Journal articles on the topic 'Endophytes plant growth-promoting bacteria (ePGPB)'
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1
Shahzad, Gul-i.-Rayna, Alessandro Passera, Giusva Maldera, Paola Casati, Iriti Marcello, and Piero Attilio Bianco. "Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria against Phytopathogenic Viruses: Molecular Interaction with the Host Plant and Comparison with Chitosan." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136990.
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Endophytic plant-growth-promoting bacteria (ePGPB) are interesting tools for pest management strategies. However, the molecular interactions underlying specific biocontrol effects, particularly against phytopathogenic viruses, remain unexplored. Herein, we investigated the antiviral effects and triggers of induced systemic resistance mediated by four ePGPB (Paraburkholderia fungorum strain R8, Paenibacillus pasadenensis strain R16, Pantoea agglomerans strain 255-7, and Pseudomonas syringae strain 260-02) against four viruses (Cymbidium Ring Spot Virus—CymRSV; Cucumber Mosaic Virus—CMV; Potato Virus X—PVX; and Potato Virus Y—PVY) on Nicotiana benthamiana plants under controlled conditions and compared them with a chitosan-based resistance inducer product. Our studies indicated that ePGPB- and chitosan-treated plants presented well-defined biocontrol efficacy against CymRSV and CMV, unlike PVX and PVY. They exhibited significant reductions in symptom severity while promoting plant height compared to nontreated, virus-infected controls. However, these phenotypic traits showed no association with relative virus quantification. Moreover, the tested defense-related genes (Enhanced Disease Susceptibility-1 (EDS1), Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-related genes-1 (NPR1), and Pathogenesis-related protein-2B (PR2B)) implied the involvement of a salicylic-acid-related defense pathway triggered by EDS1 gene upregulation.
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Ahiladevi, P., P. Mahalakshmi, and L. Gnanasing Jesumaharaja. "Endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria (EPGPB) for the management of sheath rot of rice caused by Sarocladium oryzae." Advances in Applied Research 12, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2104.2020.00007.8.
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Narayanan, Zareen, and Bernard R. Glick. "Secondary Metabolites Produced by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophytes." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102008.
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There is an increasing interest in the use of beneficial microorganisms as alternatives to chemically synthesized or plant-derived molecules to produce therapeutic agents. Bacterial endophytes are plant-associated microorganisms that can colonize different parts of living plants without causing any diseases. Diverse endophytic bacteria possess the ability to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites with unique chemical structures that have been exploited for their anti-microbial, antiviral, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, production of these bioactive compounds can also benefit the host plant as they may play a significant role in a plant’s interaction with the environment for adaptation and defense. As a result of their significant impact as curative compounds or as precursors to produce new drugs, the biotechnological possibilities of secondary metabolites derived from endophytic bacteria are immense.
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Batra, Priyanka, Monika Barkodia, Umang Ahlawat, Rekha Sansanwal, Rajesh Kumar Vaid, and Leela Wati. "Identification and characterization of promising endophytic bacteria for growth promotion in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i4.102207.
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The present study was carried out for the isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from chickpea nodules. A total of 107 endophytes were isolated from five districts of Haryana using three media, viz. YEMA for rhizobia, Pikovskaya and TSA for non-rhizobial isolates. The endophytes were then screened for various growth promoting traits like IAA production, Phosphate solubilization, Siderophore production, ACC utilization, Potassium solubilization and tolerance to NaCl concentrations. Total six endophytes, one rhizobium (HM2) and five non-rhizobial endophytes (RE6, BE13, ME3, HE5, HE7) were selected based on of plant growth promoting traits. Furthermore, the most promising non-rhizobial endophytes RE6 and BE13, compatible with Rhizobial isolate HM2 were Pseudomonas protegens and Bacillus boroniphilus using 16s rDNA sequencing. Both the isolates are non-pathogenic to humans and thus, are potential plant probiotics that can be used as biofertilizers.
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ALKahtani, Muneera D. F., Amr Fouda, Kotb A. Attia, Fahad Al-Otaibi, Ahmed M. Eid, Emad El-Din Ewais, Mohamed Hijri, et al. "Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Desert Plants and Their Application as Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091325.
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Desert plants are able to survive under harsh environmental stresses inherent to arid and semiarid regions due to their association with bacterial endophytes. However, the identity, functions, and the factors that influence the association of bacterial endophytes with desert plants are poorly known. These bacterial endophytes can be used as an untapped resource to favor plant growth and development in agro-ecosystems of arid regions. The present study is therefore focused on the isolation and identification of bacterial endophytes from two native medicinal plants (Fagonia mollis Delile and Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk) Sch. Bip.) growing spontaneously in the arid region of the South Sinai (Egypt), and characterization of their plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Thirteen putative bacterial endophytes were isolated from the leaves of both plant species and characterized for their plant growth promoting abilities using molecular and biochemical approaches, as well as greenhouse trials. Selected endophytic bacterial strains were applied to maize plants (Zea mays L. var. Single cross Pioneer 30K08) to further evaluate their PGP abilities under greenhouse conditions. Isolated bacterial strains have variable plant growth promoting activities. Among these activities, isolated bacterial endophytes have the efficacy of phosphate solubilizing with clear zones ranging from 7.6 ± 0.3 to 9.6 ± 0.3 mm. Additionally, the obtained bacterial endophytes increased the productivity of indole acetic acid (IAA) in broth media from 10 to 60 µg·mL−1 with increasing tryptophan concentration from 1 to 5 mg·mL−1. Bacillus and Brevibacillus strains were frequently isolated from the leaves of both plant species, and had significant positive effects on plant growth and shoot phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contents. Results suggest that these endophytes are good candidates as plant growth promoting inoculants to help reduce chemical input in conventional agricultural practices and increase nutrient uptake and stress resilience in plant species.
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Bergna, Alessandro, Tomislav Cernava, Manuela Rändler, Rita Grosch, Christin Zachow, and Gabriele Berg. "Tomato Seeds Preferably Transmit Plant Beneficial Endophytes." Phytobiomes Journal 2, no. 4 (January 2018): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-06-18-0029-r.
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Endophytes with plant growth-promoting activity can improve the health and development of plants during all life stages. However, less is known about their stability and transmission across plant genotypes, habitats, and generations. By combining community and isolate analyses, we found that each plant habitat and genotype harbored distinct bacterial communities and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Soil, root endosphere, and rhizosphere were the habitats with the highest bacterial diversity, while seeds hosted more selective communities. Seeds generated under field conditions showed traces of a bacterial community composition connected to the suppression of plant pathogens. In contrast, seeds of the successive generation grown in a pathogen-free and low-nutrient environment showed a predominance of bacteria that facilitate the uptake of nutrients. These modifications of the microbiome can be explained by an adaptation to prevalent environmental conditions. Cultivation approaches revealed microhabitat-specific PGPB that were assigned to various species of Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Ralstonia. Tracking down these bacteria among the whole tomato plant allowed us to identify the seed as a primary vehicle of PGPB transmission. This previously undescribed vertical transmission of PGPB represents a strategy to maintain plant beneficial bacteria over generations and has an impact for the design of seed treatments.
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Adhikari Dhungana, Sabitri, Fumihiko Adachi, Shohei Hayashi, Ramesh Raj Puri, and Kazuhito Itoh. "Plant Growth Promoting Effects of Nepalese Sweet Potato Endophytes." Horticulturae 4, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4040053.
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Endophytic bacteria form a symbiotic relation with plants and generally cause no harmful effects to the host plants. In a previous study, we isolated eight bacterial endophytes from sweet potato plants harvested in Salyan, Nepal. These endophytes showed plant growth-promoting properties as a mixed culture. In this study, we evaluated the ability of these strains to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and to fix nitrogen. Based on these results, we selected two strains, Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 and Enterobacter sp. Sal 3, and evaluated their ability to promote plant growth. IAA production activity peaked at 15–60 mg NH4NO3/L in plant-free medium. Similarly, acetylene reduction activity peaked at 0–6.25 mg NH4NO3/L. Both strains successfully colonized plants, promoted the growth of tomatoes, and induced phenotypes in plants consistent with IAA exposure. This suggests that these strains promote plant growth by producing IAA inside the plant, where nitrogen levels are expected to be low.
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Tsalgatidou, Polina C., Eirini-Evangelia Thomloudi, Kallimachos Nifakos, Costas Delis, Anastasia Venieraki, and Panagiotis Katinakis. "Calendula officinalis—A Great Source of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria (PGPEB) and Biological Control Agents (BCA)." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010206.
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The application of beneficial bacteria may present an alternative approach to chemical plant protection and fertilization products as they enhance growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant growth-promoting bacteria are found in the rhizosphere, epiphytically or endophytically (Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria, PGPEB). In the present study, 36 out of 119 isolated endophytic bacterial strains from roots, leaves and flowers of the pharmaceutical plant Calendula officinalis were further identified and classified into Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Stenotrophomonas and Rhizobium genera. Selected endophytes were evaluated depending on positive reaction to different plant growth promoting (PGP) traits, motility, survival rate and inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and ex vivo (tomato fruit). Bacteria were further assessed for their plant growth effect on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and on seed bio-primed tomato plantlets, in vitro. Our results indicated that many bacterial endophytes increased seed germination, promoted plant growth and changed root structure by increasing lateral root density and length and root hair formation. The most promising antagonistic PGPEB strains (Cal.r.29, Cal.l.30, Cal.f.4, Cal.l.11, Cal.f.2.1, Cal.r.19 and Cal.r.11) are indicated as effective biological control agents (BCA) against Botrytis cinerea on detached tomato fruits. Results underlie the utility of beneficial endophytic bacteria for sustainable and efficient crop production and disease control.
