Relevant bibliographies by topics / Energetic study

Academic literature on the topic 'Energetic study'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Energetic study":

1

Al-Kassir, A. Rahman, J. Fernandez, F. V. Tinaut, and F. Castro. "Thermographic study of energetic installations." Applied Thermal Engineering 25, no. 2-3 (February 2005): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.06.013.

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2

Selinger, Jessica C., and J. Maxwell Donelan. "Estimating instantaneous energetic cost during non-steady-state gait." Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 11 (December 1, 2014): 1406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00445.2014.

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Respiratory measures of oxygen and carbon dioxide are routinely used to estimate the body's steady-state metabolic energy use. However, slow mitochondrial dynamics, long transit times, complex respiratory control mechanisms, and high breath-by-breath variability obscure the relationship between the body's instantaneous energy demands (instantaneous energetic cost) and that measured from respiratory gases (measured energetic cost). The purpose of this study was to expand on traditional methods of assessing metabolic cost by estimating instantaneous energetic cost during non-steady-state conditions. To accomplish this goal, we first imposed known changes in energy use (input), while measuring the breath-by-breath response (output). We used these input/output relationships to model the body as a dynamic system that maps instantaneous to measured energetic cost. We found that a first-order linear differential equation well approximates transient energetic cost responses during gait. Across all subjects, model fits were parameterized by an average time constant (τ) of 42 ± 12 s with an average R2 of 0.94 ± 0.05 (mean ± SD). Armed with this input/output model, we next tested whether we could use it to reliably estimate instantaneous energetic cost from breath-by-breath measures under conditions that simulated dynamically changing gait. A comparison of the imposed energetic cost profiles and our estimated instantaneous cost demonstrated a close correspondence, supporting the use of our methodology to study the role of energetics during locomotor adaptation and learning.
3

Guo-dong, WANG, Jing Su-ming, and Liu Guo-qing. "Theoretical study on structure and properties of borate ester energetic compounds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 032065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/3/032065.

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Abstract The potential advantages of energetic boron esters in the application of energetic materials were analyzed. Based on the synthesis feasibility analysis, 10 kinds of tetrazolium energetic boron esters were designed. The geometric structure, density, enthalpy of formation and impact sensitivity of 10 energetic boron esters were calculated by using density functional theory. The detonation parameters were calculated by using Explo5 program. The results show that the density of 10 compounds is between 1.74 ~ 2.18g/cm3, the detonation velocity distribution range is 7675.92 ~ 9209.45km/s, and the detonation pressure distribution range is 26.75 ~ 36.18Gpa. Among them, tris (5-difluoroaminotetrazole) borate has the best energetic properties and has a good application prospect in propellant bonding agent and pyrotechnic agent.
4

Kumasaki, Mieko, Saori Gontani, Kanae Mori, Shinya Matsumoto, and Kazuki Inoue. "Crystallographic study of the energetic salt 1,2,4-triazolium perchlorate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 77, no. 5 (April 9, 2021): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229621003260.

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The molecular and crystal structure of 1H-1,2,4-triazolium perchlorate, C2H4N3 +·ClO4 −, was determined as detailed crystallographic data had not been available previously. The structure has monoclinic (P21/m) symmetry. It is of interest in the field of energetic compounds because nitrogen-rich azoles are the backbone of high-density energetic compounds, and salt-based energetic materials can exhibit preferential energy-release behaviour. The bond angles of the 1,2,4-triazolium cation in this study were similar to those of a cationic triazole ring reported previously and were different from those of the neutral triazole ring. This study contributes to the available data that can be used to analyse the relationship between the structures and properties of energetic materials.
5

Sarasua, Jon Ander, Leire Ruiz Rubio, Estibaliz Aranzabe, and Jose Luis Vilas Vilela. "Energetic study of ultrasonic wettability enhancement." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 79 (November 2021): 105768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105768.

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6

Dávalos, Juan Z., Rebeca Herrero, José C. S. Costa, Luís M. N. B. F. Santos, and Joel F. Liebman. "Energetic and Structural Study of Bisphenols." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 118, no. 20 (May 8, 2014): 3705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp503567c.

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7

Li, Fuhai, Hantao Liu, and Yanwen Xiao. "Study of the Impact Energy Releasing Characteristics of Al/PTFE/W Energetic Jets." Shock and Vibration 2020 (August 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8942523.

