Relevant bibliographies by topics / Endothermic reaction

Academic literature on the topic 'Endothermic reaction'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Endothermic reaction"

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CONROY, DEVIN T., and STEFAN G. LLEWELLYN SMITH. "Endothermic and exothermic chemically reacting plumes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 612 (October 10, 2008): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008002917.

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We develop a model for a turbulent plume in an unbounded ambient that takes into account a general exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction. These reactions can have an important effect on the plume dynamics since the entrainment rate, which scales with the vertical velocity, will be a function of the heat release or absorption. Specifically, we examine a second-order non-reversible reaction, where one species is present in the plume from a pure source and the other is in the environment. For uniform ambient density and species fields the reaction has an important effect on the deviation from pure plume behaviour as defined by the source parameter Γ. In the case of an exothermic reaction the density difference between the plume and the reference density increases and the plume is ‘lazy’, whereas for an endothermic reaction this difference decreases and the plume is more jet-like. Furthermore, for chemical and density-stratified environments, the reaction will have an important effect on the buoyancy flux because the entrainment rate will not necessarily decrease with distance from the source, as in traditional models. As a result, the maximum rise height of the plume for exothermic reactions may actually decrease with reaction rate if this occurs in a region of high ambient density. In addition, we investigate non-Boussinesq effects, which are important when the heat of reaction is large enough.
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Zhou, Guang Fen, Jie Ren, and Shao Wen Zhang. "Initial Surface Reactions Mechanisms of Atomic Layer Deposition TiO2 Using Ti(OCH3)4 and H2O as Precursors." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.832.

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The initial surface reaction mechanisms of atomic layer depositionTiO2using Ti (OCH3)4and H2O as the precursors are investigated by density functional theory. The ALD process is divided into two half-reactions, i.e., Ti (OCH3)4and H2O half-reactions. The adsorption of Ti (OCH3)4on OH/Si (100)2×1 surface is exothermic. However, the overall reaction of Ti (OCH3)4is endothermic. In addition, H2O half-reactions are endothermic and thermodynamically unfavorable.
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Wu, Jun-Lin, Zhi-Hui Li, Ao-Ping Peng, Xing-Cai Pi, and Xin-Yu Jiang. "Utility computable modeling of a Boltzmann model equation for bimolecular chemical reactions and numerical application." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (April 2022): 046111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088440.

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A Boltzmann model equation (kinetic model) involving the chemical reaction of a multicomponent gaseous mixture is derived based on Groppi's work [“A Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook-type approach for chemically reacting gas mixtures,” Phys. Fluids 16, 4273 (2004)], in which the relaxation parameters of elastic collision frequency for rigid elastic spheres are obtained based on the collision term, and the pivotal collision frequency of the chemical reaction is deduced from the chemical reaction rate that is determined by the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. This kinetic model is shown to be conservative, and the H theorem for an endothermic reaction is proven. In the framework of the gas-kinetic unified algorithm, the discrete velocity method, finite volume method, and implicit scheme are applied to solve the proposed kinetic model by introducing a suitable boundary condition at the wall surface. For hypersonic flows around a cylinder, the proposed kinetic model and the corresponding numerical methods are verified for both endothermic and exothermic reactions by comparison of the model's results with results from the DSMC method. The different influences of endothermic and exothermic reactions are also given. Finally, the proposed kinetic model is also used to simulate an exothermic reaction-driven flow in a square cavity.
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Subbarao, Duvvuri, Reem Hassan Abd Elghafoor Hassan, and Marappagounder Ramasamy. "Heat Transfer with Chemical Reaction in Wall Heated Packed Bed Reactor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.722.

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Information on wall heat transfer to packed bed reactors operating with exothermic or endothermic reactions is scarce. Overall wall heat transfer coefficients in a packed bed reactor in presence of an endothermic reaction are measured and observed to be smaller than the expected in the absence of reaction. This observation is in contrast with the reported observations with exothermic reactions in packed beds. A model equation based on energy balance is presented to explain the observations.
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Sobel, D. R., and L. J. Spadaccini. "Hydrocarbon Fuel Cooling Technologies for Advanced Propulsion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815581.

