Journal articles on the topic 'Endurance activity'
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Hellsten, G., K. Boman, G. Hallmans, and G. Dahlén. "Lipids and endurance physical activity." Atherosclerosis 75, no. 1 (January 1989): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(89)90211-6.
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Boman, Kurt, Gideon Hellsten, Åke Bruce, Göran Hallmans, and Torbjörn K. Nilsson. "Endurance physical activity, diet and fibrinolysis." Atherosclerosis 106, no. 1 (March 1994): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(94)90083-3.
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Payne, Nancy, Norman Gledhill, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, and Veronica Jamnik. "Health-Related Fitness, Physical Activity, and History of Back Pain." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 25, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h00-018.
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The relationship between history of back pain and measurements of both health-related fitness and physical activity participation was examined in 233 males and 287 females, aged 15-69 years. Participants were divided by gender into those reporting no history (NH) or a history (H) of recurring back pain. Analysis of variance indicated that trunk flexion, back extensor endurance, and physical activity participation were significantly higher for NH and waist girth significantly lower for NH in both genders. In females, mean abdominal muscular endurance was significantly higher in NH. Forward stepwise discriminant function analyses indicated that the best discriminators between NH and H were back extensor endurance and physical activity participation in both genders and waist girth in females. These findings support using measurements of trunk flexion, abdominal muscular endurance, back extensor endurance, physical activity participation, and waist girth as indicators of back fitness in the evaluation of back health. Key words: back fitness, back extensor endurance, trunk flexion, curl-ups, waist girth
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Górna, Sara, and Katarzyna Domaszewska. "The Effect of Endurance Training on Serum BDNF Levels in the Chronic Post-Stroke Phase: Current Evidence and Qualitative Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123556.
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Research in modern neurorehabilitation focusses on cognitive and motor recovery programmes tailored to each stroke patient, with particular emphasis on physiological parameters. The objectives of this review were to determine whether a single bout of endurance activity or long-term endurance activity regulates exercise-dependent serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. To assess the effectiveness of endurance exercise among patients in the chronic post-stroke phase, a systematic review was performed, including searching EBSCOhost, PEDro, PubMed, and Scopus for articles published up to the end of October 2021. The PRISMA 2020 outline was used, and this review was registered on PROSPERO. Of the 180 papers identified, seven intervention studies (comprising 200 patients) met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of these studies was evaluated by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) criteria. The effect of exercise was evaluated in four studies with a single bout of endurance activity, two studies with long-term endurance activity, and one study with a single bout of endurance activity as well as long-term endurance activity. The results of our systematic review provide evidence that endurance exercise might augment the peripheral BDNF concentration in post-stroke individuals.
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Bennett, A. F. "The evolution of activity capacity." Journal of Experimental Biology 160, no. 1 (October 1, 1991): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.160.1.1.
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The capacities of animals for activity (burst speed, maximal exertion, endurance) are examined in relation to their selective importance in extant populations and the pattern of their evolution in major animal taxa. Activity capacities have been demonstrated to be both heritable and highly variable in natural populations and hence susceptible to natural selection. Some field studies have demonstrated significant positive associations between activity capacities, particularly burst speed, and survivorship; other studies have not. The potential for such selection therefore clearly exists, although it may not operate in all populations. Comparative studies of major taxa have linked endurance capacities to maximal rates of oxygen consumption; speed and exertion are correlated with capacities for anaerobic metabolism, either the catabolism of phosphagens or the production of lactic acid or octopine, depending on taxon. In vertebrates, the primitive metabolic pattern involved the use of aerobic metabolism to support moderate swimming performance, supplemented by bursts of activity fuelled through lactic acid production. Because of much greater locomotor costs, the transition of vertebrates onto land entailed a decrease in endurance, which was greatly expanded again only after the evolution of the higher rates of aerobic metabolism characteristic of the birds and mammals. These greater aerobic capacities may have been selected for thermoregulatory reasons and/or for increased activity capacity itself.
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Rivero, J. L., A. L. Serrano, P. Henckel, and E. Aguera. "Muscle fiber type composition and fiber size in successfully and unsuccessfully endurance-raced horses." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1758.
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Triplicate biopsies from three different depths of the gluteus medius muscle were obtained in 36 endurance-raced horses, aged 8.42 +/- 2.85 yr. Twenty of the horses were considered excellent endurance performers according to the mean speed of their three fastest records in endurance events for the past 2 or 3 years, whereas 16 were moderate performers, with a mean racing speed < 12.5 km/h (in 120- to 180-km endurance rides), < 14 km/h (in 80- to 120-km endurance rides), or < 13.5 km/h (in 40- to 60-km endurance rides). Significant differences in muscle fiber type composition and fiber size were recorded; excellent performers had a higher percentage and a larger size of type I and type IIa fibers (high and low myosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity at pH 4.5, respectively) and a lower percentage of type IIb fibers (moderate myosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity at pH 4.5), including both type IIb oxidative (moderate to high NADH-tetrazolium reductase activity) and IIb nonoxidative (low NADH-tetrazolium reductase activity). The differences in distribution of myofiber types and in fiber sizes were more marked in the deeper parts compared with the superficial regions of muscle. Our results also imply a greater homogeneity among the fiber type sizes across the muscle in horses with a superior endurance performance than in horses that had been poorly or moderately endurance raced. Thus the results show that fiber type proportions and fiber size in equine skeletal muscle are directly related to the athletic ability of the horse for endurance events.
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Abernethy, Peter J. "Influence of Acute Endurance Activity on Isokinetic Strength." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 7, no. 3 (August 1993): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-199308000-00003.
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Abernethy, Peter J. "Influence of Acute Endurance Activity on Isokinetic Strength." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 7, no. 3 (1993): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(1993)007<0141:ioaeao>2.3.co;2.
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Wietbrock, Mary Ann. "Enhancing post-CCU functional endurance with physical activity." Nursing Critical Care 14, no. 6 (November 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000602736.89712.d4.
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Seidl, Jamie, and Chad A. Asplund. "Effects of Excessive Endurance Activity on the Heart." Current Sports Medicine Reports 13, no. 6 (2014): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000097.
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Khan, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Naseeb Ullah Khan, and Aqeel Ahmad Khan. "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS, BODY MASS INDEX, MUSCULAR ENDURANCE, HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE OF OLDER ADOLESCENTS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, PAKISTAN." SKY-International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (IJPESS) 6 (December 14, 2022): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/the-sky.v6i0.1836.
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Abstract: Insufficient physical activity and Sedentary lifestyle is making youth susceptible to several chronic diseases globally and in Pakistan. This research assessed the association between levels of physical activity and health related fitness status of school and college students from different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Data was collected from 390 students at secondary schools and colleges. International Self-report measure was used to measure physical activity levels and health related fitness tests (BMI, Harvard step test, push up test and sit and reach test) were used for evaluation of body mass, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, and flexibility. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic data. Group differences and associations were analysed using MANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression. Only 3.84% participants were engaging in vigorous intensity physical activity and all the participants had poor/ below average cardiorespiratory endurance (56.6 ± 4%). Moderate intensity activity was significantly correlated with cardiorespiratory endurance, whereas participation in different sports had significant association with flexibility.
The adolescents of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa did not meet the minimum requirements for physical activity levels and had poor cardiorespiratory endurance. Thus, a minimum of 60 minutes of vigorous exercise/ structured physical activity every day should be emphasized in schools and colleges to reduce risk of chronic diseases.
