Journal articles: 'Energia, Fuel cell'

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Basiura, Maciej, and Urszula Żyjewska. "Wykorzystanie wodoru w gospodarstwie domowym na przykładzie urządzeń, w których zastosowano technologię ogniw paliwowych." Nafta-Gaz 78, no. 6 (June 2022): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2022.06.06.

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W artykule przedstawiono tematykę zagospodarowania wodoru w kontekście polityk krajowych (np. Porozumienie sektorowe na rzecz rozwoju gospodarki wodorowej w Polsce) i unijnych (pakiet aktów prawnych „Fit for 55”). Jednym ze sposobów wykorzystania wodoru do produkcji energii elektrycznej lub cieplnej jest technologia ogniw paliwowych. Umożliwia ona wytwarzanie ww. energii bez emisji szkodliwych substancji, np. pyłów. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono stan ogniw paliwowych w Polsce. Omówiono, jakie projekty i działalności podejmują polskie jednostki na rzecz rozwoju technologii ogniw paliwowych w Polsce. Następnie scharakteryzowano rynek urządzeń dla użytkowników domowych. Obecnie rynek tego typu urządzeń dla gospodarstw domowych jest stosunkowo mały. W katalogach producentów znajdują się agregaty prądotwórcze oraz kogeneratory lub mikrokogeneratory. Krótko omówiono dostępne urządzenia: jakie ogniwa paliwowe wykorzystują, jakim rodzajem paliwa są zasilane, jakie są ich parametry eksploatacyjne (tj. moc cieplna, moc elektryczna, sprawność). W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono sposoby wprowadzania produktów na rynek Unii Europejskiej. Jeśli ogniwa paliwowe i urządzenia je wykorzystujące mają być dopuszczone do obrotu w Unii Europejskiej, muszą spełniać wymagania odpowiednich rozporządzeń i dyrektyw. Wymieniono rozporządzenia i dyrektywy, którym mogą podlegać urządzenia wykorzystujące ogniwa paliwowe. Następnie przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z certyfikacją i badaniami potwierdzającymi właściwości deklarowane dla urządzeń z ogniwami paliwowymi w Laboratorium Badań Urządzeń Gazowych i Grzewczych Instytutu Nafty i Gazu – Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego. Omówiono zagadnienia związane z zakupem generatora energii elektrycznej wykorzystującego stos ogniw paliwowych, a także konfigurację stanowiska pomiarowego przygotowanego na potrzeby prowadzenia badań realizowanych w ramach pracy statutowej. Podano, jakie instalacje oraz ich opomiarowanie są konieczne do prowadzenia badań. Po stronie zasilającej urządzenia z ogniwem paliwowym znajdują się: paliwo, utleniacz (np. powietrze), energia elektryczna potrzebna do rozruchu urządzenia, natomiast po stronie wyjścia: energia elektryczna i cieplna produkowana przez urządzenie, gazy wylotowe oraz woda.

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Setz, L. F. G., S. R. H. Mello-Castanho, and M. R. Morelli. "Cromito de lantânio: material para interconectores de células a combustível de óxido sólido - uma revisão." Cerâmica 61, no. 357 (March 2015): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132015613571885.

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O cromito de lantânio (LaCrO3) é um material cerâmico sintético, que apresenta como principais características boa condutividade elétrica em altas temperaturas (> 800 °C), estabilidade química e física em atmosferas oxidantes e redutoras e, significativa atividade catalítica quando na forma de pós. Estas características o tornam atrativo para diversas aplicações de interesse tecnológico, como catalisadores, resistências para fornos de alta temperatura e geração de energia elétrica, sendo que nesse campo é potencialmente o material mais adequado para utilização como interconector em células a combustível de óxido sólido (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC). As características intrínsecas, propriedades e técnicas de processamento do cromito de lantânio são consideradas neste trabalho por meio de uma revisão dos principais estudos relatados ao longo dos últimos 40 anos.

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Perles, Carlos E. "Propriedades físico-químicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de membranas de Nafion® para aplicações em células a combustível do tipo PEMFC." Polímeros 18, no. 4 (2008): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282008000400005.

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Embora não seja tecnologia recente, as células a combustível ou Fuel Cells (FC) continuam recebendo grande atenção, pois são consideradas como "fontes de energia do futuro" devido a características como alto rendimento energético e baixa emissão de poluentes, permitindo a extensão o tempo de vida das reservas fósseis e contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Atualmente, as pesquisas estão direcionadas, principalmente, ao desenvolvimento de FC para aplicações em sistemas móveis e portáteis. De todas as tecnologias existentes, a mais promissora para essa finalidade é a célula a combustível de eletrólito polimérico, conhecida como PEMFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) cuja pesquisa encontra-se focada, principalmente, no desenvolvimento de membranas poliméricas, com o objetivo de reduzir os custos de produção. Este trabalho será focado nos aspectos físico-químicos do desenvolvimento de membranas poliméricas. Serão discutidos aspectos estruturais do Nafion® relacionado-os as seguintes propriedades físico-químicas: fluxo eletrosmótico, permeabilidade gasosa, transporte de água através da membrana, estabilidade química e térmica. Toda a discussão será realizada para polímeros perfluorados, utilizando o Nafion® como modelo representante dessa classe de polímeros.

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Branco, Ricardo Pereira, Taiana Denardi De Souza, and Christiane Saraiva Ogrodowski. "Célula combustível microbial: Uma revisão narrativa sobre a geração de energia e produção de biopolímeros / Microbial Fuel cell: A narrative review about Power generation and production of biopolymers." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 76195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n8-033.

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A. C. Sequeira, César, David S. P. Cardoso, Marta Martins, and Luís Amaral. "Novel materials for fuel cells operating on liquid fuels." AIMS Energy 5, no. 3 (2017): 458–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2017.3.458.

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Ferrari, Tatiane Caroline, Rafael Menechini Neto, Mara Heloísa Olsen Scaliante, and Luiz Mario De Matos Jorge. "MODELAGEM E SIMULAÇÃO DO ABATIMENTO DE CO A BAIXAS E MÉDIAS TEMPERATURAS PARA A APLICAÇÃO EM UMA CÉLULA A COMBUSTÍVEL AUTÔNOMA (MODELING AND SIMULATION TO REMOVAL OF CO BY LOW AND MEDIUM TEMPERATURES FOR APPLICATION IN AUTONOMOUS FUEL CELL)." Engevista 17, no. 2 (October 24, 2014): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/engevista.v17i2.658.

