Academic literature on the topic 'Energy conversion technologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Energy conversion technologie"
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Danso-Boateng, Eric, and Osei-Wusu Achaw. "Bioenergy and biofuel production from biomass using thermochemical conversions technologies—a review." AIMS Energy 10, no. 4 (2022): 585–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022030.
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<abstract> <p>Biofuel and bioenergy production from diverse biomass sources using thermochemical technologies over the last decades has been investigated. The thermochemical conversion pathways comprise dry processes (i.e., torrefaction, combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis), and wet processes (i.e., liquefaction, supercritical water gasification, and hydrothermal carbonisation). It has been found that the thermochemical processes can convert diverse biomass feedstocks to produce bioenergy sources such as direct heat energy, as well as solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels for instance biochar, bio-oil and syngas. However, some of these processes have limitations that impede their large-scale utilisation such low energy efficiency, high costs, and generation of harmful chemicals that cause environmental concerns. Efforts are being made extensively to improve the conversion technologies in order to reduce or solve these problems for energy efficiency improvement. In this review, the emerging developments in the thermochemical techniques for producing biofuel and bioenergy from biomass are presented and evaluated in terms of their technological concepts and projections for implementation. It is suggested that an integration of torrefaction or hydrothermal carbonisation with combustion and/or gasification may optimise biomass energy use efficiency, enhance product quality, and minimise the formation of noxious compounds.</p> </abstract>
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Ramasamy, R. P. "Bioelectrochemical Energy Conversion Technologies." Interface magazine 24, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f03153if.
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Hannan, M. A., Ali Q. Al-Shetwi, M. S. Mollik, Pin Jern Ker, M. Mannan, M. Mansor, Hussein M. K. Al-Masri, and T. M. Indra Mahlia. "Wind Energy Conversions, Controls, and Applications: A Review for Sustainable Technologies and Directions." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053986.
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The use of renewable energy techniques is becoming increasingly popular because of rising demand and the threat of negative carbon footprints. Wind power offers a great deal of untapped potential as an alternative source of energy. The rising demand for wind energy typically results in the generation of high-quality output electricity through grid integration. More sophisticated contemporary generators, power converters, energy management, and controllers have been recently developed to integrate wind turbines into the electricity system. However, a comprehensive review of the role of converters in the wind system’s power conversion, control, and application toward sustainable development is not thoroughly investigated. Thus, this paper proposes a comprehensive review of the impact of converters on wind energy conversion with its operation, control, and recent challenges. The converters’ impact on the integration and control of wind turbines was highlighted. Moreover, the conversion and implementation of the control of the wind energy power system have been analyzed in detail. Also, the recently advanced converters applications for wind energy conversion were presented. Finally, recommendations for future converters use in wind energy conversions were highlighted for efficient, stable, and sustainable wind power. This rigorous study will lead academic researchers and industry partners toward the development of optimal wind power technologies with improved efficiency, operation, and costs.
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YAMAMOTO, Toshikazu, Koji OGIKUBO, and Fujio TODA. "Development of teaching tool to learn energy conversion technology using mass production type Stirling engine." International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer 2010.5 (2010): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicbtt.2010.5.0_114.
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Zhu, Dibin. "Advance Energy Harvesting Technologies." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072366.
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Ayub, Muhammad Waqas, Ameer Hamza, George A. Aggidis, and Xiandong Ma. "A Review of Power Co-Generation Technologies from Hybrid Offshore Wind and Wave Energy." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010550.
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Renewable energy resources such as offshore wind and wave energy are environmentally friendly and omnipresent. A hybrid offshore wind-wave energy system produces a more sustainable form of energy that is not only eco-friendly but also economical and efficient as compared to use of individual resources. The objective of this paper is to give a detailed review of co-generation technologies for hybrid offshore wind and wave energy. The proposed area of this review paper is based on the power conversions techniques, response coupling, control schemes for co-generation and complimentary generation, and colocation and integrated conversion systems. This paper aims to offer a systematic review to cover recent research and development of novel hybrid offshore wind-wave energy (HOWWE) systems. The current hybrid wind-wave energy structures lack efficiency due to their design and AC-DC-AC power conversion that need to be improved by applying an advanced control strategy. Thus, using different power conversion techniques and control system methodologies, the HOWWE structure can be improved and will be transferrable to the other hybrid models such as hybrid solar and wind energy. The state-of-the-art HOWWE systems are reviewed. Critical analysis of each method is performed to evaluate the best possible combination for development of a HOWWE system.
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Keefer, Bowie G., and Douglas M. Ruthven. "Synergies between adsorption and energy conversion technologies." Adsorption 27, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-021-00297-w.
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Hasatani, Masanobu. "Highly efficient conversion technologies for energy utilization." Energy Conversion and Management 38, no. 10-13 (July 1997): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(96)00124-0.
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Weber, H., T. Hamacher, and T. Haase. "Network Requirements of Future Energy Conversion Technologies." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 20 (September 2003): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34495-6.
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Murata, Akinobu, and Seijiro Ihara. "A Method of Synthesizing Energy Conversion Technologies from Elementary Conversion Processes." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 114, no. 6 (1994): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.114.6_689.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy conversion technologie"
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Yu, Xiaoting. "Transformation of Nanocrystals in Electrochemical Energy Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670922.
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This thesis focuses on the synthesis of different types of NCs, their application to energy conversion and storage technologies, particularly LIBs, KIBs and DEFCs, and their structural transformation during electrochemical processes within these energy storage and conversion applications. The morphology and composition of target transition metal oxides, bimetallic NCs and phosphorous incorporated intermetallic NRs are characterized in detail to follow the alterations during application. An understanding of the correlation between structural, chemical and electrochemical properties will allow a more rational design of functional nanomaterials.
The 1st chapter gives a general introduction to the rapid development and importance of renewable energy technologies in modern human society. Among which electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies are particularly appealing in terms of cost, safety and environmental friendliness. The basic principles of Li-, Na- and K- ion battery technologies are discussed, including the battery structures, electrode materials and working mechanisms. Additionally, I describe the working principle of DEFCs and the electrocatalytic EOR. Strategies for synthesizing high performance NCs for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications are also explained. Finally, in this chapter I discuss the phenomenon of NCs structural and chemical evolution during electrochemical operations and how their characterization in each system is needed for a thorough understanding of nanomaterials properties and applications. Chapter 1 also includes the objectives of the thesis.
Chapter 2 describes a simple seed-mediated growth method at low temperature to grow heterstructered Mn3O4 on hollow Fe3O4 seeds. A moderate temperature (500 °C) annealing process is conducted to promote the solid-state reaction for hollow MnxFe3-xO4 NPs while conserving the original morphology. When serving as anode electrode materials, the polycrystalline shell, the internal void space and the high surface area of MnxFe3-xO4 NPs can effectively buffer the volume change of the NCs during lithiation and delithiation process to improve the stability and cycle life. The electrochemical activity of MnxFe3-xO4 NPs toward lithium reaction is evaluated and the relationship between the structure and electrochemical properties is explored. The excellent performance of hollow MnxFe3-xO4 NPs is associated with their crystal structure and composition, and with the presence of carbonized ligands, which further promote electrical conductivity and rapidly accommodate and release lithium ions while retaining a stable structure even after continuous charge/discharge cycles. This work
was published in Nano Energy in 2019.
