Academic literature on the topic 'Energetic environmental assessment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Energetic environmental assessment"
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Xu, Yajing, Ying Huang, Bin Wu, Xiangping Zhang, and Suojiang Zhang. "Biogas upgrading technologies: Energetic analysis and environmental impact assessment." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, no. 1 (January 2015): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2014.09.048.
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Agostinho, Feni, and Enrique Ortega. "Energetic-environmental assessment of a scenario for Brazilian cellulosic ethanol." Journal of Cleaner Production 47 (May 2013): 474–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.025.
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Machin, Einara Blanco, Daniel Travieso Pedroso, Daviel Gómez Acosta, Maria Isabel Silva dos Santos, Felipe Solferini de Carvalho, Adrian Blanco Machín, Matías Neira Ortíz, et al. "Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Energetic Valorization." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238900.
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In 2019, Chile generated 20 million tons of waste, 79% of which was not properly disposed of, thereby providing an attractive opportunity for energy generation in advanced thermochemical conversion processes. This study presents a techno-economic and environmental assessment of the implementation of Waste-Integrated Gasifier-Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (WIG-GTCC) technology as an alternative for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment. The studied case assesses the conversion of 14.61 t·h−1 of MSW, which produces a combustible gas with a flow rate of 34.2 t·h −1 and LHV of 5900 kJ·kg−1, which, in turn, is used in a combined cycle to generate 19.58 MW of electrical power. The proposed economic assessment of the technology uses the energy generation processes as a reference, followed by a model for an overall economic evaluation. The results have shown that the profit could be up to USD 24.1 million, and the recovery of investment between 12 and 17 years would improve the environmental impacts of the current disposal technology. The WIG-GTCC has the most efficient conversion route, emitting 0.285 kg CO2 eq/kWh, which represents 48.21% of the potential yield of global warming over 100 years (GWP100) of incineration and 58.51% of the GWP100 of the standard gasification method. The WIG-GTCC would enable the energetic valorization of MSW in Chile, eliminate problems associated with landfill disposal, and increase opportunities for decentralized electricity generation.
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Ancona, Maria Alessandra, Lisa Branchini, Saverio Ottaviano, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Benedetta Ferrari, Barbara Mazzanti, Marcello Salvio, Claudia Toro, Fabrizio Martini, and Miriam Benedetti. "Energy and Environmental Assessment of Cogeneration in Ceramic Tiles Industry." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010182.
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Ceramic tile manufacturing is a highly energy-intensive process. Concerns about carbon emissions and energy costs make energy management crucial for this sector, which holds a leading role in Italian industry. The paper discusses the energetic and environmental performance of cogeneration (CHP) in the ceramic industry, where prime mover exhaust heat is supplied to a spray-dryer system, contributing to the satisfaction of the thermal demand and decreasing natural gas consumption. A thermodynamic model of a dryer unit, validated against real data, has been set-up to provide a detailed representation of the thermal fluxes involved in the process. Then, the thermal integration with two types of CHP prime movers of similar electric size (4 MW) is investigated. Energetic results show that the gas turbine can contribute up to 81% of dryer thermal consumption, whilst internal combustion engine contribution is limited to 26%. A methodology was ad-hoc defined for the environmental assessment of CHP, accounting for global (CO2) and local (CO and NOX) emissions. Results confirm that CHP units guarantee reduction of CO2 and NOx compared to separate generation, with maximum values equal to 81 g/kWhth and 173 mg/kWhth, respectively; CO emission is decreased only in the case of gas turbine operation, with savings equal to 185 mg/kWhth.
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Gonzalez-Carrillo, Alejandro, Raziel Ruiz-Cabrera, Quetzalcoatl Cruz Hernandez-Escobedo, Aranzazú Fernández-García, and Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro. "Wave energy resource assessment at southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico." DYNA 82, no. 193 (October 20, 2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n193.45530.
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Find alternative energy sources is one of the challenges that came with XXI century and this paper makes an analysis about wave energy, which presents several advantages over fossil based energy and even other renewable energy sources. Among them are its low environmental impact and its high energy density. Wave energy is beginning to be considered as an important and promising renewable resource in many countries. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the wave energy potential at the southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico; the sea states were observed and was obtained that the available mean wave power is 55.91 W/m. In addition, this paper shows that, in the study site, the most energetic season is fall and the less energetic season is spring. This differs from the global trend, were the most energetic season is winter, and the less energetic season is spring.
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Ferreira, José V., and Idalina Domingos. "Assessment of Portuguese thermal building legislation in an energetic and environmental perspective." Energy and Buildings 43, no. 12 (December 2011): 3729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.007.
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Rivoire, Matteo, Alessandro Casasso, Bruno Piga, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Assessment of Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps." Energies 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081941.
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Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) have a great potential for reducing the cost and climate change impact of building heating, cooling, and domestic hot water (DHW). The high installation cost is a major barrier to their diffusion but, under certain conditions (climate, building use, alternative fuels, etc.), the investment can be profitable in the long term. We present a comprehensive modeling study on GCHPs, performed with the dynamic energy simulation software TRNSYS, reproducing the operating conditions of three building types (residential, office, and hotel), with two insulation levels of the building envelope (poor/good), with the climate conditions of six European cities. Simulation results highlight the driving variables for heating/cooling peak loads and yearly demand, which are the input to assess economic performance and environmental benefits of GCHPs. We found that, in Italy, GCHPs are able to reduce CO2 emissions up to 216 g CO2/year per euro spent. However, payback times are still quite high, i.e., from 8 to 20 years. This performance can be improved by changing taxation on gas and electricity and using hybrid systems, adding a fossil-fuel boiler to cover peak heating loads, thus reducing the overall installation cost compared to full-load sized GCHP systems.
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Stan, Constantin, Cosmin Marculescu, and Adrian Badea. "ENERGETIC POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF POULTRY WASTE PROCESSING INDUSTRY." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 9 (2012): 1567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.196.
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Batlle, Eric Alberto Ocampo, Alisson Aparecido Vitoriano Julio, York Castillo Santiago, José Carlos Escobar Palácio, Edson Da Costa Bortoni, Luiz Augusto Horta Nogueira, Marcos Vinicius Xavier Dias, and Aldemar Martínez González. "Brazilian integrated oilpalm-sugarcane biorefinery: An energetic, exergetic, economic, and environmental (4E) assessment." Energy Conversion and Management 268 (September 2022): 116066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116066.
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Chen, Jialing, Xian Li, Yanjun Dai, and Chi-Hwa Wang. "Energetic, economic, and environmental assessment of a Stirling engine based gasification CCHP system." Applied Energy 281 (January 2021): 116067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116067.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Energetic environmental assessment"
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Martins, Thatyana Santiago. "Avaliação do desempenho ambiental e energético da fase agrícola da produção de cachos frescos de dendê no estado do Pará." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/393.
