by 7 % compared to the control – without scarification. A comprehensive study of the effect of scarification and vegetation years on germination energy and seed germination revealed that both the vegetation years and scarification influence these parameters. The share of factors influence on the seeds germination showed that the "vegetation year" factor was the dominant and made 70.9 %, the impact of scarification factor made only 6.9 %. The seeds quality in both control and scarification variants varied significantly depending on the vegetation years of the millet. The highest germination energy and sprouting were in the seeds of the seventh year, the lowest – the fourth year of the crop vegetation. To investigate the impact of scarification on the seeds quality, a series of one-factor experiments were conducted in which the seeds of one batch were used. It is found that scarification with removing 2.8–8.8 % of the seed coat, provided a significant increase in seed germination compared to the control (without scarification). Removal of 8.8 % of the seed coat surface provided 9 % increase in germination energy and 6 % in sprouting increase; removal of 2.8 % of the surface provided germination energy increased by 11 % and sprouting increase by 8 %. The impact of the scarification factor on the germination energy and sprouting was significant and amounted to 50.0 and 84.0 %, respectively. The application of scarification of the millet seed provides a reliable increase in its germination energy and sprouting, but this method does not solve the problem of reducing the seeds biological dormancy, so it is advisable to continue the study on the nature of the seed dormancy in order to clarify tme possibility of managing this phenomenon and improve the technology of obtaining sufficient amount of high germination seeds. Key words: sprouting, germination energy, scarification, seed coat, seed mass.
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Vinogradov, Aleksandr, and Anatoliy Seyfullin. "Analysis of Regulatory Documents on the Creation and Operation of Intelligent Power Supply Systems for Rural Consumers." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 1, no. 42 (January 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-1-8-15.
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The construction of intelligent power supply systems for rural consumers (microgrids) is a promising concept for the development of the energy infrastructure of agricultural facilities. In the process of designing and operating micro-networks, a large number of technical, organizational and legal issues arise, the correct answer to which affects on the reliability, quality and efficiency of electricity supply to agricultural facilities. The analysis of the documentation regulating these processes is of particular relevance. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the documentation regulating the construction and operation of intelligent power supply microgrid systems for rural consumers. (Materials and methods) The article reviews regulatory documents in the field of regulation of the electric power industry, distributed generation facilities, renewable energy sources, and the functioning of retail electricity markets. Authors used the method of system analysis, methods of comparisons and analogies, and expert assessments. (Results and discussion) The article presents the issues of functioning of micro-networks of rural consumers as part of the power system, in retail electricity markets; implementation of technological connection and integration of micro- networks into distribution networks. Authors evaluated the regulatory and technical documents regulating the general technical requirements for the design and operation of micro-networks. Domestic and foreign standards for the connection and parallel operation of micro-networks with distribution networks as part of the power system and special documents on micro-networks has been studied. (Conclusions) The article proposes measures for the development of GOST R based on the European IEC TS 62898-1 «Microgrids», harmonized with the requirements of Russian standards, taking into account the features of the Russian electric power industry and agriculture. The article notes the need to make changes to the Russian network codes to ensure the integration of rural micro-networks. The measures of state support aimed at stimulating the spread of intelligent power supply systems for rural consumers were cited.
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Kuz’michev, Aleksey V., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, and Aleksey V. Khimenko. "Thermal Mode of Floor Power Plants in the Areas of Keeping Young Piglets." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-15-20.
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Agricultural enterprises include engineering systems for ensuring the vital activity of animals. The effectiveness of such systems is determined by creating the required conditions in places where animals are kept in interaction with external temperature parameters of the habitat. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in considering the physical model of the heat flows distribution in piglets' recreation areas, developing the structural diagram of the power equipment of local installations to maintain a given thermal mode. (Materials and methods) The state of the issue was studied using theoretical models for describing a comfortable thermal mode for young animals. The physical model of "animal-environment" heat transfer was presented. The article describes the boundaries of the area of heat flow change to create comfortable conditions for keeping piglets of different age groups. (Results and discussion) The contact method of heating piglets is characterized by high technological and energy efficiency. When the young animals are located on a surface heated to the required temperature, the outflow of heat from the animal's body to the floor is significantly reduced; hypothermia of vital organs is prevented. The normal vital activity of the animal is possible within a limited range of the surface temperature in their locations, the temperature factor is the key. Depending on the environmental conditions and the duration of the growing cycle, a certain level of thermal energy should be generated with a variable direction of the heat flow in the "animal-environment" thermodynamic system. (Conclusions) The article describes the necessity of developing fundamentally new technical means with a variable direction of heat flows. The article presents a structural scheme of local power equipment for maintaining a given thermal regime in the area of piglets with a variable heat flow in the "animal-environment" system. The results of the study serve as the basis for the design of operating modes of thermal power equipment, including using Peltier thermodynamic modules.
