Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Énergies renouvelables – Environnement'
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Bourcet, Clémence. "Déploiement des énergies renouvelables : déterminants globaux et financement participatif en france." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA131032.
Full textIn the context of mitigation actions in the energy sector to reduce greenhouse gasemissions, renewable energy (RE) sources appear as relevant solutions. They canbe used for electricity production, in the heating and cooling, and the transportsectors. However, these low-carbon sources have only developed slowly andsignificant differences exist between countries.In this thesis, I first explore the empirical determinants of RE sources deploymentby systematically reviewing the existing quantitative country-level literatureon this topic. I find that this strand of literature is quite fragmented andanalyze the authors’ results based on the framework considered to investigatethe existence of a consensus on possible determinants of RE development at acountry level.To complement this multi-country approach, I focus on two significant barriersthat have been found to hinder a wide spread use of RE sources: financingand acceptance. More specifically, I look at the RE crowdfunding sector. Indeed,crowdfunding is an innovative financing tool that enables the participation ofcitizens in the funding of RE projects, thus involving them in the energy transitionprocess towards low-carbon sources. In particular, I focus on the FrenchRE crowdfunding sector because it has experienced a strong growth in the contextof a favorable regulatory environment. I conduct a case study of a Frenchcrowdfunding platform specialized in RE projects to better understand its businessmodel and the risks associated with it. Then, to shed some light on thecharacteristics of the sector, I give an overview of the different actors that are involvedin the French RE crowdfunding sector: platforms, project promoters, andcontributors. Finally, I carry out an empirical analysis of survey data regardingthe decision-making process of French citizens that have invested in RE crowdfundingprojects
Bonis, Anne. "L'implantation des installations énergétiques à l'épreuve du droit : l'exemple des énergies marines renouvelables en mer." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS003S.
Full textThe first renewable marine energy projects were first presented during the so called Eole program in 1996, and then during a call for bids on offshore wind-power in 2004. Despite these initiatives and a second call for bids in 2011, only a few prototypes are being tested at the beginning of 2013. This study aims to determine if the French legislation is adapted to this emerging new activity of renewable marine energy installation implementation. The results of three-year research show that several advances have contributed to defining a legal framework favorable to the implementation of renewable marine energy production installation; yet, their legal regime has not been finalized. Nevertheless, a comparison with maritime and coastal legislations reveals solutions are worth considering and possible. As a result, an intervention from legislative or parliamentary authorities seems necessary to simplify the implementation of projects and to limit the risks of legal disputes
Tchouate, Héteu Pépin Magloire. "Contribution des énergies renouvelables au développement durable du secteur électrique: le cas du Cameroun." Université catholique de Louvain, 2003. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12172003-125756/.
Full textIsmaïl, Alain Daruiche. "Les perspectives des énergies renouvelables. Les conséquences sur l'environnement. Etude et application au Liban." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30013.
Full textWe describe the evolution of the production and the consumption of the electric power, the technological and economic challenges, in front of the obvious exhaustion of the resources of traditional fossil energy. The demographic growth requires an increasing quantity of energy. Choices from technology watch are necessary in order to explain the socio-economic risks, aiming at the large public ones, through the service of education. To focus an action in Lebanon for an institutional strategic vision leading to the creation of a center mediator CMER anticipating the future events, and to sensitize the population with the control of energy and to protect the environment by the teaching and technical ways, like producing electricity, by other technologies, calling with the dies of renewable energies. A co-operation with the EDL and government official, allowing a collective project near the local companies and public institutions in Lebanon, to use technologies related to patented work of the public domain, and to proceed to solar and wind practical achievements and other techniques of heat exchange, thus the costs will be limited to the investments related to the installations. Part of the electric and thermal needs, could locally be produced in the habitat individual, and collective, returning the consumers in at the same time producing Lebanon, autonomous and responsible
Si, Youcef Mohamed. "Gestion durable de l'environnement en Algérie." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/42bc842e-4f49-4193-a447-306d970965fc.
Full textThe development of strategy which preserves environmental quality and natural resources, the goal being to maintain a harmonious balance between the economic, social and environmental concerns, constitutes a re requirement and a need. This strategy must old account of the complexity of the environmental problems and their interdependent nature. To find solutions to these problems will require an intersectorial and multidisciplinary approach and taking into consideration a series of tools available for their treatment. The objective of this strategy will be to reconcile the economic and social development witch the rational and durable use of natural resources and the need to redule pollution and its harmful effects and to attenuate the risks to public health. This strategy will have to guide the priority actions to mitigate the serious current space distortions witch result in a consirrable wastage of natural resources
Bourdier, Laure. "Socio-anthropologie des énergies marines renouvelables en Basse-Normandie : gouverner (par) l'alternative." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC029.
Full textFollowing the European Union climate and energy package and le Grenelle de l’Environment, the French State launched, from 2011, a series of calls for tender and for expressions of interest for the construction of infrastructures of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE). The planned infrastructures are located along the French coast, particularly in Lower Normandy, a region characterized by the production of civilian and military nuclear power. Stakeholders in the development of MREs anticipated problems of "social acceptability". This thesis, based on a study of the actors who participated in the development of MREs in Basse-Normandie and of the acceptability mechanisms they have put in place, focuses on maintaining a centralized energy system based on nuclear energy, that has integrated the renewable alternative. Based on a combination of survey techniques (direct observation, interviews, questionnaires, collection of documentary productions, regulatory texts and biographical documents) analysed mainly through qualitative methods, this thesis reveals that the maintaining of the energy system operates through the government of critique. Local actors, including those who oppose the project, are mobilized by companies, the state, regional public authorities, and scientists through mechanisms aiming to build social acceptance. Thus acceptability, as an instrument of governing, does not mean a transformation of technical projects towards a better integration of social dimensions, but rather a translation of social questions into technical terms
Darson, Alice. "Transition énergétique et transition juridique : le développement des énergies de sources renouvelables en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0095/document.