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Com o salto no desenvolvimento advindo das Revoluções industriais do século passado, a necessidade de fontes energéticas que atendessem a esse desenvolvimento aumentou vertiginosamente; e os recursos de origens não-renováveis atenderam a essa indigência. Porém, com as crises do petróleo no final da década de 80, os governos perceberam a necessidade de diversificação de suas matrizes energéticas. No Brasil, o primeiro programa de produção de biocombustível tendo a biomassa como matéria-prima surgiu após a crise, mas com a recuperação do mercado petrolífero, o programa não se fortaleceu. No final do século passado, o impacto ambiental da exploração dos combustíveis de origem fóssil se tornou mais evidente; logo, acordos entre países foram firmados com a finalidade de reduzir as emissões de GEE. No ano de 2003, através de um decreto, foi criado o Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel (PNPB), e em 2005 a Lei nº 11.097 tornou obrigatória a adição de biocombustível no diesel. Com o aumento da demanda de matéria-prima para a produção de biocombustíveis, as pesquisas com a finalidade de avaliar o ciclo de vida da produção da matéria-prima foram impulsionadas. Diante desse panorama, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho ambiental e energético da produção de cachos frescos de dendê no Estado do Pará, em relação aos plantios a Malásia, maior produtora mundial de dendê. A metodologia utilizada foi a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, normatizada pelas ISO da série 14 000. A etapa mais impactante da produção foi o preparo da área. Nas categorias de impacto, mudanças climáticas, eutrofização e acidificação, o plantio brasileiro foi menos impactante. Para o balanço energético, o Estado do Pará produziu 5 unidades de energia a menos que a Malásia, mas ainda assim, comparando a espécie com outras já utilizadas como matéria-prima para os biocombustíveis, é econômica e ambientalmente viável a produção de biodiesel à base de óleo de dendê.With the leap in development arising from the industrial revolutions of the past century, the need for energy sources that met this development has increased dramatically; and the non-renewable source of resources responded to this indigence. However, with the oil crisis in the late 80s, governments realized the need for diversifying their energy matrix. In Brazil, the first biofuel production program of biomass as raw material emerged after the crisis, but with the recovery of the oil market the program was not strengthened. At the end of the last century, the environmental impact of the exploitation of fossil fuels became more evident; therefore, agreements between countries were signed in order to reduce GHG emissions. In 2003, through a decree, the National Program for Biodiesel Production, PNPB was created, and in 2005, Law n.° 11.097 made the addition of biofuel in diesel a mandatory thing. With the increasing demand of raw material for biofuel production, researches in order to assess the life cycle of production of the raw material were driven. Before this background, the aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental performance and energy production of fresh palm bunches in the state of Pará, referring to plantations in Malaysia, world's largest producer of palm oil. The methodology used was the Life Cycle Assessment, standardized by the ISO series 14 000. The most striking stage of production was the preparation of the area. In the categories of impact, climate change, eutrophication and acidification, brazilian plantation was less impressive. For energy balance, the state of Pará produced 5 power units less than Malaysia, yet still comparing the species with others already used as a feedstock for biofuels, the production of palm oil based on biodiesel is economically and environmentally feasible.
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Allegra, Sebastiana Tatiana. "Analisi energetica per la riqualificazione territoriale." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/929.
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La questione dell'inarrestabile incremento dell entropia totale, enunciato dal secondo principio della termodinamica, e del depauperamento delle fonti non rinnovabili di energia, ineluttabile conseguenza di ogni processo di trasformazione urbana, nonché di qualsiasi attività economica, è un tema di acceso dibattito sin dalla crisi energetica degli anni Settanta. Essa ha posto in evidenza la necessità di ricorrere a strumenti valutativi in grado di interpretare esaustivamente le istanze ambientali ed ecologiche basati sul calcolo energetico prima che monetario. Già dalla fine degli anni Sessanta si sviluppano delle metodologie basate sul computo energetico dalle quali, a partire dagli anni Ottanta, scaturisce l Analisi EMergetica, per iniziativa dell ecologo Howard T. Odum. Essa quantifica le risorse naturali rinnovabili e non, che sono consumate per realizzare merci e servizi, adottando un unica, comprensibile unità di misura: l energia solare, primigenia generatrice di ogni attività ecosistemica, impiegata, in modo diretto e indiretto, per creare tali risorse. Con questo lavoro mi propongo, pertanto, di esaminare gli aspetti squisitamente teorici e pratici di questa tecnica e di prevederne eventuali innovazioni applicative per rispondere a quesiti di studio inerenti la teoria del valore e delle valutazioni ai fini della sostenibilità delle città. L Analisi EMergetica della provincia di Catania, suddivisa nelle sue tre aree (pedemontana, metropolitana e calatina, con riferimento ad un determinato periodo di tempo, anno 2006) rappresenta il primo caso-studio. Dai valori registrati dagli indicatori è stato possibile trarre informazioni sui livelli di carico ambientale nei tre sub-sistemi della provincia. Ulteriori osservazioni sono seguite dalla comparazione con gli esiti delle ricerche svolte da altri autori su altre realtà italiane. Tra le misure da introdurre per contenere il dispendio eMergetico nella provincia catanese viene proposto il risanamento e la densificazione dei quartieri degradati della città consolidata, in special modo nell ambito dell area metropolitana, in contrapposizione all ulteriore ampliamento del perimetro urbano catanese e dei comuni contermini, per ridurre la sottrazione di suolo agricolo e naturale alla campagna limitrofa e l uso di materiali da costruzione. Da ciò è scaturito il secondo caso-studio della tesi mirato a formulare il giudizio di convenienza eMergetica tra due significative tipologie insediative dell area metropolitana catanese: il piano di Zona per l edilizia economico-popolare di Librino e la riqualificazione della parte sud del rione storico di San Cristoforo Sud. Giacché dalla consultazione della bibliografia esistente non sono rinvenuti esempi significativi di contabilità eMergetica a livello di pianificazione urbanistica e territoriale, ad eccezione di alcuni saggi sulla crescita dirompente di Taiwan e della sua capitale Taipei (Huang et. al.), ho allestito un apposita metodologia di calcolo e ne ho presentato le fasi costitutive. Gli esiti dell indagine sono stati dettagliatamente commentati, deducendo le proprietà invarianti negli interventi analoghi di riqualificazione e/o espansione urbana.
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Carreras, Ubach Joan. "Mathematical programming for energetic, economic and environmental optimization of building design." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396315.
