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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy consumption – Indonesia'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Dat, Nguyen Duy, Nguyen Hoang, Mai Thanh Huyen, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Luong Minh Lan. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no. 5 (August 10, 2020): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10243.

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2

Nugroho, Fathul, and Noor Syaifudin. "Partial-factor Energy Efficiency Model of Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 164 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816401009.

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This study employs the partial-factor energy efficiency to reveal the relationships between energy efficiency and the consumption of both, the renewable energy and non-renewable energy in Indonesia. The findings confirm that consumption of non-renewable energy will increase the inefficiency in energy consumption. On the other side, the use of renewable energy will increase the energy efficiency in Indonesia. As the result, the Government of Indonesia may address this issue by providing more support to the development and the consumption of renewable energy in order to increase the energy efficiency and vise versa.
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3

Nazer, Muhammad, and Hefrizal Handra. "Analisis Konsumsi Energi Rumah Tangga Perkotaan di Indonesia: Periode Tahun 2008 dan 2011." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v16i2.588.

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Urban Household Energy Consumption Analysis in Indonesia: Period of 2008 and 2011The goal of the study is to analyze the pattern and the change of urban household energy consumption and their determinant factors in Indonesia period of 2008 and 2011 using SUSENAS data of household budget survey. The concept of energy ladder and fuel stacking (multi fuel) are used to make a model of household energy consumption. The result of study shows that total energy consumption was increase in the period of 2008 and 2011. Coefficient of income elasticity toward both of modern and traditional energy consumption are positive, it means that there is rising consumption of energy along with the rising income. Household income is the main determinant factor of energy used by household besides other non-economic factors.Keywords: Energy Consumption; Energy Ladder; Household Energy AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola dan perubahan konsumsi energi rumah tangga daerah perkotaan di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya tahun 2008 dan 2011 dengan memanfaatkan data hasil survei pengeluaran rumah tangga SUSENAS. Konsep energy ladder dan fuel stacking (multi-fuel) diaplikasikan untuk membuat model konsumsi energi rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa konsumsi energi (total), modern, dan tradisional rumah tangga perkotaan mengalami kenaikan pada periode tahun 2008 dan 2011. Koefisien elastisitas pendapatan terhadap konsumsi energi modern dan tradisional bernilai positif, yang berarti bahwa terjadi peningkatan konsumsi energi modern dan tradisional sejalan dengan peningkatan pendapatan. Pendapatan rumah tangga adalah faktor yang paling menentukan konsumsi energi rumah tangga di samping faktor non-ekonomi lainnya seperti luas lantai rumah dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga.
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4

Zulkifli, Muhammad, Ryoji Tohyama, Tomohiro Tohyama, and Kazuyuki Maeda. "Renewable Energy Developments in Indonesia." EPI International Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022019.15.

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Replacing fossil fuel use with renewable energy is an effective way to reducing level of carbon emission and one of solution facing the growth demand of electricity in Indonesia, especially in the rural areas where the national electricity grid is not yet installed. In light of the perspective of promoting the renewable energy, we plan to use palm oil as biofuels for power generation activities that will help to supply electricity for the local community consumption in Indonesia. This paper is a preliminary study that aims to overview the progress of renewable energy development in Indonesia, also to introduce background of our plan as one of the solutions in dealing to with Indonesia`s current somewhat limited renewable energy usage condition. Based on expected outputs of our plan, this study tries to discuss our concepts which is to promote of Local Production Energy for Local Consumption and its application which will lead to development of one Smart Energy Community, as one of the key points to developing a Smart City.
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5

Fattah, Azhima Muhammad, Jaka Aminata, Indah Susilowati, and Arief Pujiyono. "Causality Analysis: Economic Growth, Economic Openness, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Indonesia." Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen 36, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24856/mem.v36i2.2029.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the causality between economic variables, i.e. economic growth, economic openness, and energy consumption to carbon dioxide emissions, and analyze short-run and long-run connections between research variables in Indonesia during the period 1971 to 2018. This research is using VECM analysis and Granger Causality. The results of the VECM analysis in this research show that in the short-run the variable carbon dioxide emissions in the previous period, economic openness, and energy consumption have a significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia, and in the long run, the variables of economic growth, economic openness, and energy consumption have a significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia. The Granger Causality analysis found a bidirectional causality between energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. It also found unidirectional causality between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions. The recommendations that can be shared are that The Government of Indonesia should be more worried about the degradation in environmental quality in Indonesia as a result of economic development. On the other hand, in achieving sustainable economic development, the Indonesian Government must immediately use energy resources more efficiently and environmentally friendly
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6

Jafari, Yaghoob, Jamal Othman, and Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor. "Energy consumption, economic growth and environmental pollutants in Indonesia." Journal of Policy Modeling 34, no. 6 (November 2012): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2012.05.020.

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7

Prilandita, N., S. U. Purwaningati, and P. N. Indradjati. "Urban kampung and household energy consumption in Bandung, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 361 (December 6, 2019): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/361/1/012005.

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8

Mora, Minda. "Perkiraan Kebutuhan Energi PT. Garuda Indonesia sampai dengan Tahun 2015." WARTA ARDHIA 38, no. 2 (June 29, 2012): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v38i2.188.106-117.