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Berde, Chanda V., and Vikrant B. Berde. "Multifunctional attributes of endophytic Pseudomonas strains isolated from the leaves of medicinal plants." Plant Science Today 8, sp1 (August 17, 2022): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1597.
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Endophytic bacteria are responsible for improved plant growth due to its role in nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization etc and in plant protection through various mechanisms and production of bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the plant growth promoting potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal plants namely, Adulsa, Amla, Bael, Kadamb, Mango, Neem, Tulsi. Endophytic bacteria isolated from the medicinal plants, comprised of 68% Gram positive and 29% Gram negative bacteria. Seventeen distinctly unique Gram-negative endophytes were selected for further analysis. The selected endophytes were tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. The multifarious endophytes were capable of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilisation, indole acetic acid (IAA) production, production of antimicrobial compounds and aromatic compound degradation. Some of the endophytic strains were found to harbor plasmids that may play a role in aromatic compound degradation. This study emphasizes the potential of endophytic Pseudomonas species in enhancing plant growth and plant protection.
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Emmer, Anderson, João Arthur Dos Santos Oliveira, Andressa Domingos Polli, Julio Cesar Polonio, Leonardo Hamamura Alves, Cintia Zani Fávaro Polonio, João Lucio Azevedo, and João Alencar Pamphile. "Plant growth-promoting activity in bean plants of endophytic bacteria isolated from Echeveria laui." Acta Brasiliensis 5, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338496.
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Echeveria laui (Crassulaceae) is commonly commercialized due to its drought-tolerance capacity and to its rosette-shaped aesthetics. Since endophytes associated with plants from a dry or arid environment have scarcely been analyzed as yet, current research comprises the isolation of leaf endophytic bacteria from E. laui (one five-year-old and one two-year-old plants) investigating plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria which may solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, produce exopolysaccharides/IAA and antagonize phytopathogens. Isolation by the maceration methodology provided a colonization rate of 1.98 x109 CFU g-1 for the two-year-old plant and 1.14 x 1010 CFU g-1 for the five-year-old one. All 40 isolates evaluated showed in vitro plant growth-promoting agent’s abilities, with emphasis on EG04, ELG18, and ELP06. The capacity of the three best bacterial isolates were evaluated under greenhouse conditions in common and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA region and phylogenetic analysis, the three endophytes were identified as Pantoea sp. (ELG04 and ELG18) and Erwinia sp. (ELP06). Under greenhouse conditions, statistically significant differences were found among the plants treated with the three endophytes when compared to control plants for fresh and dry shoot, root biomass and length.
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Zhang, Chaowen, Kai Cai, Mengyuan Li, Jiaqi Zheng, and Yuzhu Han. "Plant-Growth-Promoting Potential of PGPE Isolated from Dactylis glomerata L." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040731.
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Plant-growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) are a kind of beneficial microorganisms which could inhabit plant tissues to antagonize certain plant pathogens and promote the host plant’s growth and development. At present, many studies have confirmed the mutualistic effect of endophytes with plants, but there are few systematic studies on beneficial roles between endophytes and Dactylis glomerata, especially on the PGPE characteristics of the forage and environmental restoration plant. This study aimed to isolate PGPE from D. glomerata, evaluate their effects on plant growth, and ultimately acquire desirable microbial inoculants for agricultural use. First, endophytes were isolated from D. glomerata by plant re-inoculation experiment, and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. Fixation medium and methods were carried out to assess the nitrogen fixation ability of the strains. Then, the ability to dissolve phosphorus was determined by the Olsen and silicate medium methods; secretory IAA was measured by Salkowski colorimetric method; and the inhibitive effects on phytopathogen were observed by confrontation culture. Twenty-one strains were isolated from four varieties of D. glomerata, among which 14 strains with plant-growth-promoting characteristics were obtained by re-inoculation experiments, including seven endophytic bacteria and seven endophytic fungi. Further evaluation of three selected strains with the most significant PGP attributes were performed by using the pot re-inoculation experiment which revealed that TG2-B derived from Myroides odoratimimus was the most effective plant-growth-promoting agent due to its ability to produce high levels of IAA; the strain Bacillus cereus exhibited the most robust ability in dissolving inorganic phosphorus; and Trichoderma harzianum manifested a conspicuously antagonistic effect against a variety of plant pathogens. For the first time, this study reports the identification of D. glomerata endophytes that were able to promote plant growth and have a considerable antagonistic effects on plant pathogens, which could be considered as microbial inoculants for using in improving crop production and plant disease control.
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Kabir, Md Humayun, Kridsada Unban, Pratthana Kodchasee, Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan Govindarajan, Saisamorn Lumyong, Nakarin Suwannarach, Pairote Wongputtisin, Kalidas Shetty, and Chartchai Khanongnuch. "Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) Enhanced Plant-Growth-Promoting Activity." Agriculture 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2023): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030533.
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Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) is a traditional and economically important non-alcoholic beverage-producing plant grown in large plantations in the northern region of Thailand and has a diverse community of endophytic bacteria. In this study, a total of 70 bacterial isolates were isolated from healthy asymptomatic samples of tea leaves from five different tea gardens in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these bacterial isolates were taxonomically grouped into 11 different genera, namely Bacillus, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter Microbacterium, Moraxella, Neobacillus, Priestia, Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Sporosarcina, and Staphylococcus. All these isolates were evaluated for their potential to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and cellulolytic enzymes while having phosphate-solubilizing and tannin tolerance capacity. Most isolated bacterial endophytes belonged to the Bacillus genus and exhibited multiple plant-growth-promoting abilities. All bacterial endophytes could produce varied concentrations of the indole-related compounds, and the strain Curtobacterium citreum P-5.19 had the highest production of IAA at 367.59 µg/mL, followed by Pseudarthrobacter enclensis P-3.12 at 266.97 µg/mL. Seventy-eight percent (78%) of the total isolates solubilized inorganic phosphate, while 77%, 65%, and 52% were positive for extracellular proteases, cellulases, and pectinases, respectively. Remarkably, 80% of the isolates were capable of growth on nutrient agar supplemented with 1% (w/v) tannic acid. C. citreum P-5.19 and P. enclensis P-3.12 were selected for evaluation of plant growth promotion, and it was found that both bacterial endophytes enhanced seed germination rate and improved seedling growth parameters such as fresh and/or dry weight, root length, and shoot lengths of sunflower and tomato seeds. The selected bacterial endophytes isolated from tea leaves in this study could be used in bioformulation for plant growth promotion and advancing sustainable agricultural practices contributing to the decreased use of chemical inputs. This is the first report of an endophytic bacterium, Pseudarthrobacter enclensis, being isolated from C. sinensis.
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Saryanah, N. A., Y. P. Roswanjaya, S. Himawati, Sulastri, I. S. Bidara, and D. Iskandar. "Screening of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes and rhizobacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 913, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012022.
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Abstract Bacterial endophyte and rhizobacteria were reported to associate with medicinal plants including Zingiberaceae plants and involved in growth promotion. These beneficial bacteria are promising candidates as biostimulants because of their ability in promoting plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the activity of endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese turmeric) in promoting rice seedling and Javanese turmeric growth. Fifty-seven of 150 total bacterial isolates with negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity reactions were characterized to investigate their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Ten selected bacteria (two bacterial endophytes and eight rhizobacteria) with multiple PGP traits were inoculated to rice seed with seed treatment and inoculated to Javanese turmeric rhizome with seed treatment and seed treatment+soil soil drenching. Our results showed that bacterial isolates tested on rice seed promoted rice seedling growth significantly. A total of five, three, six, and three bacterial isolates could increase leaf number, root length, fresh shoot weight, and fresh root weight of rice seedling (p<0.05), respectively. In contrast, all of the bacterial isolates tested on Javanese turmeric rhizomes showed a non-significant effect on the plant growth. Further studies should be considered to investigate the effect of formulated potential bacterial isolates with different application frequencies and environmental conditions on the harvest yield of rice and Javanese turmeric as well as active compounds of Javanese turmeric.
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Etesami, H., H. Mirsyedhosseini, and H. A. Alikhani. "Rapid Screening of Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) Endophytic Bacteria for Rice Plant Seedlings Growth-Promoting Agents." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (June 19, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/371879.
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A simple screening method to detect berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) endophytic bacteria for rice plant growth-promoting agents on the basis of a root colonization bioassay and a plant growth promoting trait is characterized. Firstly, 200 isolates (80 endophytes and 120 rhizospheric isolates) isolated from berseem clover were inoculated as 10 mixtures of 20 strains each on two rice varieties under gnotobiotic conditions. Then, the reisolated endophytic strains from two rice varieties were characterized for plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Secondly, the colonization and growth promoting effects of endophytic strains were compared in inoculated rice plantlets as single-strain inoculants. A significant relationship among indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing isolates, the size of root colonization, and plant growth was observed. Our results suggest that the ability of IAA production by the endophytic bacteria which may have a stimulatory effect on plant development may be the first plant growth promoting trait for screening bacteria isolated from clover plant for rice plant growth promoting agents. In addition, this study indicates that the selected bacterial isolates based on their IAA producing trait have the potential for PGP and more colonization of rice plant.