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Lightfoot, J. Timothy. "Why Control Activity? Evolutionary Selection Pressures Affecting the Development of Physical Activity Genetic and Biological Regulation." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/821678.
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The literature strongly suggests that daily physical activity is genetically and biologically regulated. Potential identities of the responsible mechanisms are unclear, but little has been written concerning the possible evolutionary selection pressures leading to the development of genetic/biological controls of physical activity. Given the weak relationship between exercise endurance and activity levels and the differential genomic locations associated with the regulation of endurance and activity, it is probable that regulation of endurance and activity evolved separately. This hypothesis paper considers energy expenditures and duration of activity in hunter/gatherers, pretechnology farmers, and modern Western societies and considers the potential of each to selectively influence the development of activity regulation. Food availability is also considered given the known linkage of caloric restriction on physical activity as well as early data relating food oversupply to physical inactivity. Elucidating the selection pressures responsible for the genetic/biological control of activity will allow further consideration of these pressures on activity in today’s society, especially the linkages between food and activity. Further, current food abundance is removing the cues for activity that were present for the first 40,000 years of human evolution, and thus future research should investigate the effects of this abundance upon the mechanisms regulating activity.
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Paternoster, Nicolò, Enrico Baggio, and Ettore Pelosi. "Personalized hydratation status in endurance and ultra-endurance: A review." Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 13, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mnm-200434.
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This review aims to investigate the physiological mechanisms that underlie the hydro-electrolyte balance of the human body and the most appropriate hydration modalities for individuals involved in physical and sports activities, with a focus on ultra-endurance events. The role of effective hydration in achieving optimal sports performance is also investigated. An adequate pre-hydration is essential to perform physical and sporting activity in a condition of eu-hydration and to mantain physiologic levels of plasma electrolyte. To achieve these goals, athletes need to consume adequate drinks together with consuming meals and fluids, in order to provide an adequate absorption of the ingested fluids and the expulsion of those in excess through diuresis. Therefore, there are important differences between individuals in terms of sweating rates, the amount of electrolytes loss and the specific request of the discipline practiced and the sporting event to pursue.
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Buckenmeyer, P. J., A. H. Goldfarb, J. S. Partilla, M. A. Pineyro, and E. M. Dax. "Endurance training, not acute exercise, differentially alters beta-receptors and cyclase in skeletal fiber types." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): E71—E77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.1.e71.
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beta-Adrenergic receptor binding characteristics and adenylate cyclase activity were examined in rat skeletal muscle membranes to determine if acute exercise or endurance training altered beta-receptors or adenylate cyclase activity in different muscle fiber types. Binding characteristics and adenylate cyclase activity were examined in type IIA [red fast-twitch, red vastus (RV)], type IIB [white fast-twitch, white vastus (WV)], and type I [red slow-twitch, soleus (S)] muscles. Acute exercise involved a 20-min run on a treadmill at 20 m/min and did not alter beta-receptor density or adenylate cyclase activity in any of the fiber types examined. Endurance training consisted of a progressive treadmill protocol that involved increasing intensity and duration of exercise for 18 wk. beta-Adrenergic receptor density increased in skeletal muscle fiber types primarily recruited during submaximal training (types I and IIA), whereas nonreceptor-mediated adenylate cyclase activity was altered in the three fiber types. Endurance training significantly increased beta-receptor density in RV by 25% and in S by 19% (P less than 0.05), whereas in WV beta-receptor density was not altered. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in RV was increased approximately 2.5 fold by endurance training. Nonreceptor-mediated adenylate cyclase activity, stimulated by NaF and forskolin, increased by approximately twofold in both RV and WV as a result of endurance training. The data support and extend previous observations to show greater effects of endurance training in types I and IIA fibers with respect to alterations in beta-receptor density and alterations in adenylate cyclase activity in each fiber type. Acute exercise did not alter these parameters either in trained or untrained rats.
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Makarenko, О. А., L. I. Karabadzhak, and V. V. Кіка. "ENDURANCE AND INTOXICATION INDICATORS OF RAT BRAIN WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLIZATION." Odesa National University Herald. Biology 27, no. 1(50) (June 25, 2022): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2022.1(50).259843.
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Introduction. One of the current important and unsolved problems of modern medicine is revealing the nature of the impact of chronic alcohol intoxication on functional indicators of life. It is important to analyze the metabolic shifts caused by ethanol, as well as to findeffectiveways to prevent and correct the effectsof alcohol. Aims. Research the effectof chronic ethanol consumption on endurance of rats, and determination of indicators of inflammation,intoxication and nonspecificresistance in the brain of laboratory rats. Materials and Methods. The experiment was performed on 2-month-old male and female rats. Alcohol intoxication was reproduced by introducing ethanol into drinking water, starting with 5% and gradually increasing to 15%. Intact groups of males and females received water. Endurance of rats was assessed once a week by the Porsolta Behavioral Despair Test, in which rats were given negative buoyancy by additional weight. The time of endurance of rats served as an indicator of fatigue. The duration of the experiment constituted 108 days. Inflammation(elastase, acid phosphatase activity), intoxication (urease activity and malonic dialdehyde activity), nonspecificresistance (lysozyme and catalase activity) were determined in the brain. Main results. It was found that the exercise stress contributes to the formation of more pronounced endurance of females than males. Chronic administration of ethanol did not significantlyaffectthe endurance of males during the swimming test, and led to a decrease in endurance of females. Biochemical studies showed that prolonged administration of ethanol to male and female rats leads to the accumulation of toxic products (urease, ammonia, lipid peroxidation products), stimulates the intensificationof inflammation(increased activity of acid phosphatase) against the suppression of nonspecificresistance (decrease of catalase and lysozyme activity) in the brain of rats under chronic alcohol intoxication. Conclusions. Alcohol consumption did not significantlyaffet the endurance of males, but reduced the endurance of females. The survey of the brain of rats showed the accumulation of toxic products, the intensificationof inflammationagainst the background of the suppression of nonspecificresistance under the influenceof ethanol.
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Vajda, Matej, Ľudmila Oreská, Alena Černáčková, Martin Čupka, Veronika Tirpáková, Ján Cvečka, Dušan Hamar, et al. "Aging and Possible Benefits or Negatives of Lifelong Endurance Running: How Master Male Athletes Differ from Young Athletes and Elderly Sedentary?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013184.
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Regular physical activity, recommended by the WHO, is crucial in maintaining a good physical fitness level and health status and slows down the effects of aging. However, there is a lack of knowledge of whether lifelong endurance running, with a volume and frequency above the WHO limits, still brings the same benefits, or several negative effects too. The present study aims to examine the protentional benefits and risks of lifelong endurance running training in Master male athletes, as this level of physical activity is above the WHO recommendations. Within the study, four main groups of participants will be included: (1) endurance-trained master athletes, (2) endurance-trained young athletes, (3) young sedentary adults, and (4) elderly sedentary. Both groups of athletes are strictly marathon runners, who are still actively running. The broad spectrum of the diagnostic tests, from the questionnaires, physical fitness testing, and blood sampling to muscle biopsy, will be performed to obtain the possibility of complexly analyzing the effects of lifelong endurance physical activity on the human body and aging. Moreover, the study will try to discover and explain new relationships between endurance running and diagnostic parameters, not only within aging.
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Xu, Shousheng, Yan Wang, Yu Jing, Zhengzhen Wang, and Juan Wang. "Influence of Parents’ Physical Activity on Children’s Physical Activity And Cardiopulmonary Endurance." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000562046.04457.8f.
