Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Endommagement de faille'
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Traore, Nafissatou. "Modélisation numérique de la propagation des failles décrochantes dans la lithosphère." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066203/document.
Full textNumerical modelling of strike-slip faults propagation is essential to understand the long-term mechanical behavior of the lithosphere. Firstly, we aim to reproduce the interseismic deformation of a preexisting fault. The modelling of this interseismic regime enables us to determine what rheology and loading, both mechanically and geologically justifiable, are required to obtain a surface deformation that matches the geodetic measurements. When the lateral displacement is due to the long-term plates motion, a structural heterogeneity has to be imposed by the mean of a weak viscous zone beneath the locked fault. Secondly, we study fault propagation by using damage mechanics. This approach allows the prediction of damage evolution, without previously knowing the propagation path, and makes the link with the Griffith's theory. We improve this approach with the introduction of a residual tangential stress on the fault that is similar to fault planes friction, and we use mixed resolution methods, which represents a novelty in damage mechanics. These developments make possible the description of fault evolution for simple cases, and open the way towards the use of new growth and propagation fault models
GREFFET, PASCAL MARIE-MADELEINE. "Source sismique et endommagement : etude physique et numerique." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077065.
Full textMayolle, Sylvain. "Croissance des zones d’endommagement de faille : étude structurale en milieu carbonaté et modélisations analogiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MONTG019.
Full textThe study of faults in the upper crust generates interest in modeling their impact on fluid flow and the mechanical behavior of the earth's crust. Fault damage zones are important structures with multiple implications for resource management and earthquake studies. This thesis aims to characterize the distribution and growth of damage around faults and to study its impact on the Displacement - Damage thickness (D-T) scaling law. Two complementary approaches of field measurements and analog modeling of normal faults are developed to answer this question. This manuscript presents new results of fault damage mapping, D-T scaling in carbonate rocks, and the first analog modeling experiments of fault damage zones. The results show a heterogeneous and asymmetric distribution of damage around faults, mainly influenced by fault interactions during their growth (segmentation, conjugate faults). A D-T law specific to wall damage is established and shows a normal correlation between D and T for less than 100 m of fault displacement, and also confirms the existence of a damage thickness threshold after 100 m of displacement. To explain this law, we propose a damage zone growth model controlled by the interaction and coalescence of fault segments. Analog modeling experiments allowed the description of two new types of damage (graben damage and dip-change link damage), and show a failure mode transition during fault growth, from a segmented dilatational-shear mode to a localized compactional-shear mode. They also demonstrate that initiation of segmentation, segment activity selection, interaction and coalescence processes control the development of fault damage zones and the D-T law. We propose that the thickness of the faulted brittle layer is a main controlling parameter of segmentation, strain localization, and the fault damage thickness threshold observed
Hok, Sébastien. "Vers l'arrêt spontané de la rupture en dynamique de la source : non-élasticité du milieu et loi de friction hétérogène." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00328244.
Full textTout d'abord, nous avons inclus une limite à l'élasticité du milieu entourant la faille, afin de simuler la propagation de la rupture dans un milieu fracturé, qui dissipe une partie de l'énergie libérée. Nous avons, pour la première fois, inclus et étudié l'impact de cette dissipation dans un modèle de rupture 3D. La rupture, dans ces conditions, est beaucoup plus sensible aux barrières, et s'arrête plus facilement. La cinématique de la rupture est remarquablement modifiée (vitesse de propagation plus lente, vitesse de dislocation maximale limitée). Les mouvements engendrés en surface sont atténués. La plasticité est, de fait, un phénomène crucial à prendre en compte dans la modélisation de la rupture sismique.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié l'impact d'une hétérogénéité spatiale de résistance à la rupture sur la faille. L'introduction de l'hétérogénéité permet d'obtenir des profils de glissement dont la forme se rapproche des formes observées dans les cas naturels. La propagation et l'arrêt de la rupture perdent leur caractère prédictible lorsque ce sont de petites barrières qui arrêtent la rupture progressivement. On peut obtenir une grande variété de tailles d'événements pour une même statistique de taille des barrières. L'obtention d'une loi puissance de type Gutemberg-Richter sur toute la gamme des tailles d'événements est conditionnée par l'augmentation progressive de l'énergie de fracturation avec la taille de la rupture, d'une façon similaire à ce qui est obtenu en considérant un comportement plastique du milieu.
Enfin, l'étude des relations glissement final - taille de l'aspérité rompue, dans des modèles lisses de type aspérité/barrière, a montré que la dynamique contrôlait une partie de la loi d'échelle du glissement maximum, et que la segmentation des failles modifie sensiblement la loi d'échelle.
Priasso, Valentin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'endommagement des composites stratifiés avec intercouches." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN029/document.
Full textThe aim of this research work is to determine the influence of thermoplastic particles which are inside the interleaf of a laminate on its mechanical behavior. This interleaf between each ply enables the interply toughness to increase and prevents from delamination, especially for out-of-plane loadings. This PhD focuses on damages occurring during in-plane-loading, such as transverse crack and micro-delamination. Appropriate experimental tests have been performed, both at the scale of the particles (Compact Tension) and at the scale of the structure (double notch) in order to describe the interaction between the particles and these two damages. A local numerical study based on fracture mechanics has been performed on a Representative Volume Element. The influence of several parameters of the interleaf, such as its thickness, its stiffness compared to the one the ply and the repartition of the particles was determined. The results of this study constitute a new route towards a material by design of interleaved laminates approach. At the coupon structural scale, the parameters for the simulation using the damage meso model of the laboratory LMT of ENS have been accurately identified. Several experiments for both in-plane and out-of-plane loadings have been simulated using the meso model in order to verify the required model parameters. All experimental results have been compared to the numerical ones, showing that this model is able to describe the damage behavior of interleaved laminates
Maouche, Nadir. "Modélisation des phénomènes d'endommagements dus aux contacts à faible amplitude de débattement." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9732.
Full textConte, Cécile. "Comportement mécanique du foie en contexte traumatique : rupture et endommagement des tissus." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4103.
Full textEvery year in France, about 2000 cases of abdominal injuries are due to car crashes. These injuries are often severe and 20% of them are lethal. They require long and expensive treatments because half of cases needs surgery. Among abdominal organs, liver is one of the most frequently and severely injured: haemorrhage and infectious risks are real. To improve hepatic injuries prevention, the definition of efficient safety devices should be based on a comprehensive knowledge of these structures behaviour and liver injury mechanisms. Thus the aim of this thesis was to build a predictive tool for hepatic injuries in crash situation. To achieve this point, we performed experimental uniaxial compressions of human livers with various loading speeds. We then observed the visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the liver and its failure modes at the global scale and also at the cells scale. After that, we chose a theoretical framework which was adapted both to the observed behaviour and to the damage and rupture description. We finally built a finite element model which integrate a precise description of liver structures (parenchyma, capsule and vascular trees), the theoretical behaviours deduced from the experimental phase, the failure of the different tissues and the fluid action within the vascular structures. After the model calibration and validation with experimental observations, this FEM makes up the wanted predictive tool for hepatic injuries. This tool can be used both with slow and rapid loading speeds
Lenoir, Nicolas. "Comportement mécanique et rupture dans les roches argileuses étudiés par micro tomographie à rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10025.