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A busca por fontes de energia que não sejam prejudiciais ao meio ambiente está se tornando cada dia mais urgente. Um exemplo são as células a combustível do tipo PEM (membrana eletrolítica polimérica), que utilizam hidrogênio como combustível. No entanto, na reforma de hidrocarbonetos para produzir um bom rendimento de hidrogênio ocorre à formação de CO que é um veneno para o catalisador da célula em concentrações acima de 50 mg L-1. Contudo, o CO pode ser removido por meio de um reator de leito fixo que promova a reação de water-gas shift (WGSR), convertendo o CO e água em H2 e CO2. Neste contexto, desenvolveu-se um modelo pseudo-homogêneo associado a equações cinéticas obtidas na literatura que pode reproduzir os resultados experimentais de um reator de leito fixo operando em baixas temperaturas para a WGSR. Com a cinética que forneceu o melhor ajuste, novas simulações foram feitas para a obtenção da temperatura e da razão CO/vapor d’água ótimas, que forneceram valores de 300°C e 0,25 respectivamente. No final, com as condições otimizadas mostrou-se o tempo de contato e o comprimento do leito necessário para diminuir a concentração de CO de 4000 para 50 mg L-1 que foram de 4 s e 1 m respectivamente.

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TÜRKER, Onur Can. "SOLAR ENERGY ASSISTS SEDIMENT MICROBIAL FUEL CELL TO GENERATE GREEN ENERGY FROM LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE." Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering 23, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1031449.

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Simultaneous liquid organic waste disposal and electricity generation were achieved by a solar-assist sediment microbial fuel cell (S-SMFC) in terms of an ecological and economical perspective. In this respect, 840 mL house environment liquid organic waste which contains 10% juice and 10% sugary tea were disposed by electrogenic bacteria and converted electricity with solar energy. A 100 F capacitor was easily charged 29 times with generated electricity. S-SMFC was disposed 10 mL more waste than control due to more electrical bacteria density on the graphite electrode. In this case, Proteobacteria and Firmucutes were categorized dominate bacteria groups, and they were found in the S-SMFC as 54% and 28%, respectively. Importantly, solar energy increased population density of these groups in the S-SMFC and the density on the graphite electrode increased more than 19% according to control. Some bacteria which were associated with electricity production in the S-SMFC were to Azospirillum fermentarium, Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas guangdongensis, Bacteroides sp., Azovibrio restrictus, Clostridium pascui, Levilinea saccharolytica, Seleniivibrio woodruffii, Geovibrio ferrireducens. Consequently, S-SMFC presents innovative, crucial and simple methodology in order to convert liquid organic waste into the green energy.

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Herlambang, Yusuf Dewantoro, Kurnianingsih Kurnianingsih, Anis Roihatin, and Fatahul Arifin. "Unjukkerja Electrolyzer tipe Dry Cell Terhadap Variasi Konsentrasi Elektrolit dan Arus Listrik pada Mesin PEM Fuel Cell Skala Kecil untuk Pembangkit Listrik." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v16i3.3077.

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Seiring peningkatan kebutuhan listrik di Indonesia serta menipisnya jumlah energi fosil dilakukan pengembangan energi baru terbarukan yang bebas polusi salah satunya yakni pemanfaatan energi hidrogen. Mesin fuel cell merupakan aplikasi pengembangan energi hidrogen yang dapat mengubah energi kimia menjadi energi listrik. Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell merupakan salah satu jenis fuel cell yang mampu beroperasi pada temperatur rendah dan menghasilkan efisiensi sekitar 40-60%. Pada penelitian sebelumnya kinerja dari mesin PEM fuel cell kurang maksimal, sehingga perlu dilakukan modifikasi pada bagian komponen HHO generator yakni dengan mengubah dari tipe wet cell menjadi dry cell. Pengubahan ini didasari kelemahan tipe wet cell dimana hasil debit gas hidrogen rentan tercampur dengan uap air akibat kenaikan temperatur pada larutan elektrolit sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penguapan. Hasil dari modifikasi ini yakni debit gas hidrogen yang mana setelah dilakukan modifikasi pada arus masukan 20 A dan konsentrasi KOH 0,5 M terjadi peningkatan debit sebesar 0,306 mL/s, kemudian pada 1 M terjadi peningkatan debit sebesar 1,434 mL/s, serta pada 1,5 M meningkat sebesar 5,439 mL/s. Namun demikian meski debit HHO generator, yang mana daya masukan fuel cell, meningkat efisiensi dari fuel cell justru menurun karena maksimum tegangan keluaran fuel cell sesuai spesifikasi hanya mencapai 2,3 V - 3 V, sehingga daya input masukan fuel cell tinggi namun daya keluaran fuel cell tetap sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang tentunya mengakibatkan nilai efisiensi fuel cell menurun. Secara keseluruhan hasil tertinggi efisiensi dari HHO generator mencapai 85,86% sedangkan efisiensi fuel cell mencapai 4,6%.

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Vera Natalia Ginting, Christin, Jumaida Sari Nasution, Malik Alfatah Sembiring, and Murniaty Simorangkir. "The effect of composition and substrate fermentation duration on microbial fuel cell electrical energy." Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 11, no. 3 (December 7, 2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkim.v11i3.15773.

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Ji, Hyunjin, and Joongmyeon Bae. "Start-up and operation of Gasoline Fuel Processor for Isolated Fuel Cell System." Journal of Energy Engineering 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2015.25.1.076.

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Saputra, Pressa Perdana Surya, and Misbah Misbah. "PENGONTROLAN TEGANGAN PADA PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEM-FC) MENGGUNAKAN PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION DAN PID." Eksergi 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v18i1.3209.

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Energi terbarukan telah menempati posisi salah satu yang dominan diteliti pada saat ini seiring dengan semakin menipisnya bahan bakar fosil. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang terus berkembang adalah fuel cell. Fuel cell merupakan peralatan konversi energi berdasarkan proses elektrokimia yang mengubah oksigen dan hidrogen menjadi air dan juga sekaligus menghasilkan panas dan energi listrik. Dikarenakan tegangan keluarn fuel cell yang rendah maka fuel cell perlu dirangkai secara seri dan parallel dan dinaikkan dengan boost converter sebelum dihubungkan dengan inverter dan beban AC. Penggunan metode PSO dalam menala nilai PID menjadi salah satu alternative yang dapat digunakan sehingga didapatkan sistem yang handal. Dari hasil simulasi, PSO-PID menghasilkan karakteristik sistem yang bagus seperti mengahasilkan overshoot yang rendah sebesar 211.3 Volt dan osilasi sedikit berjumlah 3 lonjakan. Sistem juga mencapai nilai steady state dengan cepat pada waktu 2.1 sekon an error sebesar 1 volt.

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Khayyamim, Tara, Khosrow Hajsadeghi, and Abolghasem Zabihollah. "A Novel Optimization Algorithm for Reliable Energy Generation based on Wind, Solar and Fuel Cell." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 4, no. 6 (2016): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2016.4.6.329.

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Son, Young Mok. "Fuel cell based CHP technologies for residential sector." Journal of Energy Engineering 25, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2016.25.4.251.

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Lucka, K., and H. Kohne. "FUEL PROCESSOR FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS BASED ON LIQUID FUELS." Clean Air: International Journal on Energy for a Clean Environment 6, no. 3 (2005): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjenercleanenv.v6.i3.20.