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Storable hydrocarbon fuels that undergo endothermic reaction provide an attractive heat sink for future high-speed aircraft. An investigation was conducted to explore the endothermic potential of practical fuels, with inexpensive and readily available catalysts, under operating conditions simulative of high-speed flight applications. High heat sink capacities and desirable reaction products have been demonstrated for n-heptane and Norpar 12 fuels using zeolite catalysts in coated-tube reactor configurations. The effects of fuel composition and operating condition on extent of fuel conversion, product composition, and the corresponding endotherm have been examined. The results obtained in this study provide a basis for catalytic-reactor/heat-exchanger design and analysis.
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Selim, Ezzat T. M., M. A. Rabbih, and M. A. Fahmey. "Kinetic Energy Release and Position of the Transition State for С6Н7+ Ions Produced from Isomeric C7H8O Precursors." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 46, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1991-1204.

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Abstract The energetic requirement and mechanisms for CHO' loss from the molecular ions of isomeric C7H8O precursors have been reported. The heat of formation of [C6H7]+ (protonated benzene) was determined and ε* evaluated. Measurement of the kinetic energy release TB gives the energy-partitioning quotients q= TB/εr* which range from 0.38 to 0.99. The energy available and TB are small for the strongly endothermic reaction of benzyl alcohol but increase sharply in the case of the weakly endothermic reaction of anisole. All reactions have "late" transition states, the position X0*of the transition state on the reaction coordinate varying from 0.64 to 0.93
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Stone, John Alfred, Xiaoping Li, and Patricia Anne Turner. "A high pressure mass spectrometric study of proton transfer between tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexamethylbenzene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 2021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-334.

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The proton affinities (PA) of some methylaromatic compounds and the rates of proton transfer reactions have been measured using high pressure mass spectrometry. The equilibria studied were of the form [Formula: see text]. Van't Hoff plots yielded the following PA values (kcal mol−1) relative to PA(ethylacetate) = 200.7 as standard: mesitylene 201.0, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene 203.2, pentamethylbenzene 204.4, hexamethylbenzene 206.6. ΔS0 values for the proton transfer equilibria are not fully determined by changes in rotational symmetry numbers and it is suggested that vibrational and torsional changes must be considered. Proton transfer is slow in both the forward (exothermic) and reverse (endothermic) directions and, in addition, for all except the most endothermic reaction studied (1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene + protonated hexamethylbenzene) the rate constants for proton transfer increase with decreasing temperature. Such behaviour can be associated with the potential energy profile along the reaction coordinate for the reaction. A limited number of charge transfer experiments involving molecular ions [Formula: see text] showed that reaction occurs at every collision in the forward (exothermic) direction and the reaction efficiency in the reverse (endothermic) direction is small but increases with increasing temperature.
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Watt, S. D., H. S. Sidhu, A. C. McIntosh, and J. Brindley. "Chaotic flow in competitive exothermic–endothermic reaction systems." Applied Mathematics Letters 115 (May 2021): 106960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2020.106960.

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Simon, P. L. "Inhibition of flame propagation by an endothermic reaction." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 68, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 537–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/68.5.537.

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Shen, Fan, Shao Long Huang, Zheng Sun, and Qing Jun Ding. "Research on Hardening Mechanism of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt-Epoxy Resin." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.434.

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This article researched the cementation and hardening mechanisms of cement asphalt emulsion and waterborne epoxy mortar by using the XRD, and heat of hydration testing methods. The results of this study show that the mixture of cement with epoxy and cement- asphalt-epoxy are endothermic reaction. There are occurring endothermic reactions between cement with epoxy. The waterborne epoxy resin and basic structure unit of ettringite [Ca3Al(OH)6•12H2O] were reacted and formed Ca-complex at earlier period of hydration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Endothermic reaction"

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Zanfir, Monica. "Catalytic plate reactors for endothermic-exothermic reaction coupling." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270199.

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Lazarovici, Alice Ioana. "Combustion initiation influenced by endothermic reactions and by convection." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400176.

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Babović, Mileta. "Enhanced heat transfer to endothermic reactions by catalytic combustion in small channels." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289262.

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Smith, Bradley Joseph. "Steam-Assisted Catalysis of n-Dodecane as a Jet Fuel Analogue in a Flow Reactor System for Hypersonic Thermal Management." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1577978953025703.

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Giroldo, Tatiana. "Estrutura e energética de íons a partir de processos de dissociação induzidos por radiação infravermelha." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-14082018-112257/.