Full textWITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FEASABILITY STUDIES OF UNDERGROUND REPOSITORIES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE, THE STUDY OF PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION WITH DAMAGE OF THE HOST LAYER IS CRUCIAL. THE GOALS OF THIS WORK WERE : (i) TO CHARACTERIZE EXPERIMENTALLY THE DAMAGE OF TWO CLAYEY ROCKS (BEAUCAIRE MARL AND EAST SHALE) WITH X-RAY MICRO TOMOGRAPHY, (ii) TO DEVELOPP A HIGH PRESSURE TRIAXIAL SET-UP ADAPTED TO PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT ON VERY LOW PERMEABILITY ROCKS. A NUMBER OF ORIGINAL TRIAXIAL DEVICES HAVE BEEN REALISED TO CHARACTERIZE DAMAGE OF CLAYEY ROCKS, UNDER DEVIATORIC LOADING, WITH X-RAY MICRO TOMOGRAPHY ON A SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE AT THE ESRF (GRENOBLE). LOCALIZED DAMAGE AND ITS EVOLUTION HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED AT A FINE SCALE (OF ORDER OF TEN MICRONS). DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION TECHNIQUES, EXTENDED TO 3D IMAGES, HAVE BEEN USED TO MEASURE INCREMENTAL STRAIN FIELDS FROM TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT THESE TECHNIQUES ARE VERY USEFUL IN THE STUDY OF THE LOCALIZED DAMAGE OF GEOMATERIALS AND ESPECIALLY FOR THE INITIATION. A HIGH PRESSURE TRIAXIAL DEVICE HAS BEEN REALISED TO MEASURE PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION OF THE EAST SHALE AS A FUNCTION OF APLLIED STRESS (ISOTROPIC AND DEVIATORIC). THE PARTICULARITY OF THIS SET-UP IS THE SMALL SIZE OF THE TEST SPECIMEN (CYLINDER OF 10MM IN DIAMETER AND 20MM IN HEIGHT) WHICH ALLOWS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF TEST DURATION
Adrouche, Karim. "Contribution a l'etude de l'endommagement de la liaison acier-beton sous chargements cycliques de faible frequence." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0005.
Full textChantrait, Teddy. "Approche multiéchelle en espace et en temps pour la prévision des endommagements dans les structures composites soumises à un impact de faible énergie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0129/document.
Full textThe composite laminates are increasingly used in aircraft structural parts which lead to new issues such as the Low Energy Impacts (LEI). Indeed, although they have well mechanical properties relative to their mass, small shocks may be very harmfull for laminates. Controlling such situations is essential for manufacturers that why lot of testing campaigns are currently performed. Yet, they are time consuming and expensive considering the many influential parameters (energy, speed, layup...). Numerical simulations of this phenomenon by practicing the so called “virtual testing” process could be really helpfull to rationalize testing campaigns in order to save money. Yet, this practice remain currently hard to do at the industrial scale due to the excessive CPU time required for fine simulation of damages induced by the LEI. Based on this observation, this work has consisted in taking advantage of the spatial and temporal location of delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breakage that can occur during impact in order to reduce the computational cost. Thus, a space and time multiscale method has been put in place. The impacted structure is split into two areas. One is located around the impacted point, it contains all the non-regularities of the problem (contact, softening law, cohesive zone model). This domain is treated with the explicit dynamics code Europlexus. The other one corresponds to the complementary part. The mechanical problem is much more regular and it is treated with the implicit dynamics code Zset / Zebulon. A low intrusive coupling based on the GC method is carried out between these two codes. It allows to use an adapted model in both regions different time step are in particular used. A time step ratio upper to 1000 can be reach between the one of the explicit code set by the stability condition and the one used in the complementary part. As a results, significant CPU time is saved. This is confirmed by the simulation of a stiffened composite panel impacted. It is also shown that the implicit / explicit allocation can change over the calculation. To do that, a switch mechanism has been established. It thus makes it possible to transit the resolution of a portion of the structure initially solved in the code Zebulon to Europlexus. As a results, further gain is obtained
Dupin, Christophe. "Etude du comportement mécanique des matériaux composites à matrice céramique de faible épaisseur." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955585.
Full textYang, He. "Comportement hydromécanique des bétons sous pressions de confinement faible et élevé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10161/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to characterize the mechanical and hydromechanical behavior of concrete and to develop a coupled hydromechanical model for concrete submitted a wide range of confining pressure under the saturated and partially saturated conditions.First of all, an experimental study was carried out in order to research the mechanical and hydromechanical behaviors of the material. Particular emphasis is placed on the evolution of permeability during mechanical loading. To ensure the integrity of concrete structures and avoid the privileged paths for fluid transfer, another series of tests were carried out in order to study the mechanical and hydromechanical behavior of fracture in concrete. Based on the obtained experimental data and the others research results of the concrete behavior under a large range of confining pressure, an elastoplastical model coupled with damage is proposed. This model is able to describe the main mechanical behavior of concrete under a wide range of confining pressure: the different mechanisms of developed plastics, the asymmetry of damage in compression and in tension, and the evolution of permeability during mechanical loading. .... The model was extended to the poromechanical coupling for the porous media partially saturated by using the concept of Barcelona. Finally, a poromechanical model is proposed to describe the behavior of fractures in saturated conditions. The numerical results manifested a good agreement with experimental data
Mateille, Pierre. "Analyse multi-échelle des phénomènes d'endommagement d'un matériau composite de type propergol, soumis à un impact de faible intensité." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797604.
Full textMaouche, Nadir. "Modélisation des phénomènes d'endommagements dus aux contacts à faible amplitude de débattement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529372.
Full textGermain, Jérémy. "Évaluation des capacités prédictives d’un modèle avancé pour la prévision de la tenue de plaques stratifiées perforées." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN004.
