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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Endosymbiosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ponce, Toledo Rafael Isaac. "Origins and early evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS047/document.

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Les plastes primaires proviennent d'une cyanobactérie qui a établi une relationendosymbiotique avec un hôte eucaryote. Cet événement a donné naissance au super-groupeArchaeplastida qui inclut les Viridiplantae (algues vertes et plantes terrestres), les Rhodophyta (alguesrouges) et les Glaucophyta. Suite à l'endosymbiose primaire, les algues rouges et vertes ont étendu lacapacité de photosynthèse à d'autres lignées eucaryotes via des endosymbioses secondaires. Bien quedes progrès considérables aient été réalisés dans la compréhension de l'évolution des eucaryotesphotosynthétiques, d'importantes

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Moustafa, Ahmed Bhattacharya Debashish. "Evolutionary and functional genomics of photosynthetic eukaryotes." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/311.

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3

Hraber, Peter T. "Discovering molecular mechanisms of mututalism with computational approaches to endosymbiosis /." Color figures, full content, and supplementary materials are available online, 2001.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New Mexico, 2001.<br>"July, 2001." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-121). Color figures, full content, and supplementary materials are available online via www.santafe.edu/p̃th/dss.

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4

Wisecaver, Jennifer Hughes. "Horizontal Gene Transfer and Plastid Endosymbiosis in Dinoflagellate Gene Innovation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265594.

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Recent studies suggest that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in niche adaptation in some eukaryotes and may be a major evolutionary force in unicellular lineages. One subcategory of HGT is endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), which is characterized by a large influx of genes from endosymbiont to host nuclear genome and is a critical step in the establishment of permanent organelles, such as plastids. The dinoflagellates are a diverse group of mostly marine eukaryotes that have a propensity for both HGT and plastid endosymbiosis. Many dinoflagellates are predators and can ac

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Truitt, Amy Michelle. "Wolbachia-Host Interactions and the Implications to Insect Conservation and Management." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3643.

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Parasitic reproductive endosymbionts are emerging as formidable threats to insect biodiversity. Wolbachia are prevalent maternally inherited intra-cellular bacteria found in >50% of arthropod species. These symbiotic bacteria interact with their hosts in diverse ways, most often they alter host reproduction causing four conditions that all selectively favor infected females: feminization, male killing, parthenogenesis, and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Furthermore, depending on strain-type and host genetic background, Wolbachia are known to affect insect behavior, expand or shift host ther

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6

Teberobsky, Debora Yurman. "Aphis fabae (Scopoli) subspecies their host plant utilization, endosymbiosis and taxonomy (Homoptera: Aphididae)." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245896.

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7

Garrido, Clotilde. "De l’origine des peptides d’adressage aux organites (mitochondries et chloroplastes)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS280.pdf.

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Les mitochondries et les chloroplastes sont des organites de cellules eucaryotes issus d’événements endosymbiotiques impliquant une bactérie et une cellule hôte il y a plus d’un milliard d’années. Aujourd’hui la très grande majorité des protéines présentes dans ces organites sont codées dans le noyau. Le ciblage des protéines cytosoliques vers les mitochondries et les chloroplastes pourrait dériver d’un mécanisme de résistance bactérienne aux attaques de peptides antimicrobiens, ces acteurs majeurs de l’immunité innée, présents dans tous les domaines du vivant. Cette hypothèse se base sur les

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8

Roopin, Modi M. Chadwick Nanette Elizabeth. "Symbiotic benefits to sea anemones from the metabolic byproducts of anemonefish." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1331.

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9

Gerhart, Jonathan Graham. "Evolution and Metabolic Potential of Francisella-like Endosymbionts of Ticks." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3832.

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Endosymbiosis in arthropods involves intracellular bacteria that supply an array of benefits to the host. Endosymbionts likely enhance the health of ticks by provisioning amino acids such as cysteine and tyrosine, and cofactors such as biotin and folic acid that are not available in blood--the sole nutrient source of ticks. Endosymbionts of ticks are of special interest due to their close evolutionary relationship with tick-vectored pathogens that impact livestock and human health. For example, ticks typically contain Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLEs) that are the closest relatives of the hum

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10

Atyame, Nten Célestine Michelle. "Dynamique évolutive des bactéries endocellulaires Wolbachia et des incompatibilités cytoplasmiques chez le moustique Culex pipiens." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20031/document.