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Compared with traditional jets, energetic jets have more efficient damage effects. To study the reaction characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene- (PTFE-) based energetic jets under impact loading, the static mechanical properties of Al/PTFE/W composite energetic materials are studied by using a universal testing machine at a strain rate of 0.01 s−1, and the dynamic mechanical properties are tested on a slip Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system at a strain rate of 1000∼5500 s−1. A dynamic energy acquisition system is established to quantify the energy generated by the response of the Al/PTFE/W energetic jets to impact targets. The effects of the material proportion and impact energy on the mechanical and energy release properties of the Al/PTFE/W energetic jets are analyzed. The results show that the Al/PTFE/W composite has an obvious strain rate effect. As the W content in the composite increases, the yield strength and compressive strength of the material increase gradually, but the strain at break decreases. When the W content is 45%, the peak pressure, total release energy, pressure platform duration, and total pressure duration of the Al/PTFE/W energetic jets are the highest. As the impact energy increases, the pressure peak and energy release values of the energetic jets increase. At an impact energy threshold of 106.1 MJ/m2, the chemical reaction of the Al/PTFE/W (45%) energetic jets is saturated. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of energetic jets.
8

Fu, Yu, Shuhong Ba, Lu Feng, Ping Xia, Wendong Sun, Bo Zhang, Yuanyu Zhao, Jianing Tian, and Fei Wang. "Study on the catalytic performance of a new double-shell composite energetic material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2566, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2566/1/012001.

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Abstract To improve the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP), the effects of P-N junction metal oxides with different coating sequences on thermal decomposition were compared. AP / ZnO / ZnCo2O4 double-shell composite energetic materials and AP / ZnCo2O4 / ZnO double-shell composite energetic materials were manufactured by the liquid phase deposition method. XRD, FT-IR, and TEM characterize the structure of samples. The self-catalytic properties of double-shell composite energetic materials were investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). XRD, FT-IR, and TEM results show the formation of a P-N junction. The double-shell composite energetic material was successfully prepared and had a good coating effect. DTA results show the Pyrolytic peak of AP / ZnO / ZnCo2O4 double-shell composite energetic materials has been drowned to 262.85 °C. The decomposition peak of AP / ZnCo2O4 / ZnO double-shell composite energetic material is 272.31 °C, and the difference between the two is obvious. The coating of N-type metal semiconductor material can greatly improve the autocatalytic performance of the material, giving a new idea for designing AP catalysts.
9

Zhang, Hong, Lu Jun Zan, Bo Zhao, and Hui Dong Qiu. "Study on the Thermal Sensitivity of Energetic Materials Characterized by Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 394 (September 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.394.45.

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Liquid energetic materials were not tested through traditional test methods for thermal sensitivity. Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (ARC) was scientific to test thermal sensitivity of energetic materials. The decompositions of Hexogen (RDX), Octogen (HMX), 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Nitromethane (NM), Iso-propyl Nitrate (IPN) were studied by ARC. Kinetic and thermodynamics parameters were calculated and analyzed. Temperature corresponding different time to maximum rate under adiabatic condition (θ) was calculated. The results show that the thermal sensitivity of energetic materials is NM>IPN>RDX>HMX>TNT, which suggests ARC could be used in the test of thermal sensitivity of liquid energetic materials.
10

Li and Du. "Experimental Study on the Energy-Release Characteristics of Fine-Grained Fe/Al Energetic Jets under Impact Loading." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203317.

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The energy released by the active metal phase in fine-grained Fe/Al energetic materials enables the replacement of conventional materials in new types of weapons. This paper describes an experiment designed to study the energy-release characteristics of fine-grained Fe/Al energetic jets under impact loading. By means of dynamic mechanical properties analysis, the physical and chemical properties of Fe/Al energetic materials with specific content are studied, and the preparation process is determined. The energy-release properties of fine-grained Fe/Al jets subject to different impact conditions are studied based on experimental data, and energy-release differences are discussed. The results show that for fine-grained Fe/Al energetic materials to remain active and exhibit high strength, the highest sintering temperature is 550 °C. With increasing impact energy, the energy release of fine-grained Fe/Al energetic jets increases. At an impact-energy threshold of 121.1 J/mm2, the chemical reaction of the fine-grained Fe/Al energetic jets is saturated. The experimental data and microscopic analysis show that when the impact energy reaches the threshold, the energy efficiency ratio of Fe/Al energetic jets can reach 95.3%.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energetic study":