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Galambos, Nikoletta, Stéphane Compant, Felix Wäckers, Angela Sessitsch, Gianfranco Anfora, Valerio Mazzoni, Ilaria Pertot, and Michele Perazzolli. "Beneficial Insects Deliver Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophytes between Tomato Plants." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061294.
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Beneficial insects and mites, including generalist predators of the family Miridae, are widely used in biocontrol programs against many crop pests, such as whiteflies, aphids, lepidopterans and mites. Mirid predators frequently complement their carnivore diet by feeding plant sap with their piercing–sucking mouthparts. This implies that mirids may act as vectors of phytopathogenic and beneficial microorganisms, such as plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes. This work aimed at understanding the role of two beneficial mirids (Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis) in the acquisition and transmission of two plant growth-promoting bacteria, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. strain 32A (32A). Both bacterial strains were detected on the epicuticle and internal body of both mirids at the end of the mirid-mediated transmission. Moreover, both mirids were able to transmit PsJN and 32A between tomato plants and these bacterial strains could be re-isolated from tomato shoots after mirid-mediated transmission. In particular, PsJN and 32A endophytically colonised tomato plants and moved from the shoots to roots after mirid-mediated transmission. In conclusion, this study provided novel evidence for the acquisition and transmission of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes by beneficial mirids.
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Ogbe, Abdulazeez A., Shubhpriya Gupta, Wendy A. Stirk, Jeffrey F. Finnie, and Johannes Van Staden. "Growth-Promoting Characteristics of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from a Drought-Tolerant Mint Species Endostemon obtusifolius (E. Mey. ex Benth.) N. E. Br." Plants 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030638.
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Endophytes are primarily endosymbiotic bacteria and fungi that colonize the interior tissues of their host plant. They enhance the host plant’s growth and attenuate adverse effects of biological stress. Endophytic species of many indigenous plants are an untapped resource of plant growth-promoting microorganisms that can mitigate abiotic stress effects. Thus, this study aimed to isolate endophytes from the roots and leaves of the medicinal plant Endostemon obtusifolius to evaluate their in vitro growth-promoting capacities and drought tolerance and to characterize the most promising species. Twenty-six endophytes (fourteen bacteria and twelve fungi) were isolated and cultured from the roots and leaves of E. obtusifolius. All 26 endophytes produced flavonoids, and 14 strains produced phenolic compounds. Of the 11 strains that displayed good free radical scavenging capability (low IC50) in the 1-1-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, only three strains could not survive the highest drought stress treatment (40% polyethylene glycol). These 11 strains were all positive for ammonia and siderophore production and only one strain failed to produce hydrogen cyanide and solubilize phosphate. Seven isolates showed aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and differentially synthesized indole-3-acetic acid. Using molecular tools, two promising symbiotic, drought stress tolerant, and plant growth-enhancing endophytic species (EORB-2 and EOLF-5) were identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Fusarium oxysporum. The results of this study demonstrate that P. polymyxa and F. oxysporum should be further investigated for their drought stress mitigation and plant growth enhancement effects as they have the potential to be developed for use in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Sturz, A. V., B. R. Christie, and B. G. Matheson. "Associations of bacterial endophyte populations from red clover and potato crops with potential for beneficial allelopathy." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w97-146.
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Clover and potatoes, in a crop rotation, were found to share specific associations of bacterial endophytes. Twenty-five bacterial species from 18 genera were common to both clover and potatoes and represented 73% of all the bacteria recovered from clover root tissues and 73% of all the bacteria recovered from potato tubers. Endophytic bacteria tested in potato plant bioassays were predominantly plant growth neutral (56%). The remainder were either plant growth promoting (21%) or plant growth inhibiting (24%)(P < 0.05). Of the plant growth promoting bacteria, 63% increased shoot height, 66% increased shoot wet weight, and 55% increased root wet weight. The effects of plant growth inhibiting bacteria were restricted to reductions in plant height (86%) and shoot wet weight (36%); root weight was not affected. Of the bacteria tested, 74% showed some degree of in vitro antibiosis to the clover and potato pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Such endophytic intercrop bacterial associations appear to be complementary in nature and support the view that there are microbial benefits to be gained from clover in crop sequences with potatoes, beyond those of the residual nitrogen left in the soil and the organic matter added.Key words: Trifolium, allelopathy, endophytic, plant growth promoting, antifungal, crop rotation, Solanum.
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Makar, O. O., and N. D. Romanyuk. "Endophytic bacteria of wheat and the potential to improve microelement composition of grain." Studia Biologica 16, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1603.692.
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In sustainable agriculture, there is a tendency for an increased use of microbiological preparations, especially plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), that can supplement the phenotypic plasticity and adaptability of plants, stimulate their growth and development, increase resistance to stress. The endophytic PGPB could be a promising element of technologies for the improvement of mineral nutrition and promotion of growth and yield of wheat (Triticum spp.). They are transferred to the plant by a horizontal, from the environment (rhizosphere, phyllosphere), or a vertical, from the seeds (from generation to generation), way. The growth-promoting effect of endophytes is mediated by the synthesis and secretion of phytohormones and secondary metabolites as well as their ability to absorb N2, suppress the development of bacterial and/or fungal phytopathogens; improve mineral nutrition. The review elucidates current data on the presence of bacterial endophytes in various organs of wheat plants and their characterization as potential PGPB. Data on the most common genera of bacterial endophytes of wheat (Bacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Kosakonia, etc.) are presented, and their influence on plants is described, in particular, the effect on the absorption of micronutrients important for plants and humans such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), resistance to stress factors and growth. The varietal differences in the wheat endophytic microbiome are noted. An increased micronutrient absorption and assimilation assisted by the bacterial endophytes are associated with the changes in endogenous auxins and ethylene, the release of organic acids, siderophores, indirect activation of metal transporters, etc. The mechanisms underlying plant growth stimulation are complex due to interactions between a microorganism and the whole plant microbiome and their changes during the plant ontogenesis. The analysis of the published data confirms the need for further studies of the species composition and mechanisms of interaction of endophytic PGPB to develop new strategies for improving mineral nutrition of wheat and trace element biofortification of grain. It is a feasible and promising technology of the future to overcome the problems of hidden hunger and provide quality food products to the world population with available resources and a reduced negative impact on the environment.
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Pageni, Binod B., Newton Z. Lupwayi, Zafrin Akter, Francis J. Larney, Lawrence M. Kawchuk, and YanTai Gan. "Plant growth-promoting and phytopathogen-antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 5 (July 2014): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-356.
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Pageni, B. B., Lupwayi, N. Z., Akter, Z., Larney, F. J., Kawchuk, L. M. and Gan, Y. 2014. Plant growth-promoting and phytopathogen-antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cropping systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 835–844. Endophytes are microorganisms that live within a plant without harming it. Bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under different rotations (3 to 6 yr in length) and soil management (CONV, conventional; CONS, conservation) in irrigated cropping systems with dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). The endophytes were characterized for nitrogen fixation potential, phytohormone production and phytopathogen-antagonistic properties. The nitrogen-fixing nitrogenase (nifH) gene was detected in potato grown in all rotations, presumably partly because the soil in all rotations contained Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli from the dry bean phase. Sequence analysis revealed that it was homologous to the genes found in Burkholderia, Azospirillum, Ideonella, Pseudacidovorax and Bradyrhizobium species. Indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone production by endophytes isolated from potato grown under CONS management was 66% greater than that those isolated from potato grown under CONV management, and tended to be greater in longer than shorter rotations. When 12 endophytes were inoculated to dry bean, four increased shoot biomass by 27–34%, and six increased total (shoot+root) biomass by 25% on average. Endophytes from the longer CONS rotations (4–6 yr) resulted in significantly higher (by 9%) shoot biomass than the shortest CONS (3 yr) rotation. Six of 108 endophyte isolates exhibited antagonistic properties (reduced pathogen biomass by 12 to 58% in dual culture assays in liquid media) against potato pathogens Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Fusarium sambucinum and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. epedonicus. All the six isolates were from CONS soil management. Therefore, the benefits of long rotations, with their associated CONS soil management, to crop productivity in these irrigated cropping systems probably include nutritional (biological nitrogen fixation and IAA hormone production) and disease-control benefits imparted by endophytic bacteria.
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Medison, Rudoviko Galileya, Litao Tan, Milca Banda Medison, and Kenani Edward Chiwina. "Use of beneficial bacterial endophytes: A practical strategy to achieve sustainable agriculture." AIMS Microbiology 8, no. 4 (2022): 624–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022040.
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<abstract> <p>Beneficial endophytic bacteria influence their host plant to grow and resist pathogens. Despite the advantages of endophytic bacteria to their host, their application in agriculture has been low. Furthermore, many plant growers improperly use synthetic chemicals due to having no or little knowledge of the role of endophytic bacteria in plant growth, the prevention and control of pathogens and poor access to endobacterial bioproducts. These synthetic chemicals have caused soil infertility, environmental contamination, disruption to ecological cycles and the emergence of resistant pests and pathogens. There is more that needs to be done to explore alternative ways of achieving sustainable plant production while maintaining environmental health. In recent years, the use of beneficial endophytic bacteria has been noted to be a promising tool in promoting plant growth and the biocontrol of pathogens. Therefore, this review discusses the roles of endophytic bacteria in plant growth and the biocontrol of plant pathogens. Several mechanisms that endophytic bacteria use to alleviate plant biotic and abiotic stresses by helping their host plants acquire nutrients, enhance plant growth and development and suppress pathogens are explained. The review also indicates that there is a gap between research and general field applications of endophytic bacteria and suggests a need for collaborative efforts between growers at all levels. Furthermore, the presence of scientific and regulatory frameworks that promote advanced biotechnological tools and bioinoculants represents major opportunities in the applications of endophytic bacteria. The review provides a basis for future research in areas related to understanding the interactions between plants and beneficial endophytic microorganisms, especially bacteria.</p> </abstract>
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V, Maksimov I., Sorokan A. V, Burkhanova G. F, Veselova S. V, Alekseev V. Yu, Shein M. Yu, Avalbaev A. M, et al. "Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance to RNA Viruses Induced by Plant-Growth-Promoting Microorganisms." Plants 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120575.