Chapter 3 talks about the performance of bimetallic NPs as anodes in LIBs and KIBs. Monodisperse CoSn and NiSn NPs are synthesized through co-reduction and supported on commercial carbon materials. The obtained nanocomposites are tested as anode materials in half-cell LIBs, KIBs and full-cell LIBs. CoSn@C electrodes display excellent charge-discharge capacities with LIB half-cell and LIB full-cells. The capacities for KIB are stabilized at around 200 mAh g-1 with high coulombic efficiency over 400 cycles for CoSn@C and 100 mAh g-1 for NiSn@C over 300 cycles. The oxidation of NPs, the formation of SEI layer, the vast volume change during lithiation and delithiation processed caused the capacities decrease. This work was published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020.
In chapter 4, a simple approach to produce intermetallic Pd3Pb nanocubes with well-defined cubic geometry and average size ranged from 6 nm to 10 nm is detailed. Pd3Pb/C catalysts present improved EOR electrocatalytic activities and stabilities. The EOR activity of Pd3Pb nanocubes is investigated through CV and CA techniques, which is size-dependent. All the catalysts exhibit a pronounced current decay during the first 500 s of continuous EOR operation, which is associated to the accumulation of strongly adsorbed reaction intermediates and the related blockage of reaction sites. The catalysts can be reactivated by simply cycling to effectively remove the poisoning species adsorbed on the surface and recover the electrocatalytic activity. A reorganization of Pd and Pb elements happens on Pd3Pb nanocubes during EOR, involving an outward/inward diffusion of Pd/Pb to equilibrate the stoichiometry of the NCs surface, which is driven by the different affinity of Pb and Pd towards oxygen and possibly ethanol, and the electrochemical oxidation/reduction of Pd. This work was published in Chemistry of Materials in 2020.
Chapter 5 demonstrates the synthesis of colloidal Pd2Sn:P NRs through phosphorization of Pd2Sn NPs with a highly active reagent- hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) in a one-pot two-steps reaction. The Pd2Sn:P/C catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced activity toward EOR in alkaline media compared with Pd2Sn/C, PdP2/C and commercial Pd/C catalysts. The performance improvement is rationalized with the aid of DFT calculations considering the different phosphorous chemical environments. Depending on its oxidation state, surface phosphorus introduces sites with low energy OH- adsorption and/or strongly influences the electronic structure of palladium and tin to facilitate the oxidation of the acetyl to acetic acid, which is considered the EOR rate limiting step. The Pd2Sn:P NRs is characterized with Sn- and P-rich surface, which correlates well with the higher percentages of oxidized tin and phosphorous, and the higher tendency to oxidation of Sn compared with Pd. DFT calculations prove that the presence of P can induce a higher chemical adsorption of OH- to facilitate the formation of CH3COOH, resulting in EOR activity increase. This work was accepted in Nano Energy in 2020.Esta tesis se centra en la síntesis de diferentes tipos de nanocristales, su aplicación a las tecnologías de conversión y almacenamiento de energía, particularmente LIBs, KIBs y DEFCs, y su transformación estructural durante los procesos electroquímicos dentro de estas aplicaciones de almacenamiento y conversión de energía. La morfología y composición de nanocristales de óxidos de metales de transición, bimetálicos e intermetálicos que incroporan fósforo se caracterizan en detalle para seguir las alteraciones durante la aplicación. La comprensión de la correlación entre las propiedades estructurales, químicas y electroquímicas permitirá un diseño más racional de nanomateriales funcionales. El primer capítulo ofrece una introducción general al rápido desarrollo y la importancia de las tecnologías de energía renovable en la sociedad moderna. Entre ellas, las tecnologías de conversión y almacenamiento de energía electroquímica son particularmente atractivas en términos de costo, seguridad y respeto al medio ambiente. Se discuten los principios básicos de las tecnologías de baterías de iones de litio, sodio y potasio, incluidas las estructuras de las baterías, los materiales de los electrodos y los mecanismos de trabajo. Además, describo el principio de funcionamiento de las DEFCs y el EOR electrocatalítico. También se explican las estrategias para sintetizar nanocristales de alto rendimiento para aplicaciones de almacenamiento y conversión de energía electroquímica. Finalmente, en este capítulo discuto el fenómeno de la evolución estructural y química de los nanocristales durante las operaciones electroquímicas y cómo se necesita su caracterización en cada sistema para una comprensión profunda de las propiedades y aplicaciones de los nanomateriales. El capítulo 1 también incluye los objetivos de la tesis. El Capítulo 2 describe un método de crecimiento simple mediado por semillas a baja temperatura para crecer Mn3O4 en nanoparticulas huecas de Fe3O4. Se lleva a cabo un proceso de sinterizado a temperatura moderada (500 °C) para promover la reacción en estado sólido de las NPs y obtener partículas huecas de MnxFe3-xO4. Al ser usados como materiales de electrodo anódico, la cubierta policristalina, el espacio vacío interno y la gran área de superficie de las NPs de MnxFe3-xO4 pueden amortiguar de manera efectiva el cambio de volumen de los nanocristales durante el proceso de litiación y delitizacion para mejorar la estabilidad y la vida útil del ciclo. Se evalúa la actividad electroquímica de las NPs de MnxFe3- xO4 hacia la reacción de litio y se explora la relación entre la estructura y las propiedades electroquímicas. El excelente rendimiento de las NPs huecas de MnxFe3-xO4 está asociado con su estructura y composición cristalinas, y con la presencia de ligandos carbonizados, que promueven aún más la conductividad eléctrica y acomodan y liberan rápidamente iones de litio mientras retienen una estructura estable incluso después de ciclos continuos de carga/descarga . Este trabajo fue publicado en Nano Energy en 2019. El Capítulo 3 vesra sobre el rendimiento de los NPs bimetálicos como ánodos en LIBs y KIBs. NPs monodispersas de CoSn y NiSn se sintetizan mediante co-reducción y se soportan en materiales comerciales de carbono. Los nanocompuestos obtenidos se prueban como materiales anódicos en LIBs de media celda y KIBs y LIBs de celda completa. Los electrodos CoSn@C muestran excelentes capacidades de carga y descarga en media celda y celdas completas LIB. Las capacidades para KIB se estabilizan alrededor de 200 mAh g-1 con alta eficiencia culombiana durante 400 ciclos para CoSn@C y 100 mAh g-1 para NiSn@C durante 300 ciclos. La oxidación de las NPs, la formación de la capa SEI, el vasto cambio de volumen durante la litiación y la delitiación causaron la disminución de las capacidades. Este trabajo fue publicado en ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces en 2020. En el capítulo 4, se detalla un enfoque simple para producir nanocubos intermetálicas de Pd3Pb con geometría cúbica bien definida y un tamaño promedio de 6 nm a 10 nm. Los catalizadores de Pd3Pb/C presentan actividades y estabilidades electrocatalíticas EOR mejoradas. La actividad EOR de las NPs de Pd3Pb se investiga en función de su tamaño a través de técnicas CV y CA. Todos los catalizadores exhiben una disminución de corriente pronunciada durante los primeros 500 s de operación EOR continua, que está asociada con la acumulación de intermedios de reacción fuertemente adsorbidos y el bloqueo relacionado de los sitios de reacción. Los catalizadores pueden reactivarse simplemente ciclando para eliminar eficazmente las especies adsorbidas en la superficie y recuperar la actividad electrocatalítica. Una reorganización de los elementos Pd y Pb ocurre en las NPs de Pd3Pb durante EOR, lo que implica una difusión hacia afuera/hacia adentro de Pd/Pb para equilibrar la estequiometría de la superficie de los NCs, que es impulsada por la diferente afinidad de Pb y Pd hacia el oxígeno y posiblemente el etanol, y la oxidación/reducción electroquímica de Pd. Este trabajo fue publicado en Chemistry of Materials en 2020. El Capítulo 5 demuestra la síntesis de NRs coloidales de Pd2Sn que incorporan P a través de la fosforización de las NPs de Pd2Sn con un reactivo altamente activo. El catalizador Pd2Sn:P/C exhibe una actividad significativamente mejorada hacia EOR en medios alcalinos en comparación con Pd2Sn/C, PdP2/C y catalizadores comerciales de Pd/C. La mejora del rendimiento se racionaliza con la ayuda de los cálculos de DFT teniendo en cuenta los diferentes entornos químicos de fósforo. Dependiendo de su estado de oxidación, el fósforo superficial introduce sitios con adsorción de OH de baja energía y/o influye fuertemente en la estructura electrónica del paladio y el estaño para facilitar la oxidación del acetilo al ácido acético, que se considera el paso limitante de la tasa de EOR. El Pd2Sn:P se caracteriza por una superficie rica en Sn y P, que se correlaciona bien con los porcentajes más altos de estaño oxidado y fósforo, y la mayor tendencia a la oxidación de Sn en comparación con Pd. Los cálculos de DFT demuestran que la presencia de P puede inducir una mayor adsorción química de OH- para facilitar la formación de CH3COOH, lo que resulta en un aumento de la actividad EOR. Este trabajo fue aceptado en Nano Energy en 2020.