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Air transportation has the highest energy consumption based on its speed among other transportation sector, such as land and marine transportation. Fuel cost is about 13-20 % of total operating cost of airline. PT. Garuda Indonesia is one of the national airline which high improvement. In 2010, PT. Garuda Indonesia has 67 unit of aircraft and will be increase to 116 unit of aircraft in 2014. The goal of this research is to estimate the energy consumption in PT. Garuda Indonesia until 2015. Result shows that in 2015, energy consumption in PT. Garuda Indonesia increase for about 33% or about 24.247 PJ of energy or 0,55 MegaTon of fuel compare to its fuel consumption in 2010.Transportasi udara merupakan sektor transportasi yang memiliki tingkat konsumsi energi paling tinggi berdasarkan kecepatannya. Pengeluaran maskapai penerbangan untuk bahan bakar minyak pesawat udara mencapai 13-20% dari total biaya operasional. PT. Garuda Indonesia merupakan salah satu maskapai penerbangan nasional yang mengalami perkembangan yang pesat beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Pada tahun 2010 Garuda Indonesia memiliki 67 armada pesawat udara dan ditargetkan menjadi 116 armada pada tahun 2014. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran kebutuhan energi di PT. Garuda Indonesia sampai dengan tahun 2015. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pemakaian energi di PT. Garuda Indonesia meningkat 33% atau sebesar 24.247 PJ atau 0,55 Mega Ton bahan bakar minyak dibandingkan pemakaian bahan bakar pada tahun 2010.
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9

Cahyono, Bambang Priyo, and Yusro Hakimah. "DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI, PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA, DAN KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI ENERGI FINAL DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Ecoment Global 4, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35908/jeg.v4i2.751.

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This study investigates the impact of economic growth on three main development sectors, household final consumption expenditure, and trade openness towards the growth of final energy consumption in Indonesia using annual data for the period 1972-2016. We applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) procedures which consist of stationarity test, cointegration test, as well as estimation the short-term and long-term relationships. The cointegration test revealed existence cointegration<br />relationship among the variables in the model. In the short-term and long-term model, our results indicated that the growth of value-added in agriculture sector and industry sector, household final consumption expenditures, and trade openness in the short-term and long-term have a significant effect toward final energy consumption in Indonesia, while the growth of value-added in the service sector only given a short-term effect toward final energy consumption in Indonesia. Based on these<br />results, it can be concluded that sustainable economic development in Indonesia needs to be accompanied by the development of new and renewable energy in order to fulfil domestic energy supply which is predicted to continue to increase rapidly in the future.<br />Keyword : final energi consumption, economic development, household final consumption expenditure, trade openness, autoregressive distributed lag modeling<br />JEL Classification : D1, E21, F14, O13, Q43.
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10

Azam, Muhammad, Abdul Qayyum Khan, Khalid Zaman, and Mehboob Ahmad. "Factors determining energy consumption: Evidence from Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42 (February 2015): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.061.

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11

Kurniawan, Robi, and Shunsuke Managi. "Forecasting annual energy consumption using machine learnings: Case of Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 257 (May 10, 2019): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/257/1/012032.

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12

Hwang, Jo-Hee, and Seung-Hoon Yoo. "Energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth: evidence from Indonesia." Quality & Quantity 48, no. 1 (August 9, 2012): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9749-5.

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13

Hartono, Djoni, Sasmita Hastri Hastuti, Audhi Ahmad Balya, and Wahyu Pramono. "Modern energy consumption in Indonesia: Assessment for accessibility and affordability." Energy for Sustainable Development 57 (August 2020): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2020.05.002.

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14

Safiah, Sudati Nur, Rr Retno Sugiharti, Rian Destiningsih, and Putra Arif Budiman. "DYNAMIC MODEL FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 11, no. 5 (August 20, 2021): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11376.

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15

Putri, R. E., M. I. A. Lubis, Andasuryani, A. Hasan, Santosa, and F. Arlius. "Energy audit of rice production in West Sumatra province, Indonesia." Supplementary 6 4, S6 (December 27, 2020): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(s6).019.

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Audit energy is an appropriate method to determine the energy consumption expended in each agricultural cultivation activity, thereby reducing the wasteful use of energy. Energy consumption in rice cultivations consists of humans, fuel, machinery, seed, fertilizer and pesticides. The objective of the study was to analyze the total energy consumptions in the form of an energy audit activity on lowland rice cultivation in West Sumatera Indonesia. It is important to do, because of much energy input excessed, but less on productivity. So, by using analysis energy expenditure, productivity can be optimized with fixed input energy the costs could be minimized. Energy inputs were measured during all operating activities in rice cultivation (seeding, tillage, planting, fertilizing, spraying, weeding and harvesting). Energy input analysis based on energy sources used was divided into six parameters, namely: engine energy, fuel, humans, seeds, chemicals (pesticides) and fertilizer energy. The result showed the average of the total energy inputs in this study was 16,816,612 MJ/ha distributed to human, fuel, machinery, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides energy respectively 216.39; 890.75; 60.02; 983.29; 14,207.54; and 458.60 MJ/ha. Production costs incurred in rice cultivation activities in this study were IDR 13,107,562/ ha. Finally, the rice yield prediction model based on the input energy are Y1 = 4786.56 – 28.29X1 + 36.23X2 - 24.73X3 - 8.43X4 + 0.06X5 - 0.80X6 and Y2 = 3605.11 + 5.44X2. The data of total energy were needed as a recommendation for the government to balance energy input and output on rice cultivations.
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16

Azhar, Muhamad, Solechan Solechan, Retno Saraswati, Putut Suharso, Suhartoyo Suhartoyo, and Budi Ispriyarso. "The New Renewable Energy Consumption Policy of Rare Earth Metals to Build Indonesia's National Energy Security." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186803008.

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This study aims to discuss the policy of using renewable energy in the form of rare metal eart as an effort to build national energy security. The research method used a legal research looking from various perspectives in social science. Law is seen as a space for the process of scientific study in order to seek truth. The use of relevant legal research wants to understand the law more thoroughly. In performing implementation analysis, using the method of Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) with focus on energy regulation. The results of the study show that: First, the policy of the Indonesian republic government regarding the use of new energy and renewable energy aims to prepare the carrying capacity of national energy security. This policy has not fully gone well. The policy is not supported by consistency in issuing derivative policies. Second, the use of new energy and renewable energy, especially rare earth metals as part of efforts to encourage national energy security in Indonesia is still very far from expectations. The use of rare eart metal is only around 0.7% of the use of new energy. Efforts to explore and exploit rare earth metals have not been carried out in a timely manner. Whereas the potential of rare earth metals is a strategic community and has the potential to encourage national energy security in Indonesia. Indonesia is projected to produce rare earth metals reaching 20% of the world's supply.
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17

Riyanto, Indra, Lestari Margatama, H. Hakim, Martini, and Dicky Hindarto. "Motion Sensor Application on Building Lighting Installation for Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Joint Crediting Mechanism." Applied System Innovation 1, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi1030023.