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Plant viruses are globally responsible for the significant crop losses of economically important plants. All common approaches are not able to eradicate viral infection. Many non-conventional strategies are currently used to control viral infection, but unfortunately, they are not always effective. Therefore, it is necessary to search for efficient and eco-friendly measures to prevent viral diseases. Since the genomic material of 90% higher plant viruses consists of single-stranded RNA, the best way to target the viral genome is to use ribonucleases (RNase), which can be effective against any viral disease of plants. Here, we show the importance of the search for endophytes with protease and RNase activity combined with the capacity to prime antiviral plant defense responses for their protection against viruses. This review discusses the possible mechanisms used to suppress a viral attack as well as the use of local endophytic bacteria for antiviral control in crops.
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Brígido, Clarisse, Esther Menéndez, Ana Paço, Bernard R. Glick, Anabela Belo, Maria R. Félix, Solange Oliveira, and Mário Carvalho. "Mediterranean Native Leguminous Plants: A Reservoir of Endophytic Bacteria with Potential to Enhance Chickpea Growth under Stress Conditions." Microorganisms 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100392.
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Bacterial endophytes, a subset of a plant’s microbiota, can facilitate plant growth by a number of different mechanisms. The aims of this study were to assess the diversity and functionality of endophytic bacterial strains from internal root tissues of native legume species grown in two distinct sites in South of Portugal and to evaluate their ability to promote plant growth. Here, 122 endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from 12 different native legume species. Most of these bacteria possess at least one of the plant growth-promoting features tested in vitro, with indole acetic acid production being the most common feature among the isolates followed by the production of siderophores and inorganic phosphate solubilization. The results of in planta experiments revealed that co-inoculation of chickpea plants with specific endophytic bacteria along with N2-fixing symbionts significantly improved the total biomass of chickpea plants, in particular when these plants were grown under saline conditions. Altogether, this study revealed that Mediterranean native legume species are a reservoir of plant growth-promoting bacteria, that are also tolerant to salinity and to toxic levels of Mn. Thus, these bacterial endophytes are well adapted to common constraints present in soils of this region which constitutes important factors to consider in the development of bacterial inoculants for stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region.
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Sessitsch, Angela, Birgit Reiter, and Gabriele Berg. "Endophytic bacterial communities of field-grown potato plants and their plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic abilities." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-118.
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To study the effect of plant growth on potato-associated bacteria, the composition and properties of bacteria colonizing the endosphere of field-grown potato were analyzed by a multiphasic approach. The occurrence and diversity of potato-associated bacteria were monitored by a cultivation-independent approach, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA. The patterns obtained revealed a high heterogeneity of community composition and suggested the existence of plant-specific communities. However, endophytic populations correlated to a certain extent with plant growth performance. Endophytes were also isolated from plants that grew well or grew poorly and were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. A broad phylogenetic spectrum was found among isolates and differently growing plants hosted different bacterial populations. In an approach to investigate the plant-growth-promoting potential of potato-associated bacteria, a total of 35 bacteria were screened by dual testing for in vitro antagonism towards (i) the fungal pathogens Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Phytophthora cactorum and (ii) the bacterial pathogens Erwinia carotovora, Streptomyces scabies, and Xanthomonas campestris. The proportion of isolates with antagonistic activity was highest against Streptomyces sp. (43%) followed by those against Xanthomonas sp. (29%). As all plants showed more or less severe disease symptoms of scab disease caused by Streptomyces scabies, we assume that the presence of the pathogen induced the colonization of antagonists. The antifungal activity of the isolates was generally low. The biotechnological potential of endophytic isolates assessed by their antagonistic activity and by in vitro production of enzymes, antibiotics, siderophores, and the plant growth hormone indole-1,3-acetic acid was generally high. Overall, seven endophytes were found to antagonize fungal as well as bacterial pathogens and showed a high production of active compounds and were therefore considered promising biological control agents.Key words: T-RFLP, 16S rRNA, siderophores, IAA, biocontrol.
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Quadt-Hallmann, A., J. W. Kloepper, and N. Benhamou. "Bacterial endophytes in cotton: mechanisms of entering the plant." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-081.
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Investigations were conducted to determine how a systemic plant-colonizing bacterium Enterobacter asburiae JM22 enters cotton plant tissues. Passive uptake was excluded for JM22 by experimentation with glutaraldehyde-fixed (killed) bacterial cells applied to seeds and leaves; no bacteria were found internally or externally on roots or leaves. In contrast, application of live JM22 cells led to colonization of external and internal root and leaf tissues. Active penetration of JM22 in the absence of external wounding was demonstrated for cotton seedlings germinated on water agar and inoculated with the bacterial suspension. The mean internal bacterial population density for seedlings was 3.8 × 103 CFU/g surface-disinfected radicle tissue. Studies of in planta enzymatic activity demonstrated hydrolysis of wall-bound cellulose in the vicinity of JM22 bacterial cells. The same phenomenon was observed for a cortical root colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens 89B-61, a plant growth-promoting strain with biocontrol potential against various pathogens.Key words: endophytic bacteria, cotton, cell wall hydrolysis.
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Taghavi, Safiyh, Craig Garafola, S�bastien Monchy, Lee Newman, Adam Hoffman, Nele Weyens, Tanja Barac, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Daniel van der Lelie. "Genome Survey and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Exhibiting a Beneficial Effect on Growth and Development of Poplar Trees." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (December 5, 2008): 748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02239-08.
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ABSTRACT The association of endophytic bacteria with their plant hosts has a beneficial effect for many different plant species. Our goal is to identify endophytic bacteria that improve the biomass production and the carbon sequestration potential of poplar trees (Populus spp.) when grown in marginal soil and to gain an insight in the mechanisms underlying plant growth promotion. Members of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated a collection of 78 bacterial endophytes isolated from poplar and willow trees. As representatives for the dominant genera of endophytic gammaproteobacteria, we selected Enterobacter sp. strain 638, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3, Pseudomonas putida W619, and Serratia proteamaculans 568 for genome sequencing and analysis of their plant growth-promoting effects, including root development. Derivatives of these endophytes, labeled with gfp, were also used to study the colonization of their poplar hosts. In greenhouse studies, poplar cuttings (Populus deltoides � Populus nigra DN-34) inoculated with Enterobacter sp. strain 638 repeatedly showed the highest increase in biomass production compared to cuttings of noninoculated control plants. Sequence data combined with the analysis of their metabolic properties resulted in the identification of many putative mechanisms, including carbon source utilization, that help these endophytes to thrive within a plant environment and to potentially affect the growth and development of their plant hosts. Understanding the interactions between endophytic bacteria and their host plants should ultimately result in the design of strategies for improved poplar biomass production on marginal soils as a feedstock for biofuels.
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Mandon, Karine, Fanny Nazaret, Davoud Farajzadeh, Geneviève Alloing, and Pierre Frendo. "Redox Regulation in Diazotrophic Bacteria in Interaction with Plants." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060880.
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Plants interact with a large number of microorganisms that greatly influence their growth and health. Among the beneficial microorganisms, rhizosphere bacteria known as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria increase plant fitness by producing compounds such as phytohormones or by carrying out symbioses that enhance nutrient acquisition. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, either as endophytes or as endosymbionts, specifically improve the growth and development of plants by supplying them with nitrogen, a key macro-element. Survival and proliferation of these bacteria require their adaptation to the rhizosphere and host plant, which are particular ecological environments. This adaptation highly depends on bacteria response to the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), associated to abiotic stresses or produced by host plants, which determine the outcome of the plant-bacteria interaction. This paper reviews the different antioxidant defense mechanisms identified in diazotrophic bacteria, focusing on their involvement in coping with the changing conditions encountered during interaction with plant partners.
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CHAUHAN, HEMLATA, D. J. BAGYARAJ, and ANITA SHARMA. "PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES FROM SUGARCANE AND THEIR POTENTIAL IN PROMOTING GROWTH OF THE HOST UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS." Experimental Agriculture 49, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712001019.