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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesis és desenvolupar eines sistemàtiques de suport per la presa de decisions basades en mètodes matemàtics pel disseny òptim d’edificis amb mínim cost i mínim impacte ambiental. Avui en dia la societat és cada vegada més conscient de la importància que té respectar el medi ambient. Com a resultat, les autoritats i moltes empreses i consumidors estan interessats en productes econòmicament eficients però també respectuosos amb el medi ambient. En aquest context l’eficiència energètica hi juga un paper molt important. L’aïllament d’edificis és particularment interessant, ja que fa disminuir el consum d’energia i, conseqüentment, permet reduir també l’impacte ambiental. El problema general que pretenem solucionar en aquesta tesis és el disseny d’edificis ambientalment respectuosos amb el mínim cost econòmic, centrant-nos en l’optimització de l’aïllament tèrmic exterior. Per tal de demostrar les possibilitats de les nostres eines, considerem un cas d’estudi: Una casa tipus cubicle localitzada a la regió de Lleida. No obstant les nostres metodologies són suficientment generals per treballar amb diferents models d’edifici, variables de decisió i funcions objectiu. Els nostres mètodes s’han desenvolupat amb la intenció d’ajudar als agents involucrats en el disseny d’edificis.El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar herramientas sistemáticas de soporte para la toma de decisiones basadas en métodos matemáticos para el diseño óptimo de edificios con mínimo coste y mínimo impacto ambiental. Hoy en día la sociedad es cada vez más consciente de la importancia que tiene respetar el medio ambiente. Como resultado, las autoridades y muchas empresas y consumidores están interesados en productos económicamente eficientes pero también respetuosos con el medio ambiente. En este contexto la eficiencia energética juega un papel muy importante. El aislamiento de edificios es particularmente interesante, ya que hace disminuir el consumo de energía y, consecuentemente, permite reducir también el impacto ambiental. El problema general que pretendemos solucionar en esta tesis es el diseño de edificios ambientalmente respetuosos con el mínimo coste económico, centrándonos en la optimización del aislamiento térmico exterior. Para demostrar las posibilidades de nuestras herramientas, consideramos un caso de estudio: Una casa tipo cubículo localizada en la región de Lleida. No obstatnte nuestras metodologías son suficientemente generales para trabajar con diferentes modelos de edificio, variables de decisión y funciones objetivo. Nuestros métodos se han desarrollado con la intención de ayudar a los agentes involucrados en el diseño de edificios.
The goal of this thesis is to provide systematic mathematical decision-support tools for the design of optimal buildings with minimum cost and minimum environmental impact. Nowadays the society is becoming more aware of the importance of being environmentally conscious. As a result, the authorities and many companies and consumers seek for products that are cost efficient but also environmentally friendly. Here energy efficiency plays an important role. Building insulation is particularly appealing, since it decreases the energy demand, thereby leading to significant environmental savings. The general problem we aim to solve in this thesis is the design of environmentally friendly buildings with the lowest possible cost focusing on the optimization of the external thermal insulation. To illustrate the capabilities of our approaches, we consider a case study: A house-like cubicle located in the Lleida region. However our methodology is general enough to work with different building models, decision variables and objective functions. Our methods are intended to assist decision-makers in the design of buildings.
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Ryšavá, Veronika. "Energeticky uvědomělá optimalizace budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409874.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to design austerity measures of an apartment building in the form of an energy card. The theoretical part deals with heat pumps. The computational part solves the evaluation of the current state of the building, the proposal of two variants, the assessment in terms of energy and economic and recommendations of the selected variant. There is also an experimental measurement specializing in thermovision imaging. The project contains energy certificates of individual states of the solved object.
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Boughanmi, Walid. "Eco-conception des motorisations électriques : Application à la machine asynchrone." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0207/document.
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Environ 300 millions de moteurs électriques, de puissance moyenne comprise entre 0,75 kW et 300 kW, sont utilisés dans l’industrie, l’infrastructure et les grands bâtiments. En plus, 30 millions sont renouvelés chaque année. En France, l’énergie électrique consommée par ces moteurs représente environ deux-tiers l’énergie électrique consommée dans l’industrie. Une amélioration, même faible, des performances environnementales de chaque unité apporte donc des gains environnementaux conséquents. La démarche d’éco-conception d’une machine électrique permet d’introduire, contrairement aux autres démarches classiques, les aspects environnementaux lors de la conception de la machine en tenant compte de toutes les phases du cycle de vie, depuis l’extraction des matières premières nécessaires à la fabrication des pièces de la machine jusqu’à son démantèlement et son recyclage. Cette démarche permet de concevoir une machine électrique avec un meilleur écobilan global. Dans ce travail, un outil performant destiné à l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV), prenant en compte plusieurs critères d’impacts afin d’éviter le transfert de pollution d’un critère à l’autre, a été utilisé pour améliorer significativement les performances éco-énergétiques des moteurs électriques. Un premier prototype de moteur « vert » réalisé avec de nouveaux concepts a été fabriqué et comparé à une machine de référence. Sa réalisation a été dictée par le souci de réduire au maximum son empreinte environnementale en utilisant des matériaux plus respectueux de l’environnement, mais aussi en augmentant son efficacité énergétique. Le prototype est ainsi fabriqué à base de tôle à grains orientés, de fil émaillé UV sans solvant, de plastique d’origine végétale et de roulements éco-énergétiques. Ce moteur prototype possède une haute éco-efficacité énergétique puisque son rendement est augmenté de l’ordre de trois points par rapport au moteur standard, sans augmenter sa masse, de plus il comporte un système d’isolation qui n’utilise pas de solvant et des plastiques biosourcésApproximately 300 million of electric motors, with average power range from 0.75 kW to 300 kW, are used in industry, infrastructure and large buildings. In addition, 30 millions are renewed each year. In France, the electrical power consumed by these motors is about two-third of the electrical energy consumed in the industry. Thus, an improvement, even small, of the environmental performance of each motor would provide substantial environmental benefits. Contrary to the conventional approaches, the eco-design of an electrical machine can introduce environmental aspects during the design of the machine, taking into account all phases of the life cycle from the extraction of raw materials to the decommissioning and the recycling. This approach has been applied in this study to design an electrical motor, which has a better global energetic eco-balance. Therefore, a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) tool is used; it takes into account several impact criteria to avoid pollution transfers from one criterion to another. A first "Green" prototype motor made with a high energetic eco-efficiency was fabricated and tested. The study was dictated by the need to minimize its global environmental impact by using materials more environmentally friendly, but also in order to increase its energy efficiency. The prototype is made with a grain oriented steel sheets, an enameled wire polymerized by UV and without solvents, some plastic based on biopolymers and with eco-energetic bearings. The eco-designed motor has a high energetic eco-efficiency; its performance is increased by about 3 % compared to the standard motor and without increasing its mass
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Seye, Omar. "Analise de ciclo de vida aplicada ao processo produtivo de ceramica estrutural tendo como insumo energetico capim elefante (Pennisetum Purpureum Schaum)." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263355.