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Les Wolbachia sont des α-Protéobactéries endocellulaires transmises maternellement et qui manipulent la reproduction des Arthropodes pour augmenter leur transmission. Chez le moustique Culex pipiens, Wolbachia induit l'incompatibilité cytoplasmique (IC) qui se traduit par une forte mortalité embryonnaire lors de croisements entre individus infectés par des souches incompatibles de Wolbachia. Ce moustique se caractérise par une forte diversité génétique de ses Wolbachia (nommées wPip) et par des patrons d'IC complexes. Nous avons examiné les mécanismes qui façonnent la dynamique de cette associ

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11

Moustafa, Ahmed. "Evolutionary and functional genomics of photosynthetic eukaryotes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/311.

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My dissertation focuses on genome and functional evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes and the design and implementation of computational methods and tools to enable genome-wide studies to investigate these taxa. The work described here is grouped into two major topics, 1) endosymbiosis and genome evolution, and 2) harmful algal blooms. I discuss my work related to endosymbiosis and genome evolution in chapters 2-4. Chapters 5-6 cover the work related to harmful algal blooms. In chapter 1, I introduce the state-of-art of what is known about the history of plastids and evolution of photosynthe

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12

Maire, Justin. "Immune and developmental regulations in host-symbiont interactions in the cereal weevil Sitophilus spp." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI094.

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La symbiose est un phénomène ubiquitaire dans la nature et joue un rôle évolutif majeur. Alors que la communauté scientifique reconnaît désormais l’importance des associations symbiotiques dans de nombreux processus biologiques et pathologiques chez les animaux, la compréhension des mécanismes de contrôle, de tolérance et de modulation des populations symbiotiques est un enjeu majeur. Pour aborder ces questions, j’ai étudié l’association entre le charançon Sitophilus et la bactérie intracellulaire Sodalis pierantonius. Sitophilus héberge son endosymbiote dans des cellules spécialisées, les bac

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Fitzpatrick, Eileen Elizabeth. "First Bacterial Endosymbionts Found in the Phylum Ascomycota." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/675.

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Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Fungi are known to occupy a wide variety of ecological niches and are found globally in virtually all environments. Two members of the smallest of the fungal phylum, the Zygomycota, have also been found to harbor intercellular bacteria initially described as being from or closely related to organisms from the Genus Burkholderia. In this study two microaerophilic members of the species Verticilium from the phyla Ascomycota were characterized. Both appear to carry two bacterial endosymbionts. This is the first evidence of bacterial endosymbionts found within a

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Miller, Lance Delano. "Characterization of the Chemotaxis System of the Endosymbiotic Bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19707.

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Chemotaxis is the process by which motile bacteria navigate chemical gradients in order to position themselves in optimum environments for growth and metabolism. Sensory input from both the external environment and the internal cellular environment are sensed by chemotaxis transducers and transduced to a two-component system whose output interacts with the flagellum thereby regulating motility. Chemotaxis has been implicated in establishing the endosymbiotic relationship between the motile alpha-proteobacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae and its host Pisum sativa, the pea plant.

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15

Genty, Lise-Marie. "Approche in situ de la régulation des interactions arthropode-symbiote." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2324/document.

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La présence de Wolbachia dans les ovogonies assure la transmission verticale de la bactérie à la descendance de l'hôte. Cependant, nous montrons que chez l'hôte Armadillidium vulgare, l'efficacité de l'infection des descendants tient à un enrichissement en Wolbachia au cours de la maturation des ovaires et des ovocytes dû à une sélection en faveur des ovocytes infectés et/ou à l'entrée secondaire de Wolbachia dans les ovocytes en cours de maturation via l'infection des tissus somatiques. Dans ces tissus, nous avons précisé la localisation de Wolbachia au niveau cellulaire et révélé des morphot

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16

Masson, Florent. "Régulations immunitaires et cellulaires impliquées dans le maintien et le contrôle des bactéries endosymbiotiques du charançon des céréales du genre Sitophilus spp." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0116/document.