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Ivanov, N. M., A. M. Levin, and I. Ya Fedorenko. "Simulating Dynamics of Feed Grain Vibration Grinder." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 18, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-1-46-51.
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The paper notes the feasibility of a vibration-based method for feed grain grinding. However, preference should be placed on dynamic machine configurations that enhance energy efficiency and increase the overall structural reliability. In this regard, it is worth considering the vibration grinder proposed in Patent RU 2688424C1. (Research purpose) The study aims to improve the technical capabilities of feed grain vibration grinders through the utilization of self-synchronization effects in vibration exciters and anti-resonance in working components. (Materials and methods) The authors developed a mathematical model for the dynamics of the working bodies in this type of a grain vibration grinder, taking into consideration the design of these bodies and their interaction with the technological environment. (Results and discussion) The findings show that effective execution of the technological process requires counter-rotating unbalance shafts and fine-tuning the working bodies to operate in an anti-resonance mode. The experiment confirms stable self-synchronization of vibration exciters in the anti-resonance mode of the working bodies, although the phasing of the unbalance shafts deviates slightly from the theoretical 180-degree mark, measuring between 168 and 170 degrees. This deviation does not have an adverse impact on the grinding process. As a result, the initial hypothesis combining the effects of self-synchronization in vibration exciters and anti-resonance in working bodies has received both theoretical and experimental confirmation. (Conclusions) It has been established that effective implementation of the technological process necessitates the counter-rotation of unbalance shafts, resulting in the self-synchronization of vibration exciters, and adjustment of the working bodies to an anti-resonance mode.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Artificial-Intelligence and Machine-Learning Technique for Corrosion Mapping." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0122-0099-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202801, “Automated Corrosion Mapping AI and Machine Learning,” by Marc Majors and Travis Harrington, Occidental, and Eric Ferguson, Abyss Solutions, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The complete paper discusses risk reduction and increased fabric-maintenance (FM) efficiency using artificial-intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) algorithms to analyze full-facility imagery for atmospheric corrosion detection and classification. With this tool, a comprehensive and objective analysis of a facility’s health is achievable in a matter of weeks from the time of data collection. This application of AI and ML is a novel approach aimed at gaining a comprehensive understanding of facility-coating integrity and external corrosion threats. Introduction Atmospheric corrosion is the most-significant asset-integrity threat in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Offshore facilities require constant inspection and FM—and the significant financial obligation of these activities—to stay ahead of rapid equipment degradation. In general, regulatory codes in the GOM require a visual inspection of pressure equipment and piping on a 5-year frequency at minimum. A common approach is to inspect 20% of the facility per year, with a rolling 5-year inspection plan, to balance the inspection work through time. As a result, in a 5-year inspection cycle, the owner or operator of the facility will not see the condition of the piping or equipment for the 4 years between inspection cycles. Considering the complexity, high areas, overwater, and other difficult-to-inspect areas, gathering data for inspection can be costly and time-consuming and can yield a variable quality of results. An effective asset-integrity program requires full visibility of asset and equipment condition. Prioritizing areas for nondestructive examination (NDE) on high-consequence equipment and piping allows for effective risk reduction and FM planning. To that end, AI and ML are being harnessed to detect, classify, quantify, and report the condition of piping and equipment in the GOM.
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Kuz’michev, Aleksey V., Dmitriy A. Tikhomirov, and Aleksey V. Khimenko. "Installation with a Temperature-Controlled Panel for Piglets." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 3, no. 44 (September 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-3-21-28.