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Orientador: Luis Augusto Barbosa CortezTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T11:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seye_Omar_D.pdf: 2598497 bytes, checksum: dc3974d53b7e7a06fb1f41fc7a4227bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Resumo: Para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável a energia tem um papel chave, sendo responsável por boa parte da poluição em todas as atividades humanas. O uso de energias renováveis é altamente desejável quando se quer reduzir ou eliminar essa poluição sem perder a oportunidade de desenvolvimento de uma atividade produtiva qualquer. No presente trabalho delimitou-se a atividade alvo como sendo o processo produtivo de cerâmica estrutural conhecida como cerâmica vermelha. A indústria de cerâmica vermelha, em seus aspectos atuais, está associada à idéia de degradação ambiental. Esta decorrente de impactos observados durante o seu processo produtivo, pois, os seus produtos dão-se com o uso de recursos naturais a argila â?¿ principal matéria-prima â?¿ e a lenha â?¿ principal insumo energético. Do ponto de visto econÃ'mico o insumo energético representa cerca de 35% do total dos gastos mensais para a produção dos produtos cerâmicos. Estudou-se a alternativa de utilizar o Capim Elefante como insumo energético para atender as condições de sustentabilidade econÃ'mica e ambiental. A utilização do Capim Elefante em indústria de cerâmica vermelha tem caracterÃsticas e dificuldades peculiares que foram analisadas com cuidados para oferecer a melhor alternativa do ponto de vista técnico, econÃ'mico e ambiental. O Capim Elefante tem sido identificado como uma espécie altamente eficiente para converter a energia solar incidente em energia quÃmica estocada nas plantas (ciclo fotossintético C4), resultando num potencial para produção de matéria seca. Sendo assim, visando proporcionar uma análise comparativa das diferentes etapas do processo produtivo de cerâmica estrutural, mas, que tenha como insumo energético o Capim Elefante, a metodologia de análise de ciclo de vida tem sido utilizada. O insumo energético avaliado possui um considerável potencial energético e pode ser produzido de forma sustentável. Com a análise de impactos, verificou-se que os poluentes gerados nas diferentes etapas do processo produtivo estão ligados, principalmente, a seis impactos ambientais, sendo eles a chuva ácida (kg SO2 eq.kg), toxidade humana (kg 1-4 DCB eq./kg), ozÃ'nio a baixa altitude (kg CFC â?¿ 11 eq./kg), eutroficação (kg PO43 eq /kg), aquecimento global (kg CO2 eq/ kg) e consumo de energia (GJ)
Abstract: In order to meet the sustainable development, energy plays a significant role. The majority of pollution in human activities is related to it. Renewable energies useâ?¿s desired to reduce or even eliminate the pollution without limiting the development of any industrial/business opportunity. In the present work the activity objective was defined as being the productive process of structural ceramic known as red ceramic. The industry of red ceramic, in its current aspects, it is associated to the idea of environmental degradation. This due to impacts observed during its productive process, because, its products are given with the use of natural resources the clay -main raw material -and the firewood -main energy input. Of the economic aspect the energy input represents about 35% of the total of the monthly expenses for the production of the ceramic products. It was studied the alternative of using the elephant grass as energy input to assist the conditions of economic and environmental sustainable. The use of the elephant grass in industry of red ceramic has characteristics and peculiar difficulties that were analyzed with cares to offer the best alternative of the technical, economic and environmental aspect. The elephant grass has been identified highly as a species efficient to convert the incident solar energy in chemical energy keeping in the plants (cycle photosynthesis C4), resulting in a potential for production of dry matter. Being like this, seeking to provide a comparative analysis of the different stages of the productive process of structural ceramic, but, that he/she has as energy input the elephant grass, the methodology of life cycle assessment has been used. The appraised energy input possesses a considerable energy potential and it can be produced in a maintainable way. With the analysis of impacts, it was verified that the pollution generated in the different stages of the productive process is tied up, mainly, to six environmental impacts, being them the acid rain (kg SO2 eq.kg), human toxic (kg 1-4 DCB eq. /kg), ozone the low altitude (kg CFC -11 eq. /kg), eutrofication (kg PO43 eq /kg), global heating (kg CO2 eq / kg) and consumption of energy (GJ)
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
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SERRA, PAOLO. "Analisi del rischio ed impatto ambientale della produzione di energia elettrica utilizzando sorgo da biomassa." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10808.
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Questa tesi di dottorato analizza l’utilizzo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) al fine di produrre energia elettrica, tramite combustione diretta della biomassa. Il focus della tesi è stato quello di sottolineare i benefici ed i rischi associati all’uso di tre genotipi di sorgo caratterizzati da diversa lunghezza del ciclo culturale (precoce, medio-tardivo e tardivo).
La dinamica e la durata del processo di essicazione in campo sono state simulate attraverso un modello ad hoc (“sorghum haying model”), il quale integrato a CropSyst, è stato utilizzato per realizzare un’analisi del rischio produttivo stimando le perdite di biomassa (respirazione e meccanizzazione), ed i mancati affienamenti. Nell’analisi del rischio vengono stimati il numero di ettari necessari e la probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1 necessari per l’alimentazione di una centrale nell’Oltrepò pavese .
Inoltre uno studio di Life Cycle Assessment è stato condotto per la valutazione dell’impatto ambientale dell’utilizzo del sorgo integrato a quello della paglia per il completamento del fabbisogno totale della centrale 94.000 ton ss anno-1. Particolare attenzione inoltre è stata data alla variazione del contenuto di C organico del suolo dovuto alla rimozione della paglia ed all’interramento dei mancati affienamenti di sorgo. Il genotipo precoce mostra le migliori performance produttive ed energetiche oltre che la più alta probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1. Lo studio di LCA non ha mostrato differenze significative tra i genotipi anche se il minor impatto ambientale, è stato evidenziato dal genotipo tardivo conseguenza dell’interramento della più alta quantità di mancati affienamenti.This PhD thesis explores the use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) as a dedicated bio-energy crop and highlights the benefits and risks associated with the use of early, medium-late and late sorghum genotypes to generate electricity by direct combustion in a biomass power plant. The dynamics and duration of the field drying process were simulated through the development of a specific model ("sorghum haying model"), which integrated with CropSyst, was used to perform a production risk assessment analysis estimating the biomass losses (respiration and mechanical), the haymaking failures and consequently to quantify the amount of dry baled biomass available for the power plant. In addition, the number of hectares needed to plant sorghum and the probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1, necessary to feed a biomass power plant in Oltrepò Pavese, were estimated. A complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the three sorghum genotypes involved in this study. The LCA study takes into consideration the use of winter wheat straw as an additional biomass source to satisfy the total biomass power plant needs (94000 Mg DM y-1). Particular attention was given to the soil organic C change (ΔSOC) due to straw removal and haymaking failures soil incorporation. Early genotype showed the best biomass production and energy performance as well as the highest probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1. The LCA results did not show significant differences between genotypes although the lower environmental impact, has been achieved by the late genotype due to the highest amount of haymaking failures incorporated in the soil.