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SUMMARYTen endophytic bacteria were isolated from different sugarcane varieties growing in the Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar on nitrogen-free medium. Plant growth-promoting potential of the isolates was reported in terms of indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production and antagonistic action against the pathogenColletotrichum falcatum, which causes red rot disease in sugarcanein vitro. All the isolates were able to produce IAA (4.8–9 μg ml−1); three isolates (H3, H5 and H14) solubilized insoluble phosphorus on Pikovaskaya's agar; two isolates (H10 and H14) showed siderophore production on Chrome-azurol S (CAS) agar and antagonism againstC. falcatumwas exhibited by two isolates (H14 and H15) in a dual plate assay. 16 S rRNA sequencing identified isolates H3 and H12 asPseudomonasspp., and H8, H14 and H15 asBacillusspp. A field experiment on sugarcane was conducted with five plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytesPseudomonasspp. (H3 and H12) andBacillusspp. (H8, H14 and H15) along with standard strains ofGluconacetobacterandAzospirillumspp. Plant height, chlorophyll content, total nitrogen and cane length were significantly higher in almost all inoculated plants compared with the uninoculated control. An increase of 40% in cane yield over the control was obtained after inoculation with isolate H15 (Bacillusspp.). This was statistically on par with the standard endophyteGluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, which resulted in 42% increased cane yield. Identification of new diazotrophs and their promising results towards improving plant growth in the field suggest their use as inoculants in future.
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CHALITA, Patrícia Bombonati, Eliane do Nascimento Cunha FARIAS, Ismaele Breckenfeld da COSTA, Brenda Ferreira SOUSA, Marco Antônio Oliveira dos SANTOS, Teresinha Costa Silveira de ALBUQUERQUE, Marcos José Salgado VITAL, and Krisle da SILVA. "Characterization of bacterial endophytes from the roots of native and cultivated Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa)." Acta Amazonica 49, no. 4 (December 2019): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201804831.
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ABSTRACT Brazil nut is a very important nontimber forest product in the Amazon region. Propagation of this tree still represents a challenge due to slow and uneven seed germination. In this context, plant growth-promoting bacteria can facilitate the process of propagation. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from the roots of Brazil nut trees in native terra firme forest and cultivation areas in northern Brazil, and to identify mechanisms by which bacteria act in plant growth promotion. Overall, 90 bacterial isolates were obtained from the roots of Brazil nut trees in monoculture, agroforestry and native forest areas by using different semisolid media. The isolates were characterized by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Plant growth-promoting characteristics were evaluated by the presence of the nifH gene, aluminum phosphate solubilization and the production of indole compounds. The isolates were affiliated with 18 genera belonging to 5 different classes (α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria). The genus Bacillus was predominant in the forest and monoculture areas. Fourteen isolates presented the nifH gene. Most of the bacteria were able to solubilize aluminum phosphate and synthetize indole compounds. The results indicated high diversity of endophytic bacteria present among the roots of Brazil nut trees, mainly in the agroforestry area, which could be related to soil attributes. Among the 90 isolates, the 22 that presented the best results regarding plant growth promotion traits were good candidates for testing in seedling production of Brazil nut trees.
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Flores-Duarte, Noris J., Julia Pérez-Pérez, Salvadora Navarro-Torre, Enrique Mateos-Naranjo, Susana Redondo-Gómez, Eloísa Pajuelo, and Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente. "Improved Medicago sativa Nodulation under Stress Assisted by Variovorax sp. Endophytes." Plants 11, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11081091.
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Legumes are the recommended crops to fight against soil degradation and loss of fertility because of their known positive impacts on soils. Our interest is focused on the identification of plant-growth-promoting endophytes inhabiting nodules able to enhance legume growth in poor and/or degraded soils. The ability of Variovorax paradoxus S110T and Variovorax gossypii JM-310T to promote alfalfa growth in nutrient-poor and metal-contaminated estuarine soils was studied. Both strains behaved as nodule endophytes and improved in vitro seed germination and plant growth, as well as nodulation in co-inoculation with Ensifer medicae MA11. Variovorax ameliorated the physiological status of the plant, increased nodulation, chlorophyll and nitrogen content, and the response to stress and metal accumulation in the roots of alfalfa growing in degraded soils with moderate to high levels of contamination. The presence of plant-growth-promoting traits in Variovorax, particularly ACC deaminase activity, could be under the observed in planta effects. Although the couple V. gossypii-MA11 reported a great benefit to plant growth and nodulation, the best result was observed in plants inoculated with the combination of the three bacteria. These results suggest that Variovorax strains could be used as biofertilizers to improve the adaptation of legumes to degraded soils in soil-recovery programs.
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KHALIL, RABIATUL ADAWIYAH, SHARIFAH AMINAH SYED MOHAMAD, NUR RAHIMATUL HAYATI ABDUL RAHMAN, NURUL AIDA KAMAL IKHSAN, NORFATIMAH MOHAMED YUNUS, OLAIDE OLAWUNMI AJIBOLA, NURLIANA ABD MUTALIB, and MOHD CAIRUL IQBAL BIN MOHD AMIN. "CHARACTERISATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM NAM-NAM PLANTS (Cynometra cauliflora) FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING FACTORS." Malaysian Applied Biology 51, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.19.
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Plant-beneficial microorganisms also known as endophytes colonize the inside healthy tissues of living plants and form mutualistic relationships with them. Endophytes are important components of the plant microbiome and give a variety of benefits to their hosts. Nam-Nam plant (Cynometra cauliflora), is an indigenous tree to Peninsular Malaysia with various medicinal properties. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from different parts of Nam-Nam plants such as leaves, stems, and roots. The ethyl acetate extracts from the endophytic bacteria were tested for their antibacterial activity against 7 bacterial pathogens. Plant growth promotion traits including starch hydrolysis, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production were screened among the endophytic bacteria isolates. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for isolates with good antibacterial activity and plant growth promotion traits. A total of 33 endophytic bacteria comprising 27 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. The antibacterial activity was demonstrated by 7 isolates in which R1L3 and TKL2 extracts exhibited significant activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Production of IAA was exhibited by 15 isolates wherein R1S4 produced the highest IAA (20.62 µg/mL). Analysis of the 16S gene sequence revealed that RIR2, TKS2/R1L3, and R1S4/R1S5 belonged to Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Mycobacteroides abscessus, and Sphingomonas sp, respectively. The findings from this study showed that Nam-Nam plants harbored endophytic isolates with the potential to be established as a source of natural compounds that can be used to develop new anti-infection agents in the future. This is the first study to report on antibacterial activity and IAA production by endophytic bacteria from the Nam-Nam plants.
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Pushkaran, Pooja, Dinta Daniel, Sivaramakrishnan Subramaniyan, and G. S. Sandhia. "Isolation and Characterisation of Endophytic Bacteria from Holostemma ada-kodien Schult." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 1949–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.3.34.
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Plants with medical properties are often enriched with endophytes that have the potential to produce important bioactive compounds. Endophytes after entering the plant tissue may either colonize a particular tissue or may spread throughout the host plant without causing damage. The possession of pharmaceutical and biological properties has made the Holostemma ada-kodien Schult as one of the widely used plants of medicinal importance in India. Following the direct cut method three endophytic bacterial strains (UC H1, UC H4 and UC H7) were isolated, identified and characterized from the healthy looking rhizome of H. ada-kodien. Among these isolates, UC H1 and UC H4 were found to have many properties like antibacterial compounds, hydrolytic enzymes and plant growth promoting traits. The isolate UC H4 have ability for Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) production of 513.54 U/ml and very good protease and pectinase activities of 20.65 U/ml and 16.09 U/ml respectively. So far no reports are available on the endophytic microflora of H. ada-kodien.
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Kishan, Kharol. "A Review of Endophytes\' Ability to Promote Plant Development on Medicinal Herbs." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44935.
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Abstract: Countless microbes live in the bodies of animals and plants. Plant growth is aided by the interaction between microbes and plants. They can be used as bio-fertilizers because of their nutrient intake and nitrogen-fixing capacity. These bacteria produce important metabolites and secondary metabolites that can be used to treat cancer and other chronic human diseases. They play a key role in the decomposition of heavy metals in the soil. In other words, they have a positive impact on agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, and food science. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used to improve the growth of a wide range of crops, such as seed germination, plant weight, and harvest yields. Plant development is triggered by PGPR colonization because bacteria produce plant hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, and gibberellins, as well as enhanced mineral and nitrogen availability in the soil. They are also known to defend their host plants from harmful bacteria in some cases. The role of PGPR in connection to medicinal plants and their impact on the development of botanicals is an area where there is still a lot of research to be done. This review highlights the potential PGPR–medicinal plant interactions that could boost the medicinal plant's effectiveness, particularly in farmed plants. The significance of medicinal plant endophytic microbes for bioactive potentials.
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Shahzad, Raheem, Abdul Latif Khan, Saqib Bilal, Sajjad Asaf, and In-Jung Lee. "Plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria versus pathogenic infections: an example ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensRWL-1 andFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciin tomato." PeerJ 5 (March 16, 2017): e3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3107.
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Fungal pathogenic attacks are one of the major threats to the growth and productivity of crop plants. Currently, instead of synthetic fungicides, the use of plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes has been considered intriguingly eco-friendly in nature. Here, we aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic approach by using seed-borne endophyticBacillus amyloliquefaciensRWL-1 against pathogenicFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici. The results revealed significant suppression of pathogenic fungal growth byBacillus amyloliquefaciensin vitro. Further to this, we inoculated tomato plants with RWL-1 andF. oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciin the root zone. The results showed that the growth attributes and biomass were significantly enhanced by endophytic-inoculation during disease incidence as compared toF. oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciinfected plants. Under pathogenic infection, the RWL-1-applied plants showed increased amino acid metabolism of cell wall related (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine (Ser), and proline (Pro)) as compared to diseased plants. In case of endogenous phytohormones, significantly lower amount of jasmonic acid (JA) and higher amount of salicylic acid (SA) contents was recorded in RWL-1-treated diseased plants. The phytohormones regulation in disease incidences might be correlated with the ability of RWL-1 to produce organic acids (e.g., succinic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and citric acid) during the inoculation and infection of tomato plants. The current findings suggest that RWL-1 inoculation promoted and rescued plant growth by modulating defense hormones and regulating amino acids. This suggests that bacterial endophytes could be used for possible control ofF. oxysporumf. sp.lycopersiciin an eco-friendly way.