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MILEWSKI, Jaroslaw, and Krzysztof BADYDA. "E108 TRI-GENERATION SYSTEMS BASED ON HIGHTEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS(Distributed Energy System-2)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.1 (2009): _1–275_—_1–279_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.1._1-275_.

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Hidayat, Syarif, Dini Widyani Aghnia, Edwan Kardena, and Qomarudin Helmy. "Performance of Microbial Fuel Cell with Variation of External Resistors in Producing Electrical Energy and Removing Organic Compounds in Wastewater." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 17, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v17i3.223-232.

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wastewater into direct electrical energy. In this study, the applied external resistance in the MFC reactor was optimized to determine its optimum conditions in generating electrical energy and removing organic compounds in wastewater. The MFC reactor's performance was evaluated by cell potential, power density, Coulombic efficiency (CE), and organic removal efficiency. The purpose of measuring these parameters is to determine the MFC reactor's performance in producing electrical energy and removing organic compounds for each experiment variation. Biochemical tests were carried out to choose the type of microorganisms in the anode electrode. This measurement is essential for the optimization of environmental conditions for subsequent experiments. MFC reactor with 100 Ω was selected as an optimum condition since it produced the highest power density and efficiency organic removal. In this condition, the CE value was 57%, slightly lower than the MFC reactor with an external resistance of 50 Ω, 65%. Based on biochemical tests, microorganisms that grow on the anode electrode were closed to the Clostridium (Clostridium sp1 and Clostridium sp2), a type of bacteria that belongs to the class of the exoelectrogen. The results showed that the applied external resistance influenced the performance of the MFC reactor. Thus the selection of the proper external resistance is an essential factor in the MFC reactor's operation.

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Widharyanti, Ika Dyah, Muhammad Andiri Hendrawan, and Marcelinus Christwardana. "Membraneless Plant Microbial Fuel Cell using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for Green Energy Generation and Biomass Production." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.32403.

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The plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is a technology built to produce renewable and sustainable electricityin order to meet the increasing global demand. This study demonstrates the potential application of PMFC in swamps dominated by water hyacinth to produce biological energy and plant biomass.In this research, the plant was integrated into a microbial fuel cell that adopts various types of anode materials such as carbon felt, iron and zinc, with a varying distance of 10 and 20 cm between the anode and cathode. Organic compounds emerging from the photosynthesis process were deposited by plant roots, which were then oxidized by bacteria in the mud media. The result showed that the developed PMFC produced a voltage and current density of 244.8 mV and 185.4 mA/m2, respectively, for 30 days, with a maximum power of 100.2 mW/m2 in the cells using zinc as anode material with an electrode spacing of 10 cm. Furthermore, the pH value on PMFC with a longer electrode was higher than the shorter distance due to the protons' inability to move from anode to cathode against the force of gravity. In conclusion, PMFC which utilizes water hyacinth has a good performance in converting chemical energy from the substrate into electrical energy, and has the potential to be developed in underdeveloped areas.

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Dewi, Imelia, Laksmi Ambarsari, and Akhiruddin Maddu. "Utilization of Ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata in a microbial fuel cell as a new potential of renewable energy." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.2.61-67.

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The world's energy needs generally come from non-renewable sources. In other circumstances, some research on renewable energy is being developed from a variety of different sources, one of which is biomass. Biomass changes the energy system towards the modernization of the bioenergy system by utilizing the concept of biochemical systems (BESs). A microbial fuel cell is known as one of the renewable technologies that convert biomass with the help of microbes to produce electricity. This research is based on a microbial fuel cell based on ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata known as Ecoenzyme fuel cell to determine the electrical value (voltage, current, and power density). Ecoenzyme was made from orange peel waste, molasses, and water with a ratio of 3: 1: 10 and fermented for a month. Meanwhile, the electrode device used was a pencil graphite. Some treatments were carried out to optimize the performance of the system based on the number of electrodes (one pair and three pairs), and the stirring conditions, stirring at 200 rpm and without stirring (0 rpm). The EFC system was run for four weeks (600 hours) with the highest voltage obtained at 650 mV and current at 29.55 mA. The ecoenzyme produced the most significant power density of 750 W/m2 in the treatment of 3 electrode pairs with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The influence of electrodes and stirring in the MFC system upsurged the electrical value output by 53.7% for a pair of electrodes and 142% for three electrode pairs. Further development will continue to be done to improve the performance and output of the Ecoenzyme fuel cell system as a future renewable energy source in Indonesia.

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Junia, Denawati. "PRODUKSI HIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH KALENG MINUMAN BERBASIS REAKSI ALUMUNIUM DAN AIR DENGAN BANTUAN KATALIS NaOH." Risenologi 3, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2018.31.33.

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Krisis energi merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang tengah dihadapi oleh masyarakat global. Kebutuhan energi primer dunia diperkirakan akan meningkat cukup tinggi seiring dengan pertumbuhan populasi dan perkembangan teknologi. Solusi yang banyak ditawarkan atas permasalahan tersebut adalah beralihnya ke penggunaan energi alternatif. Namun, energi alternatif yang digunakan saat ini masih terfokus pada batu bara yang memiliki dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Fuel Cell merupakan kandidat energi alternatif yang bersih dan ramah lingkungan. Bahan bakar fuel cell merupakan hidrogen dan oksigen yang diproses secara elektrokimia menghasilkan energi listrik dan air. Namun, hidrogen tidak dapat langsung diperoleh, hidrogen ada di alam dalam keadaan berikatan dengan air maupun hidrokarbon. Dalam proses pemisahannya, para peneliti telah menemukan cara yang lebih bersih, yaitu dengan mereaksikan alumunium dan air dengan bantuan katalis. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan proses produksi hidrogen dengan memanfaatkan limbah kaleng minuman di Laboratorium Fuel Cell Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, meliputi perakitan reaktor, pengukuran laju produksi dengan variasi dimensi luas permukaan kaleng 5,33 mm, 3,10, <20 mesh, dan karakterisasi by-product Al(OH)3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan batas kemampuan reaktor yaitu pada 1,7 M NaOH, 2 gram Al, dan 250 gram aquades, pengukuran flowrate tertinggi diperoleh pada dimensi <20 mesh sebesar 115 ml/min/gr Al, byproduct Al(OH)3 telah dikonfimasi berdasarkan uji XRD, FE-SEM dan EDS.

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Permana, Dani, Hari R. Haryadi, Herlian E. Putra, Westy Juniaty, Saadah D. Rachman, and Safri Ishmayana. "EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN METILEN BIRU SEBAGAI MEDIATOR ELEKTRON PADA MICROBIAL FUEL CELL DENGAN BIOKATALIS ACETOBACTER ACETI." Molekul 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2013.8.1.128.