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Although common in developed countries such as Japan and Taiwan, the use of lamps coupled with motion sensors are still uncommon and even rare in Indonesia. Our experiment aims to show that simple installation of commercially available motion sensors can contribute to reduce the electricity bill from the increase of energy efficiency, abundance in availability of energy being the main factor in Indonesian high energy consumption habits. High electricity demand for consumption at current supply level in Indonesia led to the rising cost of electricity bills. This factor is compounded by the fact that many electric generators in Indonesia still use fossil fuels, which contributes to the high basic generation cost. UBL is one of the universities that aim to be a green campus. Our research explores the possibility of installing motion sensors to contribute to the energy efficiency. Although mostly common in developed countries, the use of motion sensors for energy efficiency is still rare, especially in Indonesia. Despite rising cost and supply shortages, Indonesian buildings are still of high energy consumption. Our experiment shows that simple installation of commercially available motion sensors can contribute to reduce the electricity bill from the increase of energy efficiency. One of the efforts to lower energy demand on the consumer side is to use the electricity efficiently, such as turning off lights in a room when it is not in use. This method can be simply done by turning the light switches for office and classrooms, but difficult to do in public spaces such as toilets and corridors. Automatic light switches experimentally installed in sample toilet rooms prove that electricity consumption from the lamps can contribute to the reduction of total weekly energy that translates into Greenhouse Gas emission reduction.
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18

Sasana, Hadi, and Annisa Eka Putri. "The Increase of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183101008.

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In the last decade, the increase of energy consumption that has multiplied carbondioxide emissions becomes world problems, especially in the developing countries undergoing industrialization to be developed ones like Indonesia. This aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fossil energy consumption, population growth, and consumption of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emission. The method used was multiple linear regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square approach using time series in the period of 1990 - 2014. The result showed that fossil energy consumption and population growth have a positive influence on carbon dioxide emission in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the consumption variable of renewable energy has a negative effect on the level of carbon dioxide emissions produced.
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19

Koç Yurtkur, Asuman, and Bersu Bahtiyar. "The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Inflation and Trade Openness: An Analysis for Fragile Five Countries." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 6, no. 6 (October 19, 2017): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v6i6.785.

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Energy is one of the most important dynamics of economic growth all over the world. Specially developing countries are in need of much more enery to provide economic growth. In this study, the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, inflation and trade openness is exaimined by using structural VAR model for fragile five countries which have similar characteristics in terms of macroeconomic indicators. The analysis carried out with annual data that contains 1971-2013 period for fragile countries which contains of Turkey, South Africa, India, Indonesia and Brazil. According to the empirical results of the study, shocks that emerged in economic growth affect energy consumption positively but decreasingly in all countries. A substantial part of changes in energy consumption are explaned with economic growth in Turkey, India and Brazil. More than 80 percent of changes in energy consumption arise from energy consumption in South Africa and Indonesia.
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20

Tarsidin, Idham, and Robbi Nur Rakhman. "Nowcasting Household Consumption and Investment in Indonesia." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 375–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v20i3.858.

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It is imperative for the Central Bank to know the current state of the economy as the basis underlying projections of future economic conditions. To that end, current economic conditions, in this case household consumption and investment, could be predicted using nowcasting. In this research, a nowcasting model was developed for the two aforementioned macroeconomic variables using a Dynamic Factor Model (DFM). Theindicators used when nowcasting household consumption included: motor vehicle sales, total deposits, the lending rate on consumer loans, M1 and the rupiah exchange rate (NEER), while the indicators used for nowcasting investment included: cement sales, motor vehicle production, electric energy consumption, outstanding loans and M1. Accuracy testing showed that the nowcasting model for household consumption using DFM was sound, while the forecast error for nowcasting investment was significant but remained below the benchmark.
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21

Senjawati, Maria Isfus, Lusi Susanti, Hilma Raimona Zadry, and Prima Fithri. "Gender Influence on the Household Electrical Energy Consumption Behavior." MATEC Web of Conferences 248 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824803001.

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Increased energy consumption can lead to depletion of fossil energy reserves that can pose a threat to energy supply in Indonesia. One way to increase the intensity of energy savings is to make changes in consumer behavior. The development of gender roles, abilities, and attention led most researchers to argue that women are more consistent in attention to environmental change than men. Women are more concerned with environmental quality and participate in environmental activities. Thus, this research tries to determine the influence of psychological factors on the behavior of household electrical energy consumption in term of gender differences. This study used questionnaires distributed using Google Docs to household electrical respondents several in Indonesia. Referring to ABC (Antecedents-Behaviour-Consequences) model of consumer behavior, the total of 808, questionnaires from 526 male respondents and 282 female respondents were successfully collected. The data were processed by the Partial Least Square Equation Modeling Model (SEM-PLS) using Smart-PLS software. The study concluded that,if given the consequences, women have higher influence to the behavior of electrical energy consumption than men. Overall psychological factors have a positive and significant influence on the behavior of electric energy consumption in Indonesia.
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22

Sesotya Utami, Sentagi, Faridah, Na’im A. Azizi, Erlin Kencanawati, M. Akbar Tanjung, and Balza Achmad. "Energy Monitoring System for Existing Buildings in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 42 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184201003.