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Processos de fragmentação são muito utilizados para identificar estruturas em espectrometria de massas. O estudo da dissociação de íons em fase gasosa induzida por radiação infravermelha adiciona dados energéticos aos processos de fragmentação desses íons. O mecanismo de dissociação induzida por radiação infravermelha envolve a absorção seqüencial de fótons, aumentando progressivamente a energia interna do íon até que o limite de dissociação seja atingido. No presente trabalho, a radiação de corpo negro emitida por um fio de tungstênio aquecido é utilizada para promover a dissociação de íons em fase gasosa. A reação é observada em um espectrômetro de massas por transformada de Fourier. Os íons moleculares de o-metilacetofenona, m-metilacetofenona, p-metilacetofenona e o-cloroacetofenona foram estudados com a técnica. A dependência das constantes de velocidade de dissociação com a temperatura de radiação foi explorada, fornecendo valores de energia de ativação de Arrhenius. Os íons estudados apresentaram resultados semelhantes com aqueles obtidos com o íon molecular de acetofenona, com exceção do íon gerado por o-metilacetofenona. Esse íon apresenta valores de constantes de velocidades bem menores e uma energia de ativação bem acima do observado com os outros íons. Tal comportamento levantou a hipótese de isomerização do íon molecular para uma estrutura enólica mais estável. O íon foi então investigado por cálculos teóricos e por reações específicas íon-molécula. Os resultados indicam que a isomerização é possível, o que também explica a lentidão da reação de dissociação observada.
Fragmentation processes are explored in mass spectrometry to identify structures of ions and neutral molecules. The study of ion dissociation reaction in the gas phase induced by infrared absorption also provides energetic data related to the fragmentation processes. The mechanism of the dissociation by infrared radiation involves sequential photon absorption that progressively raises the internal energy of the ion population until the dissociation threshold. In the present work, the blackbody radiation emitted by a heated tungsten wire is used to promote ion dissociation in gas phase. The reaction is observed in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The molecular ions of o-methylacetophenone, m-methylacetophenone, p-methylacetophenone and o-chloroacetophenone were studied with this technique. The dependency of the dissociation rates with the radiation temperature was explored, providing Arrhenius activation energies values. The ions cited above and the molecular ion of acetophenone displayed similar behavior, with the exception of the ion produced by o-methylacetophenone. This ion has dissociation rates much smaller than the others and higher activation energy. This behavior raised the idea of isomerization of the molecular ion to the more stable enolic form. The ion was then investigated with theoretical calculation and with specific reaction with neutral molecules. The results show that the isomerization is possible and this explains the observed slowness of the dissociation reaction.
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Liu, Chang-Che, and 劉昌哲. "Modeling for a Catalytic Plate Reactor Coupling Endothermic Methanol Steam Reforming and Hydrogen Combustion." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19247797344395818304.

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碩士
大同大學
化學工程學系(所)
99
In this work, tubular and plate reactors for carrying out methanol steam reforming reactions are simulated using Fluent software. The simulation results using Fluent software are confirmed by the performance of an isothermal plug flow tubular reactor in which the methanol steam reforming reactions are performed. Among the eight different reactor designs, the catalytic plate reactor packed with small catalyst particles coupling endothermic methanol steam reforming and hydrogen combustion system give the best performance. The conversion of methanol is 0.63 for the isothermal (250℃) plug flow tubular reactor while that for the catalytic plate reactor packed with small catalyst particles coupling endothermic methanol steam reforming and hydrogen combustion system is 0.6 if the mass transfer resistance between the gas reactants and the catalyst particles is not included in the simulation using Fluent software.
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Books on the topic "Endothermic reaction"

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J, Spadaccini Louis, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Applications of endothermic reaction technology to the high speed civil transport. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Sherwood, Dennis, and Paul Dalby. Enthalpy and thermochemistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0006.

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Definition and mathematics of enthalpy. Definition of heat capacity at constant pressure as CP = (∂H/∂T)V. Endothermic and exothermic reactions. Role of the change in enthalpy as regards the direction and spontaneity of a change in state. Enthalpy changes and phase changes. Measuring enthalpy changes by calorimetry. Hess’s law of constant heat formation. Chemical standards and standard states. Standard enthalpies of formation, ionic enthalpies and bond energies. How the change in enthalpy varies with temperature. Kirchhoff’s equations. Applications of thermochemistry to a variety of worked examples, including flames and explosions.
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Book chapters on the topic "Endothermic reaction"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Endothermic Reaction." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 268. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4407.

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Dey, Debasish, and Barbie Chutia. "Modelling and Analysis of Dusty Fluid Flow Past a Vertical Surface with Exothermic and Endothermic Kind of Chemical Reactions." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 45–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3497-0_4.