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Auerswald, Tina, Anna Hendker, Tiara Ratz, Sonia Lippke, Claudia R. Pischke, Manuela Peters, Jochen Meyer, Kai von Holdt, and Claudia Voelcker-Rehage. "Impact of Activity Tracker Usage in Combination with a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical and Cognitive Parameters in Healthy Adults Aged 60+: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073785.
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Regular physical activity (PA) is of central importance for healthy aging and has a well-known impact on helping older adults maintain their cognitive and physical health. Thus, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of two physical activity interventions primarily conducted at home (print-based or web-based vs. web-based plus the use of an activity tracker) on cognitive and physical health parameters in older adults. Data of participants (n = 551, 60–80 years) were analyzed after being randomly allocated to a waitlist control group (CG), a web-based or print-based intervention group (IG) or a web-based intervention group that also included the use of an activity tracker (AG). Measured parameters were grip strength, endurance (two-minute step test), gait speed (four-meter walk test), cognition (Simon task; balanced integration score (BIS), reaction time and accuracy) and physical self-concept (Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ)). We found the highest effect sizes in all measured dimensions for AG (grip strength, endurance, gait speed, reaction time, physical self-concept), followed by IG (endurance, gait speed, reaction time, physical self-concept) and CG (endurance, gait speed, BIS). Findings suggest that a combined web-based and activity tracker intervention may improve physical functions, physical self-concept, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults.
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Saraç, D. C., S. Bayram, N. G. Tore, F. Sarİ, D. Oskay, A. Avanoğlu Güler, and A. Tufan. "THU0633-HPR CORE MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 561.2–562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5685.
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Background:It is stated that the muscles responsible for spinal stability around the trunk show long-term activity at low intensity in daily life, therefore, endurance insufficiency can cause loss of functionality and spinal stabilization and may induce pain (1).Objectives:The primary purpose of this study was to compare the core muscle endurance of individuals with AS with the core muscle endurance of healthy individuals. The secondary aim of the study was to examine the association between core muscle endurance and balance, disease activity, spinal mobility, functional status, physical activity level and fatigue in individuals with AS.Methods:The research is a cross-sectional study. 41 patients with AS and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. The core muscle endurance of both groups was assessed with trunk extension test, trunk flexion test, right and left side plank tests (2). In addition, in the AS group relationship between core endurance and balance, thoracic kyphosis angle, disease activity, functionality, spinal mobility, physical activity and fatigue was examined. Balance was evaluated with BIODEX Balance Systems and thoracic kyphosis angle was evaluated with a digital inclinometer. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used to assess disease activity, functionality, spinal mobility, physical activity and fatigue respectively.Results:Significant differences were found between AS group and control group in core endurance were summarized in Table 1. Additionally, significant relationships were observed between core endurance and all the assessed parameters except thoracic kyphosis angle (p<0.05), (Table 2).Table 1.Comparision of Core Endurance between AS and Control GroupsAS Group (n=41)Median (IQR)Control Group (n=40)Median (IQR)PTrunk Extensor Test (sec)44.0 (12.0–77.5)98.25 (63.75-120.0)<0.001Trunk Flexor Test (sec)41.0 (15.0–66.0)93.0 (55.85-120.0)<0.001Dominant Side Plank Test (sec)29.0 (9.8–62.0)43.27 (28.57–68.25)0.046Non-Dominat Side Plank Test (sec)32.0 (10.0–61.32)41.25 (25.0- 62.37)0.092p>0.05, Mann-Whitney U Test; AS: Ankylosing Spondylitis, IQR: Interquartile Range sec: secondsTable.2Association between core endurance and other parametersTrunk Extensor TestTrunk Flexor TestDominant Side Plank TestNon-Dominant Side Plank TestPain (VAS)-0.535*-0.339*-0.369*-0.203Stiffness (VAS)-0.496*-0.234-0.377*0.224Overall Stability Index-0.480*-0.488*-0.725*-0.702*BASFI-0.505*-0.441*-0.562*-0.574*BASMI-0.587*-0.390*-0.613*-0.501*BASDAI-0.468*-0.202-0.433*-0.345*Kyphosis Angle(o)-0.262-0.287-0.215-0.258IPAQ-0.354*-0.355*-0.523*-0.451*FSS-0.545*-0.445*-0.542*-0.502**: Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (rho), p<0.05; VAS: Visual Analog Scale, BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, IPAQ:International Physical Activity Questionnaire, FSS: Fatigue Severity ScaleConclusion:Core muscle endurance is lower in patients with AS and it is in relation with many factors regarding the disease. The use of these tests may provide additional information about the patients’ situation for clinicians.References:[1]Özyürek, S., D. Bayraktar, and A. Genç,Are the alterations in body posture related to decreased trunk muscleendurance in healthy young adults? Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 2018. 31(3): p. 431-436.[2]McGill, S.M., Low back stability: from formal description to issues for performance and rehabilitation. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 2001. 29(1): p. 26-31.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Anggraeni, Lidya, and R. Bambang Wirjatmadi. "STATUS HEMOGLOBIN, KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DAN DAYA TAHAN KARDIORESPIRASI (VO2 MAX) PADA ATLET UNIT KEGIATAN MAHASISWA BOLA BASKET [Haemoglobin Status, Smoking Habits and Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Vo2 max) among Basketball Student Activity Units]." Media Gizi Indonesia 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v14i1.27-34.
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Basketball athlete require maximum oxygen capacity to maintain their endurance during physical activity for long time. Good cardio respiratory endurance for athlete can slower fatigue so they can reach a peak performance optimally. Many factors affect cardio respiratory endurance such as haemoglobin status and smoking habits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between haemoglobin status and smoking habits with cardio respiratory endurance among basketball student activity unit. This research was an observational analytic with case control study design. The sample in this research were 50 people and divided into case (25 people) and control (25 people) groups. Data collections included cooper test, blood sampling with cyanmethemoglobin method and smoking habits. The result showed that there were correlation between haemoglobin status p=0.014 (OR = 6.78; 95% CI: 1.6-28.54), smoking habits p=0.020 (OR = 7.67; 95% CI: 1.47-39.98) with cardio respiratory endurance. Non anemia and non-smoking Athletes have a better cardio respiratory endurance than anemia and smoking athletes. It is recommend to maintain haemoglobin status in the normal range to avoids anemia and quit smoking to increase their optimal cardio respiratory endurance
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Koizumi, Daisuke, Nicole L. Rogers, Michael E. Rogers, Mohammod M. Islam, Masanobu Kusunoki, and Nobuo Takeshima. "Efficacy of an Accelerometer-Guided Physical Activity Intervention in Community-Dwelling Older Women." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 6, no. 4 (July 2009): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.4.467.
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Background:Although many Japanese older adults spend more than an hour each day walking for exercise, the intensity is often lower than the minimum level associated with various health benefits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a lifestyle physical activity intervention on improving quantity and quality of daily physical activity (DPA) as well as cardiorespiratory endurance in community-dwelling older women.Methods:68 women (60–78 yr of age) were randomly assigned to either a lifestyle physical activity intervention group (LIFE) or control group. During the 12-wk intervention, feedback based on accelerometer DPA data (number of daily steps (STEPS) and time spent performing daily moderate intensity physical activity (MPA) was provided to each participant in LIFE every two weeks. Cardiorespiratory endurance was evaluated using the 12-Minute Walk Test (12-MW).Results:Following the 12-wk intervention, significant group interactions were observed for STEPS, MPA, and cardiorespiratory endurance. LIFE increased STEPS by 16%, MPA by 53%, and the distance walked during the 12-MW by 10%.Conclusions:Promotion of DPA using accelerometers can significantly improve quantity and quality of daily physical activity as well as cardiorespiratory endurance in older women.