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Current studies conducted by JICA, AMPRI and IFC-World Bank, reported that large commercial buildings in Indonesia are not energy and water efficient. One of the cause is the lack of regulation. Meanwhile, effective regulations to reduce energy and water consumption are the concern mostly in a new building to obtain a building permit. This strategy is understandable as retrofitting existing buildings are often more difficult to be implemented, and enforcement is still a major issue in Indonesia. Local governments are currently working on streamlining building permit process as well as developing an online monitoring system for existing buildings. By applying a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) enables to reduce energy consumption up to 15%. An energy monitoring system was designed and installed through this research for Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics (DNEEP) building, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. It is a 20 years old two-story building used for educational activities, which consist of classrooms, laboratories, offices and storage spaces. An audit energy was done recently in 2015 where an energy consumption of 261.299,636 kWh/year.m2 was reported. In the existing condition, a power meter is inaccessible and therefore, the only feedback of occupancy behavior in the energy consumption is through the electricity bill. The previous study has shown that building occupants would behave more efficiently if the amount of energy used is notified, and the amount of energy savings are recorded. However, these energy monitoring systems are considered expensive and uniquely tailored for every building. This research aims to design and install a cost effective BEMS based on occupant’s satisfactory assessment of the lighting, acoustics, and air conditioning quality. The data will be used as a decision supporting system (DSS) by building management through the use of a GUI. The design of the interface was based on a survey result from the prospective users. Installed energy monitoring system uses a current sensor with an accuracy of 98% and a precision of 0.04 A while the voltage sensor with an accuracy of 98% and a precision of 0.58 V. The performance testing shows that the number of web clients influences delay of data transmission. The result of the survey shows that GUI is categorized as fair in design without a significant difference between the perceptions of users with and without survey supervision.
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23

Anwar, Nurul, and Khalid Eltayeb Elfaki. "Examining the Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation Indonesia: Do Capital and Trade Openness Matter?" International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (May 27, 2021): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.37822.

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This paper examines the relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, and environmental degradation in Indonesia in 1965-2018 with the inclusion of gross capital formation and trade openness as relevant factors. The autoregressive distributed lag model to cointegration, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and canonical cointegrating regression approach applied to estimate this relationship. The result of cointegration confirms the existence of a cointegration relationship between energy consumption, economic growth, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, and environmental degradation. The empirical result, in the long run, indicates that energy consumption, economic growth, and trade openness have a positive relationship with environmental degradation. However, the gross fixed capital formation was found to be negatively associated with environmental degradation. This implying that gross fixed capital formation plays a pivotal role to reduce environmental degradation in Indonesia. The error correction model coefficient indicates that the deviation of CO2 emissions from its long run equilibrium will be adjusted by 0.53% through the short run channel per annual. The findings of this paper propose implementing an energy policy that focuses on energy from environmentally friendly sources. Reverse the effect of openness to the international markets to improve and facilitate access to advanced and environmentally friendly technologies to mitigate environmental degradation and improve environmental quality.
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Kurniawan, Andre, Nanang Qosim, Remon Lapisa, Zainal Abadi, and Jasman Jasman. "The Optimization of Building Energy Consumption in Universitas Negeri Padang Using Building Energy Simulation Program." Teknomekanik 4, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/teknomekanik.v4i1.9672.

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Energy consumption of a building is one of the biggest sources of energy use today. Green Building Comitte Indonesia (GBCI) has launched a concept of energy consumption saving in a nationally standard building. Audit Building energy audit is the way to know how actual building energy consumption is and find alternative solution to decrease energy consumption in order to fulfill the energy saving building criteria. Two types of HVAC systems will be run in the EnergyPlus simulation, split AC and central AC. The previous research proved that central AC is better than split AC system for energy saving in the building with 20 floors. The simulation results show that by using a certain energy system, a more efficient energy system will be achieved and can still maintain the comfort of the room at a temperature of 24 °C and relative humidity according to the Green Building Indonesia standard reference.
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25

Zaki, Achmad, and Heru Agus Santoso. "Model Fuzzy Tsukamoto untuk Klasifikasi dalam Prediksi Krisis Energi di Indonesia." Creative Information Technology Journal 3, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2016v3i3.76.

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Krisis energi dunia juga terjadi di Indonesia. Cadangan energi di Indonesia terutama energi fosil (minyak bumi, batubara, dan gas alam) semakin hari semakin menyusut. Ketersediaan akan energi fosil juga semakin berkurang karena peningkatan konsumsi energi per kapita. Untuk memprediksi krisis energi di Indonesia, paper ini mengusulkan pengembangan sistem inferensi fuzzy sukamoto untuk klasifikasi krisis energi berdasarkan parameter jumlah produksi, konsumsi energi dan faktor penggerak kebutuhan energi, yakni GDP dan populasi penduduk. Luaran dari sistem ini adalah klasifikasi berdasarkan parameter tersebut, yaitu kondisi aman, waspada dan krisis. Hasil eksperimen menunjukan sistem yang dibangun menghasilkan tingkat akurasi pada minyak bumi 90%, batubara 100 % dan gas alam 100%. Dengan adanya sistem ini diharapkan mampu memberikan peringatan dini dan pendukung keputusan bagi pemerintah atau pihak instansi terkait dalam memberikan penangan atau solusi terhadap masalah krisis energi. World energy crisis also occurred in Indonesia. Energy reserves in Indonesia, especially fossil fuels (petroleum, coal, and natural gas) are increasingly shrinking. The availability of fossil energy will also be on the wane because of an increase in energy consumption per capita. To predict the energy crisis in Indonesia, this paper proposes the development of sukamoto fuzzy inference systems for classification energy crisis based on parameters the amount of production, energy consumption and energy demand driven factors, namely GDP and population. Outcomes of this system is the classification based on these parameters, i.e., a safe condition, alert and crisis. The experimental results show the system produce levels of accuracy at 90% petroleum, natural gas 100% and CoA, 100%. This system are expected to provide an early warning and decision support for the government or the relevant agencies in giving the handlers or the solution to the problem of energy crisis.
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Fuada, Noviati, Sri Muljati, and Agus Triwinarto. "SUMBANGAN IKAN LAUT TERHADAP KECUKUPAN KONSUMSI PROTEIN PENDUDUK INDONESIA." Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) 41, no. 2 (June 12, 2019): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v41i2.1889.