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Reynaud, Jean-François. "Recherches d'optimums d'énergie pour charge/décharge d'une batterie à technologie avancée dédiée à des applications photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559630.
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La présence d'une fonction de stockage avec des sources d'énergie intermittentes permet d'obtenir une meilleure adéquation entre la consommation et la production d'énergie. Aujourd'hui, le stockage d'énergie est le plus souvent réalisé avec des batteries conventionnelles, principalement au plomb-acide, pour des raisons de coût, de fiabilité et de disponibilité industrielle. Cependant, la durée de vie des éléments de stockage actuels, l'impact sur l'environnement et le rendement trop faible entrainent la recherche d'autres moyens de stockage ayant des durées de vie compatibles avec les applications et présentant des fonctions plus flexibles. La technologie lithium parait être aujourd'hui un bon compromis si elle est associée à une électronique de précision assurant diverses fonctions. Cette thèse porte sur l'optimisation de moyens de stockages lithium-ion utilisés dans les énergies renouvelables et le développement de l'électronique associée. La validation de ces travaux a été faite à travers des systèmes de conversion photovoltaïques. Le rendement de conversion de l'ensemble a particulièrement été étudié en tenant compte de différents profils de charge et de décharge, du vieillissement et des sécurités des batteries ainsi que des derniers développements technologiques de batterie. Pour valider les algorithmes de gestion et qualifier les chaînes de conversion, un banc de mesure spécifique a été développé.
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Conceição, Ricardo Filipe Carrão da. "Soiling in solar energy conversion technologies: assessment and mitigation." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25527.
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Soiling, the process of particle deposition onto surfaces, has been studied since the 40’s. Initially, it
was studied as a physical process, including types of adhesion forces, and later its effect on performance
of solar energy conversion technologies was analyzed, such as in photovoltaics and concentrated solar
power. This thesis approaches the problem from a cause-effect point of view and how it can be mitigated.
Soiling is characterized, mineral and chemically, using a Scanning Electron Microscope. Polycristalline
photovoltaic modules deposition rates are retrieved and related to environmental parameters, as well as, to
long-range Saharan desert dust transport, a non-local phenomenon. Attention is also given to Spring, where
atmospheric pollen concentration enhances soiling. The effect of soiling on the photovoltaic optimum tilt
angle, for fixed and multiple angles, is studied along with a simple economic analysis. Cleaning schedules,
for a desired system efficiency, are calculated based on annual soiling. Mirror soiling, related to concentrated
solar power technologies, is also analyzed. Soiling rates are calculated and interlinked with environmental
parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, particulate mater concentration and vertical wind
speed. From a collaboration with the Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles,
Morocco, an insightful study is made comparing soiling effect between Portugal and Morocco. A passive
cleaning method, impregnated anti-soiling coating, is tested. Comparison between coated and uncoated
mirrors is done to evaluate its performance and conclude if it stands as a possible tool to reduce water
consumption in cleaning solar harvesting technologies; Resumo:
Sujidade em Tecnologias de Conversão de Energia
Solar: Avaliação e Mitigação
A sujidade, o processo de deposição de partículas em superfícies, tem sido estudada desde os anos
40. Inicialmente, começou a ser estudada como um processo fisico, incluindo tipos de forças de adesão, e
mais tarde o seu efeito no desempenho de tecnologias de conversão de energia solar, como na tecnologia
fotovoltaica e e de concentração. Esta tese aborda este problema de um ponto de vista causa-efeito e
como pode ser mitigado. A sujidade é caracterizada, mineral e químicamente, usando um Microscópio
Eletrónico de Varrimento. As taxas de deposição em módulos fotovoltaicos policristalinos são calculadas e
relacionadas com parametros ambientais, tal como com o transporte de longo alcance de areia do deserto
do Sahara, um fenómeno não local. Também é dada atenção à Primavera, onde a concentração de pólen
na atmosfera aumenta a sujidade. O efeito da sujidade no ângulo de inclinação fotovoltaico óptimo, para
ângulos fixos e múltiplos, é estudado juntamente com analises económicas. Calendários de limpeza, para
uma eficiência de sistema desejada, são calculados com base em dados anuais de deposição de particulas. A
sujidade em espelhos, relacionada com as tecnologias de energia solar concentrada, é também analisada.
As taxas de deposição são calculadas e relacionadas com parâmetros ambientais, tais como temperatura
do ar, humidade relativa, concentração de particulas e velocidade vertical do vento. A partir de uma
colaboração com o Institut de Recherche en Energie Solaire et Energies Nouvelles, Marrocos, fez-se um
estudo esclarecedor, comparando o efeito da sujidade entre Portugal e Marrocos. Um método passivo de
limpeza, revestimentos impregnados anti-sujidade, é testado. A comparação entre espelhos revestidos e não
revestidos é realizada para avaliar o seu desempenho e concluir se é um método importante para alcançar
uma redução no consumo de água na limpeza de tecnologias de energia solar.
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Liu, Junfeng. "Colloidal Metal Phosphide Nanocrystals for Electrochemical Energy Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666970.