1

Zhu, Jin-Qian. "Evaluation of the energetic contribution from gut fermentation in growing pigs." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU016517.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth supporting value of DE derived from gut fermentation in growing pigs. Unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SBP) was selected as a model material for fermentation. For a reference material which would be digested in the small intestine by the endogenous enzymes, maize starch (MS) was selected. A cereal-based control diet was formulated to fulfil the needs of pigs for all essential nutrients apart from energy. To this control diet, either SBP (150 & 300 g/kg) or MS (100 & 200 g/kg) were added. The study consisted of two phases. The first phase (digestion trial and growth trial) was devoted to studying the digestion of these diets and to comparing the effects on growth of pigs of the two DE sources (SBP and MS). The second phase was to determine the production of VFA resulting from the fermentation of SBP. Methods used included stoichiometric calculations based on measurements of the molar proportions of VFA combined with CH4 production, and a direct assessment of the true fermented materials using antibiotics to suppress fermentation. The results of the first phase showed that the energy in SBP and MS had an apparent digestibility of 0.74 and 0.98. The DE from SBP was used for supporting carcass gain with an efficiency of 0.57 of the DE from MS. The results of the second phase indicated that measurements of methane production alone or even with inclusion of free hydrogen could underestimate the extent of fermentation in the gut of pigs. The results also suggest that with the cereal-based control diet, fermentation could supply up to 13.6% of the dietary DE in the form of VFA or 18.0% in the form of fermented energy. For this control diet incorporating 30% SBP, the respective values were 25.4% and 33.4%. The absorbed VFA resulting from the fermentation of SBP had a growth supporting value of 0.763 of that of absorbed glucose from MS.
2

Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki. "Simulation study of energetic particle physics in perturbed helical plasmas." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215531.

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Hammel, Benjamin Diethelm. "Study Of Intense Energetic Electron Beams In X-Pinch Experiments." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10161337.

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High-energy electron beams, with electron kinetic energies (∼1 MeV) much greater than the surrounding plasma temperature (<1 keV), are a common feature in Z-pinch pulsed power experiments. Their existence is indicated by non-thermal spectral signatures, such as high-energy Bremsstrahlung photons from the anode hardware and characteristic X-ray emission not representative of the pinch "hot-spot" temperatures. Despite their regular occurrence, the properties of these beams (kinetic energy, current) are not well known.

This dissertation describes an experimental study of X-pinch generated high-intensity electron beams, performed on the 1 MA pulsed power generator at the Nevada Terawatt Facility, and the feasibility of a novel method for inferring the total kinetic energy in the beam, through time-resolved measurements of the beam-induced shock that propagates through the anode.

4

Scott, Chris. "A computational study of surface topography arising from energetic particle interactions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10090.

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A computational investigation into the development of surface topographies subjected to energetic particle bombardment has been undertaken. Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) and on-the- y kinetic Monte Carlo (otfKMC) techniques were employed and di erent bombardment conditions were considered. Surface topography development is of interest due to applications such as ion etching, which can be used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Crater formation on a HfO2-MgO interface system was investigated using a variety of methods. Initially single atom and cluster bombardments were performed, highlighting the radiation tolerance of the interface system. Subsequently, swift heavy ion bombardment of the interface was considered using a MD thermal spike model and an electron stripping with recombination model. Both models gave similar results to those seen experimentally: hillocks forming on the surfaces over the impact points of the ions; and ion tracks forming around the paths of the ions in the material. Hillock heights and sputtering yields were shown to increase linearly with the electronic stopping force of the bombarding ion, for the range of systems we considered. Bullet impacts on armour plating (SiC) have been simulated using MD. The bullet was modelled by a hard sphere that was forced into the substrate to the target depth. Both 4H and 6H SiC polytypes were considered with di erent bullet sizes and speeds. The 4H system resulted in the displacement of less atoms and also a much lower sputtering yield than for the similar 6H system. However dislocations were seen to propagate through the 4H system but not the 6H one. A large amount of sputtering was observed in the higher speed 6H simulations, with the ejection of many big clusters of atoms. These clusters generally had a high temperature (around 1,500 K) with speeds typically in excess of 1,000 m/s. Surface topography development by way of multiple impacts on Au was investigated using two di erent methodologies. Initially a traditional, MD based, methodology was used to model Au self bombardment of the high index f3 11 0g surface, which has been shown to produce interesting features. The disadvantage of this type of method is that MD cannot simulate time scales long enough to allow di usion between impacts. The MD method was shown to lead to a build up of defects in the systems: a result of the artificially high dose rate. An improved method was then used to model Ar and Au bombardment of both f0 1 0g and f3 11 0g Au surfaces. This hybrid MD-otfKMC technique enabled realistic time scales to be achieved. MD was used to model the ballistic phase while otfKMC was used to model di usion between events. The erosion rate of the surface was shown to be almost linear with time while the roughness of the surface was shown to oscillate: indicative of the healing process that occurs between bombardment events.
5

Masip-Sanchis, Ximo. "Energetic study of a residential building in Skutskär and savings proposal." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21665.

