Academic literature on the topic 'Endophytic'

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Journal articles on the topic "Endophytic"

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Hata, Kunihiko, Kazuyoshi Futai, and Mitsuya Tsuda. "Seasonal and needle age-dependent changes of the endophytic mycobiota in Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora needles." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-177.

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Monthly changes in the endophytic mycobiota in Pinus thunbergii Parl. and Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. needles were detected by tissue culture. Endophytic mycobiota of these pine needles were dominated by four taxa: the Leptostroma anamorph of the Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad. ex Hook.) Chev. complex, Phialocephala sp., Cenangium ferruginosum Fr.:Fr., and an unidentified hyphomycete species (BrS). The mycobiota differed with host pine species, position on the needle, and needle age. Virtually no endophytes were detected in needles just after emergence, but most segments of the older needles harbored endophytes. The endophytic mycobiota changed slowly with needle aging, except for the periods of rapid increase in the detection frequency of Leptostroma and Phialocephala sp. Detection frequency of Leptostroma, the most frequently detected endophyte taxon in the needles of the two pine species, continuously increased with needle aging, while that of Phialocephala sp., the endophyte mainly detected from the basal segments of Pinus densiflora, slowly decreased with needle aging after a massive emergence in current-year needles.Key words: Pinus thunbergii, Pinus densiflora, pine needle, endophytic fungi.
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Arnold, A. Elizabeth, Alison H. Harrington, Jana M. U'Ren, Shuzo Oita, and Patrik Inderbitzin. "Two new endophytic species enrich the Coniochaeta endophytica / C. prunicola clade: Coniochaeta lutea sp. nov. and C. palaoa sp. nov." Plant and Fungal Systematics 66, no. 1 (July 2021): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2021-0006.

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Coniochaeta (Coniochaetaceae, Ascomycota) is a diverse genus that includes a striking richness of undescribed species with endophytic lifestyles, especially in temperate and boreal plants and lichens. These endophytes frequently represent undescribed species that can clarify evolutionary relationships and trait evolution within clades of previously classified fungi. Here we extend the geographic, taxonomic, and host sampling presented in a previous analysis of the clade containing Coniochaeta endophytica, a recently described species occurring as an endophyte from North America; and C. prunicola, associated with necroses of stonefruit trees in South Africa. Our multi-locus analysis and examination of metadata for endophyte strains housed in the Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium at the University of Arizona (ARIZ) (1) expands the geographic range of C. endophytica across a wider range of the USA than recognized previously; (2) shows that the ex-type of C. prunicola (CBS 120875) forms a well-supported clade with endophytes of native hosts in North Carolina and Michigan, USA; (3) reveals that the ex-paratype for C. prunicola (CBS 121445) forms a distinct clade with endophytes from North Carolina and Russia, is distinct morphologically from the other taxa considered here, and is described herein as Coniochaeta lutea; and (4) describes a new species, Coniochaeta palaoa, here identified as an endophyte of multiple plant lineages in the highlands and piedmont of North Carolina. Separation of CBS 120875 and CBS 121445 into C. prunicola sensu stricto and C. lutea is consistent with previously described genomic differences between these isolates, and morphological and functional differences among the four species (C. endophytica, C. prunicola, C. palaoa, and C. lutea) underscore the phylogenetic relationships described here. The resolving power of particular loci and the emerging perspective on the host- and geographic range of Coniochaeta and the C. endophytica / C. prunicola clade are discussed.
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Torres, M. S., A. P. Singh, N. Vorsa, T. Gianfagna, and J. R. Author. "Were endophytes pre-adapted for defensive mutualism?" NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (January 1, 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3087.

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Defensive mutualism in many grass endophytes involves herbivore deterrence, enhanced disease suppression and drought tolerance. According to our current understanding of the mechanisms, these defensive effects are unique features of the fungi and specific fungal qualities are responsible for each. We examined a selection of species of family Clavicipitaceae for defensive traits including ergot alkaloids and loline production and development of endophytic and epiphytic mycelial states. When features responsible for defensive effects are mapped onto phylogenetic trees showing relationships in the family, it is apparent that all defensive features of endophytic fungi pre-existed evolution of endophytism. We suggest that once endophytism evolved, the alkaloids and other fungal-mediated defensive features switched from previous functions to serve host defense functions. Defensive mutualism in the Clavicipitaceae endophytes naturally evolved through use of pre-existing fungal features after the step to endophytism was made. Keywords: Clavicipitaceae, defensive mutualism, endophytes, ergot alkaloids, loline alkaloids
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Helander, M. L., T. N. Sieber, O. Petrini, and S. Neuvonen. "Endophytic fungi in Scots pine needles: spatial variation and consequences of simulated acid rain." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-135.