Full textThis work focuses on laminated composite open-hole tensile strength prediction, with a new generation carbon/epoxy material. This PhD takes part in a project named MARCOS, led by ONERA and DASSAULT AVIATION.It aims at proposing a fair level of complexity approach to predict laminated composite open-hole tensile strength in order to reduce design office criteria conservatism and performing its validation on industrial test cases. Open-hole tensile test and analysis available in the scientific literature show that matrix cracking and delamination are two mechanisms acting on final failure. We will first perform a mechanical test campaign to characterize the studied material. A material model, written at the ply scale will be proposed.Damage is described thanks to a crack density variable, the model identification will rely on the experimental test results.Numerical difficulties occurring in finite-element computations using advanced approaches will be investigated.Then, an experimental open-hole tensile test campaign led by ONERA and DASSAULT AVIATION, will exhibit a hole size effect, as commonly observed on composite materials, but also a width effect. The width effect consists in a strength increase when the ratio between the open-hole width and the hole diameter is greater than 5 Very few studies focused on the width effect, hence, it will be investigated. We will then use the important instrumentation used on these test to explain this effect and evaluate the proposed approach predictive capabilities
Chorel, Marine. "Étude des traitements multicouches utilisés dans un environnement à faible hygrométrie sur les installations laser de puissance." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0188/document.
Full textThe chirped pulse amplification demonstrated in 1985 allowed the development of petawatt class laser such as Petal (Petawatt Aquitaine Laser). The increase of power of those facilities is limited by the resistance to laser-induced damage of the optical components placed after the compression stage. The aim of this thesis is to improve the laser-induced damage threshold of those components which are multilayer dielectric mirrors. Three paths of improvement are considered the change of design (number of layer, thicknesses), of materials and/or deposition process. A numerical study allows evaluating the potential improvement brought by two of those paths. This led to the development of a design optimization algorithm that required the prior characterization materials. Consequently, various materials deposited as single layers were laser damage tested and optically characterized to evaluate the adequacy of the materials with the deposition process. The results show a wide discrepancy that cannot be explained by the laws exposed in the literature. However, a good correlation was found between the intrinsic laser-induced damage thresholds in the infrared with the absorption in the ultraviolet confirming the influence of the multiphoton absorption in the laser-induced damage mechanisms. Finally, those experimental results combined with the optimization algorithm allowed the development of mirror samples that exhibit laser-induced damage threshold 73% higher than one of classical mirrors
Charvet, Agathe. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques et des mécanismes d’endommagement dans un polymère bio-source : l’acétate de cellulose plastifié." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1032/document.
Full textCellulose acetate (CA) is a bio based polymer. Melt processing of cellulose based thermoplastic polymers is a real challenge. One problem is the existence of a narrow window between the melting point and the degradation temperatures for cellulose acetate with a substitution degree (DS) around 2.45 (which is developed and commercialized by Rhodia Acetow). As a consequence, its processing can only be considered with a sufficient amount of externalplasticizer (between 15 and 30% by weight). The corresponding polymer/plasticizer blends areamorphous and their mechanical properties are mainly governed by the presence of a high volume fraction of strong hydrogen bonds. The plasticization of cellulose acetate has been thesubject of many studies allowing us to focus on two plasticizers: triacetin (TA), an eco-friendlyplasticizer frequently used for cellulose acetate and diethyl phthalate (DEP) which is the historicplasticizer of cellulose acetate which constitutes a reference for this work as it is usually the case in the literature. Few studies have been published regarding the mechanical properties of bulk cellulose acetate (prepared via injection molding). It is described that they are comparable to those of PS or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and have proven to be particularly interesting. Cellulose acetate based materials usually display a high Young modulus. But its small deformation at break limits its potential for new applications. The objectives of this thesis are to deeply understand the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of bulk plasticized cellulose acetate polymers. For this purpose we first analyzed the tensile behavior and the influence of various parameters such as nature and content of the plasticizer, but also the influence of the injection process. We have thus been able to highlight the appearance of a strain hardening regime from 8% of deformation under certain conditions. It appears that the choice of the plasticizer, the temperature of the experiment and the macroscopic pre-orientation of the chains significantly influence this regime. Strain hardening has already been observed in other amorphous polymers such as polycarbonate (PC) or poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) which are classified as amorphous polymers called "ductile". The origin of this regime is still undeveloped and much debated, however it appears that it stabilizes the deformation by avoiding the localization of damage and is therefore a key parameter for improving the ductility of these polymers. In order to better understand this ductility, we have made some analysis by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) as well as Ultra Small Angles X-ray Scattering (USAXS). Thanks to these characterizations we have been able to describe the micromechanisms of damage from macro to nano-scales and thus precisely describe the micromechanisms related to initiation and propagation of damage. By these analyzes we highlight the simultaneous nucleation of nano crazes around pre-existing defects (related to the injection process). These crazes grow slowly until reaching the hundred microns. However, when the applied stress becomes sufficiently high, a small portion of these crazes starts to grow faster until the failure of the sample. With DEP the kinetics of growth is very fast, causing a brittle failure of the sample. With TA this growth is slower, which makes it possible to observe the evolution of the larger crazes. This work proposes a new mechanism of damage in plasticized cellulose acetate based on experimental results and physical interpretations
Garcia, Cécile. "Modélisation de l'endommagement et de la rupture des matériaux composites tissés 3D appliquée aux chapes ceinturées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN035.
Full textThe challenge of this work is to offer tools to the Safran design office for the sizing of lugs made of organic matrix 3D woven composite material. Shear failure is the predominant failure mode on 3D woven composite lugs due to their geometry and the lack of 45° reinforcements. Thus, in this work, special attention is paid to this failure mode. An experimental characterization of the shear failure is carried out, showing matrix cracks along the shear strips. The ODM-CMO model, already validated for bearing and net tensile failure modes, is here enriched to properly describe the shear failure damage scenario. More precisely, the matrix damage evolution law is modified for high shear levels. The model is validated through comparisons with test results available on lugs.Subsequently, an innovative solution of lug is examined, based on the belting of the part. The objective of this design of lug is to provide reinforcements to avoid the shear failure mode that occurs prematurely. This concept induces complex three-dimensional stress states, and particularly off-plane components of the stress tensor. As off-plane material parameters are difficult to identify, an identification method based on full-field measurement is proposed, implemented and applied to the material of interest using elementary tests. An original technological set-up to test the belt in tension with appropriate instrumentation is proposed on the basis of simulations. Three tests have been performed. The belts failed in net tension, reflecting an increase in performance over the monolithic 3D woven composite lug studied in first part
Ben, soussia Aymen. "Modélisation tribo-physique de la coupe des composites FRP : Approches numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0019/document.