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This project consists on the Energy audit carried out on a residential building in Skutskär, property of the company Älvkarlebyhus, which is placed in the Älvkarleby municipality, belonging to Uppsala County in Sweden. The aim of the Energy audit is to obtain how much Energy is used, when is it used and how is it used. As well as the costs of the Energy use. The aim of the Energy audit also consists in reduces the Energy use applying efficiency measures. The audit carried out consist on identifying the heat losses and heat gains of the building, thus establishing an Energy balance that will reflect the Energy state of the building and finally propose some efficiency measures that could be applied. With this purpose, a strong method was developed in order to obtain as accurate results as possible. This method studies separately each component of the balance in order to get a better approach. The idea when working and present the results is to manage all the information in an easy way and present it in an easily understandable way for everyone, thus was used a spreadsheet. The expected results have been achieved; the difference between the heat losses and gains is of 0 MWh, which represents the balance 0 and all the values obtained are according to the experience values, which achieve the expected results. The total heat gain of the balance accounts for 1575,23 MWh. It is compounded by the District heating consumption which accounts 742,22 MWh that represents the 47 % of the heat gain and by the free heating which accounts for 832,79 MWh that represents the 53 %. The free heating is compounded by solar radiation which accounts for 643,36 MWh representing 41 % and for Internal heating which accounts for 189,43 MWh that represents 12 %. The total heat loss of the balance accounts for 1575,23 MWh. It is compounded by transmission losses which accounts for 875,46 MWh that represents 56 %, mechanical ventilation which accounts for 369,89 MWh that represents the 23 %, natural ventilation which account for 182,88 MWh that represents 12 % and hot tap water which account for 147 and represents 9 %. The efficiency measures will improve the Energy use in the buildings; especially in the cases were the Energy usage is too high, as in the case of transmission losses. Thus, the efficiency measures will be proposed mainly to alleviate the high values but also to improve other inefficient uses of the Energy. There are some efficiency measures proposed for every component of the balance and there is also some recommendation for the company in order to implement the most attractive ones, taking into account its profitability. These measures are only proposed and not studied deeply because of the main limitation of this thesis. Therefore, it is recommended to continue the study in order to examine and analyse deeply each measure, according to the energetic survey already done.
6

Nakayama, Yohei. "Simulation Study on Enhancements of Energetic Heavy Ions in the Magnetosphere." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218015.

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Asamura, Kazushi. "Study of energetic neutral atoms precipitating into the low-latitude upper atmosphere." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181172.

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Šimko, Vladimír. "Studie proveditelnosti projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224311.

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The Master’s Thesis deals with project management issues in the field of energetic, specifically diversification of fuel base with usage of renewable resources. The thesis is divided into two parts, from which the first part is focused on theoretical background of project, project management and feasibility study issues. In the second part particular feasibility study is elaborated. The goal of this thesis is to create feasibility study, which is one of the requested appendixes of grant application.
9

Abduljabbar, Ahmed A. "Energetic and exergetic study for cross-corrugated membrane-based total recovery exchanger for ventilation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13097.