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Within- and among-tree variation in assemblages of endophytic fungi in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles were studied in a subarctic area where background pollution values are low; the effects of tree density and prolonged simulated acid rain on the occurrence of endophytic fungi were investigated. The needle endophyte most frequently isolated was Cenangium ferruginosum, accounting for 64% of all fungal individuals, followed by Cyclaneusma minus (12% of all individuals). Old needles were colonized more frequently by endophytes than young ones. In young needles the colonization by endophytes increased during the summer, whereas in old ones no seasonal variation was detected. Endophyte colonization was positively correlated with stand density and was reduced on pines treated with spring water acidified with either sulphuric acid alone or in combination with nitric acid. In contrast, nitric acid alone did not affect endophyte colonization. Key words: endophytes, needles, pine, Pinus, simulated acid rain, stand density.
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Ancheeva, Elena, Georgios Daletos, and Peter Proksch. "Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 11 (April 23, 2020): 1836–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190916144709.

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Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.
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Hata, Kunihiko, and Kazuyoshi Futai. "Endophytic fungi associated with healthy pine needles and needles infested by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-040.

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The endophytic mycobiota of the galls of pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, and healthy current-year needles of Pinus densiflora and the F2 hybrid pine (Pinus thunbergii × (P. thunbergii × P. densiflora)) was compared. Phialocephala sp. was the dominant endophyte isolated from the galls and from the basal regions of healthy needles. Species richness in endophytes was facilitated in galls compared to the basal region of healthy needles, and the commencement of their colonization was hastened in galls. In the early stages of gall formation, however, no endophyte was isolated, suggesting that gall endophytes are not carried into the galls by the midge. Endophytes of healthy and galled pine needles were divided into two groups: position-specific fungi, which showed intrinsically restricted distributions on needles; and gall-specific fungi. These two groups might represent different ecological groups of endophytes. Possible interactions between endophytes and the pine needle gall midge are also discussed. Key words: endophytic fungi, Pinus densiflora, F2 hybrid pine, pine needle gall midge.
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Baroncelli, Riccardo, Daniele Da Lio, Giovanni Vannacci, and Sabrina Sarrocco. "Genome Resources for the Endophytic Fungus Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 9 (September 2020): 1098–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0097-a.

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Paraphaeosphaeria genus includes plant pathogens or biocontrol agents as well as bioremediators and endophytic fungi. Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa 10515 was isolated in 2013 as an endophyte of Festuca spp. collected on Mount Etna at 1,832 meters above sea level. Here, we present the first-draft whole-genome sequence of a P. sporulosa endophytic isolate. This data will be useful for future research on understanding the genetic bases of endophytism.
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Heviefo, Gabriel A., Seth W. Nyamador, Seth W. Nyamador, Benjamin D. Datinon, Isabelle A. Glitho, and Manuele Tamò. "Comparative efficacy of endophytic versus foliar application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against the crucifer diamondback moth larvae for sustainable cabbage protection." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 1448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.22.

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In recent investigations, Beauveria bassiana has been reported to be pathogenic to insect, endophytically colonize cabbage plants and may, therefore, be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In this study, the comparative efficacy of endophytic and foliar application of B. bassiana was assessed on different larval instars of P. xylostella. Cabbage plants were inoculated with B. bassiana conidia using seed coating and root soaking methods. Six weeks after plant endophytic inoculation, larval instars 2, 3 and 4 of P. xylostella were released on endophytic plant leaves without fungal spraying, on non-endophytic leaves sprayed immediately with fungal formulation and on untreated control leaves. Our results indicate that the average mortality rates of larval instars 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) on plants colonized by the endophyte than non-inoculated, untreated control plant. Similarly, significant differences were obtained between the foliar spraying of the fungus (corrected mortalities ≥ 96.72%) and the endophytic applications (corrected mortalities ≤ 57.61 %). In endophytic treatments, larval mortality rates varied with larval age. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of B. bassiana endophytism in cabbage.Keywords: Fungal endophyte, foliar application, cabbage plant, Plutella xylostella, larval mortality, cadaver sporulation.
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WA, Elkhateeb. "Actinotherapy: Highlights on the Pharmaceutical Potentials of Actinomycetes." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000194.

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Endophytes are microorganisms that are associated with the plant tissues without having any harmful effect on the host plant. Various medicinal plants are valuable sources of endophytic actinobacteria that exhibit high economic impact. The endophytic microbes can synthesis a wide range of novel compounds that found great applications in agricultural, pharmaceutical, as well as other industries. It is noteworthy to focus the current research on valuable applications of these microbial populations that could help in solving many problems related to the environment, agriculture, and health. Moreover, the characterization of different endophytic actinobacteria that are associated with valuable medicinal plants may help understanding plant- endophyte interactions. The current review discusses the diversity of endophytic actinobacteria rich in therapeutic agents that have been known for their medicinal applications.
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Conn, Vanessa M., and Christopher M. M. Franco. "Effect of Microbial Inoculants on the Indigenous Actinobacterial Endophyte Population in the Roots of Wheat as Determined by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 6407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6407-6413.2004.