Full textThe way to an energy transition will be reached with an integration of renewable energies inour energy mix. This development includes a legal transition because the current legal context that appliesto green energies is not efficient and does not contribute to this emergency. Changing the legal framebecomes a necessity and particularly the way these energies are governed, planned and supported. It’salso important that administrative procedures that regulate the implantation of energies productionsystem are set. At last, this legal transition will have to conciliate imperatives linked to the development ofrenewable energies with those governing the protection of surroundings, all aiming to a sustainabledevelopment
Chiba, Fadoua. "Energy transition : Difficulties, implications and solutions." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0224/document.
Full textL’Europe et, en particulier, la France ont engagé une politique de transition énergétique, consistant à diminuer de 20 % les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, réduire de 20 % la consommation d'énergie et à atteindre 20 % d'énergies renouvelables dans le bouquet énergétique d'ici à 2020. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, plusieurs pistes doivent être déployées afin de promouvoir les énergies renouvelables qui sont de nature intermittente. Dans le cadre de ce projet de thèse on propose trois pistes pour contribuer au développement de ces énergies : la première consiste à déterminer la combinaison efficace des sources intermittentes et de sources fiables telle que les combustibles, ainsi que le montant optimal à investir dans les technologies renouvelables intermittentes sachant leur productivité imprévisible et variable. La deuxième piste de recherche consiste à déterminer, à l’aide d’un modèle dynamique, dans quelles circonstances on stocke de l’électricité et dans quelles circonstances on la délivre. Dans ce cadre, on essayera de déterminer un seuil optimal de stockage. La troisième piste consiste à déterminer comment on organise le secteur de l’effacement électrique. on appliquera le même principe que pour les parties précédentes : on a le modèle de base qui est l’intermittence modélisée par la variable aléatoire à laquelle on rajoutera l’effacement électrique. Dans le cadre de la thèse on espère publier trois articles complémentaires, un article sur chaque piste. Le lien entre ces trois pistes sera l’analyse et à la modélisation des différents instruments politiques, qui sont en ce moment en discussion au niveau français. L’objectif de cette analyse sera de faire un classement en fonction de leur capacité à atteindre un état optimal (ou à s’en approcher) sur chaque piste
Joumni, Haitham. "Les instruments d'appui au développement des énergies renouvelables dans les PED : une évaluation comparative dans le cadre du développement durable et du protocole de Kyoto." Versailles-St Quentin-en-Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS022S.
Full textJoubert-Garnaud, Carole. "Les énergies renouvelables dans l'agriculture de la Charente-Maritime : l'émergence en milieu rural d'un nouveau moteur du développement économique et social non dépourvu d'incidences sur l'environnement local." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576083.
Full textDupré, la Tour Marie-Alix. "Towards a Decarbonized Energy System in Europe in 2050 : Impact of Vector Coupling and Renewable Deployment Limits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0014.
Full textTo address climate change, Europe is committed to a decarbonized energy system by 2050.The power system has a large potential for decarbonization. It can thus contribute to the decarbonization of other vectors (hydrogen for example), which will therefore tend to become more electrified. Therefore, this thesis has focused on the decarbonization of the power system on the one hand, and the interaction between the various energy vectors on the other.The decarbonization of the power vector will involve the use of renewable energies. However, the studies that evaluate their potential obtain very different values. In the first chapter, which consisted of a systematic literature review of wind and photovoltaic studies of potential in Europe, the variability of these values was examined. The areal limits of the potentials are not restrictive, and the variability of the values is due to the addition of socio-political criteria to the calculations of potential. Ultimately, the limit to the development of renewables will not be technical feasibility but political and societal will and limits of the industrial sector, including the availability of the necessary natural resources (metals, etc.).In a second chapter, the operation and prices of this coupled system with fixed capacities were studied. The influence of the couplings on the prices of the energy vectors was underlined. In particular, the flexibility of the demand for synthesis gas (via electrolysis) could set the electricity prices on a majority of the time steps of the year. The importance of seasonal stock management in the formation of gas prices, and therefore electricity prices, was highlighted. To operate optimally, such a system requires a high level of coordination between vectors. Variants that degrade coordination show a significant increase in the operating costs of the energy system.Finally, a third chapter addressed the consequences of energy couplings on the system flexibility requirements. Variants on each vector were analyzed through the evaluation of the flexibility needs based on indicators on several time scales. In particular, the interest of coordination between vectors was confirmed: it also avoids massive investments
Joubert-Garnaud, Carole. "Les énergies renouvelables dans l’agriculture de la Charente-Maritime : l’émergence en milieu rural d’un nouveau moteur du développement économique et social non dépourvu d’incidences sur l’environnement local." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LAROF035/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the newly role given to the renewable energies in a still rural French area, The Charente Maritime, while here and there, two issues are at stake : the question of climate change as well as the dramatic decrease of fossil energy stocks, in a period more and more turning towards the implementation of environment protection measures.Our research makes a review of the different renewable energies. Firstly the ones already produced and used in Charente Maritime, secondly the ones whose implementation is planned and eventually those which are in a state of project. (hydroelectric, solar, wind and biomass energies). The thesis is also about the potential of these energies expansion, about their consequences on environment, and in the way farmers, local representatives, association leaders and inhabitants view them.As a conclusion the thesis shows that environment results that we can draw from all these innovations is mixed : while the use of renewable energies reduce a little the dependence of Charentaises countries from fossil energies, the direct environment impact of these new energy sources appears ambiguous and especially contrasted. The study has been made in a quite little geographical area. It is all the same representative of the current changes in the French as well as the European countryside, the local and national specificities having been clearly underlined
Diffalah, Khaouni. "Qu'est ce qu'agir avec justice à l'égard des générations futures en matière d'énergies renouvelables : comparaison entre la France et l'Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7015.
Full textOur thesis brings together a certain number of economic philosophical concerns which motivate us to deal with this subject and to reveal its details. To question the justice between the generations, it is to look at at least two questions: "What do we owe to the future generations? And "Why do we owe them anything?" ". Each of us wonders about anything that could threaten the lives and well-being of these people, especially the poorest, such as climate change. How to act for the good and the life of the descent of future generations by eliminating the consumption of fossil and fissile energy to spare them a healthy environment. To answer these questions, I was inspired by philosophical theories of intergenerational justice and economic theories. These questions have mobilized for years the promoters of energy management and in particular renewable energies. And to get to know the problem up close, I devoted a second part to studying the case of France which invests in fissile energies (nuclear) and the case of Algeria which invests more in fossil energies (Oil and the gas). Both benefit from enormous natural potentials, such as wind and water for the French and sun and wind for the Algerians. And, to face the natural disasters that threaten life on the planet and protect our descendants we must renounce fossil fuels and replace them with renewable, inexhaustible and clean energies
Bell, Mbea. "Three essays in the economics of greenhouse gas emissions' mitigation in the electricity sector." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28367.