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Indoor air quality is an important component of the air conditioning of buildings due to its major effect on the health of the occupants, thus the air supplied to these buildings by the ventilation system should be sufficient, clean and healthy. A most promising development was the heat recovery system which offers better thermal energy efficiency and comfort with adequate fresh air. An energetic and exergetic analysis has been conducted on a cross-corrugated membrane based total heat exchanger core for ventilation of single dwellings. In order to enhance the sensible and latent effectiveness of the heat and mass transfer intensification was achieved by selecting Polyethersulfone for the membrane material, and a cross-corrugation arrangement of different dimensions for the primary surface exchanger. The design was tested against a ventilation air volume flow rate for an individual household; from 85 to 100 m3/hr. The dimensions of the exchanger were based on the polymer core being developed by Redring-Xpelair, Peterborough UK, with core dimensions of width and length both 250 mm, and a range of heights 100 – 500 mm. The cross-corrugated design of the test core had triangular openings with pitch lengths of 5, 10 and 25 mm. The ambient conditions were for a cold and humid winter in the UK. The ambient temperature test values were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 °C, and the inlet air velocities in the core were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 m/s, with Reynolds numbers not exceeding 2200. CFD studies were conducted to investigate the thermal-fluid performance of the core, the Transition-SST model was used in the simulations within ANSYS Fluent 17.1 software and was validated using experimental data in the literature. The proposed model performed successfully in this study and proved that it was compatible with the test conditions. The exergetic analysis was conducted using the IPSEpro modelling software, by creating a system consisting of membrane core, a domestic dwelling, fresh air and exhaust fans. The energetic analysis results were the basis of the IPSEpro modelling to determine the exergy, the exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction in the system. The study concluded from both the energetic and the exergetic analysis that the membrane based exchanger core showed promising performance as a total heat and moisture recovery application with sensible and latent effectiveness values varying from 65% to 82%; and exergetic efficiency values varying from 30% to 60%, depending on core geometry and ambient conditions. The chemical exergy was the dominant factor in the performance in all cases, and the membrane core had the highest exergy destruction percentage comparing to the other system components. Decreasing the pitch length of the exchanger core intensified its performance, the 5 mm case showed the best performance, but there are likely to be difficulties in manufacturing such a compact core. But, and more directly, its use would mean unpleasant compromises due to the extremely higher pressure drop across such a core even at low Reynolds numbers. The 10 mm case gave a better performance than the 25 mm, but not substantially different, therefore, the optimum choice lies between the better heat and mass transfer performance of the 10 mm case and the lower pressure drop and relative ease of manufacture of the 25 mm.
10

Camur, Yakup. "A Computational Study On Nitrotriazine Derivatives." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609362/index.pdf.

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In this study, all possible mono, di and trinitro-substituted triazine compounds as potential candidates for high energy density materials (HEDMs) have been investigated by using quantum chemical treatment. Computational chemistry is a valuable tool for estimating the potential candidates for high energy density materials. Geometric features and electronic structures of these nitro-substituted triazines have been systematically studied using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT, B3LYP) at the level of 6-31G(d,p), 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), cc-pVDZ. Detonation performances were evaluated by the Kamlet-Jacobs equations based on the calculated densities and heats of formation. It is found that 2G derivative with the predicted densities of 1.9 g/cm3, detonation velocities of 9.43 km/s, and detonation pressures of 40.68 GPa may be novel potential candidates of high energy density materials (HEDMs). Moreover, thermal stabilities were investigated by calculating bond dissociation energies (BDE) at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. Detailed molecular orbital (MO) investigation have been performed on these potential HEDMs.
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Books on the topic "Energetic study":

1

Stimpson, Catharine R. Our "wild patience": Our energetic deeds, our energizing future. Wellesley, Mass: Wellesley College, 1985.

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2

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. "Archival study of energetic processes in the upper atmosphere of the outer planets": Final technical report. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan, Dept. of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Science, Space Physics Research Laboratory, 1998.

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Redpath, William M. Trauma energetics: A study of held-energy systems. Lexington, Mass: Barberry Press, 1995.

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Smith, Mike. OCR A2 chemistry: Equilibria, energetics and elements. London: Philip Allan, 2009.

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Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. Thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere energetics and dynamics (TIMED) phase A study report. Greenbelt, Md: Goddard Space Flight Center, 1992.

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Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. Thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere energetics and dynamics (TIMED) phase A study report. Greenbelt, Md: Goddard Space Flight Center, 1992.

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Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. Thermosphere, ionosphere, mesosphere energetics and dynamics (TIMED) phase A study report. Greenbelt, Md: Goddard Space Flight Center, 1992.

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Beavon, Rod. AS chemistry, unit 2, Edexcel: Introductory organic chemistry, energetics, kinetics and equilibrium and applications. [Place of publication not identified]: Philip Allan Updates, 2003.

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Kikō, Genshiryoku Anzen Kiban. A SAS4A study on the ULOF initiating phase energetics of the fast breeder reactor (FBR). [Tokyo]: Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization, 2011.

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L, Bottino P., Ferrari F, and Rosselli Vincenzo, eds. Best, Bologna energy study: Piano operativo per lo sfruttamento della risorsa "risparmio energetico" nel comprensorio bolognese. Venezia: Marsilio, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Energetic study":

1

Reames, Donald V. "Measurements of SEPs." In Solar Energetic Particles, 151–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_7.