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ABSTRACT The effect of single actinobacterial endophyte seed inoculants and a mixed microbial soil inoculant on the indigenous endophytic actinobacterial population in wheat roots was investigated by using the molecular technique terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Wheat was cultivated either from seeds coated with the spores of single pure actinobacterial endophytes of Microbispora sp. strain EN2, Streptomyces sp. strain EN27, and Nocardioides albus EN46 or from untreated seeds sown in soil with and without a commercial mixed microbial soil inoculant. The endophytic actinobacterial population within the roots of 6-week-old wheat plants was assessed by T-RFLP. Colonization of the wheat roots by the inoculated actinobacterial endophytes was detected by T-RFLP, as were 28 to 42 indigenous actinobacterial genera present in the inoculated and uninoculated plants. The presence of the commercial mixed inoculant in the soil reduced the endophytic actinobacterial diversity from 40 genera to 21 genera and reduced the detectable root colonization by approximately half. The results indicate that the addition of a nonadapted microbial inoculum to the soil disrupted the natural actinobacterial endophyte population, reducing diversity and colonization levels. This was in contrast to the addition of a single actinobacterial endophyte to the wheat plant, where the increase in colonization level could be confirmed even though the indigenous endophyte population was not adversely affected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Endophytic"

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Heesch, Svenja, and n/a. "Endophytic phaeophyceae from New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Botany, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060901.141241.

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The aims of this study were to find endophytic brown algae in marine macroalgae from New Zealand, isolate them into culture and identify them using morphological as well as molecular markers, to study the prevalence of pigmented endophytes in a representative host-endophyte relationship, and to reveal the ultrastructure of the interface between the obligate parasite Herpodiscus durvillaeae (LINDAUER) SOUTH and its host Durvillaea antarctica (CHAMISSO) HARRIOT. Three species of pigmented endophytic Phaeophyceae were isolated from New Zealand macrophytes. They were distinguished based on morphological characters in culture, in combination with their distribution among different host species and symptoms associated with the infection of hosts. ITS1 nrDNA sequences confirmed the identity of two of the species as Laminariocolax macrocystis (PETERS) PETERS in BURKHARDT & PETERS and Microspongium tenuissimum (HAUCK) PETERS. A new genus and species, Xiphophorocolax aotearoae gen. et sp. ined., is suggested for the third group of endophytic Phaeophyceae. Three genetic varieties of L. macrocystis as well as two varieties each of M. tenuissimum and X. aotearoae were present among the isolates. L. macrocystis and X. aotearoae constitute new records for the marine flora of the New Zealand archipelago, on genus and species level. The red algal endophyte Mikrosyphar pachymeniae LINDAUER previously described from New Zealand is possibly synonymous with Microspongium tenuissimum. The prevalence of infection by Laminariocolax macrocystis was investigated in three populations of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Otago coast. Two of the populations situated inside and at the entrance of Otago Harbour showed high infection rates (average between 95 and 100%), while an offshore population was less infected (average of 35%). The phylogenetic affinities of the parasitic brown alga Herpodiscus durvillaeae, an obligate endophyte of Durvillaea antarctica (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in New Zealand, were investigated. Analyses combined nuclear encoded ribosomal and plastid encoded RuBisCO genes. Results from parsimony, distance and likelihood methods suggest a placement of this species within the order Sphacelariales. Even though H. durvillaeae shows a reduced morphology, molecular data were supported by two morphological features characteristic for the Sphacelariales: the putative presence of apical cells and the transistory blackening of the cell wall with 'Eau de Javelle'. Ultrastructural sections showed evidence for a symplastic contact between the cells of the parasite H. durvillaeae and its host D. antarctica. Within the host cortex, parasite cells attack the fields of plasmodesmata connecting host cells. In these areas, parasite cells squeeze between the host cells and form secondary plasmodesmata connecting the primary plasmodesmata of the host cells with the cytoplasma of the parasite cell. Moreover, despite being described as lacking pigments, H. durvillaeae possesses a rbcL gene, and its plastids show red autofluorescence in UV light, suggesting the presence of a possibly reduced, but functional photosynthetic apparatus. Vestigial walls between developing spores in the 'secondary unilocular sporangia' of H. durvillaeae confirm the identity of these sporangia as plurilocular gametangia, derived from reduced gametophytes which were entirely transformed into gametangia.
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Davis, Emily L. "Saprotrophic Capacity of Endophytic Fungi." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9179.

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Endophytic fungi inhabit the living tissue of a host plant for at least a portion of their life cycle. While some researchers have shown that various endophytic fungi participate in litter decomposition, we do not know whether such fungi are actually saprotrophic, meaning that they can obtain energy from litter. Therefore, I determined if endophytic fungi are saprotrophs using leaf litter as the energy source. All 49 tested isolates were found to be saprotrophic. To compare the saprotrophic capacities of fungi from different habitats, which produce different types of litter, a universal litter proxy needs to be used. I hypothesized that pure cellulose would be an adequate proxy for litter for in vitro studies because of its abundance in litter. This was tested in the first study. Saprotrophic capacity on pure cellulose was not highly correlated with that on leaf litter. I conclude, therefore, that cellulose may not be a good proxy for leaf litter. Some endophytic fungi are biotrophs, presumably acquiring energy from photosynthate produced by the host plant. This suggests that the level of exposure to sunlight by the plant should influence the competitive ability of such fungi. If saprotrophic endophytic fungi do exist, they ought to be less competitive against biotrophic endophytic fungi in leaves receiving full sunlight than in shaded leaves. I, therefore, hypothesized that the frequency of saprotrophy will be influenced by the level of sun exposure of the leaf from which the fungi were isolated. This was tested in the second study. Moreover, because closely related organisms ought to be more similar to each other than more distantly related organisms, I also hypothesized that saprotrophic capacity has a strong phylogenetic component, which was also tested in the second study. Unexpectedly, isolate identity within genus accounted for far more variability in saprotrophic capacity than genus identity, and sun exposure did not have a significant effect on saprotrophy. These results suggest that saprotrophic capacity may not be highly consequential in the ecology of these organisms.
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BRANNOCK, JILL MARIE. "CHARACTERIZATION OF ROOT ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100806990.