Full textClimate change is one of the biggest challenges that the world is facing. In order to limit global warming, each political jurisdiction must implement a drastic climate policy to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this challenge, the electricity generation sector has a central role to play. On the one hand, it is a major contributor to the total GHG emissions, and on the other hand, this sector offers several alternatives for generating electricity without emissions, such as renewable sources or fossil fuel generators equipped with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) capacity. In three essays, this thesis examines cost-efficient solutions to reducing GHG emissions and promoting climate-friendly technologies in the electricity sector. The first essay compares an emissions tax and a clean energy standard using a calibrated general equilibrium model of electricity generation. The structure of electricity production features two plants: one that generates its output based on renewable sources and the other based on fossil source emitting CO2. The model is calibrated to match selected macroeconomic aggregates of the economy of British Columbia. The calibrated model is then used to conduct conceptual experiments that pit the overall cost of achieving the optimal emissions reduction target with a given policy instrument against the counterfactual cost of achieving the same target with an alternative policy instrument. The experiments lead to the conclusion that an emissions tax is more environmentally effective as well as more cost-effective than a clean energy standard. The second essay extends the comparison between a clean electricity standard and a carbon tax on cost-effectiveness grounds by adding innovation and market power. In our model, a two-stage competition in the electricity sector between a clean plant and its "dirty" rival anchors a two-sector general equilibrium model of climate change intervention. The dirty plant can innovate to reduce its emissions, and the clean plant can innovate to reduce its pre-existing cost-disadvantage. The model is calibrated to selected US macroeconomics aggregates. Results in this essay overturn those obtained in the first, where perfect competition was the feature of the electricity industry. The second essay thus shows cost-effective choice of climate policy instruments depends on the industrial organization of the electricity sector, as well as on the mechanisms plants use to respond to climate policy. Whereas the first two essays are only concerned with abatement incentives the third, by contrast, considers a climate policy action aimed, not only at incentivizing abatement, but also at promoting clean electricity solutions to climate change. These solutions have two competing sources. On the one hand, there are climate change solutions consisting of technological innovations that mitigate the intermittency and variability problems associated with renewable sources of electricity. Such solutions, when adequate, reduce the cost-disadvantage of renewable sources at reaching large-scale deployment. On the other hand, there are climate change solutions consisting of carbon abatement technologies that mitigate the trade-off between abatement effort and electricity output among fossil fuel generators. CCS technologies are an essential component of these fossil fuel-based climate change solutions. The main contribution of this essay is to show that, in countries with an abundant supply of fossil fuels, subsidizing fossil fuel-based climate change solutions can be an integral part of a cost-effective climate policy action aimed at achieving ambitious emissions reductions.
Atta, Atta Pascal. "Étude des performances énergétiques et environnementales du biodiesel pour la production de l'électricité en Côte d'Ivoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1160.
Full textSome remote areas in Côte d’Ivoire are not covered by the interconnected grid. For these areas, the electricity needs of people are met by diesel generators. There are some risks with the use of diesel as fossil fuel such as the threat to the electricity supply of these areas and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. These risks make alternative energy a major concern. Among the solutions that could be considered, we propose the jatropha biodiesel as energy source used in the diesel generators to produce electricity in these remote areas. However, it’s important before considering such a project to study its feasibility. It is the work dedicated to this thesis where the environmental and energy performances of jatropha biodiesel used as fuel by diesel generator have been studied through the life cycle assessment completed by an exergy analysis, technical analysis and economical analysis
Harkouss, Fatima. "Conception optimale de bâtiments à énergie nette nulle sous différents climats." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4044/document.
Full textThe conception of net zero energy buildings (NZEB) has been introduced to limit energy consumption, global warming potentials, and pollution emissions in buildings. The challenge in NZEB design is to find the best combination of design strategies that will enhance the energy performance of a particular building. The aim of this thesis is to develop an understanding of NZEBs design concepts. Besides, it aims to assist NZEB designers to select the suitable design options of passive and RE systems based on a systemic evaluation in different climates. This thesis presents a methodology for the simulation-based multi-criteria optimization of NZEBs. The methodology is applied to investigate the cost-effectiveness potential for optimizing the design of NZEBs in different case studies taken as diverse climatic zones. The proposed methodology is a useful tool to enhance NZEBs design and to facilitate decision making in early phases of building design. A comprehensive study on optimal passive design for residential buildings is presented. The occupants’ adaptive thermal comfort is also improved by implementing the appropriate passive cooling strategies such as blinds and natural ventilation. The configurations and capacities of the implemented RE systems in NZEBs must be appropriately selected to ensure the intended performance objective. In the thesis, investigation, optimization and comparison of six RE solution sets for designing NZEBs is carried out in three typical climates: Indore (cooling dominant), Tromso (heating dominant) and Beijing (mixed climate)
Guérin, Dalya. "Analyse des représentations de la Nature et de la Technique dans le secteur de l’énergie en France et au Royaume-Uni : étude et comparaison symbolique des relations de l'Homme à son environnement dans l'énergie nucléaire et dans l'énergie renouvelable." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010344/document.
Full textThis thesis is dealing with the reality of an environmental utopia of cooperation between Nature and Technique in the energy sector, in the renewables in the United-Kingdom and in the nuclear energy in France. In a first part, we have established that energy systems, through cooperation projects between Nature and Technique, offered an interesting map of the competition, and more and more of the cooperation, between Nature and Technique in the studied discourses and practices, and especially in France. The second part of this work was about to show to what extent any resistances to these visions of Nature and Technique were stronger in France rather than in the United-Kingdom, because the se visions, as we have seeing in the first part, were more explicit in France. In the last part of this research, the aim was to demonstrate to what extent these representations of Nature and Technique cooperating meant the meeting of technological ideologies, belonging to the energy field, and of utopian visions of environment. We managed to show that, in the United-Kingdom, this utopian vision of the environment was more understood as a chance for energy actors in a project of a wave power plant, instead of France, where these utopian visions of the environment were a threat for the technological ideology, embodied by the nuclear energy
Chaher, Mazigh. "Les collectivités territoriales et les énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0032.