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AbstractThose who study solar energetic particles (SEPs) should be aware of the basic types of experiments that have contributed most of the observations studied in this book, and especially the tradeoff of their strengths and weaknesses, and how they fail. However, this is not a comprehensive review, only an introduction. We focus on dE/dx vs. E instruments that are the workhorses of SEP studies, and also study time-of-flight vs. E instruments that dominate precision measurements below 1 MeV amu−1. Single-detector instruments and high-energy techniques are discussed briefly as are supplementary data and CME lists.
2

Reames, Donald V. "Element Abundances and FIP: SEPs, Corona, and Solar Wind." In Solar Energetic Particles, 167–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_8.

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AbstractWe have used abundance measurements to identify the sources and the physical processes of acceleration and transport of SEPs. Here we study energetic particles themselves as samples of the solar corona that is their origin, distinguishing the corona from the photosphere and the SEPs from the solar wind. Theoretically, differences in the first ionization potential “FIP effect” may distinguish closed- and open-field regions at the base of the corona, which may also distinguish SEPs from the solar wind. There is not a single coronal FIP effect, but two patterns, maybe three. Are there variations? What about He?
3

Reames, Donald V. "Impulsive SEP Events (and Flares)." In Solar Energetic Particles, 71–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66402-2_4.

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Abstract3He-rich, Fe-rich, and enriched in elements with Z > 50, the abundances of solar energetic particles (SEPs) from the small impulsive SEP events stand out as luminaries in our study. The 3He is enhanced by resonant wave-particle interactions. Element abundances increase 1000-fold as the ~3.6 power of the mass-to-charge ratio A/Q from He to heavy elements like Au or Pb, enhanced during acceleration in islands of magnetic reconnection in solar jets, and probably also in flares. This power-law of enhancement vs. A/Q implies Q determined by a source temperature of 2.5–3.2 MK, typical of jets from solar active regions where these impulsive SEPs occur. However, a few small events are unusual; several have suppressed 4He, and rarely, a few very small events with steep spectra have elements N or S greatly enhanced, perhaps by the same resonant-wave mechanism that enhances 3He. Which mechanism will dominate? The impulsive SEP events we see are associated with narrow CMEs, from solar jets where magnetic reconnection on open field lines gives energetic particles and CMEs direct access to space. Gamma-ray lines tell us that the same acceleration physics may occur in flares.
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Saib, Samia, Ahmed Gherbi, and Ramazan Bayindir. "Optimization Study of Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Autonomous Site." In Artificial Intelligence in Renewable Energetic Systems, 431–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73192-6_45.

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Brill, Thomas B. "Fast Thermolysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Methods to Study Energetic Materials." In Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials, 255–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2035-4_12.

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Sharma, J., and B. C. Beard. "XPS Study of Hot Spots and Sensitization Centers in Energetic Materials." In Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials, 587–603. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2035-4_26.

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Aissat, A., H. Guesmi, and J. P. Vilcot. "Study and Simulation of a New Structures Containing GaInAsSb/GaInSb for Photovoltaic." In Artificial Intelligence in Renewable Energetic Systems, 519–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73192-6_55.

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Fliszar, S. "On the Xα Local Spin Density Approximation in the Study of Organic Molecules." In Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials, 131–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2035-4_6.

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Mostefaoui, Zineb, and Sofiane Amara. "Optimization of Irrigation with Photovoltaic System in the Agricultural Farms - Greenhouse: Case Study in Sahara (Adrar)." In Artificial Intelligence in Renewable Energetic Systems, 401–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73192-6_42.

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Haddad, Faouzi, Mustapha Hatti, R. Zaamoum, and Khadidja Rahmoun. "Photo-Thermal Study of the Optical Properties of Multi-layer Coatings Based on Black Pigmented Coatings/SiO2 Applied for Solar Absorber." In Artificial Intelligence in Renewable Energetic Systems, 133–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73192-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Energetic study":

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Carretero, L., P. Acebal, S. Blaya, A. Fimia, and R. Madrigal. "Energetic study of focused ultrashort Gaussian beams." In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, edited by Joachim Hein, Georg Korn, and Luis O. Silva. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2017268.

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Du, Yang, and Wanting Zhou. "Study of Energy Deposition of Energetic Photons in SiC." In 2015 8th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscid.2015.261.

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Cucu, Lucian, Ana-Maria Bucur, and Marilena Stoica. "Study case regarding energetic efficiency of protected historical buildings." In 2021 13th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecai52376.2021.9515088.