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ABSTRACT Indonesia has double burden of malnutrition, occurring in almost all life cycles, especially energy and protein intake. The highest source of protein consumed by the community comes from grains (The consumption is around 20 grams, whereas based on animal source commodity groups, fish has the highest average of around 7 grams per capita. (SUSENAS, 2013).However, the proportion of fish consumption in Indonesia, especially marine fish, is still low at 25.5%. Indonesia has the potential of large marine and fisheries. Production reaches 10.86 million tons. Growth rate of national fisheries production, reaching an average of 10.02% per year (2005 to 2010). There is not much information on how much the contribution of protein from sea food with the recommended consumption of protein. The analysis was carried out on the data of SKMI by referring to the Nutrition Adequacy Score that is impressive for the Indonesian population. Individual data were analyzed as much a 85.414. The results showed that not all residents consumed marine fisheries every day, from 14,5360 individuals interviewed as many as 73,629 who consumed 50% with an average consumption 77.6 ± 63.2 grams. The consumption of protein from marine fisheries in the Indonesian population averaged 15.37 ± 11.9 grams and contributed as much as 28 percent of the AKG to the consumption of population protein in a day. Keywords: consumption, energy, protein, fish ABSTRAK Indonesia menghadapi masalah gizi ganda, terdapat pada semua siklus kehidupan, yaitu balita, remaja, dewasa, ibu hamil, dan lansia. Keadaan ini erat kaitannya dengan masalah asupan zat gizi terutama energi dan protein. Hasil Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 2013 menunjukkan bahwa sumber protein tertinggi yang dikonsumsi masyarakat berasal dari padi-padian sekitar 20 gram sedangkan berdasarkan kelompok komoditi sumber hewani, ikan memiliki rerata tertinggi yaitu sekitar 7 gram per kapita. Mutu protein ikan setingkat dengan mutu protein daging, sedikit di bawah mutu protein telur, dan di atas mutu protein serealia dan kacang-kacangan. Namun proporsi penduduk Indonesia yang mengonsumsi ikan khususnya ikan laut masih rendah yaitu 25,5 persen. Indonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan yang besar. Produksi mencapai 10,86 juta ton. Laju pertumbuhan produksi perikanan nasional mencapai rata-rata 10,02 persen per tahun (2005 – 2010). Belum banyak informasi berapa besar sumbangan protein dari ikan laut yang dikonsumsi penduduk terhadap kecukupan konsumsi protein yang dianjurkan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap data Survey Konsumsi Makanan Indonesia (SKMI) Badan Penelitian Pengembangan Kesehatan dengan mengacu pada angka kecukupan gizi yang dianjurkan bagi penduduk Indonesia. Data individu yang dianalisis sebanyak 85.414. Belum semua penduduk mengonsumsi ikan laut setiap hari, dari 145.360 individu yang diwawancara sebanyak 73.629 yang mengonsumsi ikan laut (50%) dengan rerata konsumsi ikan laut 77,6 ± 63,2 gram. Konsumsi protein dari ikan laut pada penduduk Indonesia rerata 15,37±11,9 gram dan memberikan kontribusi sebanyak 28 persen AKG terhadap konsumsi protein penduduk dalam sehari. [Penel Gizi Makan 2018, 41(2):77-88] Kata kunci: energi, ikan, konsumsi, protein
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Farabi, Ahmad, Azrai Abdullah, and Rahmat Heru Setianto. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION, CARBON EMISSIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6573.

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Sukarno, Iwan, Hiroshi Matsumoto, and Lusi Susanti. "Transportation energy consumption and emissions - a view from city of Indonesia." Future Cities and Environment 2 (June 24, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/s40984-016-0019-x.

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Sukarno, Iwan, Hiroshi Matsumoto, and Lusi Susanti. "Transportation energy consumption and emissions - a view from city of Indonesia." Future Cities and Environment 2 (June 24, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40984-016-0019-x.

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Soares, Jose Azelito, Yoon Kyung Kim, and Eunnyeoung Heo. "Analysis of causality between energy consumption and economic growth in Indonesia." Geosystem Engineering 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2014.889267.

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Vo, Vo, and Le. "CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth: New Evidence in the ASEAN Countries." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030145.

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The members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have made several attempts to adopt renewable energy targets given the economic, energy-related, environmental challenges faced by the governments, policy makers, and stakeholders. However, previous studies have focused limited attention on the role of renewable energy when testing the dynamic link between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and renewable energy consumption. As such, this study is conducted to test a common hypothesis regarding a long-run environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The paper also investigates the causal link between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, renewable energy, population growth, and economic growth for countries in the region. Using various time-series econometrics approaches, our analysis covers five ASEAN members (including Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) for the 1971–2014 period where required data are available. Our results reveal no long-run relationship among the variables of interest in the Philippines and Thailand, but a relationship does exist in Indonesia, Myanmar, and Malaysia. The EKC hypothesis is observed in Myanmar but not in Indonesia and Malaysia. Also, Granger causality among these important variables varies considerably across the selected countries. No Granger causality among carbon emissions, energy consumption, and renewable energy consumption is reported in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Indonesia experiences a unidirectional causal effect from economic growth to renewable energy consumption in both short and long run and from economic growth to CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Interestingly, only Myanmar has a unidirectional effect from GDP growth, energy consumption, and population to the adoption of renewable energy. Policy implications have emerged based on the findings achieved from this study for each country in the ASEAN region.
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Kristiani, Anastasia Widya, and Widyono Soetjipto. "Urbanisasi, Konsumsi Energi, dan Emisi CO2 : Adakah Perbedaan Korelasinya di Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI) dan Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI)?" Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.7.3.166-180.