Full textThe energy transition, understood as the gradual transition from the current energy model to an energy model based essentially on carbon-free energies, has led to increased accountability of local authorities and their groupings in the sense that they must now assume, through particularly effective and operational legal tools, an important part of the mission consisting in accelerating the development of renewable energies. In this context, since the beginning of the 2000s, we have witnessed an increase in the powers of local authorities and groupings of authorities in matters directly or indirectly related to the energy transition, which testifies to the awareness by the public authorities of the essential role of these communities in the energy transition and the need to strengthen this intervention through the creation of skills ex nihilo or by transferring skills from the central state to the local authorities. This movement has been encouraged particularly by the liberalization of the energy market, which has created fertile ground for the economic intervention of local authorities in the energy sector. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that the implementation of the energy transition at the local level is inextricably linked to the problem of territorial decentralization and that therefore the strengthening of the place of the local level required by the energy transition comes up against to the limits and contradictions of this decentralization
Di, Menno Di Bucchianico Daniele. "Development of processes for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass based on renewable energies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMIR27.
Full textThe world is facing the impacts of climate change due to its long dependence on fossil fuels, and specifically Europe, which is facing an energy crisis, has recognized the fragility of its fossil fuel-dependent energy system and has moved strongly towards renewable energy resources. Among renewables, biomass not only powers bio-energy production but also serves as a vital source of bio-carbon, used to create high-value molecules, replacing fossil-based products. Alkyl levulinates, derived from biomass, particularly stand out for their potential as bio-additives and bio-fuels. Acid solvolysis of hexose sugars from biomass appears to be a promising and cost-effective production route, which requires further investigation not yet found in the literature. The potential of alkyl levulinate extends to its conversion into γ-valerolactone (GVL), a promising bio-solvent, commonly obtained by hydrogenation through molecular-hydrogen. Besides being a key reagent, hydrogen is also a promising energy carrier, facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources into the market. Hydrogen energy storage systems support this integration, promoting 'green' industrial transformation. This thesis focuses on technological investigation and sustainability assessment of a potential biorefinery system, integrating lignocellulosic biomass valorization, energy production, and hydrogen generation. The study encompasses experimental investigations, optimizing technologies for the production of butyl levulinate and its subsequent hydrogenation to GVL. Sustainability considerations are fundamental to the process configuration, aligning with the global shift towards renewable and carbon bio-resources. In order to answer the question of sustainability, the research presents a first section focused on the experimental investigation of the optimal technology for the production of butyl levulinate. The solvolysis of the biomass-derived hexose Fructose to butyl levulinate was investigated, in terms of optimal process conditions and kinetic modelling. Selected an effective heterogeneous catalyst, the effect of the solvent was investigated, showing the benefits of using GVL as co-solvent, together with butanol, on the conversion and dissolution kinetics of fructose. In these conditions, the solvolysis to butyl levulinate was studied in depth from a kinetic point of view, first by proposing a model for the solvolysis of 5-HMF, an intermediate in the fructose pathway, and then extending the modelling from fructose itself. A robust kinetic model, describing the reaction mechanism of solvolysis, was defined and validated, particularly under conditions of high initial fructose concentration (applying the concept of High-gravity), and including in the modelling the kinetics of dissolution, and degradation of fructose, under acidic conditions.In the second part of the research, the technological perspective was extended to the hydrogenation of butyl levulinate to GVL. Starting from a conceptual design phase, the overall fructose-to-GVL process scheme was defined, simulated, and optimized on the basis of the process intensification concept. In the third part, the process was then dropped into a real case study in Normandy, France, adapting the analysis to the local availability of lignocellulosic biomass and wind energy. The study defines a methodology for designing and integrating the energy-supply system, evaluating different scenarios. The sustainability assessment, based on key performance indicators spanning economic, environmental, and social dimensions, culminates in an aggregated overall sustainability index. The results highlight scenarios integrating the GVL biorefinery system with wind power and hydrogen energy storage as promising, demonstrating high economic profitability and reduced environmental impact. Finally, sensitivity analyses validate the robustness and reliability of the methodology, generally extendable also to other technological systems
Come previsto, il mondo sta affrontando gli effetti tangibili del cambiamento climatico come conseguenza di un'economia basata sui combustibili fossili per centinaia di anni. Oltre a dover affrontare e adottare misure correttive per limitare gli effetti del riscaldamento globale, l'Europa sta affrontando una grave crisi energetica, che rivela la fragilità del sistema energetico europeo, prevalentemente dipendente dalle importazioni di combustibili fossili. La geopolitica delle risorse fossili ha innescato la necessaria rimodulazione dell'economia energetica europea, che si sta spostando "forzatamente" verso le risorse energetiche rinnovabili per diventare un'economia fossile e a zero emissioni di carbonio. Nel panorama delle rinnovabili, le risorse più sfruttate sono l'energia solare, eolica e da biomassa. Oltre alla produzione di bioenergia, la biomassa è una fonte inestimabile di biocarbonio, che può essere sfruttata e valorizzata per la produzione di molecole ad alto valore aggiunto che possono essere utilizzate in vari settori industriali, per la produzione di carburanti, prodotti chimici, materiali e sostituendo i corrispondenti prodotti di origine fossile. In questo contesto, sono stati sviluppati sistemi innovativi di bioraffinazione della biomassa di seconda generazione per trasformare e decostruire la complessa struttura della biomassa in molecole piattaforma più semplici, che possono poi essere trasformate in molecole ad alto potenziale. Tra queste, gli alchil levulinati sono stati identificati per il loro notevole potenziale come bioadditivi e biocarburanti. Esteri dell'acido levulinico, questi composti possono essere ottenuti da derivati della