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Mialocq, Jean-Claude, and John C. Stephenson. "Picosecond Laser Study of the Collisionless UV Photodissociation of Energetic Materials." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.mc3.

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It is of interest to establish the pathways and mechanisms for the UV photodecomposition of nitrocompounds in order to cast new light on the physical and chemical processes occurring in the thermal decomposition of energetic materials. We report a picosecond pump-probe study of the collision-free dissociation of gaseous energetic materials after photoexcitation by picosecond laser pulses at 266 nm. Model compounds under study are nitroalkanes (RNO2) and dimethylnitramine (DMNA) in the gaseous phase.
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Robey, R. E., J. S. Pope, O. Y. Vorobiev, S. M. Torres, M. J. Hargather, J. Kimberley, and D. Mann. "Fracture Detection of Lab-Scale Energetic Stimulation." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2051.

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ABSTRACT: Stimulation of lab-scale boreholes was studied using small explosives for improving the development of fracture networks in engineered rock surrogates. The experimental series examines the confluence of initial stress states, orientation of induced discontinuities, and their interaction with source generated fracture growth. Density and stress response to the energetic was measured using high-speed schlieren imaging through the transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sample. Outer surfaces were instrumented with an acoustic emissions array to detect 3D location of fracture evolution between wellbores. Prior to testing, the experiments were simulated to predict the generation of a shock-induced fracture network between single and multiple wellbores in a variety of stress states. The quantification of wave arrivals, fracture growth, and development of the fracture network in transparent PMMA material is used as further validation against computational models. Understanding the conditions under which fractures propagate in the multivariate environment with small energetics results in improved modeling capability of larger scale wellbores and sources. The present work is part of a broader effort to improve the accuracy of computational models necessary to predict formation interconnectivity established with energetics in low permeability reservoirs typical of enhanced geothermal systems. 1. INTRODUCTION Acoustic emission (AE) sensing has become a pertinent technology to observe flaws in a variety of media. Investigators can use arrays of omni-directional probes to observe energy radiating in the form of compression waves released from fracture tips, voids or features as they are distorted under load. Patterns in radiated energy may be correlated to spatial-temporal formation of microfractures. This method has been applied to the field of geomechanics where fractures grow due to an induced stress state, or when energy is radiated from an existing feature such as a slip plane. In this study, stress was induced for the purposes of studying lab-scale stimulation of geothermal wellbores using energetic sources so that computational models could be further informed by the acoustic emissions of fractures driven by energetics.
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De Lazzari, C., B. Quatember, W. Recheis, M. Mayr, S. Demertzis, G. Allasia, A. De Rossi, R. Cavoretto, E. Venturino, and I. Genuini. "Lung assist devices influence cardio-energetic parameters: Numerical simulation study." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319398.

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Amini Manesh, Navid, Kevin R. Coffey, and Ranganathan Kumar. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Dense Layered Nano-Energetic Materials." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43670.

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This paper deals with the reaction of dense Metastable Intermolecular Composite (MIC) materials. The energy density of MIC nanocomposite materials is much higher than that of conventional energetic materials. The reaction of a multilayer thin film of aluminum and copper oxide has been studied by varying the substrate material and thicknesses, to vary the heat loss during the reaction of the MIC material. The in-plane speed of propagation of the reaction was experimentally determined using a time of-flight technique. The experiment shows that the reaction is completely quenched for a silicon substrate having an intervening silica layer of less than 200 nm. The speed of reaction seems to be constant at 40 m/s for silica layers with thickness greater than 1 μm. Different substrate material such as glass was also used. A numerical analysis of the thermal transport from the reacting film shows that the temperature profiles become self similar for substrate thicknesses larger than 1 μm., the maximum temperature stays constant for both silica and composite silica/silicon substrates, showing the effectiveness of the composite substrates to control the heat lost from the reaction, both experimentally and numerically.
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De Finis, R., D. Palumbo, and U. Galietti. "Energetic approach to study the plastic behaviour in CT specimens." In 2018 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2018.133.

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Lee, Hobin. "A Study on Closed-Bomb Method of Validating Energetic Components." In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3421.

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Robey, Richard, Joseph Pope, Oleg Vorobiev, Michael Hargather, Jamie Kimberley, M. Dunn, and Sivana Torres. "Lab Scale Study of Energetic Gas Stimulation in Engineered Materials." In Proposed for presentation at the 55TH US ROCK MECHANICS / GEOMECHANICS SYMPOSIUM held June 20-25, 2021 in Houston, Texas, United States. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1870973.