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Indonesia’s rapid urbanization has become one of the indicators of development that also continues to increase. It is undeniable, improving stage of development is often have an impact on environmental degradation such as excessive fossil energy consumption and CO2 emissions. However, not all regions in Indonesia are at the same stage of development. There are high economic and socio-demographic inequalities and differences between western Indonesia (KBI) and eastern Indonesia (KTI). This study aims to provide empirical evidence and analyze impact of urbanization on energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the country that has different stage of developments across the region. Taking regional heterogeneity in Indonesia, panel data estimation method was applied at the provincial level during the 2011-2015 period. The results of the study show that urbanization in KBI and KTI has different effects on per capita fossil energy consumption. Urbanization in KBI has a positive relationship to per capita energy consumption, whereas urbanization in the KTI has a negative correlation. Urbanization in KBI has a negative correlation with CO2 emissions. However, there was no difference effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in both of region because the estimation results in KTI showed values that were not statistically significant. These findings not only help advance the existing literature, but also add insight to policy makers in the urban and regional planning.
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Firdaus, Alfa, and M. Syamsul Ma’arif. "CREATING THE STANDARD FOR SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION AT PALM OIL INDUSTRY." SINERGI 20, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2016.1.002.

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There is currently no standard for the Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) in the palm oil industry. SEC is a value that can be used as an indicator to measure the optimization level in the use of energy. Indonesia as one of the largest palm oil producing countries requires a standard for energy intensity in the palm oil industry. SEC in palm oil mill is defined in the amount of energy per unit of production (kWh/kg). The classifying method that has been used in this study is K-means cluster analysis with the measurement samples in 14 palm oil mills for 12 months of period. This study has suggested the SEC standard for Indonesian palm oil industry and it is expected to be SEC reference for other studies in the palm oil industry.
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Prasetyo, Teguh Jati, Izzati Nur Khoiriani, and Katri Andini Surijati. "Food Consumption and Nutrient Density of Adults Male Aged 19-49 Years Old in Indonesia." Journal of Global Nutrition 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53823/jgn.v1i1.12.

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The objectives of this study was to analyze food consumption and nutrient density of adults male aged 19-49 years old in Indonesia. This study was carried out through analyzing a consumption data set of Total Diet Study (SDT) of Indonesian Ministry of Health which were collected using 24-hour food recall method. The final subjects included for this study were 26268 male. The nutrients adequacy were assessed based on Institute of Medicine calculation. The nutrients analyzed include energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C. The average food consumption of Indonesian adult male population is mostly from the grains food group of 305.0 g. The food group that was consumed the least by the adult population was oily seeds as much as 18.1 g. The adequacy of energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A and vitamin C were 81.4%, 108.3%, 105.5%, 159.4%, 64.8%, 107.7% and 54.6%, respectively. The nutrient density of protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C were still under the recommendation. It means that food consumption quality of Indonesian adults need to be improved. Considering the inadequate intake of some micronutrients in Indonesian adults male, it is necessary to increase the consumption of animal food, legumes, fruits and vegetables as sources of micronutrients.
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Haryono, Bambang Santoso, Abdul Hakim, Mardiono Mardiono, Safri Safri, and Qomariyatus Sholihah. "THE IMPACT OF ENERGY PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND IMPORT ON THE BUDGETARY ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF INDONESIA." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no. 6 (October 10, 2020): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10587.

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Oktavilia, Shanty, FX Sugiyanto, Firmansyah, Amin Pujiati, and Andryan Setyadharma. "Effect of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth towards the environmental quality of Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912510007.

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Economic development as a process of improving people's welfare in a country can also lead the declining of the environment quality. The degradation of the environment can be caused by the energy consumption required in the development process, as well as pollution. The main purpose of this study is to analyze empirically the impact of energy consumption and economic growth toward environmental quality which is measured by environmental quality index. This study employs the econometric model of panel data of 34 provinces in Indonesia along 2011-2016. The study finds the long-term relationship between energy consumption and economic growth on environmental quality in Indonesia.
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Primayesa, Elvina, and Febriandi Prima Putra. "Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Indonesia: Co-Integration and Causality Analysis." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 7127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9307.

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Silalahi, David Firnando, Andrew Blakers, Matthew Stocks, Bin Lu, Cheng Cheng, and Liam Hayes. "Indonesia’s Vast Solar Energy Potential." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 5424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175424.

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In this paper, we conclude that Indonesia has vast potential for generating and balancing solar photovoltaic (PV) energy to meet future energy needs at a competitive cost. We systematically analyse renewable energy potential in Indonesia. Solar PV is identified to be an energy source whose technical, environmental and economic potential far exceeds Indonesia’s present and future energy requirements and is far larger than all other renewable energy resources combined. We estimate that electricity consumption in Indonesia could reach 9000 terawatt-hours per year by 2050, which is 30 times larger than at present. Indonesia has abundant space to deploy enough solar to meet this requirement, including on rooftops, inland reservoirs, mining wasteland, and in combination with agriculture. Importantly, Indonesia has a vast maritime area that almost never experiences strong winds or large waves that could host floating solar capable of generating >200,000 terawatt-hours per year. Indonesia also has far more off-river pumped hydro energy storage potential than required for balancing solar generation.
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Wahyu Ermawati, Dyah, and David Kaluge. "ANALISA PENGARUH INVESTASI DAN GDP RIIL TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i4.2393.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and investment on the consumption of electricity energy in the ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Phillippine and Indonesia). From the result of the analysis, it is found that there are significant influences of the real GDP and investment on the consumption of the electricity energy. Partially, real GDP and investment doesn’t have any significant influence on the consumption of electricity for Malaysia and Indonesia. Estimation model show that an increasing trend of consumption of electricity, investment and real GDP.
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Ermawati, Dyah Wahyu, and David Kaluge. "ANALISA PENGARUH INVESTASI DAN GDP RIIL TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2005.v9.i4.311.