Full textAbstract:
Metal phosphides are an important class of functional materials that exhibit a wide range of applications for energy storage and conversion. However, the synthesis of metal phosphide nanoparticles and its scalability is often limited by the toxicity, air sensitivity and high cost of reagents used. In this thesis, a simple, scalable and cost-effective procedure was developed to produce metal phosphides using inexpensive, low-toxicity and air-stable triphenyl phosphite as phosphorus source. The use of chlorides or metal carbonyl as metal precursors and hexadecylamine as ligand allowed the synthesis of a variety of phosphide nanocrystals (NCs) including phosphides of Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo. The use of NiCl2 and CoCl2 mixture as metal precursors, ternary metal phosphide Ni2-xCoxP (0≤x≤2) NCs could be obtained. The synthesis of Ni2-xCoxP involved the nucleation of amorphous Ni-P and its posterior crystallization and simultaneous incorporation of Co. Tuning the experimental parameters allows producing NCs with different composition, morphology and particle size. Ni2-xCoxP-based electrocatalysts exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction compared to binary phosphides. In particular, NiCoP electrocatalysts displayed very low overpotential of 97 mV at J = 10 mA cm-2 and an excellent long-term stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption at the surface of Ni2-xCoxP NCs showed NiCoP to have the most appropriate composition to optimize this parameter within the whole Ni2-xCoxP series. The use of chromium hexacarbonyl as metal precursor and high boiling point oleylamine as ligand, less-studied CrP NCs could also be produced. This method allows producing CrP with nanometric particle size and with a very high throughput and material yield. CrP NCs were mixed with carbon to prepare electrocatalysts, which exhibited remarkable activity and stability toward oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline electrolyte and an absolute tolerance to methanol. DFT calculations demonstrated CrP to provide a very strong chemisorption of O2 which facilitates its reduction and explains the excellent performance.
Besides, another phosphorus source hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) and new synthetic strategies were applied for the synthesis of SnP and PdP2 NCs. SnP NCs were produced from the reaction of HMPT and a tin phosphonate prepared from tin oxalate and a long chain phosphonic acid. SnP NCs obtained from this reaction displayed a spherical geometry and a trigonal crystallographic phase with a superstructure attributed to ordered diphosphorus pairs. Such NCs were mixed with carbon black and used as anode materials in sodium-ion batteries, which displayed a high reversible capacity of 600 mA h g-1 at a current density of 100 mA g-1 and cycling stability for over 200 cycles. The excellent cycling performance was associated with both the small size of the crystal domains and the particular composition and phase of SnP which prevent mechanical disintegration and major phase separation during sodiation and desodiation cycles. The synthesis of PdP2 involves the reaction of palladium acetylacetonate and HMPT to nucleate defective Pd5P2 nanoparticles that subsequently, with further phosphorus incorporation, crystallize into PdP2. The produced PdP2 NCs showed high mass activity and long-term stability toward the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media. The activity and stability of the PdP2-based catalyst were further improved by supporting PdP2 NCs onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO). PdP2/rGO catalysts showed high current densities up to 51.4 mA cm-2 and mass activities of 1.60 A mg-1Pd, that is 4.8 and 15 times higher than Pd NCs.
Overall, in this thesis serval metal phosphide nanomaterials were produced by colloidal synthetic strategy, and showed highly performance for electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications.Los fosfuros metálicos son materiales funcionales de gran interés e impacto en la sociedad debido a su gran rendimiento en almacenamiento y conversión de energía. Sin embargo, la síntesis de nanopartículas de fosfuros metálicos y su escalabilidad es limitada. En la presente tesis, se ha desarrollado un proceso de producción para nanopartículas de fosfuros metálicos simple, escalable y rentable. El éxito de los resultados radica en el uso de fosfito de trifenilo, considerado como una fuente de fósforo barata, estable al contacto con el aire y no tóxica, que además permite la síntesis de una gran variedad de nanocristales (NCs) (fosfuros de Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, así como fosfuros ternarios de Ni2-xCoxP). Optimizando los parámetros experimentales, es posible producir NCs de diferente composición, morfología y tamaño. Además, el uso de solventes de alto punto de ebullición, facilita la síntesis de materiales menos estudiados como el CrP. Los NCs de Ni2-xCoxP y CrP NCs pueden ser combinados con carbono dando lugar a electrocatalizadores útiles para reacciones tales como evolución de hidrógeno y reducción de oxígeno, respectivamente. El uso de otras fuentes de fósforo, como por ejemplo la triamida de hexametilfósforo, permite a su vez producir NCs de SnP y PdP2. En el caso particular de SnP, los NCs demostraton poseer una geometría esférica y una fase cristalográfica trigonal con una superestructura atribuida a los pares difósforos ordenados. Mezclados con carbón negro y utilizados como ánodos en baterías de ion sodio, estos NCs demostraron una alta capacidad reversible de 600 mA h g-1 a una densidad de corriente de 100 mA g-1 y estables durante más de 200 ciclos. Por otro lado, los NCs de PdP2 soportados sobre óxido de grafeno se utilizaron como electrocatalizadores para la oxidación de etanol, mostrando una alta densidad de corriente de hasta 51.4 mA cm-2 y una actividad de masa de 1.60 A mg-1Pd. En resumen, se han desarrollado métodos de síntesis basados en estrategias coloidales para poder producir una gran variedad de fosfuros metálicos a escala nanométrica, mostrando estos un gran rendimiento para su uso en conversión y almacenamiento de energía electroquímica.
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Mousselmal, Hadj Daoud. "Conception de dispositifs piézoélectriques de récupération d’énergie utilisant des structures multidirectionnelles et nanostructurés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0124.
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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur le développement de nouveaux systèmes piézoélectriques récupérateurs d’énergie à partir de vibrations mécaniques environnementales. L’objectif recherché est d’apporter des solutions à certaines contraintes fortes liées à la miniaturisation de ces systèmes, en vue de leur intégration en technologie MEMS. Les 2 axes majeurs suivis lors de ces travaux sont :(i) la nanostructuration par porosification du substrat silicium. Ce procédé permet de créer des zones fonctionnalisées possédant des propriétés locales de masse volumique et de rigidité plus faibles que celles du substrat silicium. Ceci permet d’une part d’améliorer le coefficient de couplage électromécanique global de la structure et, d’autre part, de maintenir la fréquence de résonance du mode fonctionnel dans une gamme fréquentielle basse (< que 1KHz) compatible avec le spectre de nombreuses sources vibratoires usuelles. Une série de modélisation par éléments finis d’un convertisseur type (poutre avec masse sismique) a établi les paramètres dimensionnels optimaux de la zone nanostructurée. L’efficacité de ce procédé de nanostructuration localisée a ensuite été évaluée expérimentalement sur des membranes en silicium. Il a été observé une réduction de la fréquence de résonance du mode fondamental, tout en minimisant les pertes par un choix judicieux de l’emplacement et de la largeur de la zone poreuse. (ii) Le développement de dispositifs récupérateurs à sensibilité multidirectionnelle. Ces dispositifs permettent de récupérer l’énergie quel que soit la direction de la sollicitation externe. Ils exploitent 3 modes propres distincts de flexion sollicités chacun par une composante particulière (ax, ay ou az) du vecteur accélération caractéristique de la sollicitation. Ces dispositifs basés sur une structure planaire de type double poutres orthogonales avec masse sismique centrale sont facilement intégrables et peuvent être déclinés de l’échelle centimétrique à l’échelle millimétrique en utilisant dans ce cas les technologies de type MEMS. Un modèle analytique simple a d’abord mis à jour les mécanismes énergétiques qui permettent d’obtenir une quantité d’énergie constante lorsque le dispositif est soumis à un vecteur sollicitation de direction quelconque. L’optimisation du coefficient de couplage électromécanique de chaque mode fonctionnel, ainsi que l’ajustement de leur fréquence de résonance ont été obtenu à l’aide d’un modèle à éléments finis. L’ensemble de ces résultats théoriques a été expérimentalement validé à l’aide de prototypes centimétriquesThis thesis work focuses on the development of new piezoelectric energy recovery systems from environmental mechanical vibration. The goal is to provide solutions to some strong constraints on the miniaturization of these systems, their integration in MEMS technology. The 2 major lines followed in this work are: (i) the nanostructuring by porosification silicon substrate. This method allows to create functionalized areas having local properties of density and lower rigidity than those of the silicon substrate. This allows on the one hand to improve the overall electromechanical coupling coefficient of the structure and, secondly, to maintain the resonant frequency of the operational mode in a low frequency range (< 1KHz) compatible with the spectrum of Many conventional vibratory sources. A series of finite element modeling of a type converter (beam with seismic mass) established the optimum dimensional parameters of nanostructured area. The effectiveness of this localized nanostructuring method was then evaluated experimentally on silicon membranes. It was observed a reduction of the resonance frequency of the fundamental mode, while minimizing losses by a judicious choice of the location and the width of the porous zone. (Ii) The development of recovery devices multidirectional sensitivity. These devices allow to recover energy regardless of the direction of the external load. They use 3 different eigenmodes bending each solicited by a particular component (ax, ay and az) vector solicitation characteristic acceleration. These devices based on a planar structure type double orthogonal beams with central seismic mass can be easily integrated and can be broken down to centimeter scale at the millimeter scale using in this case the MEMS technologies. A simple analytical model was first updated energy mechanisms that enable a constant amount of energy when the device is subjected to a bias vector in any direction. The optimization of the electromechanical coupling coefficient of each functional mode, and the adjustment of their resonance frequency were obtained using a finite element model. All these theoretical results has been experimentally validated using centimeter prototypes
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Mary, Charlotte. "Physico-chemistry, high pressure rheology and film-forming capacity of polymer-base oil solutions in EHL." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0013/document.