Full textSince several decades, the material removal process of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) continues to raise technical and scientific queries. The understanding of the multiple and complex phenomena generated when cutting still remains challenging for controlling the behavior of composite structures. This study addresses a multiscale analysis of elementary phenomena associated to each of the composite constituents in order to model the chip formation mechanisms owing to the multiphysical coupling. An investigation combining the experimental approach resulting in the instrumented test and numerical approach allowing to the finite element (FE) development was hence conducted. A VUMAT subroutine was built to express the constitutive formulation coupling the continuum damage mechanics to the failure mechanics by means of the triptych elasticity-damage-failure. Unlike to the binary approaches proposed by the open literature, the model proposed herein bases on the progressive damage concept for predicting the physical failure allowing to the formation of the chip. The crack initiation and growth mechanisms are controlled by the failure energies determined experimentally for each material phase. The efficiency of the VFRIC subroutine to managing the contact properties, i.e. friction, at the tool-material interface was confirmed. The numerical results proved the reliability of the model to simulate the chip formation mechanisms with respect of fiber orientation. The good agreement between the measured and predicted forces proved the interest of the rigorous modeling of the tool-material interface
Ben, Hmida Ramzi. "Identification de lois de comportement de tôles en faibles épaisseurs par développement et utilisation du procédé de microformage incrémental." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2042.
Full textThe miniaturization of components is now a world challenge. The manufacture of these componentsis difficult because of several phenomena related to the so-called size effect. It is thus necessary to fulfill theserequirements of scaling down in terms of design, implementation and operations. This study deals with theproblems of miniaturization processes, especially the “micro-Single Point" Incremental Forming process (micro-SPIF) through experimental and numerical studies. Micro-single point incremental forming process is presentedas an interesting approach for thin structures manufacturing. The desired geometry is provided by the tool pathrequiring a local deformation in a sheet clamped along its contour. Firstly, an experimental approach consistingin analyzing the mechanical behaviour of copper alloy specimens with various grain sizes by tensile tests hasbeen proposed. The interaction between the geometry and the microstructure is evaluated using the ratio of thethickness by the average grain size Φ=t/d. An instrumented micro-SPIF device was also developed. A set ofsingle point incremental sheet forming experimental tests were conducted on blanks with several grain sizesusing two forming strategies in order to study the effect of microstructure on the geometry, the surface topology,the thickness distribution and the forming forces evolutions. Secondly, a finite element parametric model capableof simulating the micro-SPIF process was developed in MATLAB® language. The commercial LS-DYNA® codewas used to simulate this process using an elastic-plastic constitutive law. Then, the results obtained in terms ofgeometry, thickness evolution and forming forces are compared with the experimental results in order to validatethe numerical procedure. Thirdly, an elastic-plastic damage model describing the main physical phenomenainvolved during metal forming by large deformation was presented. An identification procedure of thisbehaviour law based on the inverse analysis of the axial forming force during micro-SPIF process was proposedand several validation tests of the model were discussed. Finally, local identifiability analysis based on an indexof multicollinearity of the sensitivity functions was performed in order to validate the parameters identificationprocedure and quantify the advantage of the process for quantitative mechanical behaviour characterization ofthin metal sheets at large strains
Arki, Sylvain. "Etude des pièces composites à fortes singularités." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30068.
Full textParts made of composite materials in the aeronautics industry are frequently loaded in such a way that they unfold. In order to combat this phenomenon, geometry can be optimized by using freeform shapes. This thesis aims to develop a predictive unfolding model based on the local position of the fibres in order to better understand the impact of geometry and laminate on this type of parts. A modeling of the strand positions based on parametric surfaces is proposed and then experimentally validated. This model is then used by two finite element models, one based on a continuous approach and the other based on the semi-continuous approach developed by P. Navarro. These models are validated on the basis of normalised tests. The semi-continuous model is finally compared to an experimental study showing the effect of geometry and laminate on unfolding phenomena. The experimental results show a significant impact of the geometric and material components on the unfolding phenomenon while the satisfactory results of the numerical model validate the proposed approach
Stanic, Andjelka. "Solution methods for failure analysis of massive structural elements." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2383/document.
Full textThe thesis studies: the methods for failure analysis of solids and structures, and the embedded strong discontinuity finite elements for modelling material failures in quasi brittle 2d solids. As for the failure analysis, the consistently linearized path-following method with quadratic constraint equation is first presented and studied in detail. The derived path-following method can be applied in the nonlinear finite element analysis of solids and structures in order to compute a highly nonlinear solution path. However, when analysing the nonlinear problems with the localized material failures (i.e. materialsoftening), standard path-following methods can fail. For this reason we derived new versions of the pathfollowing method, with other constraint functions, more suited for problems that take into account localized material failures. One version is based on adaptive one-degree-of-freedom constraint equation, which proved to be relatively successful in analysing problems with the material softening that are modelled by the embedded-discontinuity finite elements. The other versions are based on controlling incremental plastic dissipation or plastic work in an inelastic structure. The dissipation due to crack opening and propagation, computed by e.g. embedded discontinuity finite elements, is taken into account. The advantages and disadvantages of the presented path-following methods with different constraint equations are discussed and illustrated on a set of numerical examples. As for the modelling material failures in quasi brittle 2d solids (e.g. concrete), several embedded strong discontinuity finite element formulations are derived and studied. The considered formulations are based either on: (a) classical displacement-based isoparametric quadrilateral finite element or (b) on quadrilateral finite element enhanced with incompatible displacements. In order to describe a crack formation and opening, the element kinematics is enhanced by four basic separation modes and related kinematic parameters. The interpolation functions that describe enhanced kinematics have a jump in displacements along the crack. Two possibilities were studied for deriving the operators in the local equilibrium equations that are responsible for relating the bulk stresses with the tractions in the crack. For the crack embedment, the major-principle-stress criterion was used, which is suitable for the quasi brittle materials. The normal and tangential cohesion tractions in the crack are described by two uncoupled, nonassociative damage-softening constitutive relations. A new crack tracing algorithm is proposed for computation of crack propagation through the mesh. It allows for crack formation in several elements in a single solution increment. Results of a set of numerical examples are provided in order to assess the performance of derived embedded strong discontinuity quadrilateral finite element formulations, the crack tracing algorithm, and the solution methods