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The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and investment on the consumption of electricity energy in the ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Phillippine and Indonesia). From the result of the analysis, it is found that there are significant influences of the real GDP and investment on the consumption of the electricity energy. Partially, real GDP and investment doesn’t have any significant influence on the consumption of electricity for Malaysia and Indonesia. Estimation model show that an increasing trend of consumption of electricity, investment and real GDP.
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Sudarmaji, Eka, Noer Azam Achsani, Yandra Arkeman, and Idqan Fahmi. "Decomposition Factors Household Energy Subsidy Consumption in Indonesia: Kaya Identity and LMDI Approach." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v8i2.1900.

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For decades, the subsidy had prompted excessive and wasteful while offering little motivation to boost energy efficiency or reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aimed to measure household subsidy energy by examining the relationship between the other ten variables. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and decomposition index were deployed to recognize the determinant effects that drive household's subsidy energy consumption. This study also presented an ARDL model applied. The robustness of the Granger Causality, Long-run, and Short-run causality during 1990-2017 was assessed. Based on LMDI, we found out that Population, Income Per Capita, Ratio National Renewal Energy over Fuel Fossil, Gross Capital Stock, Urban Household Consumption, and Ratio Household Subsidy were the positive factors that aggravate the change in household energy subsidy. The negative sign of Ratio National Energy Intensity effect, Ratio Fossil Renewal Energy effect, Ratio Capital Labour substitution, and Ratio Household over Labour Force signified the decreasing significance of less household energy subsidy. On the panel ARD-ECM, we identified a negative sign speed-of-adjustment and significant at 1%. It implied that all the ten variable effects were converging in the long run after an experience shocks. The equation parameters were considered stable since the CUSUM gets inside the two critical lines. Additional RESET test of the stability to ascertain whether the estimated model was linear or correctly specified has been performed.
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42

Ho, Chi Minh, Luong Tan Nguyen, Anh The Vo, and Duc Hong Vo. "Urbanization and the Consumption of Fossil Energy Sources in the Emerging Southeast Asian Countries." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, no. 1 (March 2021): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990378.

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Fossil energy consumption is considered a source of environmental degradation. While the demand for fossil energy increases during the process of urbanization, different nations rely upon different sources of fossil energy. As such, a one-size-fits-all approach in reducing the consumption of fossil fuels to improve the quality of the environment is neither logical, nor practical. This study investigates the short-term and long-term effects of urbanization in relation to fossil energy consumption from coal, gas and oil. The auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) is employed on the sample of five emerging ASEAN nations in the 1985–2018 period. The findings reveal that that urbanization in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand appears to be associated with an increase in coal consumption in the short run. In Vietnam, gas consumption will increase with urbanization. However, in the long run, urbanization in Thailand and Vietnam is linked to an increase in oil consumption. Urbanization in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines leads to the reduction of coal consumption in the long run. Policy implications have emerged based on the findings of this study.
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43

YILDIRIM, ERTUGRUL, ALPER ASLAN, and ILHAN OZTURK. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GDP IN ASEAN COUNTRIES: BOOTSTRAP-CORRECTED PANEL AND TIME SERIES CAUSALITY TESTS." Singapore Economic Review 59, no. 02 (June 2014): 1450010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590814500106.

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This study reexamines the relationship between energy consumption per capita and real GDP per capita for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand using both panel data causality which is taking into account cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity among the countries and time series causality tests for the period 1971–2009. The findings indicate that taking into account cross-sectional dependence has a substantial effect on the achieved results. The conservation hypothesis is supported for Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Although a bidirectional relation is found in the case of Thailand, since there is no positive effect of energy consumption on GDP, the conservation hypothesis is supported. In the pattern of Singapore, the neutrality hypothesis is supported. In addition, the increase in investment and labor force lead to more energy consumption in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand.
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44

Kurniawan, Robi, Gregory P. Trencher, Achmed S. Edianto, Imam E. Setiawan, and Kazuyo Matsubae. "Understanding the Multi-Faceted Drivers of Increasing Coal Consumption in Indonesia." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143660.

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To meet the Paris Agreement’s climate mitigation objectives, there is an urgent global need to reduce coal combustion. Yet coal usage, particularly in the power sector, is rising in many developing countries. Indonesia is a notable example. While government policy is widely considered as the principle driver of Indonesia’s increasing coal consumption, studies have largely overlooked the influence of socioeconomic forces. To understand these effects, we utilize a decomposition analysis to capture the individual effect of five drivers of coal consumption in Indonesia over 1965 to 2017: (1) the energy mix, (2) energy intensity of GDP, (3) population, (4) urbanization, and (5) urban incomes. Results show the energy mix has exerted the largest effect on coal consumption. In addition, by accounting for other socio-economic influences, we found that other less appreciated factors have contributed to rising coal consumption. In order of contribution these were the urban economic effect, the growing relative share of urban population, and the population increase itself in absolute terms. We thus demonstrate that the drivers of growing coal consumption are multi-faced, complex and intertwined. Our findings show that developing nations such as Indonesia share a need to decouple urban population growth and increasing per capita wealth from fossil fuel (and coal) emissions.
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45

Kurniawan, Robi, and Shunsuke Managi. "Coal consumption, urbanization, and trade openness linkage in Indonesia." Energy Policy 121 (October 2018): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.023.

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46

Buchori, Imam, Angrenggani Pramitasari, Agung Sugiri, Anang Wahyu Sejati, Maryono Maryono, and Yudi Basuki. "THE INFLUENCE OF SPRAWL DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, AND INFRASTRUCTURE ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 5, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.5.2.189-204.