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Agricultural enterprises include engineering systems to ensure the vital activity of animals. The effectiveness of such systems is determined by the possibility of creating the required conditions in places where animals are kept in interaction with external temperature parameters of the habitat. (Research purpose) The research purpose is considering the physical and thermodynamic models of the thermal regime of the heated site and developing a structural scheme, a method for calculating the installation of heating sites for piglets using thermo-electricity. (Materials and methods) The article describes models of the combined thermal regime in a biotechnical system. The layout and structure of the technical system of thermal stabilization with the use of thermoelectric modules were considered. The article presents the relations between the technical elements included in the biotechnical system and the boundary conditions for the existence of such a system. (Results and discussion) The contact heating method is characterized by high technological efficiency. When young animals are located on a surface heated to the required temperature, the outflow of heat from the animal's body to the floor decreases, hypothermia of vital organs is prevented. The normal vital activity of the animal is possible within a limited range of the surface temperature of the sites in the places where they are located, the temperature factor acts as the determining factor. Depending on the environmental conditions and the duration of the growing cycle, it is necessary to generate a certain level of thermal energy in the thermodynamic system "animal-environment". The article justifies the use of certain installations and the creation of a technical system that ensures the maintenance of comfortable conditions for the maintenance of young animals. (Conclusions) The method of regulating the thermal regime with the construction of an effective thermal stabilization system can be based on the use of thermoelectric modules. The article presents the operating modes and load characteristics of a specific thermodynamic module in the space of variable parameters that display the areas of change of individual factors included in the mathematical model. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the module is capable of working in this application.
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Pastukhov, A. G., A. A. Dobritskiy, D. N. Bakharev, and S. F. Volvak. "Physico-Mechanical Properties of Pumpkin Seeds in the Context of Drying Processes." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 18, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-1-52-59.
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The paper highlights the significance of the drying process in post-harvest cucurbit seed treatment technology. To improve the effectiveness of drying high-moisture seeds, a plant construction design was introduced, incorporating the concept of providing varied heat distribution to a vigorously agitated seed layer. The paper validates the necessity of refining the dimensional, frictional, and aerodynamic properties of pumpkin seeds to determine the optimal operating modes for the proposed dryer. (Research purpose) To identify the physical and mechanical properties of pumpkin seeds by defining their dimensional, frictional and aerodynamic characteristics. (Materials and methods) The study employs one-factor experimental research methods with subsequent statistical data processing. An experimental study was conducted on the physical and mechanical properties of Volzhskaya Grey pumpkin seeds possessing a standard moisture content ranging between 9.3 and 9.7 percent. Well-known laboratory apparatuses, namely the «conical tank» and the «inclined plane», were used to determine the natural repose angle and to enhance the accuracy of friction coefficients determination. For analyzing the aerodynamic properties of the seeds, the K-293 Petkus air separator was employed. (Results and discussion) Research methods were developed and experimental plants were described. It was established that with a probability confidence level of 0.95, the static friction coefficients of pumpkin seeds on a solid steel sheet, a perforated steel sieve and on rubber are 0.473, 0.418, 0.481, respectively, and the dynamic friction coefficients under the identical conditions are measured as 0.331, 0.293, 0.337. The average angle of natural repose is found to be 22 degrees, the midsection area is 97.94 square millimeters, the soaring velocity is 7.083 meters per second, the windage coefficient stands at 0.196 and the aerodynamic drag coefficient is 0.136. (Conclusions). The assumption that enhancing the drying efficiency of vegetable seeds can be achieved by implementing a diverse thermal energy supply to continuously moving mass inside the apparatus is confirmed, provided that the seeds do not stick together in layers resulting in blockage of the coolant flow. An improved design of the dryer configurations has been developed and, to validate its optimum design and technological specifications, an in-depth analysis of the seeds' dimensional, frictional, and aerodynamic attributes has been conducted.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Cementless Well-Construction Possibilities Offer Cost, Emissions Reductions." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0122-0081-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206052, “Cementless Well Construction Opens Full Control of Well Integrity for the Life of the Well,” by Catalin Teodoriu, SPE, and Opeyemi Bello, University of Oklahoma, and R.R. Vasquez, Welltec, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Well construction has relied on two main elements—casing and cement—to achieve well goals while maintaining the highest possible well integrity. Can cementless well construction achieve similar goals? The complete paper investigates various well-construction concepts and analyzes the ability of cement to withstand long-term well loads. Introduction Well integrity is a fusion of several disciplines with the ultimate purpose of preventing well-control incidents during the life cycle of the well. The best chance of minimizing well integrity challenges is during the well-construction phase. In a situation in which the basis of design has established discrete criteria, however, any associated modification must be highly controlled because failure to do so may have an ultimately