biomassa, come i monosaccaridi dello zucchero, secondo diverse vie di reazione; tra queste, la solvolisi acida degli zuccheri esosi può essere una via di produzione promettente ed economicamente vantaggiosa, che richiede ulteriori indagini non ancora presenti in letteratura. Il potenziale degli alchil levulinati risiede anche nella possibilità di un ulteriore trasformazione mediante idrogenazione per produrre γ-valerolattone (GVL), una molecola con un mercato promettente come bio-solvente, grazie alle sue proprietà di stabilità, ecotossicità e biodegradabilità. L'uso dell'idrogeno gassoso è la via più comune per l'idrogenazione del GVL, ma, oltre a essere un reagente chimico fondamentale, l'idrogeno è anche uno dei principali protagonisti della transizione energetica. Infatti, come vettore energetico, l'idrogeno può portare alla piena penetrazione delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili nel mercato dell'energia, costituendo un complemento-tampone per lo stoccaggio delle energie rinnovabili intermittenti, attraverso la progettazione di sistemi di stoccaggio dell'energia dell'idrogeno (HydESS). L'accumulo di energia a idrogeno a lungo termine può consentire l'autosufficienza dei sistemi di energia rinnovabile, in quanto agisce da ponte tra le funzionalità dei sistemi Power-to-Hydrogen, in grado di assorbire i surplus energetici delle energie rinnovabili e di immagazzinarli, e quelle dei sistemi Hydrogen-to-Power, che restituiscono energia rinnovabile quando le fonti di energia primaria non sono disponibili. In quest'ottica, lo sviluppo di tali sistemi può portare all'integrazione completa e stabile delle fonti di energia rinnovabile in asset industriali già esistenti, così come in nuovi mercati industriali, come le bioraffinerie di biomassa lignocellulosica, promuovendo lo sviluppo di realtà industriali "verdi" in termini di trasformazione di materiali ed energia. Il mercato industriale globale si sta evolvendo verso la decarbonizzazione e la riqualificazione di diversi asset, attraverso investimenti in efficienza energetica e l'introduzione di processi green per la valorizzazione delle fonti rinnovabili, ma l'implementazione su larga scala di queste iniziative richiede un'analisi completa e approfondita della loro sostenibilità
Vechiu, Ionel. "Modélisation et analyse de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables dans un réseau autonome." Le Havre, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179164.
Full textIn many of the remote areas, the diesel generator is the main source of power supply. The cost of grid extension is, and will probably continue to be, prohibitive and the fuel cost increases severely with the remoteness of the location. The combination of several energy sources (wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, small hydroelectric power plants etc. ) in a Hybrid Power System (HPS) can be very attractive for most of the remote areas, in terms of cost and availability. However, improvements of the design and operation of the HPS is still needed to allow this technology more competitive in remote areas. In this context, the work presented in this thesis gives a contribution to the behaviour analysis and the performances control of an HPS constituted by two renewable sources, a diesel generator and storage batteries. This kind of system is studied according to three aspects: sizing, maximizing the use of the renewable resource and power quality
Besseau, Romain. "Analyse de cycle de vie de scénarios énergétiques intégrant la contrainte d’adéquation temporelle production-consommation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM068.
Full textThis research work deals with the environmental impact assessment of energy. The current energy model, which supports the global economy, leads to major environmental impacts by contributing to climate change and resource depletion,and by degrading biodiversity and human health. The environmental impacts of energy systems are assessed, not only considering the energy generation phase, but the whole life-cycle of energy systems : from raw material extraction to end of life. As renewable energies are weather dependent, storage systems may become required to ensure the temporal balance between the production of energy and consumption when renewable energies reach high penetration rates. As a first step, parameterized life-cycle inventory models have been developed for the main energy technologies to produce orstore energy. Those models enable to account for the technological, spatial and temporal variability that can be important. As a second step, an approach based on times-series to model energy production as well as energy consumption has been developed. It allows assessing the energy storage needs induced by the weather dependency of the production and consumption.The global dynamic and parametric method to assess the life cycle environmental impact here developed has been appliedto self-consumption scenarios and then, to the insular territory of La Réunion. Those applications reveal that, even when accounting for the storage need induced by the weather dependency of the production, renewable energies present an environmental footprint significantly lower than the fossil counterparts they aim to substitute
Gasnier, Swann. "Environnement d’aide à la décision pour les réseaux électriques de raccordement des fermes éoliennes en mer : conception et évaluation robuste sous incertitudes." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0013.
Full textOffshore wind power is quickly developing. Its cost-effectiveness, measured with the LCOE (Levelized cost of Energy) has not reached the one of onshore wind power yet. The cost of electrical connection impacts this cost-effectiveness. Depending on the distance to the onshore grid, many possibilities of architectures and associated technologies can be considered for this connection network (AC, DC etc.). The goal of this research is to provide a decision support framework for the assessment and the planning of architectures for electrical connecting networks.The architecture assessment relies on the calculations of the annual energy dissipated through the network, of the investment costs and of the annual energy curtailed due to the network unavailability. To compute these quantities, models and methods are proposed.It appears that to compare architectures, these must be have near optimal designs? Thus, a formulation of the electrical network design optimization is proposed. The formulation is generic in regard to the various architectures which are considered. A quick heuristic solving approach which gives near optimal solutions is proposed and implemented.The decision support framework makes it possible the design and the assessment of an architecture and is applied to two very different architectures. Finally, a probabilistic analytical method is proposed to take into account the models uncertainties and to study their propagation to the decision criteria
Aoun, Bernard. "Micro-cogénération pour les bâtiments résidentiels fonctionnant avec des énergies renouvelables." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005092.
Full textLandelle, Philippe. "Le développement des sources d'énergie renouvelables et l'aménagement durable du territoire." Limoges, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIMO1003.