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Le développement de lubrifiants à haute valeur ajoutée subissant des conditions opératoires de plus en plus draconiennes, économes en carburant et performants pendant une longue durée reste un défi considérable pour les fabricants d’huiles. Cette thèse concerne l’étude du rôle et des actions des améliorants d’indice de viscosité (ou Viscosity Index Improvers (VII)) dans les lubrifiants moteurs. Le premier objectif visé dans ce travail est la caractérisation des comportements rhéologiques et la modélisation de la viscosité en fonction de conditions réelles de température, pression et contrainte de cisaillement pour des solutions d’huile de base et de polymère sans additifs fonctionnels. Plusieurs polymères (PAMA, OCP et PISH) de masses moléculaires et conformations (peigne, linéaire et étoile) différentes sont utilisés à 1,2% en masse dans une huile de base minérale hydrocraquée. L’originalité de la thèse réside dans l’utilisation de rhéomètres non-commerciaux à haute pression (jusqu’à 800 MPa). Un deuxième défi réside dans la compréhension de la relation entre la réponse rhéologique des lubrifiants automobiles simplifiés et les mécanismes présents à l’échelle moléculaire en explorant les notions de conformation, de solubilité et de rayon hydrodynamique grâce à l’extension de la loi d’Einstein à haute pression. Enfin, l’étude se concentre sur le lien entre rhéologie et tribologie et par extension, entre la composition chimique du lubrifiant et la tribologie. Les épaisseurs de film sont mesurées et comparées avec les prédictions analytiques de Hamrock-Dowson et avec les simulations numériques basées sur l’équation de Reynolds généralisée en incluant les modèles rhéologiques. Les données expérimentales et numériques sont en adéquationThe development of high value-added lubricants overcoming more and more drastic operating conditions, fuel-efficient and providing excellent performance during a long time remains a huge challenge for oil makers. This thesis is dedicated to the study of the role and the actions of Viscosity Index Improvers (VII) in engine lubricants. The first objective targeted in this work is the characterization of the rheological behaviors and the modeling of viscosity in function of realistic conditions of temperature, pressure and shear stress for polymer-thickened base oil solutions without functional additives. Several polymers (PAMA, OCP and PISH) with different molecular weights and conformations (comb, linear and star) are used with a concentration of 1.2% (w/w) in a hydrocracked mineral base oil. The originality of the thesis lies in the use of non-commercial rheometers under high pressure (up to 800 MPa). A second challenge is the understanding of the relationship between the rheological response of simplified engine lubricants and the mechanisms occurring at the molecular scale by exploring the notions of conformation, solubility and hydrodynamic radius by the extension of the Einstein’s law at high pressure. Finally, the study focuses on the link between rheology and tribology and by extrapolation, between the chemical composition of the lubricant and tribology. The film thickness is measured and compared with the Hamrock-Dowson analytical predictions and with the numerical simulations based on the generalized Reynolds’ equation including the rheological models. Both experimental and numerical data are in good agreement
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Haboubi, Walid. "Développements de circuits Rectennae bi-polarisation, bi-bande pour la récupération et conversion d’énergie électromagnétique à faible niveau." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1089/document.
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L'amélioration de l'autonomie énergétique des systèmes communicants constitue aujourd'hui une des préoccupations majeures pour leur déploiement massif dans notre environnement. On souhaite rendre complètement autonome ces dispositifs électroniques (on pense entre autres aux capteurs et réseaux de capteurs) en s'affranchissant des sources d'énergie embarquées qui nécessitent des opérations de remplacement ou de recharge périodiques. Parmi les sources d'énergie disponibles qui peuvent être exploitées, on trouve les ondes électromagnétiques. Le dispositif qui permet de capter cette énergie et la convertir en puissance continue utile est dénommé Rectenna (Rectifying antenna) qui associe une antenne de captation à un circuit de rectification à base de diodes. Les rectennae ont fait l'objet d'un nombre important de communications dans la littérature ces dernières années avec pour fil conducteur, la recherche de performances optimales compte tenu de l'atténuation des ondes électromagnétiques et des faibles niveaux de champ récupérés. C'est dans ce contexte que s'est déroulé ce travail de thèse dont le financement a été assuré par un contrat ANR (REC-EM).Dans ce travail, on s'est attaché à développer, à concevoir et à caractériser expérimentalement des structures planaires qui présentent des propriétés intéressantes :- En terme de polarisations orthogonales, ceci de façon à s'affranchir de l'orientation arbitraire de l'onde incidente à la rectenna. Une rectenna à double polarisation circulaire à 2.45 GHz et à double accès sera réalisée pour, de plus, s'affranchir de la perte de 3 dB lorsque l'onde récupérée est à polarisation linéaire à orientation arbitraire.- En termes de résonances multiples, ceci pour augmenter le niveau de puissance récupérée par l'antenne et optimiser la puissance continue convertie. Une rectenna à double fréquence (1.8 et 2.45 GHz) et à accès unique sera conçue ainsi qu'une rectenna constituée d'un réseau de deux antennes double fréquence.- En terme de réduction de taille en s'affranchissant de l'utilisation du filtre HF entre l'antenne et le circuit de conversion ceci pour l'ensemble des structures rectennae développées dans ce travail. Dans tous les cas, il sera nécessaire de développer le circuit de rectification le plus adapté à la topologie de l'antenne de captation et évaluer la technique de recombinaison optimale coté DC pour s'affranchir au mieux des déséquilibres qui peuvent apparaître entre les voies d'accès de l'antenne. Pour contenir les dimensions de la structure globale, des circuits mono diode seront dimensionnés et réalisés pour chacune des structures. Enfin, on exploitera l'antenne à double polarisation circulaire double accès, dont on cherchera à diminuer les dimensions, pour alimenter un capteur de température à affichage LCD. Pour augmenter le niveau de tension nécessaire au fonctionnement du capteur, nous associerons entre la rectenna et le capteur un convertisseur DC-DC. Il s'agit, dans ce cas, d'un dispositif de gestion d'énergie adapté pour les faibles puissances. Deux convertisseurs seront employés dont celui développé par les laboratoires Ampère de l'Ecole Centrale de Lyon et SATIE à l'ENS Cachan. Ce convertisseur a fait l'objet d'une thèse également financée par l'ANR dans le cadre de ce contrat REC-EMImproving energy autonomy of communication systems constitutes one of the major concerns for their massive deployment in our environment. We want to make these electronic devices (sensors and sensor networks) completely autonomous, avoiding the embedded energy sources that require replacement operations or periodic charging. Among the available energy sources that can be harvested, there are electromagnetic waves. The device that can capture this energy and convert it into useful DC power is called Rectenna (Rectifying antenna), combining antenna with diode-based rectifier. In recent few years, rectennas have reached a significant number of papers in the literature. The main challenge consists in improving performances in term of efficiency, in an attempt to overcome the electromagnetic wave attenuation and the low available field level. According to this context, this PhD work supported by the ANR project REC-EM has taken place. In this study, we have developed, designed and characterized planar structures that have interesting properties:- In term of orthogonal polarizations, so energy harvesting becomes feasable regardless the arbitrary orientation of the incident wave on the rectenna. A dual-circularly polarized rectenna at 2.45 GHz with dual-access will be set up to overcome the 3 dB power loss in the case of linearly-polarized incident wave with unknown orientation.- In term of multiple resonances, so the amount of total RF power collected by the antenna can be increased and consequently the converted DC power level can also be improved. A dual-frequency rectenna (1.8 and 2.45 GHz) with single access will be designed, as well as a rectenna based upon a dual-frequency antenna array.- In term of size compactness by avoiding the use of the HF filter between the antenna and the rectifier for all developed rectenna structures during this work. In all cases, it will be necessary to define the most suitable rectifier topology to each antenna and select, if it is appropriated, the optimum DC recombination technique to overcome the effects of RF power imbalance that may occur between the different antenna accesses. Besides, single-diode circuits will be designed and fulfilled for each structure. Finally, we will miniaturize the dual-circularly polarized dual-access antenna, and exploit it to power a LCD display temperature sensor. To enhance the DC voltage level required to activate the sensor, a DC-DC converter is inserted between the rectenna and the sensor. Such energy management device should be able to operate under low delivered DC power. Two converters will be used. The first one is developed by Ampere Lab at Ecole Centrale de Lyon and SATIE Lab at ENS Cachan. This converter was the subject of another dissertation also supported by the ANR under the REC-EM project