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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) merupakan salah satu teknologi sel bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat diperbarui. MFC memanfaatkan proses oksidasi senyawa kimia oleh biokatalis untuk menghasilkan energi listrik daya rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kinerja MFC dengan dan tanpa mediator elektron metilen biru (MB) menggunakan biokatalis Acetobacter aceti dan substrat glukosa agar diperoleh energi listrik. Metode yang dilakukan adalah peremajaan kultur A. aceti, persiapan inokulum, persiapan reaktor MFC, persiapan media MFC dengan substrat glukosa 2% dengan dan tanpa mediator MB, pencuplikan secara periodik, penentuan kurva pertumbuhan, arus, potensial, kerapatan daya, energi, kadar glukosa dan tingkat keasaman (pH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MFC dengan mediator menghasilkan kuat arus sebesar 0,040 mA, potensial 878 mV, kerapatan daya 0,395 mW/cm2, energi maksimum 3,685 kJ, pemanfaatan glukosa 93,02% dan pH akhir 3,33, sedangkan MFC tanpa mediator menghasilkan kuat arus 0,035 mA, potensial 773 mV, kerapatan daya 0,290 mW/cm2, energi maksimum 2,434 kJ, pemanfaatan glukosa 90,16% dan pH akhir 3,24. Perolehan kerapatan daya pada kedua jenis MFC masih tergolong kecil dan tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan mediator MB hanya berpengaruh terhadap perolehan potensial pada MFC dengan kondisi perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini.

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Ahmed, S. "Hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 26, no. 4 (April 2001): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(00)00097-5.

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Cho, Mann, and Young-Duk Koo. "Advanced Technologies for the Commercialization of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle." Journal of Energy Engineering 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2014.23.3.132.

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Wang, Hanlin, Erkan Oterkus, Selahattin Celik, and Serkan Toros. "Thermomechanical analysis of porous solid oxide fuel cell by using peridynamics." AIMS Energy 5, no. 4 (2017): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2017.4.585.

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Bonnet, Caroline, Stéphane Raël, Melika Hinaje, Sophie Guichard, Théophile Habermacher, Julian Vernier, Xavier François, Marie-Cécile Péra, and François Lapicque. "Direct fuel cell—supercapacitor hybrid power source for personal suburban transport." AIMS Energy 9, no. 6 (2021): 1274–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2021059.

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<abstract> In view to proposing an alternative to oversized energy sources currently installed in electric vehicles for suburban transport, a direct hybrid fuel cell (FC)-supercapacitors (SC) source has been designed and tested on a test bench. The rated 15.6 kW source—with an air-cooled 5.6 kW FC and a 165 F SC storage device—was shown perfectly suited to traction of a 520 kg vehicle along the NEDC cycle, then validating the previously developed concept of a one-ton car propelled by a 10 kW FC in the rated 30 kW hybrid source for this cycle. In comparison with a FC used alone, hybridization was shown to allow the power demand for the cell to vary in quite a narrower range, as formerly observed. Moreover, the rates of fuel cell voltage and current generated in the driving cycle, were shown to be reduced by one order of magnitude by the direct hybridization which is to contribute to the FC durability. Two operating parameters were shown to have a significant effect on the hybrid source efficiency, namely the capacity of the SC at 110 or 165 F, and the recovery of deceleration power—emulated by an external power supply—which can decrease by 25% the fuel consumption in NEDC cycle conditions, as predicted by the model. </abstract>

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Saini, Puneet Kumar, Agnimitra Biswas, and Dipankar Bhanja. "Performance Evaluation and Simulation of Solar Panel, Wind Mill, Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Small Scale Energy Harvesting." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 6 (2015): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.234.

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W. Purwanto, Widodo, Hairuni S.T.H, Slamet Slamet, M. Robbi F., and Verina J.W.D. "PEMBUATAN DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ELEKTROKATALIS KATODA PtCr/C DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL (DMFC)." Reaktor 11, no. 2 (July 13, 2007): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.11.2.53-56.

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Penambaan krom pada katoda Pt/C bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas reduksi oksigen dan mengurangi dampak methanol crossover yang terjadi pada DMFC. Penelitian PtCr/C disintesis dengan menggunakan metode poliol. Karakterisasi katalis dilakukan dengan XRF dan aktivitas katalis dianalisis dengan uji setengah sel dan satu sel. Hasil eksperimen uji setengah sel menunjukkan bahwa penambahan krom sebagai logam kedua belum dapat meningkatkan reaksi reduksi oksigen bila dibandingkan Pt/C ketika diuji tanpa kehadiran metanol sedangkan dengan kehadiran metanol 0.5 M aktivitas reduksi oksigen lebih tinggi. Aktivitas PtCr/C terbaik ditunjukkan oleh kinerja PtCr dengan komposisi 0.7:0.3 dimana tanpa kehadiran metanol potensial sel mencapai 0.76V dan dengan kehadiran metanol 0.5 M mencapai 0.77V. Aktivitas Pt/C tanpa kehadiran metanol mencapai 1.08V dan dengan kehadiran metanol menjadi 0.28V. Pada uji satu sel, aktivitas reduksi oksigen PtCr/C lebih rendah bila dibandingkan Pt murni. Tegangan maksimum PtCr/C sebesar 336-405 mV dan densitas energi maksimum 0.324-2.8 mW. Untuk Pt/C dengan tegangan maksimum sebesar 431 mV dan densitas energi maksimum 4.86 mW. Kinerja PtCr/C terbaik didapatkan pada katalis katoda hasil preparasi PtCr/C 0.8:0.2 yaitu densitas energi maksimum sebesar 2.8 mW/cm2 pada 182 mV dan 13.12mA/cm2.

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UTAMI, SRI. "Optimal Design Of Renewable Energy Systemusing Genetic Algorithm Case Study In Parangtritis." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 4, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v4i2.148.

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ABSTRAKAndil pariwisata terhadap perkembangan regional sangat besar begitu juga andilnya terhadap permasalahan lingkungan. Untuk mengurangi aspek negatif terhadap lingkungan serta meningkatkan penghematan, sistem energi terbarukan menempati prioritas penting dalam bidang pariwisata. Konfigurasi optimal sistem energi terbarukan direncanakan menggunakan Algoritma Genetika. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengoptimasi sistem energi terbarukan di Parangtritis, Kretek, Bantul, Jawa Tengah. Sistem yang dirancang terdiri dari sel surya dan turbin angin, sedangkan sistem penyimpanannya menggunakan baterai dan fuel cell. Algoritma ini meminimisasi fungsi objektif biaya total yang terdiri dari biaya investasi, biaya penggantian serta biaya operasi dan perawatan. Kehandalan sistem dievaluasi menggunakan indeks Equivalent Loss Factor (). Indeks ini memberikan informasi jumlah energi yang tidak dapat dipasok oleh sistem energi terbarukan. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan jumlah optimal sistem energi terbarukan dicapai dengan jumlah sel surya sebanyak 3, baterai 48,turbin angin sebanyak 36, elektroliser sebanyak 3, tangki hidrogen 2 dan fuel cell sebanyak 8. Nilai ELF yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0.01.ABSTRACTTourism has a massive contribution to regional development and shares environmental issues. Reducing reliances on fossil fuel, it is not still adequating energy consumption yet to cause development of renewable energy in crucial position for tourism desicition. An optimal configuration of renewable energy system was planned by Genetic Algorithm in this work. This research conducted to optimize renewable energy system in Parangtritis, Kretek, Bantul Central Java. The system consisted of solar cells and wind turbines, and the batteries and fuel cells were as storage system. The algorithm minimize objective function of total cost consisted of investment, replacement as well as operating and maintenance costs. A reability evaluation of the system was given by Equivalent Loss Factor (). This index inform an insufficient energy in the systems. The simulation showed an optimum size of the system, achieved by size of PV, battery, wind turbine, electrolizer, hidrogen tank and fuel cell were 3, 48, 36, 3, 2, 8 respectively. The ELF used in this simulation was 0.01. Keywords: fossil fuel, renewable energy, tourism, Equivalent Lost Factor