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Nurhayati, Titing, Hanna Goenawan, Reni Farenia, Adjat Setiadjati Rasjad, and Ambrosius Purba. "KORELASI AKTIFITAS FISIK DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH DENGAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU." JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA 1, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51671/jifo.v1i2.45.
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Pencak silat refers to performance sport requiring good physical condition. This study objective was to investigate the correlation between the physical activities and the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance in female and male player-categorized athletes of pencak silat at Pelatda PON XVII Jawa Barat. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 pelatda athletes. The athletes conducted test of cardiopulmonary endurance using Astrands bench, daily intake was measured by food records 7x24 hours, physical activity was measured by activity records 7x24 hours, body composition was measured by skinfold calliper. The data was analyzed using Pearsons correlation test. The conclusion, there were a close positive correlation of the physical activity to the cardiopulmonary endurance of all subjects, there was also a close negative correlation of the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance of male athletes, while a weak positive correlation of female athletes.
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Nurhayati, Titing, Hanna Goenawan, Reni Farenia, Adjat Setiadjati Rasjad, and Ambrosius Purba. "KORELASI AKTIFITAS FISIK DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH DENGAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU." JURNAL ILMU FAAL OLAHRAGA INDONESIA 2, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51671/jifo.v2i1.73.
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Pencak silat refers to performance sport requiring good physical condition. This study objective was to investigate the correlation between the physical activities and the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance in female and male player-categorized athletes of pencak silat at Pelatda PON XVII Jawa Barat. The subjects of the study consisted of 20 pelatda athletes. The athletes conducted test of cardiopulmonary endurance using Astrand’s bench, daily intake was measured by food records 7x24 hours, physical activity was measured by activity records 7x24 hours, body composition was measured by skinfold calliper. The data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. The conclusion, there were a close positive correlation of the physical activity to the cardiopulmonary endurance of all subjects, there was also a close negative correlation of the body composition (fat percentage) to the cardiopulmonary endurance of male athletes, while a weak positive correlation of female athletes.
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Dharma, I. Kadek Dwi Widhi, I. Putu Prisa Jaya, and I. Made Dhita Prianthara. "The Correlation of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity on Cardiorespiratory Endurance among Elderly." Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v2i2.30.
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Background: Elderly is assumed as a person who has been at the age of 60 and will be some alterations, physical alteration in term ages. The physical alteration that is commonly found in the elderly is a condition of the body mass index that will not be taken care of optimally due to the degenerative factor.
Purpose: This study is aimed at proving the relation of body mass index towards the cardiorespiratory endurance along with the relation of physical activities towards the cardiorespiratory endurance.
Methods: The study design was cross sectional with the population of the elderly in Banjar Alas Arum in which they qualified the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the elderly that had been selected by means of purposive sampling, it was obtained 48 samples. The BMI was measured by formula calculation. The physical activity level was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the cardiorespiratory endurance used 6 minutes walking test. The data were analyzed by software computer which was Somers’ D test.
Results: The result of this study showed that by 48 the relation of BMI towards the cardiorespiratory endurance showed that the result of p was 0.000 (p<0.05). Concerning on the relation of physical activities towards the cardiorespiratory endurance shown that the result of p was 0.000 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a significant relation in this study.
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Eberhard, Yves, Jacqueline Eterradossi, and Bettina Debû. "Biological Changes Induced by Physical Activity in Individuals with Down’s Syndrome." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 14, no. 2 (April 1997): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.14.2.166.
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The effects of exercise and of a physical conditioning program on 11 subjects (7 males, 4 females, aged 15 to 20) with Down’s syndrome (DS) were analyzed. Metabolic responses were evaluated before and after two ergometric cycle exercise tests: an incremental exercise to symptom limited VO2 max. and an endurance test performed at 60% of maximal aerobic power. Plasma substrates, electrolytes, catecholamines, lipoprotein lipid profiles, and superoxide dismutase were assayed immediately before and after these tests. The results indicated (a) a low blood lactate level for peak exercise, (b) slow free fatty acid mobilization at the start of exercise, (c) a low level of cholesterol HDL and a high level of pre-beta VLDL at rest, (d) adjustment to nearly normal lipid profiles with endurance activity, and (e) differences between before and after training for superoxide dismutase levels in subjects with DS. These results suggest that endurance training could have long-term effects on the pathophysiological consequences of DS.
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Katsumura, T., H. Iwane, Y. Ohya, Y. Takanami, T. Hamaoka, Y. Odagiri, and T. Shimomitsu. "CHANGE IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS ACTIVITY AFTER PROLONGED ENDURANCE EXERCISE1029." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-01026.
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Katsumura, T., H. Iwane, Y. Ohya, Y. Takanami, T. Hamaoka, Y. Odagiri, and T. Shimomitsu. "RECOVERY IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS ACTIVITY AFTER PROLONGED ENDURANCE EXERCISE1004." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 29, Supplement (May 1997): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-01003.
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LeBlanc, Paul J., Matthew Mulligan, AnaMaria Antolić, Laura MacPherson, J. Greig Inglis, Dale Martin, Brian D. Roy, and Sandra J. Peters. "Skeletal muscle type comparison of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase activity and isoform expression: effects of obesity and endurance training." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295, no. 4 (October 2008): R1224—R1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90320.2008.
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. PDH is activated by PDH phosphatase (PDP) and deactivated by PDH kinase (PDK). Obesity has a large negative impact on skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism, whereas endurance training has been shown to improve regulatory control of skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism, more so when coupled with obesity. A majority of this literature has focused on PDK, with little information available on PDP. To determine the relative role of PDP in regulating skeletal muscle PDH activity with obesity and endurance training, obese and lean Zucker rats remained sedentary or were endurance trained (1 h/day, 5 days/wk) for a period of 8 wk. Soleus, red gastrocnemius, (RG), and white gastrocnemius (WG) muscles were sampled after the training period. The main findings were 1) obesity resulted in a 46% decrease in PDP activity expressed per milligram extracted mitochondrial protein only in RG, while PDP isoform content was unchanged; 2) 8 wk of endurance training led to a significant 1.4–2.2-fold increase in PDP activity of all muscle examined from obese rats, and the concomitant increase in PDP1 protein was only seen in soleus and RG; 3) 8 wk of endurance training led to a trending 1.4–2.2-fold increase in PDP activity of all muscle examined from obese rats, and the concomitant increase in PDP1 protein was only seen in soleus and RG; and 4) PDP2 protein content was not affected by obesity or training. These results suggest that decreased PDP activity in oxidative skeletal muscles may play a role in the impairment of carbohydrate metabolism in obese rats, which is reversible with endurance training.
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Maśko, Małgorzata, Małgorzata Domino, Tomasz Jasiński, and Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz. "The Physical Activity-Dependent Hematological and Biochemical Changes in School Horses in Comparison to Blood Profiles in Endurance and Race Horses." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041128.