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Mei, Chuansheng, Robert L. Chretien, B. Sajeewa Amaradasa, Yimeng He, Amy Turner, and Scott Lowman. "Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Growth Promotion In Vitro and in Greenhouse." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 11, 2021): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091935.
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Phosphate is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development, and only 0.1% of the phosphate in soils is available to plants. Currently, the use of excess phosphate fertilizer has caused surface and ground water pollution and water eutrophication, resulting in algal blooms in lakes and oceans. Therefore, it is imperative to explore alternative ways to solve these problems for sustainable agricultural production and improvement of soil fertility, while protecting the environment. Microorganisms from the rhizosphere and within plants are able to solubilize insoluble soil phosphate, making it available to plants. Five high phosphate solubilizing bacteria from our bacterial endophyte library were chosen for this study and identified as Pantoea vagans IALR611, Pseudomonas psychrotolerans IALR632, Bacillus subtilis IALR1033, Bacillus safensis IALR1035 and Pantoea agglomerans IALR1325. All five bacteria significantly promoted tall fescue growth in vitro. Greenhouse experiments showed that IALR1325 significantly promoted pepper and tomato growth, and IALR632 was the best in promoting tomato growth. In addition, all these bacteria had extracellular acid phosphatase and phytase activities. One of the mechanisms for phosphate solubilization by bacteria is pH reduction caused by gluconic acid production. Our results indicate that P. agglomerans IALR1325 is a promising bacterium for future applications.
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Ullah, Ihsan, Muhammad Ali, and Muhammad Ibrahim. "Characterization and identification of plant growth promoting endophytic bacterial strain IU10." Volume 5 Issue 1, Volume 5 Issue 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34091/ajls.5.1.1.
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Growing evidence has suggested that plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria can regulate, which can be used as biofertilizers, bio-stimulants, and biocontrol agent. In the present study, Bacillus subtills IU10 was isolated from plants and was subjected to advanced chromatography and spectroscopic techniques for the extraction and isolation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Up to 10 ?g/mL of IAA was quantified in the bacterial extract using the [2H2]-IAA internal standards in GC-MS analysis. PVK agar containing Ca3(PO4)2 was used to measure the ability of IU10 to solubilize phosphate. The clear zones formed by phosphate solubilization were measured to assess the phosphate solubilization potential. Azurol-S (CAS) medium was used for measuring siderophore production. The orange halo circles were measured to quantify the siderophore production. Endophytic IU10 inoculated plants showed significantly improvement root to shoot length, biomass and chlorophyll as compared to control. The data indicates that IU10 produce phytohormones, siderophore and immobilize nutrients could be used as biofertilizer. Keywords: phytohormones, nutrient immobilization, growth promotion, endophytes.
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Diaz, Paola Andrea Escobar, Noemi Carla Baron, and Everlon Cid Rigobelo. "Bacillus spp. as plant growth-promoting bacteria in cotton under greenhouse conditions." DECEMBER 2019, no. 13(12):2019 (December 20, 2019): 2003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.12.p2003.
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The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a promising alternative method to improve plant efficiency in the utilization of chemical fertilizers, enabling a reduction of fertilizer application on crops. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ten Bacillus strains (eight B. subtilis, one B. velezensis and one B. amyloliquefaciens) to promote growth in cotton plants under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and five replicates under greenhouse conditions. The parameters related to plant growth from treatments that received the bacterial isolates were compared to the control. The parameters analyzed were shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, plant height, nitrogen content and phosphorus content in soil and in plants. The highest root dry matter was 1.24 g for the isolate 263. The total dry matter was 4.0 g for the isolate 248 and 3.54 g for the isolate 290. The highest chlorophyll content was 28 µg/cm2 for the isolate 290. The higher N content in shoot dry matter was 28 g of N for the isolate 290, 26 g for the isolate 248 and 25 g for the isolate 320. The improved P efficiency use was 32% for the isolate 248, 28% for the isolate 188 and 27% for the isolate 274. These results strongly confirm that B. subtilis isolates 248, 290 and 263 may represent a good alternative as plant growth-promoting endophytes to cotton crops, as they positively affected several parameters evaluated, such as root and shoot dry matter and phosphorus content in the soil. In addition, the parameters evaluated can strongly and positively affect plant yield. However, some isolates of B. subtilis did not promote plant growth and most likely failed as bioinoculants. This result shows the importance of properly identifying the isolate for bioinoculation to achieve success in promoting plant growth.
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Mažeikienė, Ingrida, Birutė Frercks, Daiva Burokienė, Irena Mačionienė, and Alvija Šalaševičienė. "Endophytic Community Composition and Genetic-Enzymatic Features of Cultivable Bacteria in Vaccinium myrtillus L. in Forests of the Baltic-Nordic Region." Forests 12, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121647.
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Regardless of their growth locations and species diversity, plants have endophytic bacterial communities. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is valuable for human health because of its antioxidant properties, and the plant has adapted to stressful growing conditions in forests. Here, we aimed to describe the composition of the community of endophytic microorganisms in bilberry leaves and to determine whether the diversity of endophytic bacteria varies depending on the geographical location of the plants. In this study, we evaluated the significance of endophytes in the host plant and the potential use of such bacteria. Twenty-five culturable bacterial isolates were identified in V. myrtillus leaves based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. For the first time, we report upon the diversity of endophytic communities coexisting in bilberry leaves in different geographical locations of the Nordic-Baltic region. Under harsh conditions, the bilberry plants had a greater diversity of bacteria. The bacterial families Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae and Micrococcaceae were the most common endophytes in leaves of bilberry. Strains of Staphylococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Pseudomonaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Planococcaceae were identified in samples from Finland and Norway. Plant growth-promoting genes (acdS and AcPho) and/or enzymatic activity were identified in many isolates.
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Urumbil, Sithara K., and M. Anilkumar. "Metagenomic insights into plant growth promoting genes inherent in bacterial endophytes of Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC." Plant Science Today 8, sp1 (December 9, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1357.
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Studies on the genome of endophytes reveal the metabolic potential of endophytic microbiome including both culturable and unculturable fractions. The metagenome analysis through the Illumina HiSeq platform gives access to the genetic data encrypted for the molecular machinery, which takes part in plant growth promotion activity of the endophyte in various aspects including production of plant growth hormones and enhancing nutrient availability for the host plant. The present work was undertaken to identify the genes involved in plant growth promotion activities from the endophytes of Emilia sonchifolia(Linn.) DC. through metagenome analysis. Metagenomic studies include the analysis of functional annotations which aid in the detection of biocatalysts taking part in the metabolic pathway of host plants. The annotations of expressed genes in different databases like NCBI Nr, KEGG, eggnog and CAZy resulted in enlisting the vast array of information on the genetic diversity of the endophytic microbiome. The metagenome analysis of endophytic bacteria from the medicinal plant E.sonchifolia unveiled characteristic functional genes involved in plant growth promotion such as nitrogen metabolism (nif) and siderophore production (enterobactin category), ipdC and tnaA (IAA producing), ACC deaminase coding genes (regulation of elevated ethylene levels in host tissues), Mo-Nitrogenase, nitrous-oxide reductase (nosZ), nitrate reductase (narG, napA), nitrite reductase (nirD) (nutrient assimilation and absorption) enterobactin siderophore synthetase components F and D and acid phosphatase genes. This clearly explains the effective plant-microbe relationship and the role of bacterial endophytic microbes in regulating the growth of host plants.
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Zhang, Qiuwei, Kathryn L. Kingsley, and James F. White. "Endophytic Pseudomonas sp. from Agave palmeri Participate in the Rhizophagy Cycle and Act as Biostimulants in Crop Plants." Biology 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121790.
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Plant growth-promoting bacteria are generating increasing interest in the agricultural industry as a promising alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers; however, much of the focus has been on rhizosphere bacteria. Bacterial endophytes are another promising source of plant growth-promoting bacteria, and though many plants have already been prospected for beneficial microbes, desert plants have been underrepresented in such studies. In this study, we show the growth-promoting potential of five strains of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. isolated from Agave palmeri, an agave from the Sonoran Desert. When inoculated onto Kentucky bluegrass, clover, carrot, coriander, and wheat, endophytic Pseudomonas sp. increased seedling root lengths in all hosts and seedling shoot lengths in Kentucky bluegrass, carrot, and wheat. Transformation of the Pseudomonas sp. strain P3AW to express the fluorescent protein mCherry revealed that Pseudomonas sp. becomes endophytic in non-native hosts and participates in parts of the rhizophagy cycle, a process by which endophytic bacteria cycle between the soil and roots, bringing in nutrients from the soil which are then extracted through reactive oxygen-mediated bacterial degradation in the roots. Tracking of the Pseudomonas sp. strain P3AW also provided evidence for a system of endophyte, or endophyte cell content, transport via the vascular bundle. These results provide further evidence of the rhizophagy cycle in plants and how it relates to growth promotion in plants by biostimulant bacteria.