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Grabbe, Mårten. "Marine Current Energy Conversion : Resource and Technology." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala University, Electricity, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113365.
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Grabbe, Mårten. "Hydro-Kinetic Energy Conversion : Resource and Technology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-195942.
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The kinetic energy present in tidal currents and other water courses has long been appreciated as a vast resource of renewable energy. The work presented in this doctoral thesis is devoted to both the characteristics of the hydro-kinetic resource and the technology for energy conversion. An assessment of the tidal energy resource in Norwegian waters has been carried out based on available data in pilot books. More than 100 sites have been identified as interesting with a total estimated theoretical resource—i.e. the kinetic energy in the undisturbed flow—in the range of 17 TWh. A second study was performed to analyse the velocity distributions presented by tidal currents, regulated rivers and unregulated rivers. The focus is on the possible degree of utilization (or capacity factor), the fraction of converted energy and the ratio of maximum to rated velocity, all of which are believed to be important characteristics of the resource affecting the economic viability of a hydro-kinetic energy converter. The concept for hydro-kinetic energy conversion studied in this thesis comprises a vertical axis turbine coupled to a directly driven permanent magnet generator. One such cable wound laboratory generator has been constructed and an experimental setup for deployment in the river Dalälven has been finalized as part of this thesis work. It has been shown, through simulations and experiments, that the generator design at hand can meet the system requirements in the expected range of operation. Experience from winding the prototype generators suggests that improvements of the stator slot geometry can be implemented and, according to simulations, decrease the stator weight by 11% and decrease the load angle by 17%. The decrease in load angle opens the possibility to reduce the amount of permanent magnetic material in the design.
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Malik, Mohammad Rafi. "Reduced-orderCombustion Models for Innovative Energy Conversion Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/318799/4/TOC.pdf.
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The present research seeks to advance the understanding and application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based combustion modelling for practical systems application. This work is a consistent extension to the standard PC-transport model, and integrates the use of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) in order to increase the accuracy and the potential of size reduction offered by PCA. This new model, labelled PC-GPR, is successively applied and validated in a priori and a posteriori studies.In the first part of this dissertation, the PC-GPR model is validated in an a priori study based on steady and unsteady perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) calculations. The model showed its great accuracy in the predictions for methane and propane, using large kinetic mechanisms. In particular, for methane, the use of GPR allowed to model accurately the system with only 2 principal components (PCs) instead of the 34 variables in the original GRI-3.0 kinetic mechanism. For propane, the model was applied to two different mechanisms consisting of 50 species and 162 species respectively. The PC-GPR model was able to achieve a very significant reduction, and the thermo-chemical state-space was accurately predicted using only 2 PCs for both mechanisms.The second part of this work is dedicated to the application of the PC-GPR model in the framework of non-premixed turbulent combustion in a fully three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES). To this end, an a posteriori validation is performed on the Sandia flames D, E and F. The PC-GPR model showed very good accuracy in the predictions of the three flames when compared with experimental data using only 2 PCs, instead of the 35 species originally present in the GRI 3.0 mechanism. Moreover, the PC-GPR model was also able to handle the extinction and re-ignition phenomena in flames E and F, thanks to the unsteady data in the training manifold. A comparison with the FPV model showed that the combination of the unsteady data set and the best controlling variables for the system defined by PCA provide an alternative to the use of steady flamelets parameterized by user-defined variables and combined with a PDF approach.The last part of this research focuses on the application of the PC-GPR model in a more challenging case, a lifted methane/air flame. Several key features of the model are investigated: the sensitivty to the training data set, the influence of the scaling methods, the issue of data sampling and the potential of a subgrid scale (SGS) closure. In particular, it is shown that the training data set must contain the effects of diffusion in order to accurately predict the different properties of the lifted flame. Moreover, the kernel density weighting method, used to address the issue of non-homogenous data density usually found in numerical data sets, allowed to improve the predictions of the PC-GPR model. Finally, the integration of subgrid scale closure to the PC-GPR model allowed to significantly improve the simulations results using a presumed PDF closure. A qualitative comparison with the FPV model showed that the results provided by the PC-GPR model are overall very comparable to the FPV results, with a reduced numerical cost as PC-GPR requires a 4D lookup table, instead of a 5D in the case of FPV.Le double défi de l'énergie et du changement climatique mettent en avant lanécessité de développer des nouvelles technologies de combustion, étantdonné que les projections les plus réalistes montrent que la plus grandeaugmentation de l'offre d'énergie pour les décennies à venir se fera à partirde combustibles fossiles. Ceci représente donc une forte motivation pour larecherche sur l'efficacité énergétique et les technologies propres. Parmicelles-ci, la combustion sans flamme est un concept nouvellementdéveloppé qui permet d'obtenir des rendements thermiques élevés avecdes économies de carburant tout en maintenant les émissions polluantes àun niveau très bas. L'intérêt croissant pour cette technologie est égalementmotivé par sa grande flexibilité de carburant, ce qui représente uneprécieuse opportunité pour les carburants à faible valeur calorifique, lesdéchets industriels à haute valeur calorifique et les combustibles à based'hydrogène. Etant donné que cette technologie est plutôt récente, elle estde ce fait encore mal comprise. Les solutions d'une application industriellesont très difficiles à transposer à d'autres. Pour améliorer les connaissancesdans le domaine de la combustion sans flamme, il est nécessaire de menerdes études fondamentales sur ce nouveau procédé de combustion afin defavoriser son développement. En particulier, il y a deux différencesmajeures par rapport aux flammes classiques :d’une part, les niveaux deturbulence rencontrés dans la combustion sans flamme sont rehaussés, enraison des gaz de recirculation, réduisant ainsi les échelles de mélange.D'autre part, les échelles chimiques sont augmentées, en raison de ladilution des réactifs. Par conséquent, les échelles turbulentes et chimiquessont du même ordre de grandeur, ce qui conduit à un couplage très fort.Après un examen approfondi de l'état de l'art sur la modélisation de lacombustion sans flamme, le coeur du projet représentera le développementd'une nouvelle approche pour le traitement de l'interaction turbulence /chimie pour les systèmes sans flamme dans le contexte des simulationsaux grandes échelles (Large Eddy Simulations, LES). Cette approche serafondée sur la méthode PCA (Principal Component Analysis) afin d'identifierles échelles chimiques de premier plan du processus d'oxydation. Cetteprocédure permettra de ne suivre sur la grille LES qu'un nombre réduit descalaires non conservés, ceux contrôlant l'évolution du système. Destechniques de régression non-linéaires seront couplées avec PCA afind’augmenter la précision et la réductibilité du modèle. Après avoir été validégrâce à des données expérimentales de problèmes simplifiés, le modèlesera mis à l'échelle afin de gérer des applications plus grandes, pertinentespour la combustion sans flamme. Les données expérimentales etnumériques seront validées en utilisant des indicateurs de validationappropriés pour évaluer les incertitudes expérimentales et numériques.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
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Books on the topic "Energy conversion technologie"
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1946-, Parker Colin, Roberts Tim, Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety., and Environmental Resources Limited, eds. Energy from waste: An evaluation of conversion technologies. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1985.
