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1

Ivy, J. L., W. M. Sherman, A. L. Katz, C. L. Cutler, and H. Dodd. "ENDURANCE TRAINING." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 17, no. 2 (April 1985): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198504000-00436.

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2

Stachenfeld, Nina S., Gilbert W. Gleim, and James A. Nicholas. "Endurance Training." Physician and Sportsmedicine 20, no. 8 (August 1992): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1992.11947473.

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3

MARUYAMA, HITOSHI. "Endurance and Training." Journal of exercise physiology 9, no. 3 (1994): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika1986.9.139.

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4

CONVERTINO, VICTOR A. "Endurance exercise training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, no. 6 (June 1993): 705???712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199306000-00010.

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5

DELAGARDELLE, CHARLES, PATRICK FEIEREISEN, PHILIPPE AUTIER, RAOUF SHITA, ROLAND KRECKE, and JEAN BEISSEL. "Strength/endurance training versus endurance training in congestive heart failure." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 12 (December 2002): 1868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00002.

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6

Reuter, Ben. "ENDURANCE ACTIVITIES: Strength Training for Endurance Athletes?" Strength and Conditioning Journal 22, no. 5 (2000): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4295(2000)022<0061:stfea>2.0.co;2.

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7

van der Beek, E. J. "Vitamins and Endurance Training." Sports Medicine 2, no. 3 (1985): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502030-00003.

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8

Dudley, Gary A., and Steven J. Fleck. "Strength and Endurance Training." Sports Medicine 4, no. 2 (1987): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198704020-00001.

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9

Heitkamp, Hans C., Christine Wegler, Christian Venter, Helmut Heinle, Ute Brehme, and Thomas Horstmann. "Endurance Training In Women." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01039.

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10

Rusko, Heikki, Heikki Tikkanen, and Juha Peltonen. "Altitude and endurance training." Journal of Sports Sciences 22, no. 10 (October 2004): 928–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410400005933.

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11

PATE, RUSSELL R., and J. DAVID BRANCH. "Training for endurance sport." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (1992): 340???343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199209001-00007.

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12

Shannon, Michael P., and Romain Meeusen. "Individual Endurance Sports Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-00245.

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13

Saunders, Philo U., David B. Pyne, and Christopher J. Gore. "Endurance Training at Altitude." High Altitude Medicine & Biology 10, no. 2 (June 2009): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ham.2008.1092.

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14

Shannon, Michael P., and Romain Meeusen. "Individual Endurance Sports Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-00245.

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15

Heitkamp, Hans C., Christine Wegler, Christian Venter, Helmut Heinle, Ute Brehme, and Thomas Horstmann. "Endurance Training In Women." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01039.

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16

RAVEN, PETER B., and JAMES A. PAWELCZYK. "Chronic endurance exercise training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, no. 6 (June 1993): 713???721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199306000-00011.

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17

Senefeld, Jonathon W., and Michael J. Joyner. "Strength-Endurance Training Classes." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 95, no. 3 (March 2020): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.021.

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18

VENABLES, MICHELLE C., and ASKER E. JEUKENDRUP. "Endurance Training and Obesity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, no. 3 (March 2008): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815f256f.

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19

Steiner, M. C. "Endurance versus strength training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1) Endurance training." Chronic Respiratory Disease 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1479972304cd009xx.

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20

Marzorati, M. "Altitude Training and Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Performance." Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal 10, no. 02 (June 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.32098/mltj.02.2020.11.

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21

Beckers, PJM, CJM Vrints, NM Possemiers, and VMA Conraads. "Combined endurance???resistance training versus endurance training in patients with chronic heart failure." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 13, Supplement 1 (May 2006): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00149831-200605001-00297.

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22

Kukić, F., N. Koropanovski, R. Janković, and M. Dopsaj. "EFFECTS OF SPECIALIZED PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADDITIONAL AEROBIC TRAINING ON AEROBIC ENDURANCE OF POLICE STUDENTS." Human Sport Medicine 19, S2 (March 19, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm19s208.