Doktorska disertacija obravnava: (i) metode za porušno analizo trdnih teles in konstrukcij, ter (ii) končne elemente z vgrajeno močno nezveznostjo za modeliranje materialne porušitve v kvazi krhkih 2d trdnih telesih. Za porušno analizo smo najprej preučili konsistentno linearizirano metodo sledenja ravnotežne poti skvadratno vezno enačbo (metoda krožnega loka). Metoda omogoča izračun analize nelinearnih modelov, ki imajo izrazito nelinearno ravnotežno pot. Kljub temu standardne metode sledenja poti lahko odpovedo,kadar analiziramo nelinearne probleme z lokalizirano materialno porušitvijo (mehčanje materiala). Zatosmo izpeljali nove različice metode sledenja poti z drugimi veznimi enačbami, ki so bolj primerne zaprobleme z lokalizirano porušitvijo materiala. Ena različica temelji na adaptivni vezni enačbi, pri katerivodimo izbrano prostostno stopnjo. Izkazalo se je, da je metoda relativno uspešna pri analizi problemov zmaterialnim mehčanjem, ki so modelirani s končnimi elementi z vgrajeno nezveznostjo. Druge različicetemeljijo na kontroli plastične disipacije ali plastičnega dela v neelastičnem trdnem telesu ali konstrukciji.Upoštevana je tudi disipacija zaradi širjenja razpok v elementih z vgrajeno nezveznostjo. Prednosti inslabosti predstavljenih metod sledenja ravnotežnih poti z različnimi veznimi enačbami so predstavljeni naštevilnih numeričnih primerih. Za modeliranje porušitve materiala v kvazi krhkih 2d trdnih telesih (npr. betonskih) smo izpeljali različne formulacije končnih elementov z vgrajeno močno nezveznostjo v pomikih. Obravnavane formulacije temeljijo bodisi (a) na klasičnem izoparametričnem štirikotnem končnem elementu bodisi (b) na štirikotnem končnem elementu, ki je izboljšan z nekompatibilnimi oblikami za pomike. Nastanek in širjenje razpoke opišemo tako, da kinematiko v elementu dopolnimo s štirimi osnovnimi oblikami širjenja razpoke in pripadajočimi kinematičnimi parametri. Interpolacijske funkcije, ki opisujejo izboljšano kinematiko, zajemajo skoke v pomikih vzdolž razpoke. Obravnavali smo dva načina izpeljave operatorjev, ki nastopajo v lokalni ravnotežni enačbi in povezujejo napetosti v končnem elementu z napetostmi na vgrajeni nezveznosti. Kriterij za vstavitev nezveznosti (razpoke) temelji na kriteriju največje glavne napetosti in je primeren za krhke materiale. Normalne in tangentne kohezijske napetosti v razpoki opišemo z dvema nepovezanima, poškodbenima konstitutivnima zakonoma za mehčanje. Predlagamo novi algoritem za sledenje razpoki za izračun širjenja razpoke v mreži končnih elementov. Algoritem omogoča formacijo razpok v več končnih elementih v enem obtežnem koraku. Izračunali smo številne numerične primere, da bi ocenili delovanje izpeljanih formulacij štirikotnih končnih elementov z vgrajeno nezveznostjo in algoritma za sledenje razpoki kot tudi delovanje metod sledenja ravnotežnih poti
Do, Xuan Nam. "Localized failure in dynamics for brittle and ductile materials." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2356.
Full textFailure of engineering materials and structures can be considered as a result of a complex interplay between different physical phenomena such as nucleation of cavities, microcracks,microvoids and other irreversible processes. These micro-defects eventually coalesce into one or more macro-cracks leading to a decrease in the load-bearing capability and finally, to failure of the structure under consideration. Prevention of failure of structures and structural parts has always been a critical subject and a major concern in engineering. This thesis aims to represent localized failure in non linear materials without mesh dependency. Of special interest will be the case of dynamic strain-softening. Localized phenomena are taken into account by using the embedded strong discontinuities approach in which the displacement field is enhanced to capture the discontinuity. Based upon this approach, a one-dimensional model for elasto-plastic bar capable of representing failure for ductile materials with combined hardening in FPZ-fracture process zone and softening with embedded strong discontinuities was first developed. Results comparing the proposed one-dimensional model to (semi-) analytical works are presented. It was shown that the proposed strategy provides mesh independent solutions. Strain increases in the softening domain with a simultaneous decrease of stress. The problem unloads elastically outside the strain softening region. The strain energy is found to vanish. The model was also compared with a one dimensional damage model capable of representing the dynamic fracture for elasto-damage bar with combined hardening in fracture process zone - FPZ and softening with strong embedded discontinuities to find a good agreement between two models. A two-dimensional finite element model was developed, capable of describing both the diffuse damage mechanism accompanied by initial strain hardening and subsequent softening response of the structure. The results of several numerical simulations, performed on classical mechanical tests under slowly increasing loads such as Brazilian test or three-point bending test were analyzed. The proposed dynamics framework is shown to increase computational robustness. It was found that the final direction of macro-cracks is predicted quite well and that influence of inertia effects on the obtained solutions is fairly modest especially in comparison among different meshes. This two-dimensional model was expanded further into the two dimensional continuum viscodamage-embedded discontinuity model to help briefly explore the implementation of the second order mid-point scheme that can provide improved results under limitation of viscous regularization of localized failure damage model
Jaafar, Mohamed. "Étude expérimentale et simulation numérique de l’usinage des matériaux en nids d’abeilles : application au fraisage des structures Nomex® et Aluminium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0303/document.
Full textThe use of sandwich structures made with honeycomb core and skins has considerably increased these last years in several industrial sectors such as aeronautics, aerospace, naval and automotive. This growing interest for the alveolar materials is mainly related to their low density and better mass/stiffness/strength ratio compared to metal alloys or conventional composites. However, their constitution makes machining operations complicated and difficult to control because of the premature cutting tool wear and the significant damage induced in the workpiece. In fact, the important vibrations of the thin honeycomb walls are a source of several problems such as the poor surface quality, uncut fibers, delamination, defects, etc. This work deals with the understanding of the honeycomb composites behavior and metallic during machining. The material removal process by milling of these materials presents several scientific and technological challenges. Firstly, an experimental analysis has been used to identify the physical phenomena involved during the chip formation process and generated by the interactions between the cutting edge and the honeycomb cell walls. A particular interest was focused on the characterization of defects induced in the material by different parts of the cutter, the shredder and the saw blade. Two experimental protocols have been set up to qualify the quality and integrity of the machined surface. They consider the particularity of the honeycomb cores: composite or metallic, their geometry, and the thin wall thickness. A new quality criterion has been established and proposed as a damage indicator to monitoring the machining process and choice optimal cutting conditions. Based on Taguchi's statistical analysis, a hierarchy of the machining parameters and their influence on the behavior of these materials have then realized. In addition, the wear of cutting tools has been studied according to the selected tool-material couple and milling conditions. The optimization of machining parameters is often long and expensive only via experimental approach. Modelling and numerical simulation can provide complementary support with an interesting numerical tool to analyze the physics of cutting honeycombs. In this perspective and in the second part of the PhD thesis, a finite element numerical model has been especially developed for the 3D milling operation. For Nomex®, two coupled mechanical-damage behavior laws have been identified and implemented in Abaqus explicit subroutine VUMAT. To simulate the chip formation process and induced subsurface damage, two fracture criteria (Hashin and Tsai-Wu) with stiffness degradation concept have been operated. The comparison between the numerical simulation results and experimental data shows a good agreement in terms of the chip formation mechanisms, cutting forces and damage modes
Limam, Sophia. "Etudes expérimentales et numériques du comportement des dalles épaisses en béton armé avec épingles sous cisaillement : Application aux bâtiments nucléaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI006/document.