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Rüdiger, Mautz, ed. Renewable energies. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.
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author, Tabatabaian Mehrzad, ed. Direct energy conversion technologies. Dulles, Virginia: Mercury Learning & Information, 2020.
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E, Salvagin Carlton, ed. Energy technologies and conversion systems. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1986.
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Liu, Ru-Shi, Lei Zhang, Xueliang Sun, Hansan Liu, and Jiujun Zhang, eds. Electrochemical Technologies for Energy Storage and Conversion. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527639496.
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1931-, Branover Herman, and Unger Yeshajahu, eds. Metallurgical technologies, energy conversion, and magnetohydrodynamic flows. Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993.
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V, Peinemann K., and Nunes S. P, eds. Membranes for energy conversion. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008.
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Kimes, Laura. Biomass conversion: Emerging technologies, feedstocks, and products. Washington, D.C: Sustainability Program, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007.
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Inman, D. J., and Shashank Priya. Energy harvesting technologies. New York: Springer, 2009.
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R, Ramesh, Udayakumar K, and Anandakrishnan M, eds. Renewable energy technologies: Ocean thermal energy conversion and other sustainable energy options. New Delhi: Narosa, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Energy conversion technologie"
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Chamberlain, Jeffrey P., Roel Hammerschlag, and Christopher P. Schaber. "Energy Storage Technologies *." In Energy Conversion, 497–523. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Series:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192-17.
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Serrano-Ruiz, Juan Carlos. "Biomass Conversion Technologies: Catalytic Conversion Technologies." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 113–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48288-0_5.
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Kok, Kenneth D., and Edwin A. Harvego. "Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035." In Energy Conversion, 455–90. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Series:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192-15.
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Wolff, Lodwijk Reiner, and Valerylvanovit Yarigin. "Thermionic Energy Conversion, Space Technology for Energy Conservation." In Conversion, 199–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95701-7_32.
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Messenger, Roger, D. Yogi Goswami, Hari M. Upadhyaya, Senthilarasu Sundaram, Aruna Ivaturi, Stephan Buecheler, and Ayodhya N. Tiwari. "Photovoltaics Fundamentals, Technology and Application." In Energy Conversion, 765–850. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Series:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192-20.
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Bronicki, Lucien Y. "Geothermal Power Conversion Technology geothermal power conversion technology." In Renewable Energy Systems, 818–923. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_233.
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Erselcan, İlkay Özer, Doğuş Özkan, Egemen Sulukan, and Tanay Sıdkı Uyar. "Wave Energy Conversion Technologies." In Renewable Energy Based Solutions, 345–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05125-8_14.
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Kumara Behera, Basanta, and Ajit Varma. "Microbial Energy Conversion Technology." In Microbial Resources for Sustainable Energy, 1–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33778-4_1.
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Gouveia, Luisa, and Paula C. Passarinho. "Biomass Conversion Technologies: Biological/Biochemical Conversion of Biomass." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 99–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48288-0_4.
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Pavlovic, Tomislav, Plamen Ts Tsankov, Nikola Dj Cekić, and Ivana S. Radonjić Mitić. "Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion." In The Sun and Photovoltaic Technologies, 45–193. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22403-5_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Energy conversion technologie"
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Surendranath, Yogesh, Matthew W. Kanan, and Daniel G. Nocera. "New Opportunities for Direct Light-to-Fuel Energy Conversion." In Optics and Photonics for Advanced Energy Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/energy.2009.thb7.
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Keding, Marcus, Ivanhoe Vasiljevich, Piotr Dudzinski, Martin Tajmar, and J. Gerger. "Development of Innovative Micro Power Converter Technologies at the Austrian Institute of Technology." In 7th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4522.
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Stoller, Paul J., and Walter R. Niessen. "Lessons Learned From the 1970s Experiments in Solid Waste Conversion Technologies." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2348.
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Countless proposals for conversion technologies applied to municipal solid waste (MSW), such as gasification, many of which include mechanical processing of the MSW prior to the thermal conversion steps, have generated significant interest and press over the past few years. Many community groups and local officials are being pressured by developers to view these technologies as better and more politically acceptable alternatives to mass burn waste-to-energy facilities. From a historical perspective, most (but not all) of the basic technologies being promoted today are not new, but are variations of technologies that were evaluated and tested during the 1970s for use in processing and converting MSW. This paper presents overviews and several case studies of the MSW conversion technologies that were developed and tested during the 1970s including MSW processing and gasification technologies, and sets forth: • Lessons learned from those experiments. • Based upon the lessons learned, recommended rules of engagement for those contemplating evaluation or use of a processing and/or conversion technology. • A practical application of the above lessons learned and rules of engagement to the plasma arc gasification technology currently being promoted by a number of developers. The contents of this paper should be carefully considered by anyone contemplating the merits and feasibility of any MSW processing and/or conversion technology being promoted today or in the future.
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"Session TH17: Wind energy conversion technologies III." In 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2008.4592676.
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"Session TU21: Wind energy conversion technologies II." In 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2008.4592195.
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"Session MO5: Wind energy conversion technologies I." In 2008 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2008.4591906.
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Chen, F. C., and R. J. Fiskum. "Test and Operation of a PEM Fuel Cell Power System." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40166.