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Reports on the topic "Energetic study":

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Gildea, P. D., S. L. Brandon, and B. G. Brown. Energetic component treatability study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/568714.

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Calo, J., P. Hall, and W. Lilly. A mechanistic study of the energetic heterogeneity of coal chars. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6580985.

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N.N. Gorelenkov and R.B. White. Perturbative Study of Energetic Particle Redistribution by Alfven Eigenmodes in ITER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056356.

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E.V. Belova, N.N. Gorelenkov, C.Z. Cheng, and E.D. Fredrickson. Numerical Study of Instabilities Driven by Energetic Neutral Beam Ions in NSTX. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814697.

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Yarkony, David R. From Ignition to Photoelectron Spectroscopy Conical Intersection Impact the Study of Energetic Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566006.

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Daibog, E. I., S. W. Kahler, and V. G. Stolpovskii. Study of the Relationship Between Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Electrons in Interplanetary Space,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada319277.

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Bigl, Matthew, Samuel Beal, and Charles Ramsey. Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from Composition B mortar rounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45260.

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Empirical measurements of the spatial distribution, particle-size distribution, mass, morphology, and energetic composition of particles from low-order (LO) detonations are critical to accurately characterizing environ-mental impacts on military training ranges. This study demonstrated a method of generating and characterizing LO-detonation particles, previously applied to insensitive munitions, to 81 mm mortar rounds containing the conventional explosive formulation Composition B. The three sampled rounds had estimated detonation efficiencies ranging from 64% to 82% as measured by sampled residual energetic material. For all sampled rounds, energetic deposition rates were highest closer to the point of detonation; however, the mass per radial meter varied. The majority of particles (>60%), by mass, were <2 mm in size. However, the spatial distribution of the <2 mm particles from the point of detonation varied be-tween the three sampled rounds. In addition to the particle-size-distribution results, several method performance observations were made, including command-detonation configurations, sampling quality control, particle-shape influence on laser-diffraction particle-size analysis (LD-PSA), and energetic purity trends. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful characterization of Composition B LO-detonation particles from command detonation through combined analysis by LD-PSA and sieving.
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Bigl, Matthew, Samuel Beal, and Charles Ramsey. Determination of residual low-order detonation particle characteristics from IMX-104 mortar rounds. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42163.

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The environmental fate and transport of energetic compounds on military training ranges are largely controlled by the particle characteristics of low-order detonations. This study demonstrated a method of command detonation, field sampling, laboratory processing, and analysis techniques for characterizing low-order detonation particles from 60 mm and 81 mm mortar rounds containing the insensitive munition formulation IMX-104. Particles deposited from three rounds of each caliber were comprehensively sampled and characterized for particle size, energetic purity, and morphology. The 60 mm rounds were command-detonated low order consistently (seven low-order detonations of seven tested rounds), with con-sumption efficiencies of 62%–80% (n = 3). The 81 mm rounds detonated low order inconsistently (three low-order detonations of ten tested rounds), possibly because the rounds were sourced from manufacturing test runs. These rounds had lower consumption efficiencies of 39%–64% (n = 3). Particle-size distributions showed significant variability between munition calibers, between rounds of the same caliber, and with distance from the detonation point. The study reviewed command-detonation configurations, particle transfer losses during sampling and particle-size analysis, and variations in the energetic purity of recovered particles. Overall, this study demonstrated the successful characterization of IMX-104 low-order detonation particles from command detonation to analysis.
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Shukla, Manoj K., Luidmyla K. Sviatenko, Sergly I. Okovytyy, Danuta Leszczynska, and Jerzy Leszczynski. Catalytic Role of Solvated Electron in the Spontaneous Degradation of Insensitive Munition Compounds : Computational Chemistry Investigation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41122.

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The DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), and NQ (nitroguanidine) are important insensitive energetic materials used in military applications. They may find their way to the environment during manufacturing, transportation, storage, training, and disposal. A detailed investigation of possible mechanisms for self-degradation of radical-anions formed by addition of solvated electron to DNAN, NTO, and NQ species was performed by computational study using the PCM(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) approach. Obtained results suggest that only NQ radical-anion is able for self-degradation by elimination of nitrite anion. Formation of urea radical on the earlier stage of the NQ radical-anion degradation was also predicted.
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Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner, and Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.

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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.

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