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Yoon, Sung Pil, Hyun Jae Kim, Byung-Tak Park, Suk Woo Nam, Jonghee Han, Tae-Hoon Lim, and Seong-Ahn Hong. "Mixed-Fuels Fuel Cell Running on Methane-Air Mixture." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (August 23, 2005): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2134741.

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In order to develop solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) running on hydrocarbon fuels, we have focused on a new method of improving electrode performance and reducing carbon deposition by coating thin films of samaria-doped ceria (SDC) within the pores of electrode by a sol-gel coating technique. The SDC coating on the pores of anode made it possible to have a good stability for long-term operation due to low carbon deposition and nickel sintering. In this study, we demonstrated a new method of improving electrode performance and reducing carbon deposition by coating thin films of samaria-doped ceria and applied the modification technique to two different types of fuel cell structures, anode-supported SOFC and comb-shaped SOFC. From our results, the maximum power density of an anode-supported cell (electrolyte; 8 mol% YSZ and thickness of 30μm, and cathode; La0.85Sr0.15MnO3) with the modified anode was ∼300mW∕cm2 at 700°C in the mixture of methane (25%) and air (75%) as the fuel, and air as the oxidant. The cell was operated for 500hr without significant degradation of cell performance. For the comb-shaped SOFCs operated in the mixed-fuels fuel cell conditions, the cell performance was 40mW∕cm2 at 700°C in the CH4∕O2 ratio of 1.

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Syafaati, Ayu Diah, Diana Rahayuning Wulan, and Irwan Nugraha. "Potensi Perolehan Energi Listrik dalam Proses Pengolahan Limbah Tahu Melalui Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)." ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan 3, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v3i2.3592.

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Abstract - The need of energy in Indonesia was increasing and encouraging to develope some efficient renewable technology and environmental friendly researches. One of the alternative energy that can be used is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) works by using microorganisms to degrade organic compounds that can generate electrical energy. Several studies have been conducted on Single Chamber MFC. In this study, conducted to determine the effect of wastewater treatment through Stack Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) on current producing. The system used carbon brush electrode, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) as cation exchanger, tofu liquid waste as source of substrate, and bacterial isolated tofu liquid waste as degrading organic substrate, that has known in system's ability to generate electrical energy as well as reduce COD value. Optical Density (OD) value was measured to determine the metabolic activity of bacteria, with wavelength 570 nm. The research showed that Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) that lasted for 72 hours resulted potential of electrical current 0.96 mA at Stack MFC and Blank 0,43 mA. The acquisition of electric current Stack MFC was greater than Blank Single Chamber. In addition, it also decreased Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value in the range of 28-38%. Keywords - Chemical Oxygen Demand, Current, Microbial Fuel Cell , Stack MFC, Tofu liquid waste

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Amri Widyatmoko. "Potensi Ranpur Bertenaga Fuel Cell untuk Mendukung Teknologi Siluman dan Kekuatan Tempur." DEFENDONESIA 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54755/defendonesia.v5i2.107.

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Teknologi ranpur (combat vehicle) terus berkembang mengikuti perkembangan zaman, termasuk era post pandemic yang menjadi momentum electric vehicle (EV). Sama-sama menggunakan motor listrik, pasar mobil listrik jenis lithium battery (EV) di dunia lebih mendominasi dibandingkan mobil listrik fuel cell hidrogen (FCV). Walaupun demikian terdapat keunggulan fuel cell hidrogen (FCV) yang tidak dapat ditandingi oleh lithium battery yaitu kapasitas daya yang besar untuk mendukung jarak tempuh dan kecepatan dalam refueling/recharging atau pengisian sumber listrik. Sistem propulsi berbasis hidrogen yang menghasilkan listrik memiliki keuntungan bebas suara (noise), asap (smoke), bau (odor) dan panas (heat). Hal ini jika diterapkan pada ranpur dapat mendukung kapabilitas siluman (stealth) sehingga tidak terdeteksi radar pada level tertentu. Kelebihan lain ranpur bertenaga fuell cell hidrogen adalah mengurangi ketergantungan kepada BBM, mengurangi polusi udara dan hidrogen termasuk dalam Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) yang bisa dibuat dari banyak sumber. Dalam kondisi keadaan militer terdesak dan jauh dari logistik, hidrogen bisa dibuat sendiri dengan metode elektrolisis air memanfaatkan tenaga surya atau tenaga lain. Kata Kunci: Fuel Cell, Hidrogen, Ranpur, Siluman

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Kusnanto. "PERAN KEAHLIAN TEKNOLOGI PROSES DAN SINTESIS BAHAN DALAM MENDUKUNG INDUSTRI NUKLIR DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 3, no. 1 (June 27, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2009.3.1.289.

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Energi telah menjadi basic need, yang setara dengan kebutuhan pangan. Dengan pandangan jauh ke depan, kini sudah tiba saatnya untuk mengupayakan pengurangan ketergantungan pada sumber energi primer fosil dan dengan serius mengembangkan sumber energi primer baru yaitu energi nuklir, sinergi dengan pengembangan energi baru dan terbarukan yang lain. Pengembangan reaktor maju menjadi mutlak diperlukan bila energi nuklir akan tetap digunakan sebagai andalan teknologi pemenuhan energi. Peluang untuk mengembangkan industri proses bahan semakin terbuka di Indonesia. Kekayaan alam, mineral dan energi merupakan modal besar bila ditopang dengan kemampuan penguasaan teknologi dan kebijakan pemerintah yang berpihak pada kemampuan dan kemandirian bangsa. Bila hydrogen diproduksi menggunakan reaktor maju dapat diproduksi secara komersial, dapat dipastikan kebutuhan zircon oxide, yang merupakan produk antara industri zirconium logam, akan sangat tajam meningkat kebutuhannya, yaitu untuk fuel cell. Fuel cell jenis SOFC diyakini paling efisien untuk digunakan sebagai alat konversi energi yang menggunakan bahan bakar hydrogen. Agar kemandirian bangsa ini dapat terwujud, dibutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang memiliki keahlian teknologi proses. Keahlian tidak dapat diperoleh hanya melalui pendidikan formal di perguruan tinggi. Keahlian diperoleh melalui 3 tahapan yaitu: a) Pendidikan; b) Pelatihan c) Pengalaman kerja. Pelatihan dan pengalaman kerja memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap keahlian seseorang. Oleh karena itu sertifikasi keahlian/profesi yang terdiri atas aspek pelatihan atau pengalaman kerja menjadi hal-hal yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan di atas.