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"endothermic reaction." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 470. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_51115.

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"Endothermic reaction." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 359. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_4347.

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Oriakhi, Christopher O. "Thermochemistry." In Chemistry in Quantitative Language, 325–43. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867784.003.0020.

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Thermochemistry explores the basic principles of energy changes in chemical reactions. Calorimetry is described as a tool to measure the quantity of heat involved in a chemical or physical change. Quantitative overviews of enthalpy and the stoichiometry of thermochemical equations are provided, including the concepts of endothermic and exothermic reactions. Standard conditions are defined to allow comparison of enthalpies of reactions and determine how the enthalpy change for any reaction can be obtained. Hess"s Law, which allows the enthalpy change of any reaction to be calculated, is discussed with illustrative examples. A presentation of bond energies and bond dissociation enthalpies is offered along with the use of bond enthalpy to estimate heats of reactions.
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Hanlon, Robert T. "The 2nd Law, entropy, and the chemists." In Block by Block: The Historical and Theoretical Foundations of Thermodynamics, 528–42. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851547.003.0039.

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The Thomsen–Berthelot principle together with the thermal theory of affinity theorized that the change in enthalpy of a reaction (dHrxn) is the sole determiner of reaction spontaneity. Exothermic reactions are spontaneous. This theory worked well except for the fact that some endothermic reations are also spontaneous. Gibbs’ work incorporating entropy showed that the true determiner of reaction spontaneity, as well demonstrated in the electrochemical cell, is the change in Gibbs free energy (dGrxn) as quantified by dHrxn − TdSrxn. Included is a discussion of the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation, which quantifies the the impact of temperature on dGrxn and thus on equilibrium.
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Oriakhi, Christopher O. "Chemical Thermodynamics." In Chemistry in Quantitative Language, 344–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867784.003.0021.

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Chemical Thermodynamics discusses the fundamental laws of thermodynamics along with their relationships to heat, work, enthalpy, entropy, and temperature. Predicting the direction of a spontaneous change and calculating the change in entropy of a reaction are core concepts. The relationship between entropy, free energy and work is covered. The Gibbs free energy is used quantitatively to predict if reactions or processes are going to be exothermic and spontaneous or endothermic under the stated conditions. Also explored are the enthalpy and entropy changes during a phase change. Finally the Gibbs free energy of a chemical reaction is related to its equilibrium constant and the temperature.
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"Analysis of an Endothermic Reaction in a Packed Column." In Mathematical Modeling, 160–80. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511626326.011.

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Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "Isoperibol Reaction-Solution Calorimetry." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0012.

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The determination of enthalpies of reaction in solution, using isoperibol reaction-solution calorimetry, is often the easiest and most accurate method of determining enthalpies of formation of compounds that cannot be studied by combustion calorimetry. The technique was pioneered by Thomsen who, between 1882 and 1886, performed thermochemical measurements involving the solution of various substances in liquids (e.g., diluted acids). Many types of isoperibol reaction-solution calorimeters have been developed since then. The designs vary according to the nature of the reactions of interest. One of the most widely used consists of a vessel, such as the one shown in figure 8.1, immersed in a thermostatic water bath. The sample is sealed inside a thin-walled glass ampule A, fixed to an ampule breaking system B in the calorimeter head C. The calorimeter head also supports the temperature sensor D, the stirrer E, and an electrical resistance F, used for calibration of the apparatus. The Dewar vessel G, containing the solution to be reacted with the sample, is adjusted to C. The assembled calorimetric vessel is transferred to the thermostatic bath, and from then on, the experimental procedure closely follows that already described in section 7.1 for isoperibol static-bomb combustion calorimetry. The reaction is initiated at the end of the fore period by pushing down the plunger H and breaking the ampule against a pin situated at the bottom of the ampule breaking system B. As a result of the calorimetric experiment, a temperature-time curve such as the one in figure 7.2 is obtained. Note that figure 7.2 is typical of an exothermic process. In the case of an endothermic process, a decrease of the temperature of the calorimetric system is observed during the reaction period. The experiments are usually carried out at atmospheric pressure and the initial goal is the determination of the enthalpy change associated with the calorimetric process under isothermal conditions, ΔHICP, usually at the reference temperature of 298.15 K. This involves the determination of the corresponding adiabatic temperature change, ΔTad, from the temperature-time curve just mentioned, by using one of the methods discussed in section 7.1; the determination of the energy equivalent of the calorimeter in a separate experiment.
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Kano, Naoki, Zou Ming, David Eva Vanessa Anak, and Muhammad Nabil Md Sari. "Adsorption of Chromium from an Aqueous Solution onto Chitosan Beads Modified with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)." In Sorption [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104093.