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Blood testing is one of the most important ways to improve performance, facilitate recovery and monitor the training of endurance and race horses. However, little is known about the physical activity-dependent changes of blood parameters in horses used for pleasure and in riding schools. This study aimed to perform routine blood tests for training monitoring of sport horses in three different horse types of use. Then the values of blood indicators were compared between school, endurance and race horses to find similarities in the physical activity-dependent profile. The study was carried out on 15 endurance, 15 race and 15 school healthy horses who underwent the typical effort for their disciplines. The hemogram parameters, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood lactate (LAC), and total serum protein (TSP) concentrations were measured using the same protocol and equipment. Measurements of main hematological and biochemical physical activity-dependent parameters were conducted before, immediately after and 30 min after training. In school horses, the physical activity-dependent increase of WBC (40.9%) and CPK (76.4%) was similar to endurance horses, whereas an increase of RBC (19.1%), HGB (18.6%) and HCT (19.4%) were more similar to race horses. The moderate effort-dependent increase of LAC concentration (2775%) was lower than in race horses (7526%) and higher than in endurance horses (390%). Limiting the training or work monitoring assessment of school horses to only the endurance or racing blood profile may result in the omission of significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.
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Bhardwaj, Rashmi, and Aashima Bangia. "Dynamical Indicator of Human Body’s Physical Endurance." Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmathsci.v2i1.36561.
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Physical endurance is the time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion. Physical endurance involves a multifaceted behaviour which can be understood by complexities. Everyone performs physical activity in order to sustain-life. However, the number of activities done are largely subject to personal choice and varies from person to person as well as for a given person over time. Physical activity like meditation/exercises are positively related to physical fitness. One needs to understand relation between physical activity, exercise, physical fitness and health. These activities can be partitioned mutually exclusively into many different ways. This paper categorizes daily physical activity into three broad subdivisions based on amount of body movements taking place are: (i) light, (ii) moderate and (iii) high intensity. These three characterizations are considered to be mutually exclusive and sum up to total energy spent by an individual. The behavior of the three factors physical activity, heart and energy generated is analyzed with the help of Fast Lyapunov indicator (FLI), Dynamic Lyapunov indicator (DLI), Small alignment index (SALI). FLI’s increase for chaotic orbits for values of R=20, Q=70 for the case of high intensity exercises and to linearly regular orbits for values of R=5, Q=8 and R=10, Q=12 in the cases of light and moderate exercises respectively. SALI’s alters through non-zero value for R=20, Q=70 while it tends to zero for values of R=5, Q=8 and R=10, Q=12. DLI’s the largest Eigen values form a definite pattern/curve for n=2000 for values of R=5, Q=8 and n=100 for R=10, Q=12 respectively as the motion stays regular plus dispersed randomly as the motion is chaotic for n=60 and for R=20, Q=70.
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Boullosa, Daniel, Jonathan Esteve-Lanao, Arturo Casado, Leonardo A. Peyré-Tartaruga, Rodrigo Gomes da Rosa, and Juan Del Coso. "Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners." Sports 8, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8030035.
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Endurance running has become an immensely popular sporting activity, with millions of recreational runners around the world. Despite the great popularity of endurance running as a recreational activity during leisure time, there is no consensus on the best practice for recreational runners to effectively train to reach their individual objectives and improve physical performance in a healthy manner. Moreover, there are lots of anecdotal data without scientific support, while most scientific evidence on endurance running was developed from studies observing both recreational and professional athletes of different levels. Further, the transference of all this information to only recreational runners is difficult due to differences in the genetic predisposition for endurance running, the time available for training, and physical, psychological, and physiological characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present a selection of scientific evidence regarding endurance running to provide training guidelines to be used by recreational runners and their coaches. The review will focus on some key aspects of the training process, such as periodization, training methods and monitoring, performance prediction, running technique, and prevention and management of injuries associated with endurance running.
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Fragakis, Nikolaos, Gabriele Vicedomini, and Carlo Pappone. "Endurance Sport Activity and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation – Epidemiology, Proposed Mechanisms and Management." Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review 3, no. 1 (2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/articles/endurance-sport-activity-and-risk-atrial-fibrillation-epidemiology-proposed-mechanisms-and.
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There is evidence for a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in athletes engaged in long-term endurance sports training compared with the general population. Although atrial anatomic adaptations, alterations in autonomic nervous system, chronic systemic inflammation and fibrosis have been proposed as potential mechanisms, they remain speculative. Medical therapy with long-term antiarrhythmic agents or pill in the pocket medications is hampered by limitations, such as sports eligibility and interference with exercise tolerance. AF ablation represents a valid therapeutic option with results similar to these achieved in other patients. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are needed to confirm whether endurance sport practice affects the maintenance of sinus rhythm following catheter ablation of AF.
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Borkytė, Julija, and Renata Žumbakytė-Šermukšnienė. "TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND DEPENDENCE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC INDICATORS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TYPE IN LITHUANIAN ATHLETES." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 109 (2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i109.191.
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Background. Since athletes have a higher risk to experience cardiovascular system complications, this gives us an important reason for further investigation. Early detection of pathological hypertrophy of the left ventricle may exclude athletes from sports activities and prevent complications and possible death. Methods. In our study, 75 patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The values of left ventricle were measured: left ventricle end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness in diastole (IVSTd), LV posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWTd), LV mass (LVM), LV mass index (LVMI), LV end-diastolic diameter index (LVEDDI). Standard 12-lead ECG was recorded at 25 mm/s and with standard calibration of 10 mm/ mV from a patient in a supine position. Results. When we compared results of LVH according to ECG and TTE, ECG showed higher count of athletes with marginal changes and less LVH compared to TTE in female endurance and male athletes. Moreover, moderate positive correlation between LV mass and R wave size (V5) (r = .617) was found in female endurance athletes. Furthermore, high positive correlation between LVEDD and QRS interval length (r = .911) was found in female strength athletes. Also, moderate negative correlation (r = –.603) between heart electrical axis and R wave size (V5) was found in male endurance athletes. Conclusions. Knowledge of the ECG changes associated with the type and intensity of exercise, race, age and gender can lower the traditionally high number of false positives, thus reducing unnecessary investigations. In our study, ECG showed higher count of athletes with marginal changes and less LVH compared to TTE in women endurance, men strength and endurance groups.
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Roels, B., C. Reggiani, C. Reboul, C. Lionne, B. Iorga, P. Obert, S. Tanguy, et al. "Paradoxical effects of endurance training and chronic hypoxia on myofibrillar ATPase activity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 294, no. 6 (June 2008): R1911—R1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00210.2006.
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This study aimed to determine the changes in soleus myofibrillar ATPase (m-ATPase) activity and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression after endurance training and/or chronic hypoxic exposure. Dark Agouti rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, normoxic sedentary (N; n = 14), normoxic endurance trained (NT; n = 14), hypoxic sedentary (H; n = 10), and hypoxic endurance trained (HT; n = 14). Rats lived and trained in normoxia at 760 mmHg (N and NT) or hypobaric hypoxia at 550 mmHg (∼2,800 m) (H and HT). m-ATPase activity was measured by rapid flow quench technique; myosin subunits were analyzed with mono- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Endurance training significantly increased m-ATPase ( P < 0.01), although an increase in MHC-I content occurred ( P < 0.01). In spite of slow-to-fast transitions in MHC isoform distribution in chronic hypoxia ( P < 0.05) no increase in m-ATPase was observed. The rate constants of m-ATPase were 0.0350 ± 0.0023 s−1 and 0.047 ± 0.0050 s−1 for N and NT and 0.033 ± 0.0021 s−1 and 0.038 ± 0.0032 s−1 for H and HT. Thus, dissociation between variations in m-ATPase and changes in MHC isoform expression was observed. Changes in fraction of active myosin heads, in myosin light chain isoform (MLC) distribution or in MLC phosphorylation, could not explain the variations in m-ATPase. Myosin posttranslational modifications or changes in other myofibrillar proteins may therefore be responsible for the observed variations in m-ATPase activity.