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Brígido, Clarisse, Sakshi Singh, Esther Menéndez, Maria Tavares, Bernard Glick, Maria Félix, Solange Oliveira, and Mário Carvalho. "Diversity and Functionality of Culturable Endophytic Bacterial Communities in Chickpea Plants." Plants 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8020042.
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The aims of this study were to isolate, identify and characterize culturable endophytic bacteria from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) roots grown in different soils. In addition, the effects of rhizobial inoculation, soil and stress on the functionality of those culturable endophytic bacterial communities were also investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the endophytic bacteria isolated in this work belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with Enterobacter and Pseudomonas being the most frequently observed genera. Production of indoleacetic acid and ammonia were the most widespread plant growth-promoting features, while antifungal activity was relatively rare among the isolates. Despite the fact that the majority of bacterial endophytes were salt- and Mn-tolerant, the isolates obtained from soil with Mn toxicity were generally more Mn-tolerant than those obtained from the same soil amended with dolomitic limestone. Several associations between an isolate’s genus and specific plant growth-promoting mechanisms were observed. The data suggest that soil strongly impacts the Mn tolerance of endophytic bacterial communities present in chickpea roots while rhizobial inoculation induces significant changes in terms of isolates’ plant growth-promoting abilities. In addition, this study also revealed chickpea-associated endophytic bacteria that could be exploited as sources with potential application in agriculture.
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Roodi, Davood, James P. Millner, Craig McGill, Richard D. Johnson, Ruy Jauregui, and Stuart D. Card. "Methylobacterium, a major component of the culturable bacterial endophyte community of wild Brassica seed." PeerJ 8 (July 10, 2020): e9514. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9514.
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Background Plants are commonly colonized by a wide diversity of microbial species and the relationships created can range from mutualistic through to parasitic. Microorganisms that typically form symptomless associations with internal plant tissues are termed endophytes. Endophytes associate with most plant species found in natural and managed ecosystems. They are extremely important plant partners that provide improved stress tolerance to the host compared with plants that lack this symbiosis. Plant domestication has reduced endophyte diversity and therefore the wild relatives of many crop species remain untapped reservoirs of beneficial microbes. Brassica species display immense diversity and consequently provide the greatest assortment of products used by humans from a single plant genus important for agriculture, horticulture, bioremediation, medicine, soil conditioners, composting crops, and in the production of edible and industrial oils. Many endophytes are horizontally transmitted, but some can colonize the plant’s reproductive tissues, and this gives these symbionts an efficient mechanism of propagation via plant seed (termed vertical transmission). Methods This study surveyed 83 wild and landrace Brassica accessions composed of 14 different species with a worldwide distribution for seed-originating bacterial endophytes. Seed was stringently disinfected, sown within sterile tissue culture pots within a sterile environment and incubated. After approximately 1-month, direct isolation techniques were used to recover bacterial endophytes from roots and shoots of symptomless plants. Bacteria were identified based on the PCR amplification of partial 16S rDNA gene sequences and annotated using the BLASTn program against the NCBI rRNA database. A diversity index was used as a quantitative measure to reflect how many different bacterial species there were in the seed-originating microbial community of the Brassica accessions sampled. Results Bacterial endophytes were recovered from the majority of the Brassica accessions screened. 16S rDNA gene sequencing identified 19 different bacterial species belonging to three phyla, namely Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria with the most frequently isolated species being Methylobacterium fujisawaense, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Pseudomonas lactis. Methylobacterium was the dominant genus composing 56% of the culturable isolated bacterial community and was common in 77% of accessions possessing culturable bacterial endophytes. Two selected isolates of Methylobacterium significantly promoted plant growth when inoculated into a cultivar of oilseed rape and inhibited the growth of the pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans in dual culture. This is the first report that investigates the seed-originating endophytic microorganisms of wild Brassica species and highlights the Brassica microbiome as a resource for plant growth promoting bacteria and biological control agents.
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Karnwal, Arun, and Aradhana Dohroo. "Effect of maize root exudates on indole-3-acetic acid production by rice endophytic bacteria under influence of L-tryptophan." F1000Research 7 (January 25, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13644.1.
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Background: It is assumed that plant growth regulators produced by beneficial bacterial species could also influence plant growth. IAA is a major plant growth regulator responsible for stimulation of plant growth. There are several microorganisms which are naturally responsible for L- tryptophan metabolism. Methods: In total, 56 indigenous morphologically distinct isolates from rice roots were selected and subsequently characterized with biochemical tests, 16S rRNA sequencing and plant growth promoting activities. Pseudomonas fluorescens RE1 (GenBank: MF102882.1) and RE17 (GenBank: MF103672.1) endophytes resulted in better PGP activity against the other 54 isolates. Both endophytes were tested to screen indole-3-acetic acid production ability in pure culture conditions with L-tryptophan at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 500µg/ml concentrations. Results: P. fluorescens RE1 was recorded efficient for indole production in comparison to P. fluorescens RE17 at various L-tryptophan concentrations. P. fluorescens RE1 was shown to produce between 0.8 µg/ml and 11.5µg/ml of indole at various tryptophan concentrations, while RE17 produced between 1.2µg/ml and 10.2µg/ml. At 200 and 500µg/ml tryptophan concentration, P. fluorescens RE17 produced 7.4pmol/ml and 9.3pmol/ml IAA, respectively. Conclusions: Inoculation of maize seed with P. fluorescens RE1 and RE17 showed a significantly higher level of IAA production in comparison to non-inoculated seeds. Current study outcomes proved that plant growth regulators produced by Pseudomonas species could also play a critical role in plant growth promotion.
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Giongo, Adriana, Anelise Beneduzi, Kelsey Gano, Luciano Kayser Vargas, Laura Utz, and Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia. "Characterization of plant growth-promoting bacteria inhabiting Vriesea gigantea Gaud. and Tillandsia aeranthos (Loiseleur) L.B. Smith (Bromeliaceae)." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000300010.
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Microorganisms that live inside and around a plant can supply it with essential substances, such as phytohormones and essential nutrients. The present investigation aimed to isolate and characterize the phyllosphere, the endophytic, and the water tank bacteria associated with Vriesea gigantea and Tillandsia aeranthos. The bacteria were tested for siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, and presence of the nif H gene. Genetic diversity of the bacterial isolates was evaluated by rep-PCR. Sixty-eight bacterial strains were isolated from 3 different microhabitats of V. gigantea and from 2 microhabitats of T. aeranthos bromeliad plants. Gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli comprised most bacterial isolates. All isolates produced IAA in vitro in presence of very low amounts of tryptophan. More than 70% of the evaluated bacteria presented the ability of siderophore production and phosphate solubilization, and possessed the nif H gene. It was not possible to distinguish well-defined groups of isolates based on the bromeliad species and microhabitat they inhabit using genetic characterization by rep-PCR. Water tanks presented the most abundant diversity compared with phyllosphere and endophytes, probably due to the high nutrient concentration, which promotes an ideal environment for complex microbial communities.
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Jiménez-Gómez, Alejandro, Zaki Saati-Santamaría, Martin Kostovcik, Raúl Rivas, Encarna Velázquez, Pedro F. Mateos, Esther Menéndez, and Paula García-Fraile. "Selection of the Root Endophyte Pseudomonas brassicacearum CDVBN10 as Plant Growth Promoter for Brassica napus L. Crops." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111788.
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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important crop worldwide, due to its multiple uses, such as a human food, animal feed and a bioenergetic crop. Traditionally, its cultivation is based on the use of chemical fertilizers, known to lead to several negative effects on human health and the environment. Plant growth-promoting bacteria may be used to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, but efficient bacteria in controlled conditions frequently fail when applied to the fields. Bacterial endophytes, protected from the rhizospheric competitors and extreme environmental conditions, could overcome those problems and successfully promote the crops under field conditions. Here, we present a screening process among rapeseed bacterial endophytes to search for an efficient bacterial strain, which could be developed as an inoculant to biofertilize rapeseed crops. Based on in vitro, in planta, and in silico tests, we selected the strain Pseudomonas brassicacearum CDVBN10 as a promising candidate; this strain produces siderophores, solubilizes P, synthesizes cellulose and promotes plant height in 5 and 15 days-post-inoculation seedlings. The inoculation of strain CDVBN10 in a field trial with no addition of fertilizers showed significant improvements in pod numbers, pod dry weight and shoot dry weight. In addition, metagenome analysis of root endophytic bacterial communities of plants from this field trial indicated no alteration of the plant root bacterial microbiome; considering that the root microbiome plays an important role in plant fitness and development, we suggest this maintenance of the plant and its bacterial microbiome homeostasis as a positive result. Thus, Pseudomonas brassicacearum CDVBN10 seems to be a good biofertilizer to improve canola crops with no addition of chemical fertilizers; this the first study in which a plant growth-promoting (PGP) inoculant specifically designed for rapeseed crops significantly improves this crop’s yields in field conditions.
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Yousefi, H., N. Hassanzadeh, K. Behboudi, and F. Beiki Firouzjahi. "Identification and determination of characteristics of endophytes from rice plants and their role in biocontrol of bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2018-0003.
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SummaryEndophytic bacteria of rice plants (Oryza sativaL.) from eight different cultivars were screened for their ability in inducing disease symptoms, plant growth promotion and antagonistic activity againstXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae.Out of the 63 whole isolates, five were plant pathogens. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these were identified asPseudomonas oryzihabitans,P. fulva,Pantoea ananatis,Pantoeasp.,Cellulomonassp. Four out of the 63 isolates behaved as potentially good plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agents. These were identified asBacillussp.,B. subtilis,Pseudomonas putidaandEnterobactersp. This is the first report of pathogenic and endophytic bacteria from rice grown in field conditions in North of Iran.