detrimental effect on long-term well integrity. In its simplest definition, well integrity denotes the ability of a well to produce or inject fluids in a controlled manner while preventing any unwanted fluid migration outside the well system. Previous studies revealed that the integrity of well barriers is affected significantly by the degradation of drilling and completion fluids, cement, and tubular materials. The main causes of well integrity loss are a lack of understanding of downhole conditions, temperature changes in casing fluids (inducing casing expansion and contraction) imposing stresses on the cement/casing interface, inappropriate well-construction practices, poor selection of casing material and cementing type, and inadequate design verification and validation of the downhole specimen. The cement sheath is not always able to deliver an acceptable long-term solution for demanding drilling environments. Recently, advances in cement and well-completion practices have improved the quality of wells significantly and have extended their operational life. This paper presents a novel technology based on metal expandable packers (MEP) that enables cementless annular isolation across highly layered formations, providing long-length openhole zonal isolation to replace traditional cement operations, leading to significant time savings and operational efficiency in the overall well- construction process and securing better economic return on the wells.
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Dai, Guoyong, Qingzhang Chen, Kai Wang, Kezhen Ying, and Chunyu Miao. "An Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Linear WSNs." Chinese Journal of Electronics 24, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cje.2015.10.010.
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Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz, Ewa, and Michał P. Karpowicz. "Infrastructure and Energy Conservation in Big Data Computing: A Survey." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 2 (June 28, 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.132419.
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Progress in life, physical sciences and technology depends on efficient data-mining and modern computing technologies. The rapid growth of data-intensive domains requires a continuous development of new solutions for network infrastructure, servers and storage in order to address Big Datarelated problems. Development of software frameworks, include smart calculation, communication management, data decomposition and allocation algorithms is clearly one of the major technological challenges we are faced with. Reduction in energy consumption is another challenge arising in connection with the development of efficient HPC infrastructures. This paper addresses the vital problem of energy-efficient high performance distributed and parallel computing. An overview of recent technologies for Big Data processing is presented. The attention is focused on the most popular middleware and software platforms. Various energy-saving approaches are presented and discussed as well.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Fracture-Matrix Modeling Technique Unlocks CO2 Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0122-0056-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202222, “Fracture-Matrix Modeling of CO2 Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery in Compressible Shale,” by Dhruvit Satishchandra Berawala, SPE, Equinor, and Pål Østebø Andersen, University of Stavanger. The paper has not been peer reviewed. With technology available at the time of writing, only 3–10% of gas from tight shale is recovered economically through natural depletion, demonstrating a significant potential for enhanced shale gas recovery (ESGR). Experimental studies have demonstrated that shale kerogen/organic matter has a higher adsorption affinity for carbon dioxide (CO2) than methane (CH4). CO2 is preferentially adsorbed over CH4 with a ratio of as much as 5:1. The complete paper examines CO2 ESGR in compressible shale during huff ’n’ puff injection to understand better the parameters controlling its feasibility and effectiveness. The authors present a mathematical model in the complete paper in which the CO2/CH4 substitution mechanism is implemented in an injection/production setting representative of field implementation. Introduction Modeling of CO2 injection and the interplay between CO2 and CH4 sorption has been extremely challenging for scientists and engineers. The presence of CO2 with methane during the CO2 ESGR process makes gas-desorption behavior and measurement more difficult. Few researchers have evaluated the efficiency of CO2 ESGR in compressible shale. To improve the understanding of this technique, the authors present a numerical modeling approach using a 1D+1D fracture-matrix model in order to study the feasibility of CO2 injection in shale formations. The model consists of a high-permeability fracture extending from a well perforation, symmetrically surrounded by a shale matrix as shown in Fig. 1 of the complete paper. The fracture is assumed to have fixed width for simplicity. The system is assumed to consist of free gas in the pores as well as adsorbed gas in the matrix. When pressure in the well is reduced, free and adsorbed gas from the matrix flows toward the fracture and then to the well. The pressure-based advective forces, along with concentration-based diffusive forces, are considered the main transport mechanisms in this work. After the CH4 production cycle, CO2 is injected from the same well into the fracture and to the matrix. Injection of CO2 leads to an increase in total gas pressure in the system. CH4/CO2 adsorption kinetics are modeled using a multicomponent adsorption isotherm presented in earlier works by the authors. Apparent permeability is used to account for gas slippage effect, effective stress, adsorption, and other flow regimes relevant to the nanopore structure of the shale formation. The effect that compressible rock has on the porosity and apparent permeability changes with CH4 production. CO2 injection also is considered. The resulting model is composed of nonlinear partial differential equations that are solved numerically using an operator splitting approach. The geometry, mole conservation, pressure-dependent parameters, and initial and boundary conditions of the mathematical model are detailed in the complete paper, including mathematical definitions and solution procedures in its appendix.