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Plusieurs insectes se développant dans des milieux nutritionnellement déficients vivent en symbiose durable avec des bactéries intracellulaires (endosymbiotes) qui complémentent leur alimentation et améliorent leur pouvoir adaptatif. Alors que ces associations ont été largement étudiées sur les plans physiologiques et évolutifs, peu de travaux se sont consacrés à l’étude des mécanismes impliqués dans la tolérance et le contrôle des endosymbiotes par l’hôte. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier, chez les charançons des céréales du genre Sitophilus, les particularités moléculaires et immunita

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17

Badawi, Myriam. "Base génétique moléculaire de la féminisation induite par la bactérie endosymbiotique Wolbachia." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2306/document.

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La symbiose est l'un des principaux moteurs de l'évolution. Le génotype du symbiote est capable d'altérer le phénotype de l'hôte, et vice-versa : c'est le « phénotype étendu ». Dans ce contexte, les endosymbioses à Wolbachia sont remarquables. Cette bactérie intracellulaire est un parasite de la reproduction capable d'induire la féminisation des mâles génétiques ou l'incompatibilité cytoplasmique chez ses hôtes crustacés isopodes terrestres. Actuellement, aucun mécanisme moléculaire régissant ces effets n'est connu. Dans le but d'identifier des gènes impliqués dans la féminisation, nous avons

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Binetruy, Florian. "Les communautés microbiennes au sein des populations de tiques : origine, diversité et structure." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG038.

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Le microbiome désigne les communautés écologiques de microorganismes hébergées par un hôte. De nos jours, les microbiomes sont perçus comme de véritables génomes accessoires déterminant le phénotype étendu de leurs hôtes. Les microbiomes, à l’image de leurs hôtes, sont extrêmement divers et structurés par tout un panel de facteurs biotiques, abiotiques et stochastiques. Ces facteurs varient en fonction de l’échelle résolutive concernée : la structure des microbiomes ne sera pas impactée par les mêmes facteurs au niveau de l’individu hôte ou de la métacommunauté d’hôtes. Dans ce contexte fondam

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19

Pittis, Alexandros 1982. "Origin and evolution of eukaryotic compartmentalization." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397755.

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The origin of eukaryotic compartmentalization stands as a major conundrum in biology. Current evidence indicates that the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) already possessed many eukaryotic hallmarks, including a complex subcellular organization. The lack of evolutionary intermediates challenges the elucidation of the relative order of emergence of eukaryotic traits. Central in the discussion is the exogenous origin of mitochondria, ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles derived from an α-proteobacterial endosymbiont. Different hypotheses disagree on whether mitochondria were acquired early or

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20

Voss, Philipp A. [Verfasser], and Annika [Akademischer Betreuer] Guse. "Cellular processes underlying symbiosis establishment in Aiptasia, a model for cnidarian-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis / Philipp Alexander Voss ; Betreuer: Annika Guse." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219303194/34.

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Voss, Philipp Alexander [Verfasser], and Annika [Akademischer Betreuer] Guse. "Cellular processes underlying symbiosis establishment in Aiptasia, a model for cnidarian-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis / Philipp Alexander Voss ; Betreuer: Annika Guse." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219303194/34.

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22

Klein, Antonia [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinze. "Endosymbiosis, Co-option and Recombination: Mechanisms to generate Evolutionary Novelty in the Ant Cardiocondyla obscurior / Antonia Klein. Betreuer: Jürgen Heinze." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080609776/34.

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23

Munoz, Víctor Hugo Anaya. "A theoretical model on the role of lateral gene transfer in the evolution of endosymbiotic genomes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16446.