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Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate if the SPE classes were sufficient to improve the police students’ aerobic endurance over the period of 12 weeks; and to investigate if two additional aerobic trainings per week may have an effect on the students’ aerobic endurance. Materials and Methods. An initial and final estimated maximal oxygen consumption of 233 (♀87 and ♂146) police students were assessed at the begging and after 12 weeks of training. All participants were performing SPE classes as part of the curriculum, while experimental groups (♀39 and ♂81) conducted two additional trainings for aerobic endurance. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of the treatments and the differences between the treatments. Results. The SPE with two additional aerobic endurance trainings significantly improved students’ aerobic endurance in both sexes (14 %, p < 0.01). Two aerobic trainings alone had large effects on aerobic endurance female (11.66 %, p < 0.01) and male (12.15 %, p < 0.01) police students. Conclusions. Relatively simple aerobic training, applied two times per week, could provide meaningful changes in aerobic endurance. Practitioners could use the period while police students are at the university to educate them on how to organize and conduct basic phy­sical training on their own.
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23

Schumann, Moritz, Javier Botella, Laura Karavirta, and Keijo Häkkinen. "Training-Load-Guided vs Standardized Endurance Training in Recreational Runners." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0093.

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Purpose:To compare the effects of a standardized endurance-training program with individualized endurance training modified based on the cumulative training load provided by the Polar training-load feature.Methods:After 12 wk of similar training, 24 recreationally endurance-trained men were matched to a training-load-guided (TL, n = 10) or standardized (ST, n = 14) group and continued training for 12 wk. In TL, training sessions were individually chosen daily based on an estimated cumulative training load, whereas in ST the training was standardized with 4–6 sessions/wk. Endurance performance (shortest 1000-m running time during an incremental field test of 6 × 1000 m) and heart-rate variability (HRV) were measured every 4 wk, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured during an incremental treadmill test every 12 wk.Results:During weeks 1–12, similar changes in VO2max and 1000-m time were observed in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .004 and –6% ± 4%, P = .069) and ST (+5% ± 7%, P = .019 and –8% ± 5%, P < .001). During wk 13–24, VO2max statistically increased in ST only (3% ± 4%, P = .034). The 1000-m time decreased in TL during wk 13–24 (–9% ± 5%, P = .011), but in ST only during wk 13–20 (–3% ± 2%, P = .003). The overall changes in VO2max and 1000-m time during wk 0–24 were similar in TL (+7% ± 4%, P = .001 and –9% ± 5%, P = .011) and ST (+10% ± 7%, P < .001 and –13% ± 5%, P < .001). No between-groups differences in total training volume and frequency were observed. HRV remained statistically unaltered in both groups.Conclusions:The main finding was that training performed according to the cumulative training load led to improvements in endurance performance similar to those with standardized endurance training in recreational endurance runners.
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24

Prieto-González, Pablo, and Jaromir Sedlacek. "Effects of Running-Specific Strength Training, Endurance Training, and Concurrent Training on Recreational Endurance Athletes’ Performance and Selected Anthropometric Parameters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 10773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710773.

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Objective: The present study aimed to verify the effects of running-specific strength training alone, endurance training alone, and concurrent training on recreational endurance athletes’ performance and selected anthropometric parameters. Method: Thirty male recreational endurance runners were randomly assigned using a blocking technique to either a running-specific strength training group (RSSTG), an endurance training group (ETG), or a concurrent training group (CTG). RSSTG performed three strength-training sessions per week orientated to running, ETG underwent three endurance sessions per week, and CTG underwent a 3-day-per-week concurrent training program performed on non-consecutive days, alternating the strength and endurance training sessions applied to RSSTG and ETG. The training protocol lasted 12 weeks and was designed using the ATR (Accumulation, Transmutation, Realization) block periodization system. The following assessments were conducted before and after the training protocol: body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), lean mass (LM), countermovement jump (CMJ), 1RM (one-repetition maximum) squat, running economy at 12 and 14 km/h (RE12 and RE14), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and anaerobic threshold (AnT). Results: RSSTG significantly improved the results in CMJ, 1RM squat, RE12, and RE14. ETG significantly improved in RE12, RE14, VO2max, and AnT. Finally, CTG, obtained significant improvements in BFP, LM, CMJ, 1RM squat, RE12, RE14, VO2max, and AnT. RSSTG obtained improvements significantly higher than ETG in CMJ, 1RM squat, and RE14. ETG results were significantly better than those attained by RSSTG in AnT. Moreover, CTG marks were significantly higher than those obtained by ETG in CMJ and RE14. Conclusion: Performing a 12-week concurrent training program integrated into the ATR periodization system effectively improves body composition and performance variables that can be obtained with exclusive running-specific strength and endurance training in recreational runners aged 30 to 40. Running-specific strength training enhances maximum and explosive strength and RE, whereas exclusive endurance training improves VO2max, AnT, and RE. Performing concurrent training on non-consecutive days effectively prevents the strength and endurance adaptations attained with single-mode exercise from being attenuated. The ATR periodization system is useful in improving recreational endurance athletes’ performance parameters, especially when performing concurrent training programs.
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25

Spengler, Christina M., and Urs Boutellier. "Breathless Legs? Consider Training Your Respiration." Physiology 15, no. 2 (April 2000): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.2.101.