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SERRA, PAOLO. "Analisi del rischio ed impatto ambientale della produzione di energia elettrica utilizzando sorgo da biomassa." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10808.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi di dottorato analizza l’utilizzo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) al fine di produrre energia elettrica, tramite combustione diretta della biomassa. Il focus della tesi è stato quello di sottolineare i benefici ed i rischi associati all’uso di tre genotipi di sorgo caratterizzati da diversa lunghezza del ciclo culturale (precoce, medio-tardivo e tardivo).
La dinamica e la durata del processo di essicazione in campo sono state simulate attraverso un modello ad hoc (“sorghum haying model”), il quale integrato a CropSyst, è stato utilizzato per realizzare un’analisi del rischio produttivo stimando le perdite di biomassa (respirazione e meccanizzazione), ed i mancati affienamenti. Nell’analisi del rischio vengono stimati il numero di ettari necessari e la probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1 necessari per l’alimentazione di una centrale nell’Oltrepò pavese .
Inoltre uno studio di Life Cycle Assessment è stato condotto per la valutazione dell’impatto ambientale dell’utilizzo del sorgo integrato a quello della paglia per il completamento del fabbisogno totale della centrale 94.000 ton ss anno-1. Particolare attenzione inoltre è stata data alla variazione del contenuto di C organico del suolo dovuto alla rimozione della paglia ed all’interramento dei mancati affienamenti di sorgo. Il genotipo precoce mostra le migliori performance produttive ed energetiche oltre che la più alta probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1. Lo studio di LCA non ha mostrato differenze significative tra i genotipi anche se il minor impatto ambientale, è stato evidenziato dal genotipo tardivo conseguenza dell’interramento della più alta quantità di mancati affienamenti.This PhD thesis explores the use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) as a dedicated bio-energy crop and highlights the benefits and risks associated with the use of early, medium-late and late sorghum genotypes to generate electricity by direct combustion in a biomass power plant. The dynamics and duration of the field drying process were simulated through the development of a specific model ("sorghum haying model"), which integrated with CropSyst, was used to perform a production risk assessment analysis estimating the biomass losses (respiration and mechanical), the haymaking failures and consequently to quantify the amount of dry baled biomass available for the power plant. In addition, the number of hectares needed to plant sorghum and the probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1, necessary to feed a biomass power plant in Oltrepò Pavese, were estimated. A complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the three sorghum genotypes involved in this study. The LCA study takes into consideration the use of winter wheat straw as an additional biomass source to satisfy the total biomass power plant needs (94000 Mg DM y-1). Particular attention was given to the soil organic C change (ΔSOC) due to straw removal and haymaking failures soil incorporation. Early genotype showed the best biomass production and energy performance as well as the highest probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1. The LCA results did not show significant differences between genotypes although the lower environmental impact, has been achieved by the late genotype due to the highest amount of haymaking failures incorporated in the soil.
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Zaťko, Ondřej. "Příprava realizace kaskádových domů, Olomouc - Hejčín." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227258.
Full textAbstract:
The content of this thesis is the construction of new technological project of apartment buildings A and B in Olomouc. Residential buildings A and B are identical, but are differently oriented to the cardinal points. Buildings are designed terraces. Buildings have a 4th floor 1PP. The supporting structure is made of monolithic reinforced concrete columns and ceilings. Infill walls are composed of ceramic blocks. In the 1st floor are located garage, the other floors are designed as residential.
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COLUCCI, VITANTONIO, GIAMPAOLO MANFRIDA, and DANIELE FIASCHI. "A systematic study of thermodynamic energetic and environmental aspects of harnessing geothermal power plants." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1257786.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last years, the growing energy demand worldwide and the development of stringent international, national and regional regulations on polluting emissions have favoured the development of innovative energy systems in the field of renewable energy. In this context, geothermal energy, which boasts for a hundred years of exploitation systems of heat and hot water of the Earth, has returned to interest most of the nations for the optimization and efficiency of geothermal systems for the production of electricity and heat for a large part of the world population. The Tuscany region boasts its primacy in using geothermal energy thanks to the first high enthalpy exploitation experiment in Larderello in 1904, and in 1913 the first plant for the production of electricity from 250 kW up to the current value of 810 MW was built of installed power. Geothermal energy, having a simple operation, uses steam or biphasic fluids to represent the raw material to power the turbine. According to the geothermal fluid, there are three main types of geothermal power plants:
a. dry steam, the simplest technology that extracts steam from fractures in the ground and uses it directly to drive a turbine;
b. flash, a transformation of boiling and high-pressure water into steam which is expanded in a turbine
c. binary, water or steam are run alongside a second fluid with a lower boiling point than water; production of vapour and introduction into the turbine.
The whole process defines alternative and clean geothermal energy. "Clean" because it produces low emissions compared to the combustion processes of fossil fuel plants that emit CO2 and fine dust while alternative because through other renewable sources (wind and solar in particular) they contribute to the production of electricity at "zero km", exploiting natural and renewable resources even in the most inaccessible places in the region.
But at the same time, some disadvantages can be solved thanks to scientific research. They are the presence of unwanted species in geothermal fluids with particular attention to carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and methane (CH4) and rarely the presence of heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb).
They are present at the moment of extraction from the geothermal reservoir and, in the absence of efficient abatement methods, throughout the process up to the cooling towers and the consequent reinjection wells.
The present study analyses and compares thermodynamic models (TM) on geothermal fluids containing unwanted species and salts. The work starts with the campaign to collect experimental data in the various sectors of applied thermodynamics. Thanks to the French research centre's contribution, IFP energies nouvelles (IFPEN), the most influential binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures that influence geothermal plants' processes, have been selected. Furthermore, more than a thousand experimental data were collected and subsequently selected thanks to the databases present in IFPEN and the scientific publications from 1918 to 2020.
The experimental data, filtered, verified in their congruity, and grouped by temperature, pressure and molality of the NaCl salt were the source of comparison with the results of the TM defined for a geothermal process.