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Eri Widianto, Najmudin Fauji,. "FABRIKASI MEMBRAN POLIMER BERBASIS LIMBAH STYROFOAM SEBAGAI ELEKTROLIT PADA BATERAI TERBARUKAN." Barometer 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35261/barometer.v3i1.1262.

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Baterai merupakan salah satu bentuk teknologi penyimpan energi yang dapat mengubah energi kimia menjadi energi listrik. Baterai memiliki tiga bagian, yaitu katoda, anoda dan elektrolit. Katoda sebagai kutub positif, anoda sebagai kutub negatif dan elektrolit sebagai konduktor ionik. Pemakaian larutan sebagai elektrolit dapat menyebabkan masalah yaitu dapat bocor dan mudah terbakar. Sehingga dibutuhkan membran elektrolit yang lebih aman, lebih praktis dan dapat dibuat dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil dan tipis. Limbah styrofoam mengandung zat berbahaya bagi tubuh dan susah terurai dalam tanah. Tetapi styrofoam banyak mengandung polimer yaitu polistiren, yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan pembuat membran elektrolit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan dilakukan fabrikasi membran polimer berbasis limbah styrofoam serta karakterisasi sifat-sifatnya. Pemanfaatan limbah styrofoam ini diharapkan mampu menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih serta dapat menjadi bahan untuk energi alternatif baru seperti fuel cell, baterai dan sel surya. Membran polimer ini berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan pada fuel cell, baterai Lithium dan sel surya. Pemanfaatan limbah styrofoam ini diharapkan mampu menciptakan lingkungan yang bersih serta dapat menjadi bahan untuk energi alternatif baru.

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Anggraini, Ika Novia, and Afriyastuti Herawati. "Pengujian Sludge Battery Dengan Teknologi Microbial Fuel Cell Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik Terbarukan." JURNAL AMPLIFIER : JURNAL ILMIAH BIDANG TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jamplifier.v8i2.15091.

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ABSTRACTMicrobial Fuel Cells are devices which convert chemical energy into electrical energy through catalytic reactions by microorganisms. In this study, the potential of electricity in MFC will be analyzed by using samples of sea mud, lake mud, land mud, and river mud. While the method used in this study is one series connected vessel, two vessels connected series with mud-water, two mud-mud series vessels, and the stack series method. The highest electrical conductivity produced by river mud reaches 3.63 mS/cm, while the lowest is lake mud with a conductivity value of 0.35 mS/cm. The highest electric power density produced by river mud by the two mud-mud vessel method is 46.766 mW/m2, while the lowest electrical power density in lake mud is 18.040 mW/m2. The highest electrical power is produced by river mud through a single vessel series system with a maximum power of 7.26 mW, while the lowest power is found in marine mud with a system of two mud-water vessels which is equal to 0.30 mW. The pattern of increase in voltage or current produced by the battery sludge is on average until the 7th day, then a decrease occurs until the last day of testing. The greatest potential for electrical energy is obtained by river mud using a single vessel series system with a maximum voltage of 5.38 V and lasting up to 14 days.Keyword : electric power density, microbial fuel cells, sludge battery

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Rahman, Mahyudin Abdul, and Eniya Dewi. "INOVASI TEKNOLOGI BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH BIOMASA KE ENERGI LISTRIK DENGAN TEKNOLOGI FUEL-CELL." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 10, no. 3 (December 14, 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v10i3.1478.

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Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43, Bacillus pumillus Asp-8 and co-culture of bothmicroorganism was inoculated and fermented by using molasses as by product ofsugar factory, sugar starch, and glycerol as by product of biodiesel into hydrogen gas(H2). Both producing double mutant bacteria as a facultative anaerobe and who wasobtained by classical mutagenetically treated in order to enhance H2 producing. Wehave obtained that E. aerogenes ADH-43 has highest ability for molasses fermentation,and the volume H2 reached 4,0 l H2/l molasses.The fermentation was carried out in 50ml vial bootle, 37 oC, pH 5.8 and 20 hrs. Optimization of molasses concentration wasperformed in order to study the inhibition, and finally, 2 % of molasses was found. Toenhance the yield and H2 flow rate, the fed-batch system was applied into 6 l StirredTank Fermentor (STR). Innitial volume 2 l of medium was fermented, 1 l fresh mediumwas added into reactor at 6 and 9 hrs of fermentation time. Finally the achieved volumeH2 was 6,5 l H2/l molasses, the remained molases was 0,2 %, and the fermentationtime could be prolonged 4 hrs compare to bacth fermentation. We have also found therelationship between the H2 evolution rate and the voltage of electrical formed whenwe connected into 7 stack of fuel-cell.

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Herlambang, Yusuf Dewantoro, and Anis Roihatin. "Teknologi Pembangkit Listrik Energi Baru Terbarukan Menggunakan Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Skala Kecil." Eksergi 15, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v15i1.1464.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisa unjuk kerja paling baik PEM Fuel Cell terhadap pengaruh laju aliran gas hidrogen dan oksigen. Metode yang digunakan dari studi literatur dan pengumpulan data untuk mendesain alat, disertai bimbingan dengan dosen agar hasilnya maksimal. Setelah itu, barulah diadakan pengadaan bahan untuk proses pembuatan alat agar dapat diuji. Pada pengujian elektroliser dilakukan variasi konsentrasi KOH dan arus input, sedangkan pada pengujian fuel cell dilakukan variasi laju aliran gas H2 dan O2 serta beban menggunakan lampu LED dioda. Dari hasil pengujian dan perhitungan elektroliser jumlah produksi gas hidrogen paling tinggi pada konsentrasi 2M dengan arus 20A sebesar 189,3 ml dan efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 93,5% . Dari data tersebut digunakan untuk menguji fuel cell. Pada fuel cell efisiensi tertinggi dan unjuk kerja paling bagus ada pada pemberian input gas H2 0,81 ml/s dan O2 0,45 ml/s dengan nilai efisiensi 4,25% dan nilai SFC 0,7 kg/kWh.

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Tsuzuki, Yuto, Yutaro Akimoto, and Keiichi Okajima. "Preventive control method for stable operation of proton exchange membrane fuel-cell stacks." AIMS Energy 11, no. 1 (2023): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023004.