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The condition of the respiratory system is more important for endurance exercise performance of healthy subjects than hitherto assumed. Not only do respiratory muscles fatigue during intensive endurance exercise, but prefatigued respiratory muscles can also impair performance. In turn, respiratory endurance training can improve endurance exercise performance.
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26

Hickson, R. C., B. A. Dvorak, E. M. Gorostiaga, T. T. Kurowski, and C. Foster. "Potential for strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 5 (November 1, 1988): 2285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2285.

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The impact of adding heavy-resistance training to increase leg-muscle strength was studied in eight cycling- and running-trained subjects who were already at a steady-state level of performance. Strength training was performed 3 days/wk for 10 wk, whereas endurance training remained constant during this phase. After 10 wk, leg strength was increased by an average of 30%, but thigh girth and biopsied vastus lateralis muscle fiber areas (fast and slow twitch) and citrate synthase activities were unchanged. Maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) was also unchanged by heavy-resistance training during cycling (55 ml.kg-1.min-1) and treadmill running (60 ml.kg-1.min-1); however, short-term endurance (4-8 min) was increased by 11 and 13% (P less than 0.05) during cycling and running, respectively. Long-term cycling to exhaustion at 80% VO2max increased from 71 to 85 min (P less than 0.05) after the addition of strength training, whereas long-term running (10 km times) results were inconclusive. These data do not demonstrate any negative performance effects of adding heavy-resistance training to ongoing endurance-training regimens. They indicate that certain types of endurance performance, particularly those requiring fast-twitch fiber recruitment, can be improved by strength-training supplementation.
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27

Hackney, Anthony C. "Endurance Training and Testosterone Levels." Sports Medicine 8, no. 2 (August 1989): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198908020-00004.

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28

Leveritt, Michael, Peter J. Abernethy, Benjamin K. Barry, and Peter A. Logan. "Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training." Sports Medicine 28, no. 6 (1999): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199928060-00004.

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29

Bazyler, Caleb D., Heather A. Abbott, Christopher R. Bellon, Christopher B. Taber, and Michael H. Stone. "Strength Training for Endurance Athletes." Strength and Conditioning Journal 37, no. 2 (April 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000131.

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30

MARRON, ENDA, MAX LEWIS, and CRAIG MAHONEY. "Biochemical parameters in endurance training." Biochemical Society Transactions 22, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 28S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst022028s.

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31

Nader, Gustavo A. "Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, no. 11 (November 2006): 1965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000233795.39282.33.

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32

BAAR, KEITH. "Training for Endurance and Strength." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, no. 11 (November 2006): 1939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000233799.62153.19.

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33

Hoff, J. "Soccer specific aerobic endurance training." British Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.3.218.

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34

JENKINS, DAVID G., and BRIAN M. QUIGLEY. "Endurance training enhances critical power." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, no. 1 (November 1992): 1283???1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199211000-00014.

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35

LEVERITT, MICHAEL, PETER J. ABERNETHY, BEN BARRY, and PETER A. LOGAN. "Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17, no. 3 (August 2003): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200308000-00013.

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36

Taipale, R., J. Mikkola, A. Nummela, V. Vesterinen, B. Capostagno, S. Walker, D. Gitonga, W. Kraemer, and K. Häkkinen. "Strength Training in Endurance Runners." International Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 07 (April 29, 2010): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1243639.

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37

&NA;. "Free Communication/Poster - Endurance Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000320812.96570.ee.

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38

&NA;. "Free Communication/Slide - Endurance Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (May 2008): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000320995.41668.61.

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39

Whitehurst, Michael, and Eileen Menendez. "Endurance Training in Older Women." Physician and Sportsmedicine 19, no. 6 (June 1991): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1991.11704868.

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40

Vasile, Luciela. "Endurance Training in Performance Swimming." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 117 (March 2014): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.206.

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41

Hagerman, Patrick S. "Combining Strength and Endurance Training." Strength and Conditioning Journal 22, no. 4 (August 2000): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200008000-00011.