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Laterale Gentransfer wurde zuerst von Schwartz und Dayhoff (1978) entdeckt, die es aber als eine Exzentrizität werteten und als solche ignorierten. Später, als mehrere DNS- und Eiweißsequenzen sequenziert und raffiniertere Phylogenien rekonstruiert wurden, hat die Rolle an Relevanz gewonnen, die der laterale (oder horizontale) Gentransfer in der evolutionären Geschichte von lebendigen Organismen gespielt hat. Außerdem existiert auch zwischen Endosymbionten und Zellkernen statt. Ich habe ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, das den lateralen Gentransfer zwischen Endosymbionten und dem Zellkern

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24

Dorrell, Richard G. "Coevolution of plastid genomes and transcript processing pathways in photosynthetic alveolates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246266.

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Following their endosymbiotic uptake, plastids undergo profound changes to genome content and to their associated biochemistry. I have investigated how evolutionary transitions in plastid genomes may impact on biochemical pathways associated with plastid gene expression, focusing on the highly unusual plastids found in one group of eukaryotes, the alveolates. The principal photosynthetic alveolate lineage is the dinoflagellate algae. Most dinoflagellate species harbour unusual plastids derived from red algae. The genome of this plastid has been fragmented into small, plasmid-like elements term

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Gueguen, Gwénaelle. "Les communautés endosymbiotiques des insectes vecteurs de virus : diversité bactérienne, effets phénotypiques, conséquences écologiques et épidémiologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10135.

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Les bactéries symbiotiques facultatives, transmises verticalement de mère à descendants, sont connues pour avoir des effets importants sur la reproduction de leurs hôtes (incompatibilité cytoplasmique et biais de sex-ratio), sur l’adaptation à des situations de stress (spécialisation, résistance aux pathogènes et aux fortes températures) ainsi que sur l’évolution de l’ADN mitochondrial par l’induction de balayages sélectifs. Bemisia tabaci est un complexe d’espèces divisé en nombreux biotypes, principalement différenciés sur la base de marqueurs moléculaires (essentiellement mitochondrial). Ce

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26

Merville, Adrien. "Caractérisation de la symbiose bactérienne intracellulaire chez les charançons du genre Curculio et exploration de son rôle dans la coexistence d'espèces d'insectes en compétition." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10130.

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Parmi les théories explicatives de la biodiversité, la théorie des niches propose que des espèces en compétition puissent coexister durablement à la condition qu'elles expriment des différences de caractères phénotypiques conduisant à un partitionnement de leurs niches écologiques. Par ailleurs, l'acquisition de bactéries endosymbiotiques peut être assimilée à une extension du phénotype de l'hôte, susceptible de modifier sa niche écologique. Cependant, l'implication de ces micro-organismes endosymbiotiques dans la structure des communautés d'espèces d'insectes en compétition n'a encore jamais

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Schwartz, Julie A. "A Functional Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Pathway Identified in the Kleptoplastic Sea Slug, Elysia chlorotica." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5576.

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The sacoglossan sea slug, Elysia chlorotica, feeds upon and sequesters plastids from the heterokont alga, Vaucheria litorea, and maintains the metabolically active organelles for up to nine months under starvation conditions while utilizing the photosynthate to survive and reproduce. The photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll a (Chla), is found in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and is responsible for capturing photons of light and converting them into chemical energy. Chlorophyll and its associated proteins involved in the light capturing process are subject to photo oxidative damage and m

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Delafont, Vincent. "Diversité et implication des amibes libres dans la survie et la persistance des mycobactéries non tuberculeuses au sein d'un réseau d'eau potable." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2278/document.

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Les amibes libres sont des microorganismes unicellulaires eucaryotes dont l'écologie au sein des réseaux d'eau potable est mal connue. Les amibes libres représentent un enjeu de santé publique, du fait de leur capacité à favoriser la présence de bactéries potentiellement pathogènes, parmi lesquelles des mycobactéries.Une campagne de prélèvement menée sur le réseau d'eau potable de Paris a permis d'évaluer la diversité des amibes libres et de leur microbiome bactérien, par pyroséquençage ciblant les gènes ribosomaux (16S et 18S). Ces analyses ont suggéré la prédominance des genres Acanthamoeba,

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Ebenezer, ThankGod Echezona. "The genome of Euglena gracilis : annotation, function and expression." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275885.