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Koumantakis, George A., Antonios Malkotsis, Stefanos Pappas, Maria Manetta, Timotheos Anastopoulos, Apollon Kakouris, and Eleutherios Kiourtsidakis. "Lumbopelvic sagittal standing posture associations with anthropometry, physical activity levels and trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 41, no. 02 (May 4, 2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013702521500128.
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Background: Various factors, inherited and acquired, are associated with habitual spinal postures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between trunk muscle endurance, anthropometry and physical activity/inactivity and the sagittal standing lumbopelvic posture in pain-free young participants. Methods: In this study, 112 healthy young adults (66 females), with median (IQR) age of 20 years (18.2–22 years), without low back pain, injury or trauma were included. Lumbar curve (LC) and sacral slope (SS) angles were measured in standing with a mobile phone application (iHandy level). Anthropometric, physical activity/inactivity levels (leisure-time sport involvement and sitting hours/day) and abdominal (plank prone bridge test) and paraspinal (Sorensen test) isometric muscle endurance measures were collected. Results: LC and SS angles correlated significantly ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Statistically significant differences for both LC ([Formula: see text]) and SS ([Formula: see text]) angles were identified between the male and female participants. A significant negative correlation was identified between the abdominal endurance time and LC ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]); however, the power of this result (56%) was not sufficiently high. The correlation between abdominal endurance and SS was non-significant ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). In addition, no significant associations were identified between either of the sagittal lumbopelvic angles (LC–SS) in standing and the participants’ body mass index (BMI), paraspinal endurance, leisure-time sport involvement or sitting hours/day. Conclusion: The potential role of preventive exercise in controlling lumbar lordosis via enhancement of the abdominal muscle endurance characteristics requires further confirmation. A subsequent study, performed in a larger population of more diverse occupational involvement and leisure-time physical activity levels, is proposed.
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Taylor, Eric B., Jeremy D. Lamb, Richard W. Hurst, David G. Chesser, William J. Ellingson, Lyle J. Greenwood, Brian B. Porter, Seth T. Herway, and William W. Winder. "Endurance training increases skeletal muscle LKB1 and PGC-1α protein abundance: effects of time and intensity." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 6 (December 2005): E960—E968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00237.2005.
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Recent research suggests that LKB1 is the major AMP-activated protein kinase kinase (AMPKK). Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a master coordinator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Previously we reported that skeletal muscle LKB1 protein increases with endurance training. The purpose of this study was to determine whether training-induced increases in skeletal muscle LKB1 and PGC-1α protein exhibit a time course and intensity-dependent response similar to that of citrate synthase. Male Sprague-Dawley rats completed endurance- and interval-training protocols. For endurance training, rats trained for 4, 11, 25, or 53 days. Interval-training rats trained identically to endurance-trained rats, except that after 25 days interval training was combined with endurance training. Time course data were collected from endurance-trained red quadriceps (RQ) after each time point. Interval training data were collected from soleus, RQ, and white quadriceps (WQ) muscle after 53 days only. Mouse protein 25 (MO25) and PGC-1α protein increased significantly after 4 days. Increased citrate synthase activity, increased LKB1 protein, and decreased AMPKK activity were found after 11 days. Maximal increases occurred after 4 days for hexokinase II, 25 days for MO25, and 53 days for citrate synthase, LKB1, and PGC-1α. In WQ, but not RQ or soleus, interval training had an additive effect to endurance training and induced significant increases in all proteins measured. These results demonstrate that LKB1 and PGC-1α protein abundances increase with endurance and interval training similarly to citrate synthase. The increase in LKB1 and PGC-1α with endurance and interval training may function to maintain the training-induced increases in mitochondrial mass.
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Garcia, Marino A. "Predictors of young adults’ movement capability in physical activity." Physical education of students 26, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0301.
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Background And Study Aim. The purpose of the study is to identify the predictors of the movement capability of the individuals in physical activity.
Materials and Methods. Quantitative descriptive predictive method was employed in identifying the significant relationship of the identified factors that can predict movement capability in physical activity. There were 263 participants in the study from one of the Higher Educational Institutions in Cebu City, Philippines which were randomly sampled using Raosoft Sample Size Calculator. Experts validated research instruments were used and data gathered were analyzed using descriptive (percentile, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multiple regression).
Results. Findings revealed that only three factors: blood type, attitude towards physical activity, and perceived action – scaled affordance were predictors of movement capability and five movement dimensions were influenced by blood type, attitude towards physical activity, and perceived action – scaled affordance. Thus, blood type is predictor to flexibility, accuracy, speed and endurance. On the other hand, attitude towards physical activity is predictor of endurance. While, perceived action – scaled affordance is predictor of strength, accuracy and endurance.
Conclusions. It was concluded that a person’s capability to engage in physical activity is contributed by biological factors (blood type) and psychological factors (attitude and perceived action-scaled affordance). It is recommended that validation study be conducted to strengthen the claims of the identified factors to movement capability of an individual.
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Burns, Ryan D., Timothy A. Brusseau, and You Fu. "Moderators of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Primary School-Aged Children: A Meta-Regression." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081764.
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The purpose of this study was to examine potential moderators of school-based physical activity interventions on cardiorespiratory endurance in primary school-aged children using meta-regression. An Internet search with several databases was employed, extracting school-based pediatric physical activity intervention studies published within the past 30 years. Studies were included if there was a control or comparison group, if the study sample included primary school-aged children, if the targeted outcome of cardiorespiratory endurance was objectively assessed, if the intervention was at least partially school-based, and if the effect estimate’s variability was reported. An inverse-variance random effects meta-regression was employed using the primary predictors of component number (single component or multi-component) and intervention length using 20 extracted studies with 23 total effects. The overall pooled effect on cardiorespiratory endurance was statistically significant (Hedges’ g = 0.30, 95% C.I.: 0.19–0.40; p < 0.001). Using random effects meta-regression, neither component number (b = –0.09, 95% C.I.: –0.40–0.23; p = 0.560) or intervention length (b = 0.001, 95% C.I.: –0.002–0.004; p = 0.427) yielded a significant modifying effect on cardiorespiratory endurance. School-based physical activity interventions have a significant pooled effect on cardiorespiratory endurance in primary school-aged children. Component number and intervention length does not modify this effect, suggesting other sources for between-study heterogeneity.
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Vaskevich, S. "Development of endurance in volleyball players with the help of fitness elements in ZVO." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(126) (July 20, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.6(126).07.