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The fuel cell power system is an emerging energy technology. It promises high energy conversion efficiency and cleaner emissions than many of the available power conversion technologies. It is amenable to co-generation that would result in even better total energy utilization. This paper describes the initial testing and operating experience of a 5-kWe natural gas-powered PEM fuel cell technology development unit with waste heat recovery for grid-parallel residential applications.
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Ebhota, Williams S., and Tien-Chien Jen. "Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Potentials and Outlooks." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86991.
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This review focuses on modern energy attributes and to identify alternative energy source and technology that satisfy energy trilemma requirements. The results and findings of the study show that photovoltaic (PV) solar cells technologies have the potentials of satisfying the global energy quest if deployed more. This study x-rays the different PV cells technologies in terms of generation chronology, power conversion efficiencies (PCE), (EPBT), present status and outlook. This study harmonises many photovoltaic performance indexes from review as follow: PV module power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of solar cells: lab -mono-Si (26.7%), multi-Si (22.3%), CIGS (21.7%), for and CdTe (21.0%); commercial - mono-Si (17%), CdTe (16.0%); energy payback time (EPBT) in Europe, 1–1.5 years and 1.5–3.5 years for thin film and crystalline silicon PV systems, respectively, 3 months and 8 months for perovskite (PSC) and CdTe solar cells respectively. The price of PV has drastically declined from $76/W in 1997 to $0.3/W in 2015. By 2050 and 2100, PV solar technology is expected to provide 20% and over 60% of the world’s energy supply, respectively. This will account for 50% CO2 emissions reduction globally. The projections depend on further improvement on the performance indexes and lifetime, series resistance, and optical properties. CdTe technology performs better than other technologies at elevated temperature, hence, recommended for tropical regions.
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Basso, Thomas. "Photovoltaics - Technology providing global energy solutions." In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3859.
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Hotz, Nico. "Nano-Structured Catalytic Material for Solar-Powered Biofuel Reforming." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89729.
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The main goal of this project is to combine two renewable energy conversion technologies (low-temperature fuel cells and solarthermal collectors) to achieve synergies in terms of cost and energetic efficiency compared to systems based on a single energy source and energy conversion technology. Direct solar-to-electric energy conversion, such as photovoltaics, is currently not economically competitive with traditional electric power generation. Fuel cell technology using alcoholic fuel possibly generated from biomass (e.g. methanol) is not competitive in terms of costs either. The system proposed for this project is based on relatively cheap, commercially available hardware components (intermediate-temperature solar collector, pressurized gas tank, hydrogen-fed Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell) and benefits in terms of energetic efficiency from the cost-free supply of solar heat. By applying micro-fabrication technology and nano-scale structures (e.g. for catalytic surfaces), the efficiency of all individual system components and of the entire system can be increased drastically. The catalytic activity of micro-reactors containing this foam-like ceramic is tested in terms of their ability to convert alcoholic biofuel (e.g. methanol) to a hydrogen-rich gas mixture with low concentrations of carbon monoxide (up to 75% hydrogen content and less than 0.2% CO, for the case of methanol). This gas mixture is subsequently used in a low-temperature fuel cell, converting the hydrogen directly to electricity. A low concentration of CO is crucial to avoid poisoning of the fuel cell catalyst. Since conventional Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells require CO concentrations far below 100 ppm and since most methods to reduce the mole fraction of CO (such as Preferential Oxidation or PROX) have CO conversions of up to 99%, the alcohol fuel reformer has to achieve initial CO mole fractions significantly below 1%. The catalyst and the porous ceramic reactor of the present study can successfully fulfill this requirement.
Reports on the topic "Energy conversion technologie"
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Johnston, Sweyn, John McGlynn, Veronica R. Prado, and Joseph Williams. Ocean Energy in the Caribbean: Technology Review, Potential Resource and Project Locational Guidance. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003783.
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This publication assesses the potential for deployment of the leading Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies including Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion across nine Countries of Interest (COI) in the Caribbean region. This is achieved by conducting a technology review, analysing resource levels in each of the COIs, and presenting the outputs of Locational Guidance work identifying preferred areas for potential future project development. This work concludes that MRE can offer a secure supply of indigenous clean energy, that resources are sufficiently abundant to meet the current and future energy demand of each of the COIs many times over, and that the leading MRE technologies are sufficiently advanced to be worthy of immediate prioritisation. This Technical Note draws on and presents outcomes from work undertaken in 2019 as part of a Technical Cooperation Agreement between the IDB and CDB under the Support for Sustainable and Resilient Projects in the Caribbean programme.
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Rochau, Gary E. Advanced Reactor Technology/Energy Conversion Project FY17 Accomplishments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1423535.
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EJ Brown, PF Baldasaro, SR Burger, LR Danielson, DM DePoy, JM Dolatowski, PM Fourspring, GJ Nichols, WF Topper, and TD Rahmlow. The Status of Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion Technology at Lockheed Martin Corporation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837657.
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E.J. Brown, P.F. Baldasaro, S.R. Burger, L.R. Danielson, D.M. DePoy, G.J. Nichols, W.F. Topper, and T.D. Rahmlow. The Status of Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion Technology at Lockheed Martin Corp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821963.
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Koziel, Jacek, Yael Laor, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Robert Armon, Steven Hoff, and Uzi Ravid. Simultaneous Treatment of Odorants and Pathogens Emitted from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) by Advanced Oxidation Technologies. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592646.bard.
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A feasibility study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV/TiO2/O3 photooxidation technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory (US) and semi-pilot (Israel) scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.
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Hashimoto, Andrew G., Susan Crow, Barbara DeBeryshe, Richard Ha, Lee Jakeway, Samir Khanal, Mae Nakahata, et al. Development of High Yield Feedstocks and Biomass Conversion Technology for Renewable Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177688.
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Fine, H. A. Thermal insulation research plan for the Energy Conversion and Utilization Technologies (ECUT) materials program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5076356.
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Eberhardt, J. J., M. E. Gunn, and T. M. Levinson. Systems analysis research for energy conversion and utilization technologies (ECUT). FY 1985 annual report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6493177.
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Kolodziejczyk, Bart. Unsettled Issues Concerning the Use of Green Ammonia Fuel in Ground Vehicles. SAE International, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021003.
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While hydrogen is emerging as a clean alternative automotive fuel and energy storage medium, there are still numerous challenges to implementation, such as the economy of hydrogen production and deployment, expensive storage materials, energy intensive compression or liquefaction processes, and limited trial applications. Synthetic ammonia production, on the other hand, has been available on an industrial scale for nearly a century. Ammonia is one of the most-traded commodities globally and the second most-produced synthetic chemical after sulfuric acid. As an energy carrier, it enables effective hydrogen storage in chemical form by binding hydrogen atoms to atmospheric nitrogen. While ammonia as a fuel is still in its infancy, its unique properties render it as a potentially viable candidate for decarbonizing the automotive industry. Yet, lack of regulation and standards for automotive applications, technology readiness, and reliance on natural gas for both hydrogen feedstocks to generate the ammonia and facilitate hydrogen and nitrogen conversion into liquid ammonia add extra uncertainty to use scenarios. Unsettled Issues Concerning the Use of Green Ammonia Fuel in Ground Vehicles brings together collected knowledge on current and future prospects for the application of ammonia in ground vehicles, including the technological and regulatory challenges for this new type of clean fuel.
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Drost, M. K., and J. R. Zaworski. Review of second law analysis techniques applicable to the Energy Conversion and Utilization Technologies Thermal Sciences Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6105365.
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