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<abstract> Flooding and dry-out are major drawback issues in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which necessitate adequate prevention control techniques. In a fuel-cell stack, as flooding and dry-out occur on the inlet and outlet sides, respectively, both faults can exist simultaneously. Therefore, the timely detection of these two contradictory faults is crucial for implementing timely control measures. In this study, we propose a preventive control method that detects the fault signs early for more effective prevention. The proposed method uses a curve-fitting method, which uses overpotential as the control index. As the control index can be obtained by measuring the current, voltage, and temperature, the evaluation can be performed quickly, making it easy to implement in a PEMFC system. Under a single fault, the stack output power, hydrogen consumption, and power efficiency of the proposed preventive control method and the previous study on flooding were compared. The results showed that our preventive control method could detect flooding sooner and was superior in stack output power, hydrogen consumption, and power generation compared to the fault control method. Under conditions of mixed flooding and dry-out, both flooding and dry-out were detected using the overpotential as the control index. Thus, because the proposed method initiates control measures before the fault progresses, it is possible to ensure the continued stable operation of the fuel cells. </abstract>

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Song, Yu, Kai Han, and Dong-yang Wang. "Thermodynamic analysis of fossil fuels reforming for fuel cell application." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 39 (August 2020): 20232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.175.

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Ibrahim, Bustami, Safrina Dyah Hardiningtyas, and Steffen. "Kinerja Pembangkit Biolistrik Salt Bridge Mirrobial Fuel Cell Variasi Rasio Karagenan-Karboksimetil Selulosa." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 25, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v25i2.39872.

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Sistem microbial fuel cell (MFC) adalah teknologi terbarukan yang dapat mengubah materi organik menjadi energi berupa listrik. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan rasio karagenan (K) : karboksimetil selulosa (KMS) yang optimal pada jembatan garam untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dalam sistem MFC dan menentukan hasil listrik tertinggi dari limbah cair pindang ikan melalui teknologi MFC salt bridge. Jembatan garam K:KMS dibuat dengan perlakuan rasio K:KMS 1:1, 0,5:1, 0,6:1 (b/b). Perlakuan terbaik adalah K:KMS dengan perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan tegangan listrik tertinggi sebesar 0,88 V. Jembatan garam K:KMS dengan perbandingan 0,5:1 menghasilkan kuat arus tertinggi sebesar 1,22 mA, serta daya listrik tertinggi sebesar 0,85 mW. Nilai efisiensi penurunan BOD, dan TAN mengalami penurunan sebesar 90,36%, dan 60,45% pada perlakuan rasio K:KMS 1:1. Sistem salt bridge MFC ini menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat baik dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di masa depan.

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Pielecha, Ireneusz, Jerzy Merkisz, Maciej Andrzejewski, Paweł Daszkiewicz, Robert Świechowicz, and Mateusz Nowak. "Ultracapacitors and fuel cells in rail vehicle drive systems." Rail Vehicles, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-138526.

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W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia aktualnych i przyszłościowych rozwiązań układów napędowych stosowanych w pojazdach szynowych. Dokonano przeglądu oraz analizy możliwości gromadzenia energii w pojazdach z uwzględnieniem akumulatorów elektrochemicznych, mechanicznych oraz hydraulicznych. Wskazano na duże znaczenie częstości ich ładowania, co przekłada się na możliwość ich zastosowania. Przedstawiono charakterystyki układów napędu hybrydowego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem układów z ogniwami paliwowymi oraz ultrakondensatorami. Zaprezentowano obecne i koncepcyjne rozwiązania szeregowych i równoległych układów napędowych.

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Corigliano, O., G. De Lorenzo, and P. Fragiacomo. "Techno-energy-economic sensitivity analysis of hybrid system Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine." AIMS Energy 9, no. 5 (2021): 934–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2021044.

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<abstract> The paper presents a wide and deep analysis of the techno-energy and economic performance of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine hybrid system fed by gas at different compositions of H2, CO, H2O, CO2, CH4, and N2. The layout of the system accounts for pressurizing of entering fluids, heat up to the set Solid Oxide Fuel Cell inlet conditions, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell thermo-electrochemical processing, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell—exhaust fluids combustion, turbo-expansion after heat up, and final recovery unit for cogeneration purposes. An ad hoc numerical modeling is developed and then run in a Matlab calculation environment. The influence on the system is evaluated by investigating the change of the fuel composition, and by managing the main operating parameters such as pressure and the fuel utilization factor. The analysis reports on the specific mass flowrates necessary to the purpose required, by assessing the SOFC outlet molar compositions, specific energies (work) at main system elements, specific thermal energies at main system elements, energy and technical performance for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell energy unit; the performance such as electric and thermal efficiency, temperatures at main system elements. A final sensitivity analysis on the performance, Levelized Cost of Energy and Primary Energy Saving, is made for completion. The first simulation campaign is carried out on a variable anodic mixture composed of H2, CO, H2O, considering the H2/CO ratio variable within the range 0.5-14, and H2O molar fraction variable in the range 0.1-0.4; used to approach a possible syngas in which they are significantly high compared to other possible compounds. While other simulation campaigns are conducted on real syngases, produced by biomass gasification. The overall Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine system showed a very promising electric efficiency, ranging from 53 to 63%, a thermal efficiency of about 37%, an LCOE ranging from 0.09 to 0.14 ＄·kWh-1, and a Primary Energy Saving in the range of 33-52%, which resulted to be highly affected by the H2/CO ratio. Also, real syngases at high H2/CO ratio are noticed as the highest quality, revealing electric efficiency higher than 60%. Syngases with methane presence also revealed good performance, according to the fuel processing of methane itself to hydrogen. Low-quality syngases revealed electric efficiencies of about 51%. Levelized Cost of Energy varied from 0.09 (for high-quality gas) to 0.19 (for low-quality gas) ＄·kWh-1, while Primary Energy Saving ranged from 44 to 52%. </abstract>

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Obu Showers, Samson, and Atanda Kamoru Raji. "State-of-the-art review of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle energy management systems." AIMS Energy 10, no. 3 (2022): 458–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022023.

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<abstract> The primary purpose of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) is to tackle the challenge of environmental pollution associated with road transport. However, to benefit from the enormous advantages presented by FCHEVs, an appropriate energy management system (EMS) is necessary for effective power distribution between the fuel cell and the energy storage systems (ESSs). The past decade has brought a significant increase in the number of FCHEVs, with different EMSs having been implemented due to technology advancement and government policies. These methods are broadly categorised into rule-based EMS methods, machine learning methods and optimisation-based control methods. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic literature review on the different EMSs and strategies used in FCHEVs, with special focus on fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid electric vehicles. The contribution of this study is that it presents a quantitative evaluation of the different EMSs selected by comparing and categorising them according to principles, technology maturity, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, considering the drawbacks of some EMSs, gaps were highlighted for future research to create the pathway for comprehensive emerging solutions. Therefore, the results of this paper will be beneficial to researchers and electric vehicle designers saddled with the responsibility of implementing an efficient EMS for vehicular applications. </abstract>

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Hasan, Muhammad Syukri, and Widayat Widayat. "Produksi Hidrogen dengan Memanfaatkan Sumber Daya Energi Surya dan Angin di Indonesia." Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2022.13374.