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One of the most important problems of training volleyball players is the development of motor abilities and, in particular, endurance. Many researchers note that endurance is a common property of the human body, which finds a specific manifestation in various types of motor activity, including sports. In other cases, endurance is the ability of the body to perform any physical activity for a long time without reducing its effectiveness, in other words, endurance is opposed to the process of fatigue. A number of authors, along with General and special endurance, distinguish high-speed, high-speed-power, power, local, regional, global, and in some cases universal, long-term, short-term, and static endurance as a type of special endurance. A common component for all types of endurance is volitional tension, through which the intensity is maintained, but up to a certain limit. However, endurance should be distinguished from such a concept as human performance. Despite various formulations, all authors agree that efficiency is the maximum work that a person can do, that is, the ability to perform the maximum amount of work possible for them. Now the effectiveness of aerobics is generally recognized. Aerobics is a set of endurance exercises that last for a relatively long t ime and are associated with achieving a balance between the body's oxygen needs and its delivery. The body's response to increased oxygen demand is called a training effect or positive physical shifts. To develop such physical qualities as endurance, volleyball players need to include various types of physical training in their training. When performing physical exercises, some changes occur in the body: the total volume of blood increases so much that the ability to transport oxygen improves, and therefore the athlete shows greater endurance during strenuous physical exertion. Having analyzed the modern scientific and methodological literature and the latest ways of using fitness varieties. We can say that fitness technologies develop, strengthen, correct and generally improve the physical fitness of athletes, as well as improve the individual physical quality of each athlete, which required more attention. Aerobics helps to cope with physical and emotional stress. Therefore, volleyball athletes who include in their training fitness programs aerobic load much faster improve their physical qualities, namely endurance.
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Zhan, Wen-Zhi, John G. Swallow, Theodore Garland, David N. Proctor, Patrick A. Carter, and Gary C. Sieck. "Effects of genetic selection and voluntary activity on the medial gastrocnemius muscle in house mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 2326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2326.
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In a previous study (J. G. Swallow, T. Garland, Jr., P. A. Carter, W.-Z. Zhan, and G. C. Sieck, J. Appl. Physiol.84: 69–76, 1998), we found that in house mice both genetic selection (10 generations of artificial selection for high voluntary activity on running wheels) and access to running wheels (7–8 weeks) elicited a modest increase in maximal oxygen consumption. Based on these results, we hypothesized that genetic selection would affect the changes in endurance and oxidative capacity of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle induced by wheel access (training response). Wheel access increased the isotonic endurance of the MG in both genetically selected and random-bred (control) mice. However, this exercise-induced improvement in isotonic endurance of the MG was similar between genetically selected and control mice. Wheel access also increased the succinate dehydrogenase activity of MG muscle fibers in both selected and control lines. However, this exercise-induced increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity was comparable between genetically selected and control animals. Taken together, these results indicate that the modest increase in maximal oxygen consumption associated with genetic selection is not reflected by the training-induced changes in oxidative capacity and endurance of MG muscle fibers.
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Bahi, L., N. Koulmann, H. Sanchez, I. Momken, V. Veksler, A. X. Bigard, and R. Ventura-Clapier. "Does ACE inhibition enhance endurance performance and muscle energy metabolism in rats?" Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 1 (January 2004): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00323.2003.
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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in the hydroelectrolytic balance, blood pressure regulation, and cell growth. In some studies, the insertion (I) allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, associated with a lower ACE activity, has been found in excess frequency in elite endurance athletes, suggesting that decreased ACE activity could be involved in endurance performance (Myerson S, Hemingway H, Budget R, Martin J, Humphries S, and Montgomery H. J Appl Physiol 87: 1313-1316 , 1999). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated whether ACE inhibition could be associated with improved endurance performance and muscle oxidative capacity in rats. Eight male Wistar rats were treated for 10-12 wk with an ACE inhibitor, perindopril (2 mg·kg-1·day-1), and compared with eight control rats. Endurance time was measured on a treadmill, and oxidative capacity and regulation of mitochondrial respiration by substrates were evaluated in saponin-permeabilized fibers of slow soleus and fast gastrocnemius muscles. Endurance time did not differ between groups (57 ± 5 min for perindopril vs. 55 ± 6 min for control). Absolute and relative (to body weight) left ventricular weight was 20% ( P < 0.01) and 12% ( P < 0.01) lower, respectively, in the treated group. No difference in oxidative capacity, mitochondrial enzyme activities, or mitochondrial regulation by ADP was observed in soleus or gastrocnemius. Mitochondrial respiration with glycerol 3-phosphate was 17% higher in gastrocnemius ( P < 0.03) and with octanoylcarnitine 14% greater in soleus ( P < 0.01) of treated rats. These results demonstrate that ACE inhibition was not associated with improved endurance time and maximal oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles. This suggests that ACE activity has no implication in endurance capacity and only minor effects on mitochondrial function in sedentary animals.
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Köprülüoğlu, M., İ. Naz Gürşan, D. Solmaz, G. Kabadayi, H. Cinakli, and S. Akar. "AB1287-HPR INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRIP ENDURANCE, DISABILITY OF UPPER EXTREMITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1933.3–1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4230.
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Background:Upper extremity functions affect the quality of life at different levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the current literature; it has been shown that grip endurance is associated with upper limb functions (1). However, there is no study investigating the relationship between grip endurance and quality of life in patients with RA.Objectives:To investigate relationship between grip endurance, disability of upper extremity and quality of life in patients with RA.Methods:In our cross sectional study, 23 RA patients [Mean age; 52.7±12.6, BMI;26.9±5.7 kg/m2, Women;20(87.0%)] who were classified according to the ACR 2010 criteria. Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded (Table 1). Das28 for disease activity score, Static and dynamic grip endurance measurements using Hand Dynamometer (Lafayette Proffessional Hand Dynamometer, USA) for grip endurance, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Survey (DASH) for disabilities and symptoms of upper extremity and Short Form-36 Health Survey for quality of life were performed. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient was used for data analysis.Table 1.Demografic and Clinical Characteristics of PatientsVariables (n=23)Median(IQR 25/75)Age (year)56(41/62)BMI (kg/m2)27,5(21.4/32.0)Disease Duration(year)8(5/15)Morning Stiffness (VAS/mm)38(23/48)Perceived Disability of Hand (VAS,mm)47(25/67)Clinician Disability of Hand (VAS,mm)30(20/39)Number Of Tender Hand Joint2(0/6)Number Of Swollen Hand Joint0(0/1)CRP(mg l)3,3(1.8/7.1)ESR(nm/h)13(6/21)n(%)Morning Stiffness Duratton0-15 minutes8 (34.8)15-30 minutes5 (21.7)30-60 minutes3 (13.0)Longer than 1 hours7 (30.4)Das28Remission11(47.8)Low Activity2(8.7)Moderate Activity7(30.4)High Activity3(13.0)Data is presented median (interquantile range) or percentile (%).Results:Grip endurance was negatively correlated with DASH and positively correlated with many different quality of life parameters, especially physical function, on both the dominant and non-dominant sides (p <0.05). DASH was correlated negatively with SF-36 physical function, rol limitataion due to physical health, pain subparameters and positively correlated with Das28 score (p<0.05).Conclusion:In our study, it was concluded that grip endurance was related to upper extremity functions and quality of life in patients with RA. This result shows that; assessment of grip endurance can be a guide for clinicians who have designed an upper limb rehabilitation program for patients with RA.References:1. VERMA, Chhaya, et al. Correlation of functional ability of the hand with upper limb function and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.J Assoc Physicians India, 2017, 65: 20-4.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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John-Alder, H. B., R. M. McAllister, and R. L. Terjung. "Reduced running endurance in gluconeogenesis-inhibited rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): R137—R142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.1.r137.