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Athman, Shahasi Yusuf. "Host-endophyte-pest interactions of endophytic Fusarium oxysporum antagonistic to Radopholus similis in banana (Musa spp.)." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12072006-105803.

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Björken, Lars. "Detection of endophytic fungi in aspen." Thesis, Umeå University, Plant Physiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24769.

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Endophytes are mutualistic fungi living in green tissue of all plants examined so far.Some of these fungi can produce compounds that are beneficial to the host plant, and it isalso known that some pathogenic fungi live parts of their lives as endophytes. Endophyticinteractions have been well characterized in various grasses, but much is unknown abouttheir interactions with trees. One reason for this is that the fungal biodiversity is muchlarger among endophytes in trees than in grasses, another is that screening for endophytestakes a lot of work. The goal of this thesis work was to develop a polymerase chainreaction (PCR) based method that is simple, fast and reliable for detection of endophytesin aspens. Eleven primer pairs were designed, each pair specific for one fungus. Afteroptimization and evaluation four of the primer pairs were found to be both specific andsensitive, and could detect fungus in DNA preparations from leaf samples.

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Ricks, Kevin Daniel. "Biotic Filtering in Endophytic Fungal Communities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6871.

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Plants can be colonized by complex communities of endophytic fungi. This thesis presents two studies, both of which investigate biotic filtering in endophytic fungal communities. Chapter 1. Endophytic fungi can be acquired horizontally via propagules produced in the environment such as in plant litters of various species. Given that litters from different plant species harbor distinct endophytic fungal communities and that endophytic fungi may be dispersal-limited, the structure of the endophytic fungal community of a given plant may be determined by proximity to particular inoculum sources. Community assembly may also be affected by biotic filtering by the plant. Therefore, a plant may be able to select particular fungal taxa from among the available pool. In that case, the structure of the endophytic fungal community in the plant could be somewhat independent of the structure of the inoculum community. We tested the hypothesis that biotic filtering of endophytic fungal communities occurs in Bromus tectorum by exposing it to a variety of inoculum sources including litters from several co-occurring plant species. The inoculum sources differed significantly from each other in the structures of the communities of endophytic fungi they harbored. We characterized the structures of the resulting leaf and root endophytic fungal communities in Bromus tectorum using high-throughput sequencing. All tested inoculum sources successfully produced complex communities of endophytic fungi in Bromus tectorum. There was significantly more variation in the structures of the communities of endophytic fungi among the inoculum sources than in the resultant endophytic fungal communities in the leaves and roots of Bromus tectorum. These results suggest that biotic filtering by Bromus tectorum played a significant role in the assembly of the endophytic fungal communities in tissues of Bromus tectorum. Because endophytic fungi influence plant fitness, it is reasonable to expect there to be selective pressure to develop a uniform, desirable endophytic fungal community even from disparate inoculum sources via a process known as biotic filtering. Chapter 2. Frequently one finds that different plant species harbor communities that are distinct. However, the nature of this interspecific variation is not clear. We characterized the endophytic fungal communities in six plant species from the eastern Great Basin in central Utah. Four of the species are arbuscular mycorrhizal (two in the Poaceae and two in the Asteraceae), while the other two species are nonmycorrhizal (one in the Brassicaceae and one in the Amaranthaceae). Our evidence suggests that both host mycorrhizal status and phylogenic relatedness independently influence endophytic fungal community structure.
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Ruchikachorn, Nutthaporn. "Endophytic fungi of Cassia fistula L." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5773/.