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Euglena gracilis is a species of unicellular photosynthetic flagellate that inhibits aquatic ecosystems. E. gracilis belongs to the supergroup Excavata, and are an important component of the global biosphere, have biotechnological potential and is useful biological model due to their evolutionary history and complex biology. Whilst the evolutionary position of E. gracilis is now clear, their relationship with other protists such as Naegleria, Giardia, and Kinetoplastids, remains to be investigated in detail. Investigating and understanding the biology of this complex organism is a promising wa

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Ribeiro, Lopes Mélanie. "Un nouveau type de mort cellulaire impliqué dans l’élimination des bactériocytes chez les pucerons : Mécanismes moléculaires et régulations physiologiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI114.

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Les associations symbiotiques sont un moteur majeur de la diversification écologique et évolutive des organismes métazoaires. Chez les insectes qui sont physiologiquement dépendant de bactéries symbiotiques intracellulaires, ces dernières sont hébergées dans un nouveau type cellulaire, les bactériocytes. Ces cellules constituent une énigme fascinante en biologie cellulaire et développementale, les mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant leur dynamique en réponse à la physiologie de l’hôte restant largement méconnue. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé la symbiose entre le puceron du pois (Acyrthos

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Fasth, Ellen. "The metagenomes of root nodules in actinorhizal plants : A bioinformatic study of endophytic bacterial communities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-183997.

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Actinorhizal plants are in symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixating soil bacterium Frankia, which forms nodules in the plant root. However, several studies also report other endophytic bacteria appearing in the nodules, but their function and interaction with the host plant or Frankia is not yet understood. This thesis used a bioinformatic approach to investigate the metagenomes of eighteen actinorhizal nodule samples to find out which bacteria are present, how the microbiomes differed from each other, and if the genomes of non-Frankia inhabitants could give indications of any functions. The resul

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Viale, E. "Symbiotic bacteria inhabiting tephritid flies: a worldwide specific interaction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424062.

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Several insect lineages have evolved mutualistic associations with their symbiotic bacteria. This is the case of some members of Tephritinae, the most specialized subfamily of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), harboring co-evolved and vertically transmitted bacterial symbionts in their midgut, known as ‘Candidatus Stammerula spp.’. In the tephritid fly Bactrocera oleae, the major olive pest, symbionts are located in the oesophageal bulb, a diverticulum of the fly head, and designated as ‘Candidatus Erwinia dacicola’. This research, based on two main studies, is focused on different aspects

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Henicka, Gracieli da Silva. "O ensino introdutório da teoria da endossimbiose sequencial a luz da teoria da complexidade na educação de jovens e adultos, no município de Alta Floresta, MT." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/263.

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Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-04-04T16:50:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Gracieli da Silva Henicka.pdf: 44621169 bytes, checksum: 0564cd576f5da3c9d3914ef63b1ae491 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T16:08:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Gracieli da Silva Henicka.pdf: 44621169 bytes, checksum: 0564cd576f5da3c9d3914ef63b1ae491 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T16:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Gracieli da Silva Henicka.pdf: 44621169 bytes, checksum: 0564cd576f5da3c9d3914ef63b1a

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Klasson, Lisa. "Genome Evolution in Maternally Inherited Insect Endosymbionts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolution, Genomics and Systematics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5885.

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<p>Symbiosis is a widely common phenomenon in nature and has undoubtedly contributed to the evolution of all organisms on earth. Symbiotic associations can be of varying character, such as parasitic or mutualistic, but all imply a close relationship. To study the evolution of genomes of insect endosymbionts, we have sequenced the genomes of the mutualist <i>Buchnera aphidicola</i> from the aphid <i>Schizaphis graminum</i> (Sg) and the reproductive manipulator <i>Wolbachia pipientis</i> strain wRi from <i>Drosophila simulans</i> that show strikingly different evolutionary patterns. </p><p>The c

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Gangaeva, Anna Evgenyevna. "Genome degeneration in obligate parasites and endosymbionts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4086.