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The functional significance of gluconeogenesis in prolonging endurance during submaximal activity was assessed in untrained and endurance-trained rats. Gluconeogenesis was inhibited at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reaction by 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA). Endurance was significantly reduced by 3-MPA in untrained (-32%; P less than 0.005) and in trained rats (-26%; P less than 0.001). Metabolic correlates of fatigue were examined in trained rats. At exhaustion, 3-MPA-treated rats had only 3% of resting hepatic glycogen, 46% of resting white quadriceps glycogen, and 37% of resting blood glucose. All of these substrates were at higher levels in sham-injected controls after the same duration of running (130 min). Glycogen levels in red quadriceps, blood lactate levels, and blood glycerol levels were not different between groups. Plasma free fatty acid levels were elevated to the same extent in both groups after 90 min of activity, remained high at 130 min in controls, but had returned to resting levels in the severely hypoglycemic 3-MPA-treated rats at exhaustion. The results indicate that gluconeogenesis is important for maintaining blood glucose levels and for prolonging endurance time during submaximal activity.
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Rahmawati, Meirisa, and Hadi Riyadi. "HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KEKUATAN DAN DAYA TAHAN TARUNA AKADEMI IMIGRASI DEPOK, JAWA BARAT." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 8, no. 3 (May 16, 2014): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2013.8.3.201-206.
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This study was aimed to observe association between consumption pattern and physical activity with strength and endurance of taruna in Immigration Academy, Depok, West Java. A cross sectional study using 63 taruna as study participant was conducted. The results of study showed that there was significant correlation between nutritional status and strength of taruna (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between adequacy levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C, physical activity with strength and endurance (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation between nutritional status with endurance of taruna (p>0.05).<br /><br /><br />
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Garland, T., and P. L. Else. "Seasonal, sexual, and individual variation in endurance and activity metabolism in lizards." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 252, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): R439—R449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.3.r439.
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Amphibolurus nuchalis were collected in central Australia during mid- (January) and late summer (March). Endurance time at 1 km/h on a motorized treadmill is greater in larger lizards, scaling as M0.65. Maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) scales as M0.96; standard metabolic rate (SMR) scales as M0.83. Factorial aerobic scope thus increases ontogenetically (9.4 at 1 g vs. 15 at 50 g). All organ masses scale allometrically; larger lizards have relatively smaller livers, but larger hearts and thigh muscles. Hematocrit and hemoglobin increase during early ontogeny, but are mass independent in adults. Maximal in vitro catalytic rates were determined for citrate synthase (CS) and pyruvate kinase (PK) in liver, heart, and thigh muscle and for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (lactate oxidation) in heart. All enzyme activities (expressed per g tissue) scale positively, except CS in heart. Females exhibit lower SMR and heart CS activity. March animals exhibit elevated endurance, VO2max, heart LDH, and thigh CS and PK activities. Individual variation in endurance correlates with individual differences in heart LDH and thigh CS and/or PK activities. Individual differences in VO2max are partly related to variation in hematocrit.
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Callahan, Leigh F., Rebecca J. Cleveland, Jack Shreffler, Jennifer M. Hootman, Thelma J. Mielenz, Britta Schoster, Teresa Brady, and Todd Schwartz. "Evaluation of Active Living Every Day in Adults With Arthritis." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 11, no. 2 (February 2014): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2011-0317.
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Background:Adults with arthritis can benefit from participation in physical activity and may be assisted by organized programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 20-week behavioral lifestyle intervention, Active Living Every Day (ALED), for improvements in primary outcomes (physical activity levels, aerobic endurance, function, symptoms).Methods:A 20-week randomized controlled community trial was conducted in 354 adults. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 20 weeks in the intervention and wait-list control groups. The intervention group was also assessed at 6 and 12 months. Mean outcomes were determined by multilevel regression models in the intervention and control groups at follow-up points.Results:At 20 weeks, the intervention group significantly increased participation in physical activity, and improved aerobic endurance, and select measures of function while pain, fatigue and stiffness remained status quo. In the intervention group, significant improvements in physical activity at 20 weeks were maintained at 6 and 12 months, and stiffness decreased.Conclusions:ALED appears to improve participation in physical activity, aerobic endurance, and function without exacerbating disease symptoms in adults with arthritis.
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Рыбина and I. Rybina. "Serum enzyme monitoring in training of elite athletes in endurance sports." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 10, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18567.
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The article presents the results of serum enzymes study in endurance sports. 311 elite athletes were investigated in swimming, biathlon, cycling, cross country skiing, rowing and kayaking. Capillary blood examination was performed on training camps during ten years. We included in statistical analysis 6950 CK tests, 5904 - AST and 5667- ALT. They were analyzed depending on kind of sport, training stage preparation and gender. The physiological serum enzyme ranges of elite athletes were estimated in view of sport, gender differences and stage of preparation. Serum enzyme activity trend was found in endurance sports at various preparation stages of the annual cycle of training. The high individual variation of CK activity was in endurance sports (variation coefficient 65,0-102,9% for men and 44,0-128,8% for women). It revealed the significantly higher CK activity in men compared to women. The trend of CK activity decrease was found from preparatory to competitive period. We examined the excess frequency enzyme activity higher upper limit of reference ranges for healthy individuals. It was 29,0% for CK, 23,2% - AST and 9,3% - ALT.
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Sadaka, Ahmed S., Azmy Faisal, Yehia M. Khalil, Sahar M. Mourad, Mohamed H. Zidan, Michael I. Polkey, and Nicholas S. Hopkinson. "Reduced skeletal muscle endurance and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in adult smokers without airflow obstruction." Journal of Applied Physiology 130, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 976–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00762.2020.
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In adult smokers without airflow obstruction, the contributions of pulmonary and skeletal muscle functions to reduced exercise capacity are unclear. We found that non-COPD smokers had decreased exercise capacity and muscle endurance although strength was preserved compared with never-smoking controls. Exercise endurance was associated with quadriceps endurance and CO transfer factor. Despite similar physical activity levels, smokers developed leg fatigue, breathlessness, and displayed increased ventilation with reduced ventilatory efficiency at lower workloads, without exhibiting ventilatory constraint.
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Moser, Berthold, Katharina Schroecksnadel, Helmut Hörtnagl, Josef Rieder, Dietmar Fuchs, and Marco Gottardis. "Influence of Extreme Long Endurance Sports Activity on Neopterin Excretion." Pteridines 19, no. 1 (February 2008): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2008.19.1.114.
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Abstract Immune system activation has been observed during endurance exercise, but its relevance is largely unclear. We evaluated urinary neopterin excretion in an athlete competing in the Race Across America (RAAM), to determine whether neopterin excretion would indicate that immune system activation occurs during extreme endurance sport. Urinary samples were collected at the day before the race, during the whole RAAM, and, without a physical strain, seven days after the race. Neopterin normalized to creatinine concentration was determined by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were analysed by repeated-measured analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the athlete, urinary neopterin concentration started to increase consistently after the start of the race until day four, followed by a decline thereafter, reaching values close to the starting value. The lowest average neopterin concentration was observed at day seven; this concentration was significantly lower than mean values at days 2- 6 (all p <0.05). Comparing the power output (Watt) with the neopterin concentrations at the same time point revealed a significant correlation (rs = 0.333; p <0.05). A comparison of average daily urinary neopterin excretion mean values between the test and control person showed significant differences at all time points, except for the specimen obtained at day seven. This pilot study supports the hypothesis that extreme long endurance strain at low intensities leads to an activation of the immune system. Neopterin levels could be a convenient tool to assess the immune system activation induced by training in athletes.
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Brick, Noel, Tadhg MacIntyre, and Mark Campbell. "Attentional focus in endurance activity: new paradigms and future directions." International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 7, no. 1 (January 2014): 106–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2014.885554.
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