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Endophytic fungi from Cassia fistula or golden shower, a well known medicinal plant in Thailand and Asia, were isolated from trees growing in three geographical separate sites. These locations were Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Ratchasima and Bangkok and were selected to allow comparisons between their endophytic assemblages and to evaluate these data in relation to differences in plant diversity and density and local environment. Kanchanaburi which was the site closest to a natural forest situation provided the highest number of isolates with Bangkok, where the trees were isolated individuals, having the least. Members of the Xylariaceae proved to be common and frequent isolates especially species of Xylaria and Daldinia but Nemania and Hypoxylon were also obtained. Phomopsis was also well represented and clearly was dominant at the Kanchanaburi site. Species of Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Penicillium, Nigrospora, Coprinus and Psathyrella were also identified but were occasional isolates. Differences in endophytic assemblages between samples obtained early in the rainy season (July, 2001) with those sampled towards the end of the rainy season (December, 2001) were found to occur in the Nakhon Ratchasima samples with over twice as many isolates obtained from the December samples. This is likely to be a reflection on the longer exposure period to the potential inoculum of these leaves. A total of 956 endophytic isolates were obtained from the three sites with samples from Kanchanaburi (December 2000) and Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima in July 2001 with a further samples from Nakhon Ratchasima in December, 2001. Isolations were also made from different anatomical regions of the leaf, leaf lamina, midrib and veins. There were no appreciable differences in either the number of isolates obtained or an association between leaf area and specific fungal species. Identification of many xylariaceous endophytic isolates is well known to be problematic since Xylaria species rarely produce their anamorphic form in culture and virtually no members of the Xylariaceae develop their teleomorph in culture. Therefore molecular techniques were used to compare DNA sequences of the ITS region from a selection of endophyes with sequences obtained from teleomorphic material, or cultures derived from teleomorphs of identified and authenticated Xylariaceae. Comparisons were also made with data held in GenBank. This enabled the identity of a number of taxa to be made although more sequences from Xylaria species are required for future investigations. A number of non-xylariaceous taxa were also named as a result of DNA sequence comparisons. Secondary metabolites from the xylariaceae were also investigated and their metabolite profiles used to support identifications. The metabolite profiles proved to be a useful tool to confirm doubtful endophytic isolates when their DNA sequences could not place them with certainty in a right group. Together with extracts from other endophytic species, their inhibitory effects on bacteria and fungi were tested. Cassia endophytes were found to show low antimicrobial activity. However, they may later be shown to have other activities when when tested e. g. anti-malarial, anti-cancer and anti-HIV.
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Fidalgo, Cátia Isabel Assis. "Endophytic bacterial communities of Halimione portulacoides." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22661.

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Doutoramento Biologia
Os sapais são ecossistemas marinhos altamente produtivos que frequentemente recebem contaminantes de natureza antropogénica. A Ria de Aveiro encontra-se no noroeste de Portugal e contém numerosos sapais. Halimione portulacoides é um dos halófitos mais importantes em sapais Europeus e tem sido amplamente estudada devido ao seu potencial para ser usada em fins de fitorremediação, e como bioindicador de contaminação de sedimentos. Bactérias endofíticas podem apresentar capacidade promotora do crescimento de plantas (PCP), quer diretamente por produção de fito-hormonas e aquisição de nutrientes, quer indiretamente via competição com fitopatogenos. No presente trabalho, a diversidade de bactérias endofíticas da planta de sapal H. portulacoides da Ria de Aveiro é explorada extensivamente. Isolados de bactérias endofíticas foram obtidos e caracterizados quanto à sua taxonomia, capacidade de produzir enzimas e características PCP. As características mais observadas foram atividade celulolítica, xilanolítica e desaminase de 1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxilato, e a produção da auxina ácido indol-3-acético. Os resultados revelaram um enorme potencial da coleção para PCP in vitro e in vivo. A coleção de isolados foi também explorada para procurar diversidade não descrita. Como resultado, dez novas espécies de bactérias foram amplamente caracterizadas e descritas: Microbacterium diaminobutyricum, Saccharospirillum correiae, Altererythrobacter halimionae, Altererythrobacter endophyticus, Zunongwangia endophytica, Salinicola halimionae, Salinicola aestuarina, Salinicola endophytica, Salinicola halophytica e Salinicola lusitana. Consequentemente, o presente trabalho expôs a endosfera de H. portulacoides como um foco de diversidade bacteriana desconhecida. A composição taxonómica da comunidade endofítica foi averiguada via sequenciação do gene 16S rRNA da coleção de isolados, e mais profundamente com a utilização de sequenciação de alto rendimento independente do cultivo. A última abordagem revelou cinco filos principais: Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes e Firmicutes. Destes, apenas Planctomycetes não foi obtido na coleção de isolados. As comunidades diferiram de acordo com o local (no ensaio dependente do cultivo, para locais contaminados e não-contaminado) e tecido (em ambos os ensaios) de amostragem. As principais famílias obtidas no endofitoma nuclear foram Oceanospirillaceae em tecidos de parte aérea, e Enterobacteriaceae e Kiloniellaceae em tecidos de raiz. O trabalho apresentado providenciou uma compreensão profunda das bactérias endofíticas presentes no halófito H. portulacoides, e expôs o seu potencial como foco de bactérias não descritas e bactérias promotoras do crescimento de plantas.
Salt marshes are highly productive marine ecosystems that often act as a sink for contaminants of anthropogenic nature. The Ria de Aveiro lagoon is located in the north-west of Portugal and comprises numerous salt marshes. Halimione portulacoides is one of the most important halophytes in European salt marshes and has been widely researched for its potential for phytoremediation, and as a bioindicator of sediment contamination. Endophytic bacteria can present plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities, either directly by production of phytohormones and nutrient uptake, or indirectly via competition with phytopathogens. In the present work, the diversity of endophytic bacteria from the salt marsh plant H. portulacoides from Ria de Aveiro is extensively explored. Endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized for their taxonomy, ability to produce specific enzymes and PGP traits. The most observed traits were cellulolytic, xylanolytic and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activities, and the production of the auxin indol-3-acetic acid. The results revealed an enormous potential of the collection for in vitro and in vivo PGP. The collection of isolates was also explored for undescribed diversity. As a result, ten novel bacterial species were thoroughly characterized and described: Microbacterium diaminobutyricum, Saccharospirillum correiae, Altererythrobacter halimionae, Altererythrobacter endophyticus, Zunongwangia endophytica, Salinicola halimionae, Salinicola aestuarina, Salinicola endophytica, Salinicola halophytica and Salinicola lusitana. Consequently, the present work exposes the endosphere of H. portulacoides as a hotspot of unknown bacterial diversity. The taxonomic composition of the endophytic community was assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the isolate collection, and with more depth using culture-independent high-throughput sequencing. The latter approach revealed five main phyla: Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. From these, only Planctomycetes was not obtained in the isolate collection. The communities differed according to sampling site (for the culture-dependent assay, for contaminated and non-contaminated sites) and tissue (in both assays). The main families found in the core endophytome were Oceanospirillaceae for aboveground tissues, and Enterobacteriaceae and Kiloniellaceae for belowground tissues. The present work provided a deep understanding of the endophytic bacteria present in the halophyte H. portulacoides, and exposed its potential as a hotspot of undescribed bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria.
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Finyom, Cyprien William Bopda. "Characterisation of the endophytic bacterial communities associated with South African sorghum plants: looking for potential plant growth-promoting endophytes." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3431.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
The term endophyte is used to define all microorganisms that, during a part of their life cycle, colonize the internal tissues of a plant host. Many endophytes have been found to promote plant growth by acting either as biocontrol agents, biofertilizers or phytohormone producers. This study aimed to characterise the endophytic microbial community diversity associated with sorghum farmed in South Africa. Members of any common endophytic bacterial species identified during the study might in future studies be developed to improve sorghum production. Sorghum tissues (roots, shoots, stems) were sampled in three South African provinces (Free State, Limpopo and North West), each site being characterised by the use of different agricultural practices. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses were used to characterise the endophytic bacterial communities. The analysis clearly demonstrated that the endophytic bacterial community structure in the three sorghum tissue types differed, suggesting that endophyte colonization is tissue-specific. The endophytic bacterial community structure is quite similar in each tissue when comparing the populations present in the sampling sites. In the sorghum endophytic microbial communities, common bacterial species were identified using molecular tools: The cyanobacterium Synechococcus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were identified in the root samples. Pantoea sp., Erwinia sp., Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella sp. were found in all shoot samples. Nocardia fluminea, Bacillus cereus and Microbacterium sp. were isolated as common shoot endophytic bacteria. This study defines, for the first time, the endophytic bacterial species associated with South African sorghum plants. These common endophytic bacterial species can be used to enhance the yield of sorghum crops.
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Mekkamol, Sureewan. "Endophytic fungi of Tectona grandis L. (Teak)." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5030/.