Full textRenewable energy sources have an indigenous characteristic and their utilisation has a favourable impact on energy diversification within the EU wich has for priority the security of supply, conpetitiveness and enviromental protection as well as the devopment of disadvantaged regions, Defined in operational terms, this view fits in with the concept of "sustainable spatial planning", taken as the spatialexpression of an overall strategy covering : the balanced socioeconomic development of regions, the improvement of the quality of life, the sound management of natural resources, environmental protection, and the rational use of energy and of theterritory, This thesis aims to gather and to order the study of the legal instruments (implementation of international agreements and setting of regulations and standards in view of developing RES), of the economic instruments (encouragement for producers and consumers to protect the environment through economic and fiscal measures) and of horizontal support instruments (promotion of scientific research and thechnological development, improvement of spatial planning and public information) aiming to promote renewable energy sources and sustainable spatial planning, An analysis of local and national projects and a comparative study of different instruments implemented in the member states will also be undertaken
Shirizadeh, Ghezeljeh Behrang. "Reaching carbon neutrality in France by 2050 : optimal choice of energy sources, carriers and storage options." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021EHES0013.
Full textTo stay in line with 1.5°C of global warming, the French government has adopted the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The main greenhouse gas being carbon dioxide, and the majority of its emissions being due to energy combustion, this dissertation focuses on reaching carbon-neutrality in French energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050. This thesis dissertation aims to study the relative role of different low-carbon mitigation options in the energy sector in reaching carbon-neutrality. More precisely, this thesis first studies the French power sector, first in a fully renewable power system, and second in a power system containing other mitigation options i.e. nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage. I study the impact of uncertainties related to cost development of renewables and storage options and address the robustness of a fully renewable power system to cost uncertainties. Later, adding other low-carbon mitigation options in the power sector, I analyze the relative role of different low-carbon options. Similarly, to incentivize the investments in variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, I study the investment risk related to the price and volume volatility of renewable electricity technologies, and the performance of different public policy support schemes. The analysis in this thesis goes beyond the electricity system and it also considers the whole energy system in the presence of sector-coupling. During this thesis, I have developed a family of models optimizing dispatch and investment to answer different questions regarding the French energy transition. These models minimize the cost of the considered system (electricity system or the whole energy system) by satisfying the supply/demand equilibrium at each hour over at least one year, respecting the main technical and operational, resource related and land-use constraints. Thus, both short-term and long-term variability of renewable energy sources are taken into account. Using these models, I address the questions raised above. These models are not used to find a single optimal solution, but several optimal solutions depending on different weather, cost, energy demand and technology availability scenarios. Therefore, the importance of robustness to the uncertainties is at the center of the used methodology beside optimality. The findings of my thesis show that renewable energy supply sources are the main enablers of reaching carbon neutrality in a cost-effective way, no matter the considered energy system; either only electricity or the whole energy system. While the elimination of nuclear power barely increases the cost of a carbon-neutral energy system, the elimination of renewables is associated with high inefficiencies both from the cost and emission points of view. In fact, if renewable gas is not available, even a social cost of carbon of €500/tCO2 will not be enough to reach carbon-neutrality. This is partially due to the negative emissions that it can provide once combined with carbon capture and storage, and partially due to the cost-optimality of renewable gas-fired internal combustion engines in reaching carbon-neutrality in the transport sector. This dissertation has several important policy-related messages; however, the central one is that reaching carbon-neutrality for the lowest cost requires a highly renewable energy system. Therefore, if we are to prioritize investment in low-carbon options, renewable gas and electricity technologies are of the highest importance
Schneider, Frédéric. "Les energies marines renouvelables face au droit." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0010.
Full textThe issue of marine renewable energies raises complex legal problems which interest the Law in its International, European and Domestic dimension. The effervescence of public and private initiatives on the matter requires a tailored approach to improve and develop legal instruments to support development of ocean energies. This approach elicits three levels of analysis. According to the International Law, it is marked by an environmental objective resulting from public interest. In this sense, marine energy conversion does not generate greenhouse gas emissions and its impact on the marine environment is generally minimal. With the help of these renewable energies, States will be able to respect their supranational commitments, particularly regarding climate change. In addition, the Law of the Sea provides legal certainty in the use of ocean space, by defining not only rights but obligations to coastal states. At the European level, legal certainty is connected to the target of at least 20 % share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy by 2020, and is especially encouraged by the North Seas Countries' Offshore Grid Initiative in the context of the Europe's emerging renewable energy market. On a National perspective, the analysis of Comparative Law highlights the best practices related to offshore renewable development in terms of promoting investment and sustainable ocean management
Pech, Sophath. "Les aspects énergétiques de l'économie du Cambodge : bilan et perspectives : Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences économiques." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0031.
Full textDobigny, Laure. "Quand l'énergie change de mains : socio-anthropologie de l'autonomie énergétique locale au moyen d'énergies renouvelables en Allemagne, Autriche et France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H230.
Full textThe development of renewable energy (RE) in Europe has been sustained, inter alia, by unconventional players in the energy sector: individuals, fanners, and local communities. As a result, over 50% of renewable energy generation capacity in Germany is citizen-owned. Thus more and more rural communities are achieving local energy independence, producing as much or even more than they consume, whether they are connected to national power grids or not (microgrids). What has led these citizens and local governments to become individually and collectively energy self-sufficient? And what are the implications of this local appropriation of energy on representations of energy and its use, social organization, social cohesion, local economies, and collective identity? These questions have guided this socio-anthropological study of five communities in Germany, Austria, and France. The transnational analysis also compares two levels of energy independence: individual (domestic) and collective (community). Changing the level of analysis makes it possible to question the role of the technical system in energy use, as well as the pioneering and key role farmers play in the choice of renewables - in order to better understand its social meaning. Within the large technical system, the choice of local energy independence, and the alternative it represents, has political, social, environmental, technical, economic, and symbolic dimensions. Because, ultimately, when energy changes hands, power does as well
Lassus, Saint-Geniès Géraud de. "La prise en compte des aspects économiques du défi climatique dans le régime juridique international du climat." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26033.
Full textLe, Touz Nicolas. "Conception et étude d’infrastructures de transports à énergie positive : de la modélisation thermomécanique à l’optimisation de tels systèmes énergétiques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0038/document.