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Microorganisms are a goidmine for evolutionary genetics as their genomes can evolve at an extraordinary rate which results in some of the most extravagant adaptations in terms of genome structure and function as well as survival in the most unusual environments. One trend observed in several evolutionary scenarios is genome degeneration. It is most prominent in endosymbionts and obligate intracellular parasites and is a consequence of many constraints encountered in the intracellular environment. The process involves loss of many protein-coding genes, resulting in greater dependence on the hos

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Dale, Colin. "The secondary (S-) endosymbionts of Glossina spp." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243102.

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Heyworth, Eleanor. "Insect facultative endosymbionts : phenotypic effects and competitive interactions." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11854/.

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Facultative endosymbionts are ubiquitous in insect populations, and can affect a wide range of ecological and life-history traits. Symbiont infections, therefore, have the potential to affect insect responses to natural enemies and climate warming. Aphids are a model for endosymbiont research, and the work in this thesis uses pea aphids to explore symbiont effects and interactions. We manipulate symbiont infections in clonal genotypes of aphids to investigate the phenotypic effects of microbial infection and expose the insects to a range of stress and fecundity tests. We find that a single spe

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Saeed, Abiya. "CHARACTERIZING THE MATERNALLY INHERITED ENDOSYMBIONTS OF SOLITARY BEES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/10.

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Solitary bees are important pollinators of crops, with species in the family Megachilidae (mason bees) being used for orchard pollination. Commercial movement of these bees also moves their microbiota, including bacterial endosymbionts capable of reproductive manipulation. To test for presence of these bacteria, I screened commercially available species of US orchard pollinators and locally captured solitary bees from Kentucky. I also set up mason bee boxes in five apple orchards to examine recruitment of local pollinators. I conducted 454-pyrosequencing to determine bacterial diversity within

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Ellegaard, Kirsten Maren. "Genome Evolution and Niche Differentiation of Bacterial Endosymbionts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär evolution, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217724.

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Most animals contain chronic microbial infections that inflict no harm on their hosts. Recently, the gut microflora of humans and other animals have been characterized. However, little is known about the forces that shape the diversity of these bacterial communities. In this work, comparative genomics was used to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of host-adapted bacterial communities, using Wolbachia infecting arthropods and Lactobacteria infecting bees as the main model systems. Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacteria that cause reproductive disorders in arthropods, such as feminizati

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Arab, Daej A. Kh A. M. "Insects and their endosymbionts: phylogenetics and evolutionary rates." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25760.

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Obligate mutualistic intracellular endosymbionts have been acquired multiple times over the last few hundred million years by common ancestors of several major insect taxonomic groups. These ancient associations between hosts and endosymbionts mean that the phylogenies of the symbiotic partners are congruent. This allows the use of endosymbiont molecular phylogenies to resolve host relationships. Bacterial endosymbionts evolve under strong host-driven selection. Factors influencing host evolution might affect symbionts in similar ways, potentially leading to correlations between the molecular

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Fattouh, Nour. "Caractérisation du mode de vie intracellulaire des endosymbiotes Wolbachia." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT079.

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Les bactéries intracellulaires Wolbachia ont développé une vaste gamme d’interactions symbiotiques, du parasitisme reproductif au mutualisme chez les arthropodes terrestres et les nématodes filaires, devenant ainsi les endosymbiotes les plus répandus sur terre. Bien qu’elles se développent lentement dans les cultures cellulaires d’insectes pour lesquelles les marqueurs sont limités et qu’elles ne sont génétiquement pas manipulables, il existe un intéret croissant de déchiffrer leur mode de vie intracellulaire pour 2 raisons. Premièrement, Wolbachia intervient dans le développement et la transm

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Christophersen, Claus. "Grain and artificial stimulation of the rumen change the abundance and diversity of methanogens and their association with ciliates." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0114.

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[Truncated abstract] In Australia, there is pressure to reduce the amount of methane produced by ruminant livestock because they are the single largest source of methane emitted from anthropogenic sources, accounting for 70.7% of agricultural methane emissions. In addition, methane production represents a loss of gross energy intake to the animal. The organisms that are responsible for methane production in the animal gut are a distinct group of Archaea called methanogens. Methanogens occupy three different niches within the rumen. Some live freely in the rumen digesta (planktonic), others are

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Belda, Cuesta Eugeni. "Genome evolution and systems biology in bacterial endosymbionts of insects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/57466.