Considering the variable composition of geothermal mixtures and the IFPEN team's experience, it was discussed which TM can obtain the best results of solubility and enthalpy, applicable in a subsequent work also for the transport properties (density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficient ). Furthermore, the work aims to indicate which TM is the most appropriate in process simulation. The best choice of a TM depends on the percentage of the non-condensable gas components inside the geothermal fluid and dissolved salts. The performance of the TM depends not only on the kinds of reservoirs present in the world (Chapter 2) but also on the pressure and temperature conditions. Starting from the developed TM, their performances (Chapter 4) and the corresponding analysis (Chapter 5), the suggested TM for process simulation, for fluids without salts, are Sour Peng- Robinson (SPR) and OLI AQ for geothermal mixtures containing CO2 and H2S as the main components, while OLI MSE for geothermal mixtures containing CH4, CO2 and H2S as main components. The presence of salt affects the choice of the TM. For this reason, the best TM is represented by OLI MSE SRK. From all the tested TM studied in this work, the modified version of the Duan-Sun model provides good agreement with literature data and, therefore, can be integrated into commercial process software like Unisim Design.
In a second step, three different geothermal plants were identified and analyzed:
a. Castelnuovo (Tuscany Region, Italy): an ORC-based geothermal power generation (5 MWe) with CO2 reinjection prototype;
b. Hellisheidi (Iceland): double flash combined heat and power plant (303.3 MWe and 133 MWt);
c. Chiusdino (Tuscany Region, Italy): a standard power plant with a nominal capacity of 20 MWe connected to a district heating network, with a planned capacity of 7 MWth.
A thermodynamic package appropriate to the species present in the geothermal fluid was chosen for each geothermal plant. For some case studies, the following were applied:
▪ An economic evaluation of the main constituent components of the geothermal plant;
▪ An environmental feasibility analysis - Life cycle Assessment (LCA), particularly for two case studies on the Icelandic Hellisheidi geothermal plant.
The models and the data obtained by simulations made it possible to identify geothermal plants' methods. As a result, the choice of a thermodynamic model and the validation of the numerical results, which was among the main objectives of this work, can be reliably used for the accurate and optimized Geothermal power plants' design (GTPPs).
Therefore, this study showed that selecting a thermodynamic model for the GTTP process simulation defines the best way to optimize the process for energetic and environmental performances.
Books on the topic "Energetic environmental assessment"
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Ismailov, Nariman. Scientific basis of environmental biotechnology practical. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048434.
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The monograph is devoted to modern biotechnology, which allows to solve urgent environmental problems in all areas of modern society. Described the current use of biotechnological methods for environmental protection. The common assessment of the environment, the analysis bioaccumulating capacity of the biosphere, presented information on bio-ecological potential of human society. Considers the issues of technological bio-energetics, obtaining biodegradable materials, different fields of organic waste, bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, solid waste processing, utilization of oil sludge and drill cuttings, cleaning of soil and groundwater from contamination, the use of biotechnology in the oil industry and others Described the modern problems of organic agriculture and the progress in this area. Discussed microbiological, biochemical and technological fundamentals of these processes. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. Discusses the modern view of ecological culture and ecological civilization in the framework of the problems under consideration.
Designed for teachers, students, engineers, ecologists, agricultural workers, civil servants, decision-makers, engaged in the manufacture engaged in the development of programs for socio-ecological sustainable development.
Book chapters on the topic "Energetic environmental assessment"
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Ferreira, Carlos, Fausto Freire, and José Ribeiro. "Environmental Assessment of Military Systems with the Life-Cycle Assessment Methodology." In Energetic Materials and Munitions, 169–97. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527816651.ch7.
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Thiboutot, Sonia, and Sylvie Brochu. "Assessment and Sustainment of the Environmental Health of Military Live-fire Training Ranges." In Energetic Materials and Munitions, 47–74. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527816651.ch3.
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Muñuzuri, Jesús, Rafael Grosso, Pablo Cortés, and José Guadix. "Energetic Assessment of the Broiler Poultry Supply Chain." In Environmental Issues in Supply Chain Management, 197–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23562-7_11.
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Yuksel, Yunus Emre, and Murat Ozturk. "Energetic, Exergetic, and Environmental Assessments of a Biomass Gasifier-Based Hydrogen Production and Liquefaction System." In Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions, 431–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_23.
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Ziya, Sogut M., and Ozkaynak Süleyman. "Energetic and Exergetic Performance Assessment of a Marine Engine with Measurement of CO2 Emission." In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 1, 1435–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62572-0_91.
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Karakoyun, Yakup, Zehra Yumurtacı, and Aydın H. Dönmez. "Environmental Flow Assessment Methods: A Case Study." In Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 1061–74. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813734-5.00060-3.
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Singh, Vishavdeep, Ibrahim Dincer, and Marc A. Rosen. "Life Cycle Assessment of Ammonia Production Methods." In Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 935–59. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813734-5.00053-6.
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Sevinchan, Eren, and Ibrahim Dincer. "Comparative Assessment of Three Integrated Trigeneration Systems for Dairy Farms." In Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 233–52. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813734-5.00014-7.
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Yuksel, Yunus E., and Murat Ozturk. "Thermodynamic Assessment of an Integrated Solar Collector System for Multigeneration Purposes." In Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 363–81. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813734-5.00021-4.
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Yilmaz, Fatih, and Reşat Selbaş. "Performance Assessment of Various Greenhouse Heating Systems; A Case Study in Antalya." In Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, 421–33. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813734-5.00024-x.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Energetic environmental assessment"
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De Servi, Carlo, Lucia Rigamonti, and Stefano Consonni. "Energetic and Environmental Analysis of a New Cogenerative Configuration for the Waste to Energy Plant of Piacenza." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5458.
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This study aims at estimating the energy and environmental performances of a new cogenerative configuration of the waste to energy (WTE) plant in Piacenza. At present, the plant is authorized to treat 120,000 t/y of waste, but this limit does not represent the full treatment capacity of the facility. To exploit the plant potential and, at the same time, to reduce total equivalent emissions of the WTE process, a cogenerative configuration has been proposed. In this new scenario a back pressure turbine would be installed in parallel to the existing one, in order to supply heat to the district heating network of Piacenza and the total amount of waste treated per year by the facility would be increased to 134,100 t. The increase of 14,100 t should be satisfied by industrial and commercial waste, which would otherwise go to landfill. To compare the cogenerative scenario with the current situation, the environmental impact for the two cases has been evaluated by means of a life cycle assessment methodology. The results of the analysis show that the new configuration can ensure significant energy and environmental benefits.
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Yang, Zhaoqing, and Taiping Wang. "Numerical Models as Enabling Tools for Tidal-Stream Energy Extraction and Environmental Impact Assessment." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54223.