Full textThis thesis, based on experimentation and numerical modeling aims at a better understanding of the behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs equipped with shear reinforcements, by measuring the effect of stirrups on their shear strength. A bibliographical synthesis was first carried out to highlight the parameters acting on the shear stress through the results of previous work and studies such as the characteristic resistance of concrete in compression, the rate of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, the shear to span ratio the size of the aggregates and the applying of an axial load. The experimental campaign was then carried out on thirty slabs including 9 slabs without shear reinforcement and 21 slabs with stirrups shared in four series, the first designed to study the global and local shear behaviour, the second to analyze the interaction of the stirrups with the longitudinal reinforcement, the third to study the effect of an axial effort on the shear strength and to check whether there is interference from the shear reinforcement on the behaviour of axial effort and the fourth to study the effect of meshing of aggregates by varying the size of their maximum diameter. The results confirm the shear gain through the adding of stirrups and also their interaction with longitudinal reinforcement and axial compression. Also, the stirrups cancel the effect of increasing the diameter of concrete aggregates. The experimental results are compared with the forecasts based on Eurocode 2, the French national Annex, the Fib Model Code 2010 and the ACI 318-14. The results show that overall the French approach ANF (avg = 1.00, std = 0.08) and the fib Model Code 2010 give very close results of experimental values. The EC2 also gives acceptable results with reasonable security margins. Comparison of the analytical results obtained with the EC2, the ACI 318-14, the Fib Model Code shows that both the ANF is successful; The best average of the "experimental shear strength and the numerical shear strength ratio (1.014) was obtained with the ANF (0.03). The modeling of slabs, using the elastoplastic concrete model with damage through ABAQUS EXPLICIT gives results comparable to the experimental results, not only for the determination of the ultimate load and the maximum shear strength but also for the failure mode which is similar to the experimental one
Gousseau, William. "Pronostic de dégradation d'endommagements de roulements sur application aéronautique par analyse vibratoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI063.
Full textAs part of preventive maintenance of its engines, Safran Aircraft Engines wishes to complete its diagnostic operations with a reliable prognosis of the residual life of the bearings. Following an attack, there is currently a great deal of uncertainty about the remaining life before bearing failure from the threshold of vibrational observability of the damage. Current algorithms diagnose an approximate stage of degradation and generate alarm messages of different levels, each level corresponding to a different stage of degradation, combining confidence and severity of diagnosis. An important aspect of the prognosis is the taking into account of the contextual parameters influencing the rate of degradation. The objectives of this thesis are to have methods and tools to quantify a running time remaining before bearing failure with regard to: - the severity of the damage detected, - the environmental conditions of operation, - the depth The industrial constraints associated with these objectives are as follows: 1) The prognosis should be based, at least, on high-frequency vibratory measurements of a few kHz (accelerometers), contextual data (the rotational speeds of the different rotors, for example, or the amplitudes of the levels piloted on them), rotation regimes, revealing a loading of the bearings) 2). Constituing a database of tests resulting from a plan of experiments: these tests will have to take into account the constraints related to the control of the parameters considered to be significantly influential 3) This database must take into account the representativity of the vibratory environment of an aircraft engine. 4) Propose a tool or method of prognosis taking into account the nature of the bearing to consider
Esnoul, Coralie. "Etude du comportement à rupture de la zone HBS du combustible UO2 dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée, par une approche micromécanique en condition accidentelle d’APRP." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0682.
Full textUnder Loss Of Coolant Accident(LOCA) transients conditions, the high irradiated fuel is fragmented in small sizes fragments who can be relocated in the balloon, or being ejected out of the fuel rod if the latter burst. This work focuses on the pellet rim, where bubbles density increases owing to a higher irradiation level. Usually the hypothesis used to explain fuel fragmentation during transient is grain cleavage induced by over pressurized fission gas bubbles, located at the grain boundary. The aim of this study is to define a macroscopic fragmentation model based on a micro mechanical approach to have a better understanding of the fuel mechanical behaviour at lower scale : size and volume fraction of fragments. This PhD introduces a stepwise micromechanical method based on three steps : i) firstly, we detail how to model the HBS microstructure including pressurized porosities, based on experimental or numerical data and define a representative volume element (RVE)
Kinvi-Dossou, Gbèssiho Raphaël. "Étude de la résistance à l’impact et de l’endommagement des composites stratifiés à matrice Elium acrylique : caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0249/document.
Full textIn the race for light materials able of meeting modern environmental challenges, an acrylic resin (Elium) has been developed. Elium is a thermoplastic resin able to replace thermosetting matrices, which are widespread nowadays in the industrial world. The present study aims to evaluate the impact resistance and to understand the failure mechanisms of composite laminates based on acrylic matrix under impact loading. We provide a contribution to the multiscale analysis of the impact resistance of laminated composite.First, the impact resistance and the damage tolerance of the acrylic resin based composites were compared with those of conventional composites. Then, the impact performance of the laminated composites has been enhanced by adding copolymer blocks to the liquid acrylic resin. These copolymers are able to form micelles of nanometer sizes, which lead to the improvement of both the acrylic matrix fracture toughness and the impact resistance. The effects of the impact energy, temperature, and composition in nano-copolymers have also been investigated.In order to provide a numerical tool for the prediction of the impact response of the glass fiber/Acrylic laminates, two strategies have been analyzed. The first one, performed at the macroscopic scale, considers the woven ply of the laminate as homogeneous material, and the second one (at the mesoscopic scale), deals with a realistic geometrical description of the yarns undulation. Both models use cohesive zones at the interface between the adjacent plies, to simulate the delamination. For this purpose, experimental and numerical delamination tests were performed to feed the inter-ply damage model. Mechanical tests for material characterization were also performed on specimens in order to identify the ply-damage model parameters. The Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG) and a finite element based micromechanics approaches were then conducted to evaluate the effective thermomechanical properties of the yarns and the plain woven composite laminate. The realistic topological and morphological textures of the composite were accounted through Texgen software. These numerical impact simulations were performed using the finite element software ABAQUS/Explicit. Both models were implemented through a user material subroutine VUMAT. The obtained results appear in a good agreement with the experimental data and confirm the relevance of the proposed approach
Tamoud, Abderrahman. "Mécanique multi-échelle et multiaxiale des composites souples multicouches : application à l'annulus fibrosus humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUN034.