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Taxonomic diversity, biology and ecological aspects of fungal endophytes of Tectona grandis (teak) from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand were investigated. It was found that the endophyte assemblages of mature leaves sampled from natural forest and plantation teak were not significantly different. Members of the Xylariaceae, especially Daldinia eschscholzii, Nemania subannulata, Hypoxylon haematostroma and Xylaria cubensis were frequent isolates. Widely reported endophytic fungi such as Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium and Fusarium were also isolated. There is little evidence to support host specificity for the majority of the isolates. Differences in endophyte assemblages between young and mature leaves were shown to occur with a much lower infection percentage in the young leaves. Species of Phomopsis and Colletotrichum were dominant in the young leaves but members of the Xylariaceae dominated in mature leaves. This pattern was the same for both natural forest and plantation samples. However comparison of taxa isolated from leaf lamina, midrib and veins gave conflicting results. Samples from mature leaves from natural forest trees exhibited little variation with greater variation in taxa recovered being found to occur between sampling years than between position of isolation from the leaf. In plantation leaves, although the results were similar to those from natural forest tree leaves for two of the years sampled, in 1997 the overall recovery rate was highest for the lamina, followed by veins and then the midrib. There was no evidence obtained to link individual taxa with specific regions of the leaf. It is now possible to devise a sampling strategy to obtain suitable diversity of endophytic isolates from teak leaves for industrial screening of these fungi. Techniques were developed to overcome current problems of identification of xylariaceous endophytes in the absence of their teleomorph. Inoculation of suitable woody substrata combined with selective incubation was used to induce teleomorph formation in many of the isolates and this together with chemical profiling enabled identification to species of many of these isolates. Rates of development of specific species were obtained and differences in environmental conditions necessary for development of teleomorphs to maturity were noted for members of different genera. Thus species of Daldinia and Hypoxylon required drier conditions than species of Xylaria and Nemania which only developed under wet shaded conditions. Xylariaceae from the natural forest, plantation, and forest surrounding the plantation were surveyed and a number of the Xylariaceae recovered as endophytes were found to be new to science, new records for Thailand or were recorded as endophytes for the first time.
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Books on the topic "Endophytic"

1

Rosa, Luiz Henrique, ed. Neotropical Endophytic Fungi. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3.