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Akhtar, Saqib Saleem, Mathias Neumann Andersen, Muhammad Naveed, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, and Fulai Liu. "Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 8 (2015): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp15054.
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The objective of this work was to study the interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and exopolysaccharide activity on mitigating salinity stress in maize (Zea mays L.). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and were subjected to separate or combined treatments of biochar (0% and 5%, w/w) and two endophytic bacterial strains (Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. (FD17)) and salinity stress. The results indicated that salinity significantly decreased the growth of maize, whereas both biochar and inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity on maize performance either by decreasing the xylem Na+ concentration ([Na+]xylem) uptake or by maintaining nutrient balance within the plant, especially when the two treatments were applied in combination. Moreover, in biochar-amended saline soil, strain FD17 performed significantly better than did PsJN in reducing [Na+]xylem. Our results suggested that inoculation of plants with endophytic baterial strains along with biochar amendment could be an effective approach for sustaining crop production in salt-affected soils.
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Martínez-Hidalgo, Pilar, José David Flores-Félix, Fernando Sánchez-Juanes, Raúl Rivas, Pedro F. Mateos, Ignacio Santa Regina, Álvaro Peix, Eustoquio Martínez-Molina, José M. Igual, and Encarna Velázquez. "Identification of Canola Roots Endophytic Bacteria and Analysis of Their Potential as Biofertilizers for Canola Crops with Special Emphasis on Sporulating Bacteria." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091796.
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Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleracea) is the third most common oil-producing crop worldwide after palm and soybean. Canola cultivation requires the use of chemical fertilizers, but the amount required can be reduced by applying plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria have certain advantages as biofertilizers, but canola endophytic bacteria have rarely been studied. In this work, we identified a collection of bacterial endophytes isolated from canola roots using MALDI-TOF MS, a technique that is still rarely used for the identification of such bacteria, and rrs gene sequencing, a methodology that is commonly used to identify canola endophytes. The results demonstrated that some bacterial isolates from canola roots belonged to the genera Bacillus, Neobacillus, Peribacillus (Pe.), and Terribacillus, but most isolates belonged to the genera Paenibacillus (P.) and Pseudomonas (Ps.). Inoculation of these isolates indicated that several of them could efficiently promote canola seedling growth in hydroponic conditions. These results were then confirmed in a microcosm experiment using agricultural soil, which demonstrated that several isolates of Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Paenibacillus sp. (Paenibacillus glucanolyticus/Paenibacillus lautus group), and Peribacillus simplex (previously Bacillus simplex) could efficiently promote canola shoot growth under greenhouse conditions. Among them, the isolates of Paenibacillus and Peribacillus were the most promising biofertilizers for canola crops as they are sporulated rods, which is an advantageous trait when formulating biofertilizers.
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Abreu, Larisse Araújo de, Lucas Marques Menezes, João Manoel da Silva, Romário Guimarães Verçosa de Araújo, Clayton dos Santos Silva, Paula Cibelly Vilela da Silva, Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos, and Maria José de Holanda Leite. "Initial Development of Hymeneae courbaril (Linnaeus.) (FABACEAE) under inoculation of edophytic bacteria from Bacillus and Herbaspirillum genus / Desenvolvimento inicial de Hymeneae courbaril (Linnaeus.) (FABACEAE) sob inoculação de bactérias endofíticas dos gêneros Bacillus e Herbaspirillum." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 12 (December 29, 2021): 112954–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n12-193.
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The rise of environmental problems and the need for recovery of degraded areas have caused interest in the knowledge of native Brazilian species. One of the major barriers to replanting native forests is the production of seedlings of species that can fuel reforestation programs. Hymenaea courbaril is a forest species, has great forest and environmental importance and is very suitable for plants in degraded areas, which can be restored by vegetation, recommended for silvipastoral, pasture afforestation and others. One of the major barriers to replanting native forests is the production of seedlings of species that can fuel reforestation programs. One solution is how growth promoting bacteria that are part of the plant's resident population and are not phytopathogenic. These bacteria can be used to treat micropropagated seeds, explants and seedlings incorporated into the plant substrate. Thus, due to the lack of studies with growth-promoting bacteria in tree species, the aim of this work is to evaluate or development of H. courbaril seedlings. Inoculants are inoculated with growth-promoting endophytes using biometric parameters such as plant size. collection, leaf number, plant height, root system length, biomass and dry matter of shoot and root system. In general the bacteria Herbaspirillum sp. the best result was obtained when an inoculation directly in the soil, presenting greater development of biometric characters. For the genus Bacillus sp. seed inoculation provided further development of the plants. This study contributes to future research and recommends the use of microbial agents to promote H. courbaril growth.
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Martins, João, Aitana Ares, Vinicius Casais, Joana Costa, and Jorge Canhoto. "Identification and Characterization of Arbutus unedo L. Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Wild and Cultivated Trees for the Biological Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081569.
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Arbutus unedo L. is a resilient tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. Besides its ecological relevance, it is vital for local economies as a fruit tree. Several microorganisms are responsible for strawberry tree diseases, leading to production constrictions. Thus, the development of alternative plant protection strategies is necessary, such as bacterial endophytes, which may increase their host’s overall fitness and productivity. As agricultural practices are a driving factor of microbiota, this paper aimed to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from strawberry tree leaves from plants growing spontaneously in a natural environment as well as from plants growing in orchards. A total of 62 endophytes were isolated from leaves and identified as Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus. Although a slightly higher number of species was found in wild plants, no differences in terms of diversity indexes were found. Sixteen isolates were tested in vitro for their antagonistic effect against A. unedo mycopathogens. B. cereus was the most effective antagonist causing a growth reduction of 20% in Glomerella cingulata and 40% in Phytophthora cinnamomi and Mycosphaerella aurantia. Several endophytic isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting potential. This study provides insights into the diversity of endophytic bacteria in A. unedo leaves and their potential role as growth promoters and pathogen antagonists.
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S, Reena Mol, and A. G. Murugesan. "Plant growth promoting endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa RD10 isolated from water hyacinth for phenol degradation." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S271—S280. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.041.
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A total of twelve endophytic bacteria were isolated from the root of E. crassipes. All these bacterial strains were analyzed for phenol degradation potential. Twelve endophytic bacteria were subjected to polyphenol resistance analysis and all showed phenol tolerance up to 300 ppm. Among the twelve bacterial strains, the strain RD10 was resistant up to 800 ppm, and reduced growth were observed at higher concentrations. The plant growth-promoting properties of endophytic bacterial strains were analyzed. Among the isolated bacterial strain, only five strains produced ACC deaminase. IAA production was detected in seven bacterial isolates, while siderophore production was determined from only five bacterial strains. Among the isolated endophytes, the strain RD10 exhibited ACC deaminase, IAA, and siderophore activity in submerged fermentation. ACC deaminase production of 125.2 ± 4.8 m/ml was shown by strain RD10 and IAA production was 89.7 ± 5.1 μg/ml. Moreover, maximum siderophore production was observed (53.9 ± 4.9% siderophore units) in strain RD3. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity of the bacterial strains was analyzed. Catechol 2,3 dioxygenase activity ranges from 0.03 ± 0.01 U/mg to 35.2 ± 1.1 U/mg. Phenol degradation by the isolated endophytes was studied and the initial phenol concentration was 500 ppm. The strain RD1 degraded 1.2 ± 0.2% phenol and more than 50% phenol degradation was observed in strains RD3, RD4, RD6, RD7, RD9, RD10, and RD11, respectively. The endophytic bacterial strain was Gram-negative, rodshaped and motile. It was non-spore-forming bacteria, capsulated and, showed a positive reaction to oxidase and catalase. In MacConkey agar medium, strain RD10 forms smooth and flat colonies, and the diameter of the colonies ranged from 2 to 3 mm. The colonies have an alligator skin-like appearance on top view and have regular margins. The strain RD10 was streaked on blood agar medium and the strain RD10 produced strong pigmentation on blood agar. Antibiotic sensitivity of strain RD10 against various antibiotics in terms of zone of inhibition was analyzed. The endophytic strain RD10 was sensitive to all selected antibiotics. Based on biochemical characters, pigment analysis and, molecular characterization, the strain was confirmed as P. aeruginosa RD10. In this study, P. aeruginosa RD10 was cultured at 400, 500 and, 600 mg/l phenol concentration for 96 h. Optimum growth was achieved at 500 mg/l concentration and an inhibitory effect was observed at 600 mg/l phenol concentration. The results confirmed that the selected strain can withstand and grow well at 500 mg/l phenol concentration. The strain RD10 was cultured at various incubation temperatures with 500 mg/l phenol concentration. Optimization of environmental factors can lead to maximum degradation of phenol. The results revealed that phenol degradation was influenced by temperature. The highest phenol degradation was achieved at 30 °C in Erlenmeyer flask culture and decreased at high temperatures. P. aeruginosa RD10 could degrade phenol at pH 5.5 (10.2 ± 0.5% removal), at pH 6.0, 15.4 ± 1.1% of the phenol was degraded after incubation for 72 h at 30 °C. Phenol removal (%) declined to 70.4 ± 2.9% at higher initial pH value (9.0).