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Kebutuhan energi final per jenis masih didominasi oleh penggunaan energi BBM. Sektor transportasi merupakan pengguna energi terbesar diantara sektor-sektor lainnya. Energi yang digunakan pada sektor transportasi hamper mayoritas menggunakan BBM. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan subtititusi BBM ke energi hidrogen sebagai energi alternatif untuk sektor transportasi. Besarnya potensi energi surya dan energi angin di Indonesia serta perkembangan teknologinya yang semakin efisien dan murah maka produksi hidrogen dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode elektrolisis yang mudah diterapkan dan murah untuk diproduksi untuk masa depan. Produksi Hidrogen skala besar menggunakan Elektrolisis air membutuhkan banyak supplai air. Oleh karena itu potensi air laut di Indonesia dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku subtitusi air tawar. Pemanfaatan Hidrogen dengan fuel cell dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi listrik untuk moda transportasi seperti mobil listrik dan sepeda motor listrik yang saat ini mulai berkembang.

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Archer, Sophie A., and Robert Steinberger-Wilckens. "Systematic analysis of biomass derived fuels for fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 52 (December 2018): 23178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.10.161.

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Watanabe, Takao, Yoshiyuki Izaki, Yoshihiro Mugikura, Hiroshi Morita, Masahiro Yoshikawa, Makoto Kawase, Fumihiko Yoshiba, and Koichi Asano. "Applicability of molten carbonate fuel cells to various fuels." Journal of Power Sources 160, no. 2 (October 2006): 868–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.058.

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Chetty, Raghuram, and Keith Scott. "Dimethoxymethane and trimethoxymethane as alternative fuels for fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 173, no. 1 (November 2007): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.07.068.

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Barton, S. Calabrese, T. Patterson, E. Wang, T. F. Fuller, and A. C. West. "Mixed-reactant, strip-cell direct methanol fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 96, no. 2 (June 2001): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00663-7.

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Jasiński, Marcin, Krzysztof Ziewiec, Mirosława Wojciechowska, and Paweł Pasierb. "In situ infrared thermography of full-scale solid oxide fuel cell." Journal of Power Sources 442 (December 2019): 227221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227221.

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Wakabayashi, Noriaki, Kaori Takeuchi, Hiroyuki Uchida, and Masahiro Watanabe. "Characterization of Methoxy Fuels for Direct Oxidation-Type Fuel Cell." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 151, no. 10 (2004): A1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1793191.

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Zakyia, Imra, and Mohammad Ali Shafii. "Analisis Distribusi Fluks Neutron pada Reaktor Berbentuk Slab Menggunakan Persamaan Difusi Multigrup Satu Dimensi dengan Metode Gauss-Seidel." Jurnal Fisika Unand 9, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.9.3.388-393.2020.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai distribusi fluks neutron dalam persamaan difusi neutron multigrup satu dimensi. Jenis reaktor yang digunakan adalah reaktor cepat dengan teras berbentuk slab dan bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu U-PuN. Penelitian ini menggunakan penampang lintang makroskopik di level sel bahan bakar sebagai masukan awal untuk 70 grup energi. Data library yang digunakan adalah JFS-3-J33 70 grup energi neutron yang merupakan data dari kode komputer SLAROM dari JAEA Jepang. Rentang energi dibagi ke dalam tiga daerah grup energi yaitu grup energi cepat, grup energi menengah dan grup energi termal. Metode iterasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode iterasi Gauss-Seidel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi fluks neutron pada grup energi cepat untuk bahan bakar U-235 dan Pu-239 berkisar antara 32,96 n/s cm2 sampai 121,95 n/s cm2, sedangkan pada grup energi menengah terjadi tumpang tindih antar grup energi dan pada grup energi termal distribusi fluks neutron untuk U-238 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan U-235 dan Pu-239. Perbedaan nilai ini terjadi karena U-238 merupakan bahan fertil. Distribusi fluks neutron pada grup energi cepat memiliki nilai lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan grup energi menengah dan termalkarena penelitian ini didesain untuk reaktor cepat. Research on the distribution of the neutron flux in the one-dimensional multigroup neutron diffusion equation has been done. The type of reactor used is a fast reactor with a slab-shaped reactor core, and the fuel used is U-PuN. The study used macroscopic cross-sections at the fuel cell level as initial input for 70 neutron energy groups. The data library used is JFS-3-J33 70 energy groups, the library data of SLAROM computer codes from JAEA Japan. The energy range is divided into three regions of neutron energy groups, namely fast, medium, and thermal energy groups. The iteration method used in this study is the Gauss-Seidel iteration method. The results showed that the flux distribution in the fast energy group for U-235 and Pu-239 fuels ranged from 32.96 n/s cm2 to 121.95 n/s cm2, whereas in the intermediate neutron energy group overlaps each other and in the thermal energy group the U-238 neutron flux distribution is lower than U-235 and Pu-239. This difference in value occurs because U-238 is fertile material. The distribution of neutron flux in the fast energy group has a more accurate value compared to the medium and thermal energy groups because this study is designed for fast reactors.

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Syarif, Nirwan, Dedi Rohendi, Ade Dwi Nanda, M. Try Sandi, and Delima Sukma Wati Br Sihombing. "Gas diffusion layer from Binchotan carbon and its electrochemical properties for supporting electrocatalyst in fuel cell." AIMS Energy 10, no. 2 (2022): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022016.

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<abstract> The gas diffusion layer (GDL) in the fuel cell has been made from carbon dispersion electrochemically deposited from binchotan. We prepared GDL by spraying the ink on the surface of the conductive paper. The carbon was then characterized by its crystallography, surface functional groups and size by x-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR and PSA instrumentations. Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy tests were applied to study the GDL electrochemical characters. Buble drop tests were used to obtain contact angles representing the hydrophobicity of the layer. The electrodeposition/oxidation of binchotan derived carbon dispersion has a crystalline phase in its dot structure. According to particle size analysis, carbon dispersion has an average particle size diameter of 176.7 nm, a range of 64.5–655.8 nm, and a polydispersity index was 0.138. The Nyquist plot revealed that the processes in the GDL matrices as the plot consist of two types of structures, i.e., semicircular curves and vertical (sloping) lines. The GDL electrical conductivity of Vulcan and carbon dots were 0.053 and 0.039 mho cm-1. The contact angle between conductive paper and water was 150.27°; between the gas diffusion layer and carbon Vulcan was 123.28°, and between the gas diffusion layer and carbon dispersion was 95.31°. The surface of the GDL with Vulcan is more hydrophobic than that made with carbon dispersion. In other words, the GDL with carbon dispersion is closer to hydrophilic properties. The results show that the carbon can support the gas diffusion layer for hydrophobic and hydrophilic conditions. </abstract>

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Journal articles on the topic 'Energia, Fuel cell'

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