Full textThe damage in annulus fibrosus soft tissues is a complex multiscale phenomenon due to a complex structural arrangement of collagen network at different scales of hierarchical organization. A fully three-dimensional constitutive representation that considers the regional variation of the structural complexity to estimate annulus multiaxial mechanics till failure has not yet been developed. In the present PhD dissertation, a model, formulated within the framework of nonlinear continuum mechanics, is developed to predict deformation-induced damage and failure of annulus under multiaxial loading histories considering as time-dependent physical process both chemical-induced volumetric effects and damage accumulation.In a first part, a microstructure-based model is proposed to connect structural features, intrinsic mechanics and electro-chemical properties of annulus soft tissues. The multi-layered lamellar/inter-lamellar annulus model is constructed by considering the effective interactions between adjacent layers and the chemical-induced volumetric strain. The model/experiments comparison demonstrates that the evaluation of the overall time-dependent response involves considering stress, volumetric change and auxetic feature simultaneously in relation to structural features.In a second part, the model is enriched by considering the hierarchical structure of the soft tissue from the nano-sized collagen fibrils to the micro-sized oriented collagen fibers. The stochastic process of progressive damage events operating at different scales of the solid phase is introduced for the extracellular matrix and the network of nano-sized fibrils/micro-sized fibers. The directional effects on annulus mechanics and failure are highlighted in relation to external loading mode, structure features, damage events and hydration.In a third part, the model is further developed by considering the regional variation of the complex structural organization of collagen network at different scales to predict the regional anisotropic multiaxial damage of the intervertebral disc. After model identification using single lamellae extracted from different disc regions, the model predictability is verified for various multiaxial elementary loading modes representative of the spine movement. The stretching along the circumferential and radial directions till failure serves to check the predictive capacities of the annulus model for the different regions. Model results under simple shear, biaxial stretching and plane-strain compression are further presented and discussed.In a fourth part, a full human disc model is constructed using the regional annulus model to examine the heterogeneous mechanics in the disc core. Damage fields in the disc are analyzed under axial compression, axial twist and combined loadings to assess the areas where the risk of failure is the highest
Uguen, Alexandre. "Influence de l'endommagement plan sur le comportement hors-plan des composites stratifiés et des assemblages collés." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0004/document.
Full textComposite materials have been used in marine applications for decades for offshore windmills or even battleships because of its intrinsic properties which are assets for such applications (low weight, low magnetic signature...). Until now the composites used are almost made of glass fibers and polyester matrix. However the increasing demand for faster and lighter ships gradually leads manufacturers to turn to high performance composites made of carbon fibers and epoxy matrix. Using this new generation of material requires knowing the influence of the in-plane damage which can be due to water or mechanical damage on its out-of-plane strength. This study has shown a significant reduction of the out-of-plane failure envelope of the studied material after an extended stay in seawater until the saturation point.The out-of-plane tensile strength of the composite is very little affected by transverse cracking in the material whatever the aging state. Work has also been carried out on composite bonded assemblies and pointed out, on the one hand, the drop of the assembly strength because of the water aging and, on the other hand, the necessity to take into account the coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane damage for the prediction of the out-of-plane strength of such assemblies. Finally, different methods of prediction have been used to validate the experimental results confirming the importance to take into account the in-plane damage to predict the out-of-plane strength of composites and composite bonded assemblies
Monti, Arthur. "Élaboration et caractérisation mécanique d'une structure composite sandwiche à base de constituants naturels." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1023/document.
Full textBio-based composites appear to be very promising alternatives to traditional composites. The use of natural fibres as reinforcement reduces the environmental impact of these materials and their specific properties are significantly increased. In this context, this work focuses on the manufacturing and the mechanical characterization of a bio-based sandwich structure. The skins are made of an innovative thermoplastic resin associated with flax fibres. The core is made of balsa wood. First, quasi-static analyses are performed on the different components. Then, the tensile properties of the composite skins are studied. Moreover, the main damage mechanisms are identified and described by means of the acoustic emission technique. Next, the flexural behavior of the whole sandwich structure is studied. Particular attention is paid to the detection and prediction of the main fracture modes. Moreover, the statistical spreads of the material properties of the balsa core are taken into account. In addition, cyclic fatigue and impact tests are performed to investigate the behavior of this structure under dynamic loads, and to discuss whether or not this material could be suitable for potential semi-structural applications. Finally, experimental analyses of the vibration behavior of composite and sandwich beams are performed. The contributions of the different components to the global damping properties of the sandwich structure are analyzed by means of a finite elements model. This work also compares the properties of this bio-based sandwich to those of traditional materials, in order to benchmark its mechanical performances with a view to further industrial usage
Gbetchi, Kokouvi. "Multi-scale modeling of thermo-mechanical dynamic damage in quasi-brittle materials." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0049.
Full textUnder impact mechanical loadings, structural components made of brittle materials may be exposed to dynamic failure. The appropriate modeling of the failure mechanisms at different scales of observation and the prediction of the corresponding thermomechanical damage evolution in such materials is essential for structural reliability predictions. Experimental observations on dynamic failure in brittle materials report important cooling and heating effects in the vicinity of the crack tip. Theoretical modeling of the thermo-mechanical coupling during fracture have been generally undertaken without accounting for microstructural aspects. The objective of the present thesis is to develop a procedure to obtain macroscopic thermo-mechanical damage laws in which the damage evolution is deduced from the propagation of microcracks and the associated small-scale thermal effects in the material. We use the asymptotic homogenization method to obtain the macroscopic thermo-mechanical and damage response of the solid. A Griffith type criterion is assumed for microcracks propagating in modes I or II. Heat sources at the tips of microcracks are considered as a consequence of the energy dissipated during propagation. Frictional heating effects are also considered on the lips of microcracks evolving in the shear mode. An energy approach is developed in combination with the homogenization procedure to obtain macroscopic damage laws. The resulting thermoelastic and damage system involves strong couplings between mechanical and thermal fields. Computation of the effective coefficients allowed us to study the local response predicted by the new models. The macroscopic response exhibits strain-rate sensitivity, microstructural size effects, degradation of thermoelastic properties and specific thermal evolutions due to microcracking and frictional effects at the small scale. Distributed heat sources are present in the macroscopic temperature equation linked to damage and frictional dissipations. The implementation of the proposed damage models in a FEM software allowed us to perform numerical simulations at the structural level. We reproduced numerically experimental tests reported in the literature concerning the rapid failure of PMMA samples impact. The results obtained in the simulations are in good agreement with the experimental observations
Rukavina, Ivan. "Cyber-physics intrinsic modelling for smart systems." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2021COMP2581.