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Verma, Vijay C., and Alan C. Gange, eds. Advances in Endophytic Research. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1575-2.

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Portnoǐ, L. M. Radiodiagnosis of endophytic gastric cancer. New York: Begell House, 1995.

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Singh, Bhim Pratap, ed. Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03589-1.

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Elmerich, Claudine, and William E. Newton, eds. Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Associations. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3546-2.

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Endophytische Pilze aus Trifolium repens L.: Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung isolierter Hefen und deren taxonomischer Einordnung. Berlin: J. Cramer, 2000.

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International, Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium (4th 2000 Soest Germany). The Grassland Conference 2000: 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, 27-29 September, 2000, Soest, Germany : proceedings. Soest, Germany: Universität Paderborn, Dept. of Agriculture, 2001.

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1951-, Faeth Stanley H., ed. Ecology and evolution of the grass-endophyte symbiosis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Elamo, Pirjo. Birch rust and endophytic fungi in birch leaves: Effects of host plant genetic background and environmental factors. Turku, Finland: Turun Yliopisto, 2000.

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Patil, Ravindra H., and Vijay L. Maheshwari, eds. Endophytes. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9371-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Endophytic"

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Dey, R., K. K. Pal, M. Thomas, D. N. Sherathia, V. B. Mandaliya, R. A. Bhadania, M. B. Patel, et al. "ENDOPHYTIC MICROORGANISMS." In Microbes for Climate Resilient Agriculture, 235–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119276050.ch11.

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Hallmann, Johannes, and Richard A. Sikora. "Endophytic Fungi." In Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes:, 227–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9648-8_10.

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Krishnamurthy, Yelugere L., and B. Shankar Naik. "Endophytic Fungi Bioremediation." In Endophytes: Crop Productivity and Protection, 47–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66544-3_3.

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da Silva Florindo, Raissa Hellen, Mariana Costa Ferreira, Carlos Leomar Zani, Tânia Maria de Almeida Alves, Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior, Emerson de Castro Barbosa, Jaquelline Germano de Oliveira, et al. "Bioprospecting of Secondary Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Endophytic Fungi of the Medicinal Piper sp. in the Brazilian Tropical Rain Forest." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 351–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_16.

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de Carvalho, Camila Rodrigues, Mariana Costa Ferreira, and Luiz Henrique Rosa. "Ecology of Neotropical Endophytic Fungi." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_1.

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Iannone, Leopoldo J., M. Victoria Novas, Patricia D. Mc Cargo, Andrea C. Ueno, and Pedro E. Gundel. "Diversity, Ecology, and Applications of Epichloë Fungal Endophytes of Grasses in South America." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 11–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_2.

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de Carvalho, Camila Rodrigues, Alice Ferreira-D’Silva, Soraya Sander Amorim, and Luiz Henrique Rosa. "Diversity, Ecology, and Bioprospecting of Endophytic Fungi in the Brazilian Biomes of Rupestrian Grasslands, Caatinga, Pampa, and Pantanal." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 151–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_8.

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Ferreira, Mariana Costa, Denise de Oliveira Scoaris, Soraya Sander Amorim, Betania Barros Cota, Emerson de Castro Barbosa, Jaquelline Germano de Oliveira, Carlos Leomar Zani, and Luiz Henrique Rosa. "Bioprospecting of Neotropical Endophytic Fungi in South America Applied to Medicine." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 213–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_11.

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Oki, Yumi, Isabela M. Nascimento, Naíla B. da Costa, Renata Aparecida Maia, Jacqueline A. Takahashi, Vany Ferraz, Ary Corrêa Júnior, and G. Wilson Fernandes. "Effectiveness of Endophytic Fungi from Baccharis dracunculifolia Against Sucking Insect and Fungal Pathogens." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 337–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_15.

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Narvaez-Trujillo, Alexandra, María R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, Eliana Veloz-Villavicencio, and Carolina E. Portero. "What Do We Know About Fungal Endophyte Diversity in a Mega Diverse Country? An Appeal for Increased Conservation and Research." In Neotropical Endophytic Fungi, 131–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53506-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Endophytic"

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Vasileva, E. N., A. M. Afonin, G. A. Akhtemova, V. A. Zhukov, and I. A. Tikhonovich. "Endophytic bacteria isolated from garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.265.

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Endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized aerial parts of pea. Taxonomic status of isolated strains was determined by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Moreover, genomes of growth-promoting endophytes were sequenced.
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Maksimov, I. V., M. Yu Shein, and R. M. Khairullin. "Endophytic bacteria and plant immunity." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.160.

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Diseases annually cause significant crop losses and reduced quality of agricultural products. The development strategy of new environmentally friendly plant protection products should consider the role of the microbiome in host defense.
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Ananyeva, I. N., Z. M. Aleschenkova, P. V. Rybaltovskaya, and M. A. Chindareva. "Effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) treatments on the introduction capacity of endophytic bacteria." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-103.