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This paper presents a modeling study conducted to evaluate tidal-stream energy extraction and its associated potential environmental impacts using a three-dimensional unstructured-grid coastal ocean model, which was coupled with a water-quality model and a tidal-turbine module. The unstructured-grid tidal-turbine model was first applied to investigate the effects of different tidal farm configurations on tidal energy extraction and the effects on the system flow field as well as biogeochemical transport processes in an idealized bay with a narrow channel connecting to the coastal ocean. Model results indicated that a large number of turbines are required to extract the maximum tidal energy and cause significant reduction in the volume flux. Model results also showed that tidal energy extraction has a greater effect on flushing time than on volume flux reduction. In the idealized tidal channel, a 10% reduction of volume flux caused by tidal energy extraction would result in an approximately 50% increase in flushing time in the bay. The flushing time increases exponentially as a function of flow reduction. A water-quality model simulation was conducted to investigate the dynamic effect of tidal energy extraction on water quality in a stratified tidal channel and estuary system. Model results showed that deployment of tidal turbines in the channel would increase vertical mixing in the bay. However, extraction of tidal energy also would result in a decrease in bottom dissolved oxygen in the bay during summer, which may cause hypoxia in fish. Finally, the tidal-turbine model was applied to a real-world site in Puget Sound — a highly energetic estuary on the US Pacific Northwest coast. The model application of tidal energy extraction in Puget Sound demonstrated the advantage of using an unstructured-grid modeling approach with high grid resolution near the tidal-turbine farm within a large model domain. This study showed that a numerical model can be a useful tool for assessing tidal energy extraction and its environmental impacts and for informing regulatory and policy processes for tidal energy development.
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Sieber, Jakub. "Environmental Aspect of Investment in Solar System in Example of Business Providing Public Services. Case from Slovak Republic." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.431-442.
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This paper focus on environmental investment made in small firm in solar system. Based on literature review and recently introduced financial mechanism of European Union for membership states to recover and help countries to become more efficient, digitalized, and face climate changes after COVID-19 crisis, it becomes crucial to point out that not all “green solutions” might yield sustainable advantages. Case from Slovak Republic shows that investment in solar system made in 2017 is dropping its competitive advantage when we calculate Life Cycle Assessment. Paper is dealing with national policies declared by state authorities in Slovak Republic and also European Union with tendency to lower emissions of CO2. When assuming that goals of state authorities and EU are reachable in field of energetic mix, in this particular case the firm will be leaving higher carbon footprint 10 years after investment in solar panels as it did not invest in solar system. In 2017, the savings in the carbon footprint of the surveyed company in LCA in absolute terms amounted to 1551 tons, or 0.03 tons per kWh, but by assumptions, in 2027 carbon footprint will be higher by 0,005 ton per kWh despite operating own solar system.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "Hybrid Rail Technology Review: an Intermediate Pathway For Electrifying the Freight and Commuter Rail Sector - a Technical and Operational Assessment." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58271.
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Abstract The transport industry, as any other sector, has been permanently challenged by both the continuously stringent environmental standards and the energy efficiency requirements, which has driven a set of initiatives focused on both the fuel burn reduction and the environmental performance improvement. The rail sector currently relies on the efficient and local zero emission electrical traction for the medium to heavy density corridors. However, for the light to medium density corridors (both passenger and freight), given the high upfront costs associated with the electrical infrastructure, they are currently required to rely on fossil fuel based traction (often, the diesel-electric) architecture, with an inherent efficiency and environmental burden. The advent of hybridization, i.e. the use of more than one power source in a powertrain (mainly — but not restricted to — an internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motors (EM), associated with an electrical energy storage device - ESD) — currently a feasible approach for the automotive sector — has opened the way for the rail industry, as an opportunity to improve the energetic efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint for the aforementioned low to medium density rail corridors, without the cost burden of an electrical infrastructure. The hybrid powertrain efficiency drivers are basically: i) kinetic energy recovery, through the use of the regenerative braking (i.e. using electric motors as generators, to recover part of the train’s kinetic energy); ii) improved engine performance, avoiding the low efficiency (low load) engine range and iii) engine downsizing (engine power requirement reduction, as it is assisted by the electric traction on power bursts). From an environmental perspective, the reduced fuel consumption also means lower emissions. Moreover, hybrid configurations might also reduce noise and gaseous engine emissions within/nearby stations or urban rail yards, by switching off internal combustion engines, running the train and powering auxiliary systems with the previously stored electrical energy on the ESD. Finally, for electrified rail lines, the hybrid rail configuration might also provide the so called last mile capability, used to circumvent non electrified rail stretches, like bridges or tunnels, as well as small extension non electrified rail segments. This work presents a review of hybrid rail technology, covering hybrid configuration and energy storage devices, from both a technical, operational and environmental perspective, supported on current available technical literature, as well as on simulation and field test reports, followed by a near to mid term outlook of hybrid rail technology for both freight and passenger segments.
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Irving, Clare, Pete Burgess, and Keith Stevens. "Dealing With a Pa-231 Contaminated Ventilation Duct." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59248.
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Cambridge University had worked in the 1960s and 1970s with Pa-231, a decay product of U-235. The fume cupboards discharged into ventilation ducting made from asbestos cement. The university wished to refurbish the laboratory and the RPA had negotiated over many years with the Environment Agency to set up a project to remove the ducting both to reduce the radiological hazards and as part of a programme to remove unwanted circuits and upgrade the ventilation system to modern standards. Contamination levels were significant and low dose rates were measurable on the external surface. The aim was to be able to remove the ducting and treat it as asbestos waste, rather than to have to treat the debris as asbestos contaminated radioactive waste. The age of the contaminant was such that a large fraction of the decay chain had grown in, giving a mixture of alpha, beta and gamma emissions. The most useful nuclides for surface monitoring were Pb-211 and Tl-207, both of which are energetic beta emitters. A wide energy range beta detector was used, but it was fitted with a filter to absorb any alpha radiation which otherwise would have contributed to the signal for good surfaces but not for dusty, damp or rough surfaces and would have contributed to the uncertainty in the activity assessment. Samples were checked using gamma spectrometry to confirm that only Pa-231 and its progeny were present in significant quantities. The gamma spectrum is complicated and this paper describes the difficulties in confirming that the spectrum only contained the Pa-231 decay chain. The vast majority of the contaminated ducting was successfully consigned as asbestos, rather than radioactive, waste. The other problem was dealing with the soft waste produced during the dismantling process. This was monitored using simple equipment and it was possible to demonstrate that it could be disposed of with the rest of the waste under the relevant UK legislation.
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Folvarcny, Ales, Stanislav Misak, Tomas Sumbera, and Ladislav Sliva. "Assessment usage energetic potential from renewable sources." In 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2012.6221425.
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Lamedica, R., and D. Zaccagnini Romito. "Renewable energy integration system: Economic, environmental and energetic assessments." In 2012 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energycon.2012.6348218.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "Battery Electric Rail Technology Review - A Technical and Operational Assessment. Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives." In 2022 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2022-78133.