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Energy consumption is influenced by many factors. Sprawl development is often alleged as one of its driving factors. Other factors like the increase of community welfare and the improvement of regional infrastructures are often indicated to trigger energy consumption. This study is aimed at investigating the influence of sprawl development and other relevant factors on the energy consumption in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Other variables denoted to influence energy consumption used in this study are road density, people’s income represented by local Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and GDP growth rate. The observed energy is limited on vehicle fuels. After investigating the significance of correlations among variables, a multiple regression model is employed. By eliminating GDP per capita because of its multicollinearity with other dependent variables, the developed formula shows that fuel consumption is generated by 47.842 of sprawling index, added by 17.216 of road ratio and 17.5 of GDP growth rata, and reduced by a constant of 26.180. These measurements are expected to be useful for urban and regional managers in developing their region, especially in estimating the fuels’ consumption considering the determined regional policies.
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47

Arnaz, Muhammad Zulfizal. "The Aggregate and Residential Electricity Demand in Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 26, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jep.26.1.2018.1-20.

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This paper presents an empirical analysis on electricity demand in Indonesia applying a double-log demand equation for aggregate and residential. This proposes static and dynamic models employing fixed effects and bias-corrected least square dummy variable estimators, respectively. Particular attention is paid to the effects of income, price, and the numbers of customers. The paper concludes that all regressors function as the determinants of electricity consumption. Price elasticities are inelastically negative as expected, and further, profound inelastic for residential. Meanwhile, income level and the number of customers are quite elastic for both models. In addition, interregional analysis reports the differential impacts of the price on energy consumption between Java Bali and non-Java Bali regions, showing less responsiveness of consumption to price in Java Bali. The long-run estimates give information on modest values of price elasticities for aggregate and residential. From an energy policy point of view, electricity price would be moderately effective in achieving efficiency and conservation programs. On the other hand, it gives an economic rationale for tariff adjustment and region-based tariff restructuring.
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48

Chontanawat, Jaruwan. "Dynamic Modelling of Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Economic Growth in SE Asian Countries." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246664.

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Southeast Asian region is fast growing in terms of economy with rapid population growth, high energy consumption, and pollution. Understanding these linkages are crucial to guidance of appropriate policy. This study aims to examine the causal relationship between energy consumption with economic growth and CO2 emissions of the four selected Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand between the years 1971–2017 using Johansen cointegration method combined with Granger causality model. The results found the evidence of cointegration in all countries implying a long-run relationship among energy consumption, economy and pollution exists. The causality main results show the evidence of unidirectional causality running from economic growth to energy consumption in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while the opposite direction was found in Philippines. The results of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand support “conservative hypothesis” suggesting that energy conservation policies could be adopted in these countries as it would not constrain growth of the economies. Whereas the results of Philippines appear to support “growth hypothesis” implying that energy is a key driver to stimulate economy. Limiting the use of energy could affect the economy. Instead, the policies, therefore, should focus on promoting other alternative energy source such as renewable energy in order to maintain sustainable growth.
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Putri, Renny Eka, Rizka Fadhilah, Dinah Cherie, and Azkiya Wahyu Novianda. "Analysis of Energy Consumption and Performance Test on Rice Planting Using Rice Transplanter : A Case Study in West Sumatera Province, Indonesia." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v4i1.152.

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Energy Consumption in the agricultural sector consists of diesel, gasoline, and kerosene for fuel of agricultural machinery (rice transplanter, tractor, rice milling unit, motor sprayer, and water pump) in the sector. The objectives of this study are to determine the total energy consumption of rice planting and to analyse the performance of rice transplanter during rice planting in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This research was conducted on farmer's rice fields in west Sumatera Indonesia. The results obtained from the performance of a rice transplanter machine include working speed of 0.633 m/s, a theoretical work capacity of 0.274 ha/hour, effective work capacity of 0.222 ha/hour and work efficiency of 80.967%. The detail of energy consumption using a rice transplanter are human energy (9.225 MJ/ha), seed energy (255.413 MJ/ha), fuel energy (93.463 MJ/ha) and engine energy (0.821 MJ/ha), so that the total energy consumption is 358.952 MJ/ha.
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50

PASEK, ARI D., and ARYADI SUWONO. "APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON BASED REFRIGERANTS FOR AIR CONDITIONING IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 19, no. 04 (December 2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251100065x.

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Electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems reaches 60% to 70% of the total electric energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, saving electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems would have a significant impact on the national electrical energy consumption. Currently, the air conditioning sectors were having a dilemma on finding the alternative substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants which are proven to cause destruction of the ozone layer and contribute to the effects of global warming. This paper will discuss the problems faced by an Article 5 country similar to Indonesia in phasing-out HCFC especially in air conditioning and refrigeration sectors. This paper will also discuss the possibility to use hydrocarbon-based refrigerants, which have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP), in air conditioning sectors. Some results of field applications of this refrigerant will be reported, and in general it can be concluded that the air conditioning retrofitted with hydrocarbon refrigerant consumes 10%–20% less electrical energy. Mixture of R-290 and R-134a was also investigated. R-134a is used to reduce the flammability of R-290 and to make the saturation pressure close to R-22. The results show that at composition of 0.6 R-290/0.4 R-134a mole fractions, the mixture behave as an azeotrope refrigerant mixture and can be used for R-22 replacement. At this composition, lower flammability limit (LEL) is 3693%, which is higher than pure R-290. Hence, the refrigerant mixture can be classified as less flammable A2 class refrigerant. The performance test shows that the refrigerant mixture can be used as a drop-in refrigerant in the R-22 machine. The measurement of refrigeration capacity and compressor input work at the same chilled water temperature shows that the calculated COP of the refrigerant mixture is better than R-22's but lower than R-290's.
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