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Gene loss is the most important event in the process of genome reduction that appears associated with bacterial endosymbionts of insects. These small genomes were derived features evolved from ancestral prokaryotes with larger genome sizes, consequence of a massive process of genome reduction due to drastic changes in the ecological conditions and evolutionary pressures acting on these prokaryotic lineages during their ecological transition to host-dependent lifestyle. In the present thesis, the process of genome reduction is studied from different perspectives. In the first chapter, genome r

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Curry, Meghan M. "Endosymbiotic prevalence and reproductive manipulation of the spider Mermessus fradeorum." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/6.

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Spiders are host to a plethora of heritable endosymbiotic bacteria. Broad-taxa screening studies indicate that endosymbionts are particularly common among spiders, however, little is known about how these bacteria affect their spider hosts. In insects these bacteria ensure vertical transmission by either conveying a benefit to the host or manipulating host reproduction to eliminate males that serve as evolutionary dead-ends for maternally-inherited bacteria. Common modes of reproductive manipulation include parthenogenesis, male killing, feminization, and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Screening

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Fontanez, Kristina. "Evolution of Deep-Sea Mussels (Bathymodiolinae) and Their Chemosynthetic Endosymbionts." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10083.

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Symbiosis is one of the most widespread evolutionary strategies on Earth. In the deep-sea, symbioses between chemosynthetic bacteria and invertebrates are abundant at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. These mutualisms, in which symbiont carbon fixation provides for host nutrition, are analogous to the ancient endosymbioses that resulted in the chloroplast and the eukaryotic mitochondrion. However, the evolutionary processes that led to the widespread dispersal of deep-sea organisms and the mechanisms by which symbioses are initiated and maintained are poorly characterized. This thesis examine

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Hirakawa, Carlos Eduardo. "Modelando evolução por endossimbiose." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2478.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma modelagem analítica para o processo evolucionário formulado pela Teoria da Evolução por Endossimbiose representado através de uma sucessão de estágios envolvendo diferentes interações ecológicas e metábolicas entre populações de bactérias considerando tanto a dinâmica populacional como os processos produtivos dessas populações. Para tal abordagem é feito uso do sistema de equações diferenciais conhecido como sistema de Volterra-Hamilton bem como de determinados conceitos geométricos envolvendo a

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Müller, Johann. "Étude des impacts des composés organiques au sein des écosystèmes planctoniques : facilitation, interférence et signaux moléculaires." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066492.

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Les mécanismes tels que le recyclage des nutriments ou la diversification du vivant jouent un rôle prépondérant dans le fonctionnement et la structuration de la biosphère. Ces mécanismes sont régulés selon différents processus participant au fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Les relations intra et inter spécifiques contrôlant la mosaïque des communautés et son impact sur l’environnement, sont à la base de ce fonctionnement et leur étude est par conséquent essentielle pour la compréhension et la gestion de la biosphère. Lors de mon travail de thèse, je me suis intéressé plus particulièrement à l’

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Hadfield, S. J. "Interactions between the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia and its Drosophila melanogaster host." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393443.

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Hoffman, Michele Therese. "Bacterial Endosymbionts of Endophytic Fungi: Diversity, Phylogenetic Structure, and Biotic Interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196079.

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This dissertation comprises a series of studies designed to explore the associations between plants and the endophytic fungi they harbor in their above-ground tissues. By viewing endophyte diversity in ecologically and economically important hosts through the lenses of phylogenetic biology, microbiology, and biotechnology, this body of work links plant ecology with newly discovered symbiotic units comprised of endophytic fungi and the bacteria that inhabit them.This work begins with a large-scale survey of endophytic fungi from native and non-native Cupressaceae in Arizona and North Carolina.

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Taraphdar, Tanushree. "Molecular genetic characterization of wolbachia endosymbionts in dipteran pest of silkworm." Thesis, Vidyasagar University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1392.

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