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42

Reuter, Ben. "Strength Training for Endurance Athletes?" Strength and Conditioning Journal 22, no. 5 (October 2000): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200010000-00017.

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43

McFarlane, Brent. "Strength Endurance: Simplified circuit training." National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal 7, no. 1 (1985): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1985)007<0048:sct>2.3.co;2.

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44

MONTERO, DAVID, CANDELA DIAZ-CAÑESTRO, and CARSTEN LUNDBY. "Endurance Training and V˙O2max." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47, no. 10 (October 2015): 2024–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000640.

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45

Hughes, V. A., W. R. Frontera, M. J. Zackin, C. N. Meredith, J. E. Edwards, E. C. Evans, and W. J. Evans. "ENDURANCE TRAINING IN ELDERLY SUBJECTS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 17, no. 2 (April 1985): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198504000-00109.

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46

Weight, Lindsay M., Donald Alexander, Terry Elliot, and Peter Jacobs. "Erythropoietic adaptations to endurance training." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 64, no. 5 (1992): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00625065.

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47

McKeough, Zoe J., Peter TP Bye, and Jennifer A. Alison. "Arm exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Chronic Respiratory Disease 9, no. 3 (March 27, 2012): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479972312440814.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of arm endurance training, arm strength training, a combination of arm endurance and strength training, and no arm training on endurance arm exercise capacity. A randomised controlled trial was undertaken with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects randomised into one of four groups to complete 8 weeks of training: (a) arm endurance training (endurance group) consisting of supported and unsupported arm exercises, (b) arm strength training (strength group) using weight machines, (c) a combination of arm endurance and arm strength training (combined group), or (d) no arm training (control group). The primary outcome measurement was endurance arm exercise capacity measured by an endurance arm crank test. Secondary outcomes included functional arm exercise capacity measured by the incremental unsupported arm exercise test and health-related quality of life. A total of 52 subjects were recruited and 38 (73%) completed the study. When comparing the arm endurance group to the control group, there was a significant increase in endurance time of 6 min (95% CI 2–10, p < 0.01) following the interventions. When comparing the combined group to each of the control, endurance and strength groups, there was a significantly greater reduction in dyspnoea and rate of perceived exertion at the end of the functional arm exercise test for the combined group following the interventions. The mode of training to be favoured to increase endurance arm exercise capacity is arm endurance training. However, combined arm endurance and strength training may also be very useful to reduce the symptoms during everyday arm tasks.
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48

Little, Thomas, and Alun G. Williams. "Suitability of Soccer Training Drills for Endurance Training." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, no. 2 (2006): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/r-17094.1.

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49

LITTLE, THOMAS, and ALUN G. WILLIAMS. "SUITABILITY OF SOCCER TRAINING DRILLS FOR ENDURANCE TRAINING." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, no. 2 (May 2006): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200605000-00014.

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50

Ratajczak, Marzena, Damian Skrypnik, Paweł Bogdański, Edyta Mądry, Jarosław Walkowiak, Monika Szulińska, Janusz Maciaszek, Matylda Kręgielska-Narożna, and Joanna Karolkiewicz. "Effects of Endurance and Endurance–Strength Training on Endothelial Function in Women with Obesity: A Randomized Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 4291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214291.

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Some investigations have demonstrated that a combined endurance–strength training is the most effective in the treatment of obesity. The aim of the research was to access how different trainings influence: endothelial function, lipid metabolism, and risk of atherosclerosis in women with obesity. In a randomized trial, 39 obese women aged 28–62 completed endurance (n = 22, 60-80% HRmax) or combined training (n = 17, 20 minutes of strength exercises, 50–60% 1RM and 25 minutes of endurance training, 60-80% HRmax). Before and after the intervention vascular endothelial function (endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP)as well as visceral adiposity index (VAI), total-body skeletal muscle mass and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were determined. After the trainings, in both groups total cholesterol and total-body skeletal muscle mass increased (p < 0.05). In the group undergoing combined training, lower (p < 0.05) VAI, AIP, CRP and LDL-C were noted. In the group undergoing endurance training TBARS concentration decreased (p < 0.01), while the HDL-C (p < 0.01) concentration as well as eNOS (p < 0.05) activity increased. No significant differences between groups were found, either before or after the programs. Both training programs led to the improvement of lipid metabolism, but only endurance training alone favorably changed indicators of endothelial functions in women with obesity.
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