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Kumar, Sunil, Prateek Raj Gautam, Tarique Rashid, Akshay Verma, and Arvind Kumar. "ETDCC: Energy-Efficient Transmission Scheme for Dynamic Climatic Conditions in WSN." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v16i3.8513.
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Talha, Sadaf, Rizwan Ahmad, Adnan K. Kiani, and Muhammad Mahtab Alam. "Network Coding for Energy Efficient Transmission in Wireless Body Area Networks." Procedia Computer Science 113 (2017): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.08.285.
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Iguchi, Shoji, Shuying Wang, Shimpei Naniwa, Hiroyuki Asakura, Saburo Hosokawa, Tsunehiro Tanaka, and Kentaro Teramura. "(Invited) Al-Doped SrTiO3 Photocatalyst for Selective CO2 Reduction with Water as a Reductant." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 14 (August 28, 2023): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01141378mtgabs.
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Among various strategies toward finding new energy sources to replace conventional fossil fuels, photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into useful chemicals using water as an electron donor and a proton source has been increasingly attracting attentions because it can convert light energy to chemical energy. The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 involves photoabsorption (light harvesting), charge separation, and H2O oxidation, as well as the consumption of the photogenerated electrons for reduction. The evolution of H2 rather than CO is preferred when H2O is used as the electron donor, since the redox potential of CO2/CO (−0.51 V vs NHE, at pH 7) is more negative than that of H+/H2 (−0.41 V vs NHE, at pH 7) in an aqueous solution. Therefore, “high selectivity toward CO2 reduction” is one of the most important requirements for the photocatalytic system to achieve the CO2 conversion in water. Various mixed oxides including tantalum-based NaTaO3, Ta2O5, Sr2KTa5O15, titanium-based BaLa4Ti4O15, CaTiO3, Na2Ti3O7, K2Ti6O13, La2Ti2O7, SrTiO3, gallium-based Ga2O3, and ZnGa2O4, and SrNb2O6 were found to be excellent photocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 into CO in the presence of Ag cocatalyst. However, these materials show significant activity for CO evolution only when irradiated with deep region UV-light (λ < 300 nm). Therefore, a series of photocatalysts which can drive under the photoirradiation with UV-light at λ > 300 nm is strongly desired in the research area of the photocatalytic conversion of CO2. Recently, Domen et al. reported that Al-doped SrTiO3 (Al-STO) with suitable cocatalysts such as MoOy/RhCrOx exhibited a promising photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting under photoirradiation at λ > 300 nm; the apparent quantum efficiency of the MoOy/RhCrOx/Al-STO reached close to 69% at 365 nm. Thus, we herein describe our investigation into the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O using the Al-STO photocatalyst with Ag and AgCo cocatalysts under photoirradiation with λ > 300 nm. Al-STO photocatalyst was fabricated by a flux method using anhydrous SrCl2 as a flux reagent. A mixture of SrTiO3, Al2O3, and anhydrous SrCl2 was ground for 10 min, and then transferred into an alumina crucible and calcined at 1423 K under air for 15 h. Ag cocatalyst was employed to modify the surface of the as-prepared Al-STO photocatalyst via a chemical reduction method. Al-STO was dispersed in deionized ultrapure water, and AgNO3 and NaH2PO2 were added to the suspension, then it was maintained at 353 K for 1.5 h. Photocatalytic activity of Ag/Al-STO photocatalyst was evaluated by using an inner-irradiation type reaction vessel in a quasi-flowing batch system. The photocatalyst powder was dispersed in 1.0 L of an aqueous NaHCO3 solution, and the dissolved air in this suspension was degassed by a flow of high-purity CO2 gas. CO2 was continuously bubbled into the reaction solution at a flow rate of 30 mL/min. The suspension was irradiated using a 400 W high-pressure Hg lamp with a Pyrex filter equipped with a cooling water system (irradiation wavelength: λ > 300 nm). The gaseous products in the outlet gas, e.g., CO, H2, and O2, were analyzed by gas chromatography (FID-GC with methanizer: CO, TCD-GC: H2 and O2). The attached figure shows a formation rate of CO (red), H2 (blue), and O2 (green) in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 with H2O using undoped STO and Al-STO in the presence of Ag cocatalyst. It should be noted that the formation rate of CO is significantly increased by the doping of Al into STO. Moreover, the addition of Co species as a second cocatalyst to Ag/Al-STO drastically improved its activity for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O as the electron donor, with extremely high selectivity toward CO evolution (99.8%), in which Ag and Co might enable CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation on the Al-STO surface, respectively. The formation rate of CO up to 52.7 μmol/h was observed over AgCo/Al-STO when irradiated with the UV light at wavelengths above 300 nm, which is ten-times higher than that over Ag/Al-STO (4.7 μmol/h). Furthermore, isotope-experiments using 13C-labeled CO2 gas revealed that 13C-labeled CO (m/z = 29) is selectively observed by GC-MS analysis, indicating that the CO evolved over the Ag/Al-STO and AgCo/Al-STO photocatalysts should be derived from the introduced CO2 gas. Figure caption Formation rates of products and selectivity toward CO evolution in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using bare Ag/STO (undoped STO), Ag/ and AgCo/Al-STO. Red: CO, green: O2, blue: H2, black circle: selectivity. Loading amount of Ag: 1wt%, Ag : Co = 2 : 1 (mol). Figure 1
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Abdul Karim, Obaida, Nadeem Javaid, Arshad Sher, Zahid Wadud, and Sheeraz Ahmed. "A balanced energy consumption-based routing protocol for efficient data gathering in underwater ASNs." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 5, no. 17 (April 10, 2018): 154443. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-4-2018.154443.
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Reddy, Kummathi Chenna, Geetha D. Devanagavi, and Thippeswamy M. N. "EARPC – Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Cooperative MIMO Scheme in WSNs." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 3 (September 30, 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2020.142720.
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Wireless sensor networks are typically operated on batteries. Therefore, in order to prolong network lifetime, an energy efficient routing algorithm is required. In this paper, an energy-aware routing protocol for the co-operative MIMO scheme in WSNs (EARPC) is presented. It is based on an improved cluster head selection method that considers the remaining energy level of a node and recent energy consumption of all nodes. This means that sensor nodes with lower energy levels are less likely to be chosen as cluster heads. Next, based on the cooperative node selection in each cluster, a virtual MIMO array is created, reducing uneven distribution of clusters. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol may reduce energy consumption and improve network lifetime compared with the LEACH protocol
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Roig, Pablo. "Semileptonic τ decays: powerful probes of non-standard charged current weak interactions." EPJ Web of Conferences 212 (2019): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921208002.
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When looking for heavy (O(few TeV)) New Physics, the most efficient way to bene?t from both high and low-energy measurements simultaneously is the use of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). In this talk I highlight the importance of semileptonic τ decays in complementing, in this respect, the traditional low-energy precision observables and high-energy measurements. This is yet another reason for considering hadronic tau decays as golden channels at Belle-II beyond the unquestionable interest of the CP violation anomaly in τ → KS πντ decays, that I also discuss within the effective theory. A couple of new results for τ−→ K− ντ decays are also included.