Full textIn this thesis, a multi-scale and multi-physics coupling computation procedure for a 2D and 3D setting is presented. When modeling the behavior of a structure by a multi-scale method, the macro-scale is used to describe the homogenized response of the structure, and the micro-scale to describe the details of the behavior on the smaller scale of the material where some inelastic mechanisms, like damage or plasticity, can be taken into account. The micro-scale mesh is defined for each macro-scale element in a way to fit entirely inside it. The two scales are coupled by imposing a constraint on the displacement field over their interface. The computation is performed using the operator split solution procedure on both scales, using the standard finite element method. In a 2D setting, an embedded discontinuity is implemented in the Q4 macroscale element to capture the softening behavior happening on the micro-scale. For the micro-scale element, a constant strain triangle (CST) is used. In a 3D setting, a macro-scale tetrahedral and hexahedral elements are developed, while on the micro-scale Timoshenko beam finite elements are used. This multi-scale methodology is extended with a multi-physics functionality, to simulate the behavior of a piezoelectric material. An additional degree of freedom (voltage) is added on the nodes of the 3D macro-scale tetrahedral and hexahedral elements. For the micro-scale element, a Timoshenko beam element with added polarization switching model is used. Also, a multi-scale Hellinger- Reissner formulation for electrostatics has been developed and implemented for a simple electrostatic patch test. For implementing the proposed procedure, Finite Element Analysis Program (FEAP) is used. To simulate the behavior on both macro and micro-scale, FEAP is modified and two different version of FEAP code are implemented – macroFEAP and microFEAP. For coupling, the two codes are exchanging information between them, and Component Template Library (CTL) is used. The capabilities of the proposed multi-scale approach in a 2D and 3D pure mechanics settings, but also multi-physics environment have been shown. The theoretical formulation and algorithmic implementation are described, and the advantages of the multi-scale approach for modeling heterogeneous materials are shown on several numerical examples
Ben, Ramdane Camélia. "Etude et modélisation du comportement mécanique de CMC oxyde/oxyde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0077/document.
Full textOxide/oxide CMCs are good candidates for thermostructural applications. Themechanical behaviour and damage mechanisms of two alumina/alumina composites with two andthree dimensional woven reinforcements were studied and compared. The microstructure of theseweak matrix CMCs was characterized by porosimetry and NDT methods, such as IR thermography,ultrasound scanning and X-ray tomography, which highlighted initial defects. The mechanicalbehaviour was studied through tensile tests, as well as compression tests in the case of the twodimensionalreinforced CMC. These tests were conducted at room temperature, in the fibres directionsand in the ±45° direction. In order to fully exploit these tests, several extensometry and damagemonitoring methods, such as IR thermography and acoustic emission, were used. Young’s moduli andmaximum stresses and strains of the two-dimensional reinforced CMC developed at Onera appearedto be higher than those available in the literature. The damage mechanisms of the materials weredetermined by post mortem SEM observations and in situ testing in a SEM, which made it possible toassess the nocivity of initial defects. Studying the mechanical behaviour of these composites finallyenabled the development of a three-dimensional damage model that will facilitate the furtherdevelopment of such materials, through finite element analysis. Finally, some improvements regardingthe manufacturing processes and the instrumentation for damage monitoring were suggested forfuture studies
Bai, Ruqing. "Numerical modeling of isotropic and composites structures using a shell-based peridynamic method." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2482.
Full textThis thesis introduces some new complements and improvments for the Bond-Based Peridynamics theory concerning the numerical modeling of thin structures such as beams and plates, isotropic and multilayer composites subjected to dynamic loading. Our developments have been focused mainly on exploring the possibilities offered by the Peridynamic method, which has been widely applied in various engineering domains where strong or weak discontinuities may occur such as cracks or heterogeneous media. The generalization procedure of the Peridynamics method for the modeling of Timoshenko beam structures and Reissner-Mindlin plate structures respectively with a wide range of thickness to length ratio starting from thick structures to very thin structures is given. And A simplified low velocity impact based on the developed Peridynamic model for Timoshenko beam and ReissnerMindlin plate has been proposed by using a specific contact procedure for the estimation of the impact load. The originality of the present method was the introduction for the first time of two techniques for the alleviation of the shear locking problem which arises in thin beam and plate structures, namely the reduced (or selective) integration method and mixed formulation. The resulting Peridynamic model for Timoshenko beam structures and Reissner-Mindlin plate structures is efficient and does not suffer from any shear locking phenomenon. Besides, the generalization procedure of Peridynamic method for the modeling of fiber-reinforced thin composite structures is introduced. The Peridynamic approach for the modeling of a lamina is firstly validated in the quasi-statics including a crack propagation prediction problems subjected to mechanical loading conditions and then the Peridynamic method was further extended to analyze fiber-reinforced thin composite structures using the fundamental lamina theory. Finally, several applications involving fiber-reinforced thin composite structures and numerical results were validated by comparison to the FEM solution obtained using commercial software or to reference solutions from the literature. In all applications, the Peridynamics shows that results are matching perfectly the reference solutions, which proves its efficiency potentiality especially for crack paths simulation in isotropic and composite structures
Conte, Cecile. "Comportement mécanique du foie en contexte traumatique : rupture et endommagement des tissus." Thesis, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4103.
Full textEvery year in France, about 2000 cases of abdominal injuries are due to car crashes. These injuries are often severe and 20% of them are lethal. They require long and expensive treatments because half of cases needs surgery. Among abdominal organs, liver is one of the most frequently and severely injured: haemorrhage and infectious risks are real. To improve hepatic injuries prevention, the definition of efficient safety devices should be based on a comprehensive knowledge of these structures behaviour and liver injury mechanisms. Thus the aim of this thesis was to build a predictive tool for hepatic injuries in crash situation. To achieve this point, we performed experimental uniaxial compressions of human livers with various loading speeds. We then observed the visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the liver and its failure modes at the global scale and also at the cells scale. After that, we chose a theoretical framework which was adapted both to the observed behaviour and to the damage and rupture description. We finally built a finite element model which integrate a precise description of liver structures (parenchyma, capsule and vascular trees), the theoretical behaviours deduced from the experimental phase, the failure of the different tissues and the fluid action within the vascular structures. After the model calibration and validation with experimental observations, this FEM makes up the wanted predictive tool for hepatic injuries. This tool can be used both with slow and rapid loading speeds
Lenoir, Nicolas. "COMPORTEMENT MECANIQUE ET RUPTURE DANS LES ROCHES ARGILEUSES ETUDIES PAR MICRO TOMOGRAPHIE A RAYONS X." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011996.
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