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The goal of this research is to make chitosan beads that have been treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to remove chromium (Cr) from an aqueous solution effectively. The successful synthesis of the SDS-chitosan was proven through characterization, which were carried out using by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption of Cr on the SDS material was investigated by varying experimental conditions such as pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The maximum adsorption capacity of SDS-chitosan for Cr(III) was estimated to be 3.42 mg·g−1 and 3.23 mg·g−1 for Cr(VI). Based on the results of adsorption kinetics and isothermal models, the adsorption process conform to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. This indicates that the adsorption of Cr on SDS-chitosan is mainly dominated by chemical adsorption and monolayer reaction. In addition, according to thermodynamic analyses, the adsorption of Cr is an endothermic reaction. These results show that the new adsorbent has obvious application prospect for removing Cr.
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Conference papers on the topic "Endothermic reaction"

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Sobel, David R., and Louis J. Spadaccini. "Hydrocarbon Fuel Cooling Technologies for Advanced Propulsion." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-226.

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Storable hydrocarbon fuels that undergo endothermic reaction provide an attractive heat sink for future high-speed aircraft. An investigation was conducted to explore the endothermic potential of practical fuels, with inexpensive and readily available catalysts, under operating conditions simulative of high-speed flight applications. High heat sink capacities and desirable reaction products have been demonstrated for n-heptane and Norpar 12 fuels using zeolite catalysts in coated-tube reactor configurations. The effects of fuel composition and operating condition on extent of fuel conversion, product composition and the corresponding endotherm have been examined. The results obtained in this study provide a basis for catalytic-reactor/heat-exchanger design and analysis.
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"Analysis of a competitive exothermic-endothermic reaction scheme." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.a3.sharples.

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Yang Chen, Zhijiang Shao, Jixin Qian, Kexin Wang, Zhiliang Zhan, and Zuhua Xu. "Dynamic optimization of multivariable endothermic reaction in cascade CSTR." In 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2010.5553780.

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"Combustion waves from a sequential exothermic and endothermic reaction." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.aa.qian.

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Li, Jing, Shuanshi Fan, Zemin Yao, Jing Li, and Xinli Wei. "Fast Transient and Intensified Heat Dissipation Applicable to High Heat Flux Density." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55408.

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In this paper, in order to solve the problem of intensified heat dissipation in high power electronic devices, a fast transient and intensified heat dissipation technology was put forward by comparing many heat transfer modes based on the analytical study on the existing technologies about heat dissipation at high heat flux density and about fast heat transport. This technology combined spray cooling technology with fast endothermic chemical reaction processes; we summarized the characteristics of media applicable to an environment with transient high heat flux density by comparing various parameters of many sprayed media in the spray cooling process. According to the energy balance of endothermic chemical reactions of relevant media, we determined the media (mainly carbon dioxide hydrate) applicable to the fast transient and intensified heat dissipation technology and presented the conditions for the chemical reactions. We analyzed the methods controlling the instantaneous chemical reaction rate and proposed the structural characteristics of the chemical reactor so as to ensure that the time for heat removal will be control to around 0.01 second. Thus, the problem of fast transient heat dissipation in high power electronic devices, etc. would be radically solved.
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Fukiba, Katsuyoshi, Nobuyuki Tsuboi, and Ryojiro Minato. "Numerical Study on the Heat Transfer of the Flow with Endothermic Chemical Reaction." In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5461.

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Vishnevetsky, Irina, Michael Epstein, and Rahamim Rubin. "Simulation of Thermal and Chemical Processes in Annular Layer of ZnO-C Mixtures." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65013.

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A special setup, electrically heated, is described, enabling the simulation of the process conditions encountered in a solar chemical reactor. The setup allows studying of the thermal and chemical processes in different solid (powder or granules) reactant layers from the beginning of the heating until the reaction is completed, in heating condition typical for indirectly, externally heated solar reactors. Tests were executed with ZnO carboreduction process, using different powder mixtures of ZnO-C to demonstrate the layer-wise character of the reaction. The results show that the reactivity and the behavior of mixtures strongly depend on their components structures, impurities and stoichiometry. This method can be generally applied for studying endothermic chemical reactions involving other solid reactants.
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Yu, Sang-Phil, Seung-Jae Lee, and Kwang-Sup Song. "Micro Heat Exchanger for Gas Phase Reaction." In ASME 3rd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2005-75213.