Full textIn the context of the energy transition, with the use of new energies as a priority, we propose to study the energy performance of solar hybrid roads. An exhaustive study of climatic conditions makes it possible to establish the energy gains and losses of these systems, then a numerical model is developed to couple thermal diffusion, hydraulic convection and radiative transfers by the finite element method with the possibility of state changes. This model is implemented in a Matlab core and applied to annual meteorological data for different cities to establish and map energy potential. An analysis of the results with regard to climate makes it possible to highlight a link between this potential and the notion of a unified degree day, adapted from the building's thermal energy, thus allowing the engineer to quickly estimate the energy potential based on climatic data. During winter operation, the objective is to prevent from black ice occurring on the roads. A temperature control strategy based on the adjoint state method is implemented. A climate analysis is again carried out to take humidity into account to determine heating needs. Other frost protection solutions, based on electric heating, were also modelled and subjected to these control strategies in order to highlight the possibility of significant energy savings. These control laws have beengeneralized to problems of property reconstruction in a background and an application combining this thermal approach with an electromagnetism-based approach is proposed
Chanard, Camille. "Territoire et énergie : politiques locales, échelles d'intervention et instruments de mobilisation, de connaissance et d'action." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1041/document.
Full textThe thesis is about French local authorities' energy policies, and more particularly about regional policies. In a context of reassessment of fossil fuel-based energy systems, local authorities have a key role to play. Indeed, energy systems are complex and require to act locally, in order to keep fair access for consumers and to adapt supply to needs and uses. In the same way, environmental constraints and sustainable exploitation of local resources involve to have a good knowledge of territory and of local energy potential. But, local authorities do not know much about boundaries and about components of territorial energy systems. The main purpose of the thesis is to determine structure and behaviour of these energy systems in order to identify public policy incentive levers at local scale.The first part of the thesis deals with the links between land uses, actors' behaviours, political choices and energy consumptions. Here, we point out the specific interest of geography and territorial approach to treat energy issue, both for land planning and for actors' mobilization. In the second part, we identify policy instruments which local authorities should dispose and actions they should implement in order to develop energy saving and renewables. Then, the third part is more specific to regional level. The analysis of two French planning instruments (Regional Plans for Climate, Air and Energy and Regional Energy Observatories), shows the interest of this scale which could, with its position between national and local levels, contribute to improve knowledge of territories, to coordinate local actions and to develop energy policies adapted to local specificities
Ul, Mulk Rudaba. "Towards sustainability : understanding the influence of attitude, perceived risk and environmental locus of control on willingness to pay for renewable energy sources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221202_ULMULK_476cewyjw426ihdm871hez235wmr_TH.pdf.
Full textThe research addressed consumer characteristics affecting consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy sources (RES). Three sequential studies were conducted, Study I compared the impact of attitude of Pakistani and French consumers on WTP for RES and, the next two studies focused only on Pakistani consumers. Study II examined the impact of risk dimensions on WTP as mediated by perceived value and moderated by consumer innovativeness. Study III investigated the relationship between internal/external environmental locus of control (ELOC) and eco literacy on WTP as mediated by pro-environmental behaviour. The results in study I showed that WTP for RES of Pakistani consumers was comparatively higher than French consumers. Similarly, the dimensions of attitude impacting WTP also varied between the French and Pakistani samples. In study II we found a negative and significant relationship between perceived risk and perceived value, this implies as the risk increases the perceived value of RES decreases and so does the WTP. However, the impact of psychological risk was consecutively higher than functional, financial and social risk. In Study-III we found, the internal ELOC positively and the external ELOC negatively affect the consumer's WTP. Eco-literacy turns out to be a strong predictor of WTP. Overall, the relationship between ELOC, eco-literacy, and WTP is successfully mediated by pro-environmental behavior. This research supported our theoretical propositions, contributed to literature, and provided academic and practical implications
Nguyen, Thành Nhân. "Programmer le développement soutenable dans un pays en voie de développement : une optimisation sociale du secteur électrique au Vietnam." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0118.
Full textThe kernel of this dissertation aims to exploit by optimisation methods and empirical studies the issues of sustainable development in the Vietnamese power sector for the next thirty years. It then examines the ways to implement sustainable energy options for the power sector in practice. There are two parts: (i) In the fust part, using a comparative analysis and a vulnerability analysis that is based on the Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) simulation, I analyze energy-development-related vulnerabilities that the sector could face, in terms of economic and socio-environmental dimensions. I further develop the IRP model, in such a way representing realistically marginal abatement costs of carbon reduction by considering non-zero carbon values and carbon emission constraints, in order to simulate sustainable energy supply options for the power sector. (ii) In the second part, I study the major barriers against the wider adoption of sustainable energy development options in practice by using analytical hierarchy process-based formaI surveys among national experts. Then, I use an empirical analysis approach to examine different appropriate policy means including incentive instruments/schemes and sector reform for such sustainability of the power sector. To the end, I analyze the access to feasible financing sources for sustainable development in the Vietnamese power sector
Mahmoud, Rasha. "Le droit de la construction et les contraintes environnementales : étude comparative franco-libanaise." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC032.