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The goal of the work was to obtain antibiotic-resistant forms of endophytic Glycine max L. (Merill) bacteria and to study their introduction potential affected by different seed treatment methods. Rifampicin-resistant variants of endophytic soybean bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter 27c and Pseudomonas fluorescens 11E preserving valuable properties were derived. Soybean seed treatment with Bradyrhizobium japonicum BIM V-501D and endophytic nitrogen-fixing Rh. radiobacter 27c, phosphate-mobilizing Ps. fluorescens 11E bacteria under model conditions promoted accumulation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root, stem and leaves. The number of nodules rose by 70% compared with the mono-inoculated control; plant height increased by 19%.
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Maksimov, I. V., E. A. Cherepanova, A. V. Sorokan, G. F. Burkhanova, and R. M. Khayrullin. "Endophytic bacteria Bacillus spp. as effective phytoimmunizers." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-275.

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Akhtemova, G. A., E. N. Vasileva, A. M. Afonin, V. A. Zhukov, and I. A. Tikhonovich. "Culturable endophytic bacteria from garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.009.

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From the organs of various genotypes of Pisum sativum L., culturable endophytic bacteria belonging to phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, were isolated. Among them, growth-stimulating strains were identified.
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Attilli De Angelis, Derlene, Jennifer Kely Da Silva, and Joao Victor Da Silva Bartolo. "Endophytic fungi for flavonoid production from Passiflora species." In XXIII Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2015-37960.

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Чадова, Оксана Андреевна, and Петр Владимирович Веланский. "FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ENDOPHYTIC MICROALGAE LAMINARIOCOLAX AECIDIOIDES, STREBLONEMA CORYMBIFERUM AND STREBLONEMA SP. (ECTOCARPALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE)." In Наука. Исследования. Практика: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Апрель 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/srp296.2021.41.36.008.

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Впервые исследован жирнокислотный состав полярных и нейтральных липидов бурых эндофитных микроводорослей Laminariocolax aecidioides, Streblonema corymbiferum и Streblonema sp. Показано, что в состав полярных липидов входят главным образом полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, такие как 18:3ω-3, 18:4ω-3 и 20:5ω-3. Во фракциях нейтральных липидов всех образцов доминировали насыщенные жирные кислоты 14:0 и 16:0, мононенасыщенная 18:1ω-9 и полиненасыщенная 18:2ω6. Отмечена высокая концентрация 16:1ω-7 в нейтральной фракции Streblonema sp. Во всех липидных фракциях эндофитов, кроме нейтральных липидов S. corymbiferum, обнаружены гидроксилированные жирные кислоты 22:0Δ2-OH и 24:0Δ2-OH. The fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids of brown endophytic microalgae Laminariocolax aecidioides , Streblonema corymbiferum and Streblonema sp. was investigated for the first time. It was shown that the composition of polar lipids of endophytes includes mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as 18:3ω-3, 18:4ω-3 and 20: 5ω-3. Saturated 14:0 and 16:0, monounsaturated 18:1ω-9 and polyunsaturated 18:2ω6 dominated the neutral lipids of all samples. A high concentration of 16:1ω-7 was observed in the neutral fraction of Streblonema sp. Hydroxylated fatty acids 22:0Δ2-OH and 24:0Δ2-OH were found in all lipid fractions, except for neutral lipids of S. corymbiferum .
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Alekseev, Valentin Yu, Svetlana V. Veselova, Elena R. Sarvarova, and Igor V. Maksimov. "Growth-promoting activity of endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.018.

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Growth-promoting concentrations of the genus Bacillus new isolates and mixtures of endophytic strains of Bacillus subtilis were selected. Isolates B. subtilis Stl7 and Ttl2 are promising for the creation of biocontrol agents.
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Ibragimov, A., An Baymiev, and O. Lastochkina. "Development of fluorescent protein-marked strains of Bacillus subtilis." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.104.

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Nakashima, KI, J. Tomida, T. Hirai, Y. Kawamura, and M. Inoue. "New sesquiterpenoids from an endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense ECN258." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399915.

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Reports on the topic "Endophytic"

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Dubbs, Wesley. Chlorophyll Characterization of Three Mistletoes and the Chloroplast Ultrastructure within Aerial and Endophytic Tissues of Phoradendron Juniperinum. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6631.

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Spasova-Apostolova, Velicka, Veselina Masheva, Mariana Petkova, and Nerettin Tahsin. Endophytic Colonization of Tobacco Plants (N. tabacum, L., ssp. Orentalis) by the Strain 538 of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.06.16.

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Dangl, Jeffery L. Functional Manipulation of Root Endophyte Populations for Feedstock Improvement- Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1407956.

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Younginger, Brett. Fungal Endophytes in a Seed-Free Host: New Species That Demonstrate Unique Community Dynamics. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6271.

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Mei, Chuansheng, Jerzy Nowak, and John Seiler. Development of a Low Input and sustainable Switchgrass Feedstock Production System Utilizing Beneficial Bacterial Endophytes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1160229.

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