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Abstract The transport industry is currently responsible for around a quarter of GHG emissions worldwide, with a forecasted increased share for the next coming years. The rail industry is one of the most energy efficient and less polluting transport mode. In European Union (E.U.), for instance, the rail sector currently accounts for 1.5% of E.U. transport GHG emissions, with over 8.5% of total market share, while on the United States (U.S.), it accounts for 1.9% of transport GHG emissions (0.6% for freight railroads, with a share of around 40% of long distance freight volumes, in a ton-mile basis). Despite this remarkable environmental and energetic performance, the rail sector is also strongly committed with the compromise of a continuous reduction of its specific GHG emissions, for both the passenger (passenger-km) and freight (tone-km) services, to comply with the world effort, to keep the overall increase in average global temperature below 2 °C, compared to pre-industrial levels. One of the main strategies to reach these ambitious targets is to increase the rail electrification share, with the massive use of electric powertrains, with their inherent improved efficiency and zero local emission performance, compared to the internal combustion engines powered counterparts. The conventional rail electrification, based on a third-rail or overhead line, might be cost and environmental effective for city and inter-city intensively used routes. However, secondary lines and regional routes, lack the required traffic density for conventional electrification, given the high infrastructure costs required. In this context, alternative rail electrification routes, such as the use of Battery Electric Rail (BER) powertrains, have been seen as a promising electrification alternative to comply with rail industry compromises, to reduce its GHG share and efforts to improve energy efficiency, especially in the low density traffic rail segments. It is noteworthy that alternative rail powertrains have launched the debate around traction technology selection for rail fleet renewal, given the average 30 year lifetime of rail equipment, which ultimately require immediate policies and actions to guarantee the long term rail environmental and efficiency targets. In the E.U., BER has been evaluated as alternatives for non electrified low density rail segments (mainly for inter-regional passenger transport), with extensions in the 40–80 km range, given the medium term strategic decision to ban the diesel powertrains, currently used on Diesel Multiple Units (DMU). In the rail freight segment, there are some U.S. preliminary BER initiatives, focused on both shunt/switch locomotives (given their low power and range requirements, compared to road locomotives), and even line-haul locomotives, the later with a limited potential, given their large power and range requirements. However, prior to the widespread use of BER, there are some challenges to be taken up, such as battery technologies improvement (basically the battery chemistry, to meet the harsh rail operational requirements), charging infrastructure, sustainable electricity cost and availability, as well as operational impacts (such as the required charging intervals and the use of battery tender cars on rail productivity). This work presents an unbiased assessment of battery rail technology (for both the passenger and freight sectors), based on the state of the art technical sources, with a focus on battery technology and infrastructure topics, weighted against rail operational requirements. Finally, there are presented some case studies, with BER experiences and prototypes, showing preliminary BER outcomes, followed by the technological and operational challenges to be faced, prior to its commercial use in specific rail niche segments.
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Guo, Xiaoxian, Zhen Gao, Jianmin Yang, Torgeir Moan, Haining Lu, Xin Li, and Wenyue Lu. "The Effects of Surface Waves and Submergence on the Performance and Loading of a Tidal Turbine." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62233.
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Tidal energy has the advantages of high predictability, high energy density, and limited environmental impacts. As tidal turbines are expected to be used in the most energetic waters where there might be significant waves, the assessment of unsteady hydrodynamic load due to surface waves is of great concern. The objective of this paper is to assess the effects of surface waves and submergence of the turbine on the power performance and loads of a tidal turbine by experimental approach. The experiments on a 1 : 25th model tidal turbine were carried out in a towing tank. A wide range of regular waves with periods from 1.0 s to 3.0 s at model scale were generated. Different submergence conditions were considered to investigate the effects of the presence of free surface. The cases with blade tip partly going out of water were also performed. The regular waves did not have significant influences on average loads and power output in the present experiments, but caused large amplitude of the cyclic variation of the loads. The amplitudes of the cyclic load were proved to be proportional to the incident wave height, and to be sensitive to the wave frequency and submergence of the rotor. As the tidal turbine getting close to free surface, significant waves were induced by the underwater rotating blade. The effects of surface waves and submergence need to be taken into account in design.
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Cardona, Fabio, Domenico Panno, and Antonio Piacentino. "Analysis of a Reciprocate Engine–Based Cogeneration Plant With High Temperature Heat Recovery for Industrial Uses." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82306.
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In consequence of the increasing awareness on the future scarcity of fossil energy sources and the global warming impact of energy conversion processes, the European Union has been planning several actions to enhance the efficiency of energy use and reduce the environmental impact. The declared goals of EU actions are synthetized in the 20-20-20 formula, consisting of an expected 20% increase of energy efficiency, a 20% contribution to the total energy supply by renewable sources and a 20% abatement of pollutant emissions. Applications of cogeneration in process industry can significantly contribute to achieve these targets. In this paper a reciprocate engine-based Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant is presented, serving a pasta factory located in Sicily and installed by an Energy Service COmpany (ESCO) within the context of a national implementation scheme of Energy Saving Certificates (or “white certificates”). The CHP plant, with a 650 kWe capacity, currently covers a relevant fraction of the electric and high-temperature heat loads during peak hours, while it is switched off during off-peak hours because of the much lower electricity price. Heat content of flue gases is recovered by two cascaded gas-diathermic oil and diathermic oil-water heat exchangers; the superheated water obtained is then supplied to the pasta dryers. The first part of the paper provides a detailed plant description and an energetic analysis of historical performance data collected along the last two years of operation. Both the critical analysis of the lay-out and the evaluation of energy saving indicators reveal the current scheme to represent a sub-optimal solution for the particular application. In the second part of the paper a modified solution is simulated, consisting of the same CHP unit equipped with additional heat exchangers for heat recovery from the cooling water jacket circuit. The marginal energetic and economic benefits compared to the current plant setup are calculated; the results are presented in analytic and graphical form, coherently with the provisions of Directive 2004/8/EC and accounting separately for the different cost and revenues (fuel for the CHP unit and the supplementary boilers, electricity purchased from or supplied to the grid, taxes, etc.). The improved solution, designed to increase the thermal efficiency of the CHP unit by allowing a full exploitation of heat cascades, resulted to provide evident benefits and to make the CHP unit to comply with all the current legislative provisions for the assessment of highly efficient CHP plants. Margins for further improvements are also briefly discussed.
Reports on the topic "Energetic environmental assessment"
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NM TECH ENERGETIC MATERIALS RES/TESTING CTR. Environmental Assessment, Establishing a Drop Zone at the Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center in Socorro, New Mexico and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada638035.
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