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Each microstructured stainless steel foil was brazed in vacuum for stacking. Inner surface of micro channels was coated with Al2O3 layer to support Pt catalyst by sol-gel method. The stack was designed like a cross-flow type heat exchanger to perform the combination of exothermic and endothermic reactions simultaneously. It is expected to apply to the micro reformer which produces hydrogen for micro PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell). As the first step in our study, we measured experimentally the heat transfer rate and the spatial temperature distribution of the stack. An then, the reaction of C3H8-air with heat transfer to cold air flow was performed in the stack. As a consequence, quantitative and qualitative thermal characteristics of the stack for reaction were investigated.
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Murray, Nathan R., Mitchell E. Sailsbery, Samuel E. Bischoff, Paul R. Wilding, and Matthew J. Memmott. "Reactor Core Cooling Performance of a Passive Endothermic Reaction Cooling System During Design and Non-Design Basis Accidents." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81896.

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A passive endothermic reaction cooling system (PERCS) is proposed to provide reactor core cooling during a station blackout (SBO). During a SBO, a PWR in which PERCS has been installed has a peak reactor core outlet temperature remains below 640 K (692.3°F) for 30 days, which is well below the nominal accident core outlet temperature during a SBO. During a LOCA, LOFA, and LOHSA, installation of a PERCS has no significant impact on safety performance. It should be noted that the PERCS will represent a minimal heat source (unless the PERCS is very large) during DBAs as emergency systems lower the coolant temperature below the PERCS temperature. A typical PWR with an installed PERCS is modeled using RELAP5-3D. The results of the model demonstrate the high level of passive safety afforded by the PERCS which contributes to the mitigation of SBO consequences without adversely affecting nuclear plant safety during a LOCA, LOHSA, or LOFA. Future work in validating the PERCS as a method of passive safety for existing light water reactors is underway, including the refining the physical design, determining better kinetic and thermodynamic properties for MgCO3, updating the PERCS model, and using a more robust PWR plant model.
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Real, Daniel, and Nico Hotz. "Novel Non-Concentrated Solar Collector for Solar-Powered Chemical Reactions." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18382.

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The purpose of this study is the proof that non-concentrating solar-thermal collectors can supply the thermal energy needed to power endothermic chemical reactions such as steam reforming of alcoholic (bio-) fuels. Traditional steam reformers require the combustion of up to 50% of the primary fuel to enable the endothermic reforming reaction. Our goal is to use a selective solar absorber coating on top of a collector-reactor surrounded by vacuum insulation. For methanol reforming, a reaction temperature of 220–250°C is required for effective methanol-to-hydrogen conversion. A multilayer absorber coating (TiNOX) is used, as well as a turbomolecular pump to reach ultra-high. The collector-reactor is made of copper tubes and plates and a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is integrated in a porous ceramic structure towards the end of the reactor tube. The device is tested under 1000 W/m2 solar irradiation (using an ABB class solar simulator, air mass 1.5). Numerical and experimental results show that convective and conductive heat losses are eliminated at vacuum pressures of <10−4 Torr. By reducing radiative losses through chemical polishing of the non-absorbing surfaces, the methanol-water mixture can be effectively heated to 240–250°C and converted to hydrogen-rich gas mixture. For liquid methanol-water inlet flow rates up to 1 ml/min per m2 of solar collector area can be converted to hydrogen with a methanol conversion rate above 90%. This study will present the design and fabrication of the solar collector-reactor, its testing and optimization, and its integration into an entire hydrogen-fed Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell system.
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Reports on the topic "Endothermic reaction"

1

Prengle, H. W. Jr, W. E. Wentworth, K. C. Polonczyk, M. Saghafi, J. A. Wilking, and K. S. Kramer. Endothermic photo-catalytic reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5284884.

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2

Prengle, H. W. Jr, W. E. Wentworth, K. C. Polonczyk, M. Saghafi, J. A. Wilking, and K. S. Kramer. Endothermic photo-catalytic reactions. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10147020.

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3

Brown, L. F. Simple relationships for estimating intraparticle transport effects for catalytically promoted endothermic reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/307875.

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