Full textLebanon in its institutional and legislative framework is confronted with a deficiency in the legal texts relating to the sector of sustainable construction, urban planning and the environment. As a result, this hinders population growth and increases environmental degradation. In addition, the resulting dilemmas arise from confusions and illogicalities due to the vagueness and ambiguity that exists in the laws and regulations covering this sector. As a result, prerogatives overlap and create jurisdictional conflicts that hamper effective progress. In the construction project, ecological engineering preserves sustainable development and the ecological footprint. Being mindful of the importance of green construction in the preservation of heritage and nature, the French legislator has enacted several laws to both protect the environment and heritage sites. In the case of Lebanon however, the legislative and institutional deficiencies, through the ambiguity of the texts and the deficiency of the legal system, as well as the derogatory “Lebanese” urban planning clearly translate into a chaotic urban and rural landscape. In this regard, we recommended taking the French system as a model, because historically, the French law is the backbone for Lebanese laws and legislations. The legal regime for green construction in France protects the environment and adopts an ecological architecture, considered to restore certain endangered balances. Then, it establishes compensation for pure ecological damage by promoting environmental responsibility, as well as insurance contracts, in order to compensate the injured parties. Therefore, it is reassuring to see the emergence and need for a Lebanese green building law to avoid ecological damage. However, the implementation of measures aimed at making environments compatible with industrial and economic growth must take into account the socio-economic situation of the country. Hence, the importance of construction that reduces the consumption of natural resources and incorporates sustainable development strategies into construction law. In Lebanese practice, normalizing these breaches is done in most cases by their legalizations. In addition, patronage and clientelism is a feature entrenched in the Lebanese political system and reflects on all aspects including the construction sector. In addition, an evaluation of the durability of a construction is necessary, because it must begin with the evaluation of the specificities of the building as such. The comparative study we carried out guarantees theoretical and practical interests. The presentation of the adaptation of green construction in France allows us to better understand the best method of integrating the new provisions into Lebanese law. In practice, success is possible if we overcome the obstacles that hinder the protection of the environment and adopt laws that cover the environmental liability in Lebanon. A striking and surprising delay seems to affect the start of a road to the proper application of the polluter pays principle. Our critical, objective and comparative study of environmental constraints in Lebanese construction law has enabled the emergence of improved strategies and policies with a view to greater integration of French policies. This study thus is an opportunity to bring forth a comparative study on construction, urban planning and the environment between France and Lebanon. It relates particularly to the French adoption of green construction for the Lebanese adaptation especially at the level of the protection of our architectural heritage and the maintenance of identity and history. The presented analysis attempts to sound the alarm for an emergency plan for the dangerous environmental situation in Lebanon. Guided by a comparative study between the two countries, it shows that it is binding to initiate a law on green construction, sooner rather than later
Atta, Atta Pascal. "Étude des performances énergétiques et environnementales du biodiesel pour la production de l'électricité en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1160/document.
Full textSome remote areas in Côte d’Ivoire are not covered by the interconnected grid. For these areas, the electricity needs of people are met by diesel generators. There are some risks with the use of diesel as fossil fuel such as the threat to the electricity supply of these areas and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. These risks make alternative energy a major concern. Among the solutions that could be considered, we propose the jatropha biodiesel as energy source used in the diesel generators to produce electricity in these remote areas. However, it’s important before considering such a project to study its feasibility. It is the work dedicated to this thesis where the environmental and energy performances of jatropha biodiesel used as fuel by diesel generator have been studied through the life cycle assessment completed by an exergy analysis, technical analysis and economical analysis
Rakotoson, Vanessa. "Intégration de l'analyse de cycle de vie dans l'étude de la production électrique en milieux insulaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0035/document.
Full textPopulation growth, the raising of the standard of living and quality of life, and energy-intensive activities are key parameters affecting the territory energy demand, through electricity consumption. To meet this demand, reliance on fossil fuels is the main adopted solution, particularly in insular context. The downside of this method is the large amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emitted, and vulnerability of the territories. Current policies are now in favor of the energy self-sufficiency as a medium-term objective, and put in place measures to support the use of sustainable energy sources to mitigate GHG emissions. This work aims to assess environmental impact of electricity production in Reunion island, to establish a territorial diagnosis. Based on a life cycle assessment approach, according to ISO 14044 standards, varying environmental impacts have been evaluated from existing power plants. An evaluating tool has been developed to identify the most emissive life cycle stage from 1 kWh electricity produced. The obtained results serve as a reference point to develop prospective scenarios. Eight scenarios have been presented and aim to satisfy environmental, technical, social and economic constraints
Purcel, Alexandra-Anca. "Economic Development and Environmental Quality Nexus in Developing and Transition Economies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD013.
Full textThis thesis tackles one of the most debatable and in vogue topics in economics, namely the economic development and environmental quality nexus. Notably, it studies the economic development's effects—in terms of its economic, social, and political dimensions—on the environmental quality for developing and transition economies. Chapter I, which is divided into three key phases, namely theoretical review, empirical exercise, and empirical review, contributes to the literature by giving various insights regarding the link between economic growth and environmental pollution in developing and transition economies. Overall, it reveals that the recent empirical studies, indeed, succeeding to curtail some of the deficiencies suggested by theoretical contributions, might indicate a certain consensus regarding pollution-growth nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis validity. Chapter II examines the pollution-growth nexus in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, adding to the related empirical literature using the extended EKC hypothesis as a theoretical background. On the one hand, it unveils an increasing nonlinear link between GDP and CO2 at the aggregate level, which is powerfully robust to different estimators and control variables. On the other hand, the country-level analysis reveals that the relationship between GDP and CO2 is characterized by much diversity among CEE countries. Thus, despite an aggregated upward trend, some CEE countries managed to secure both higher GDP and lower CO2 emissions. From a policy perspective, EU policymakers could pay more attention to these countries and amend the current unique environmental policy to account for country-heterogeneities to support economic growth without damaging the environment. Chapter III investigates the aggregated and sector-specific CO2 emissions' responsiveness following exogenous shocks to growth and urbanization, considering a transmission scheme that incorporates two of the widely used instruments in mitigating environmental degradation—renewables and energy efficiency. First, robust to several alternative specifications, the results indicate that output, urbanization, and energy intensity increase the aggregated CO2 emissions, while renewable energy exhibits an opposite effect. Moreover, regarding the CO2 responsiveness in the aftermath of output and urbanization shocks, the pattern may suggest that these countries are likely to attain the threshold that would trigger a decline in CO2 emissions. However, the findings are sensitive to both countries' economic development and Kyoto Protocol ratification/ascension status. Second, the sector-specific analysis unveils that the transportation, buildings, and non-combustion sector exhibits a higher propensity to increase the future CO2 levels. Generally, this chapter may provide useful insights concerning environmental sustainability prospects in developing states. Chapter IV explores the effects of political stability on environmental degradation, giving a renewed perspective on this topic in developing states. It shows that a nonlinear, bell-shaped pattern characterizes the relationship between variables at the aggregate level. Moreover, while this result is robust to a broad set of alternative specifications, significant heterogeneities are found regarding countries' distinct characteristics and alternative pollution measures. Besides, the country-specific estimates unveil contrasting patterns regarding the relationship between CO2 and political stability. Broadly speaking, the findings suggest that both the formal and informal sides of political stability play a vital role in mitigating CO2 pollution in developing countries, and may provide meaningful insights for policymakers. (...)