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Academic literature on the topic 'Endommagement de faille'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Endommagement de faille"
Traore, Nafissatou. "Modélisation numérique de la propagation des failles décrochantes dans la lithosphère." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066203/document.
Full textNumerical modelling of strike-slip faults propagation is essential to understand the long-term mechanical behavior of the lithosphere. Firstly, we aim to reproduce the interseismic deformation of a preexisting fault. The modelling of this interseismic regime enables us to determine what rheology and loading, both mechanically and geologically justifiable, are required to obtain a surface deformation that matches the geodetic measurements. When the lateral displacement is due to the long-term plates motion, a structural heterogeneity has to be imposed by the mean of a weak viscous zone beneath the locked fault. Secondly, we study fault propagation by using damage mechanics. This approach allows the prediction of damage evolution, without previously knowing the propagation path, and makes the link with the Griffith's theory. We improve this approach with the introduction of a residual tangential stress on the fault that is similar to fault planes friction, and we use mixed resolution methods, which represents a novelty in damage mechanics. These developments make possible the description of fault evolution for simple cases, and open the way towards the use of new growth and propagation fault models
GREFFET, PASCAL MARIE-MADELEINE. "Source sismique et endommagement : etude physique et numerique." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077065.
Full textMayolle, Sylvain. "Croissance des zones d’endommagement de faille : étude structurale en milieu carbonaté et modélisations analogiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021MONTG019.
Full textThe study of faults in the upper crust generates interest in modeling their impact on fluid flow and the mechanical behavior of the earth's crust. Fault damage zones are important structures with multiple implications for resource management and earthquake studies. This thesis aims to characterize the distribution and growth of damage around faults and to study its impact on the Displacement - Damage thickness (D-T) scaling law. Two complementary approaches of field measurements and analog modeling of normal faults are developed to answer this question. This manuscript presents new results of fault damage mapping, D-T scaling in carbonate rocks, and the first analog modeling experiments of fault damage zones. The results show a heterogeneous and asymmetric distribution of damage around faults, mainly influenced by fault interactions during their growth (segmentation, conjugate faults). A D-T law specific to wall damage is established and shows a normal correlation between D and T for less than 100 m of fault displacement, and also confirms the existence of a damage thickness threshold after 100 m of displacement. To explain this law, we propose a damage zone growth model controlled by the interaction and coalescence of fault segments. Analog modeling experiments allowed the description of two new types of damage (graben damage and dip-change link damage), and show a failure mode transition during fault growth, from a segmented dilatational-shear mode to a localized compactional-shear mode. They also demonstrate that initiation of segmentation, segment activity selection, interaction and coalescence processes control the development of fault damage zones and the D-T law. We propose that the thickness of the faulted brittle layer is a main controlling parameter of segmentation, strain localization, and the fault damage thickness threshold observed
Hok, Sébastien. "Vers l'arrêt spontané de la rupture en dynamique de la source : non-élasticité du milieu et loi de friction hétérogène." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00328244.
Full textTout d'abord, nous avons inclus une limite à l'élasticité du milieu entourant la faille, afin de simuler la propagation de la rupture dans un milieu fracturé, qui dissipe une partie de l'énergie libérée. Nous avons, pour la première fois, inclus et étudié l'impact de cette dissipation dans un modèle de rupture 3D. La rupture, dans ces conditions, est beaucoup plus sensible aux barrières, et s'arrête plus facilement. La cinématique de la rupture est remarquablement modifiée (vitesse de propagation plus lente, vitesse de dislocation maximale limitée). Les mouvements engendrés en surface sont atténués. La plasticité est, de fait, un phénomène crucial à prendre en compte dans la modélisation de la rupture sismique.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié l'impact d'une hétérogénéité spatiale de résistance à la rupture sur la faille. L'introduction de l'hétérogénéité permet d'obtenir des profils de glissement dont la forme se rapproche des formes observées dans les cas naturels. La propagation et l'arrêt de la rupture perdent leur caractère prédictible lorsque ce sont de petites barrières qui arrêtent la rupture progressivement. On peut obtenir une grande variété de tailles d'événements pour une même statistique de taille des barrières. L'obtention d'une loi puissance de type Gutemberg-Richter sur toute la gamme des tailles d'événements est conditionnée par l'augmentation progressive de l'énergie de fracturation avec la taille de la rupture, d'une façon similaire à ce qui est obtenu en considérant un comportement plastique du milieu.
Enfin, l'étude des relations glissement final - taille de l'aspérité rompue, dans des modèles lisses de type aspérité/barrière, a montré que la dynamique contrôlait une partie de la loi d'échelle du glissement maximum, et que la segmentation des failles modifie sensiblement la loi d'échelle.
Priasso, Valentin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'endommagement des composites stratifiés avec intercouches." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN029/document.
Full textThe aim of this research work is to determine the influence of thermoplastic particles which are inside the interleaf of a laminate on its mechanical behavior. This interleaf between each ply enables the interply toughness to increase and prevents from delamination, especially for out-of-plane loadings. This PhD focuses on damages occurring during in-plane-loading, such as transverse crack and micro-delamination. Appropriate experimental tests have been performed, both at the scale of the particles (Compact Tension) and at the scale of the structure (double notch) in order to describe the interaction between the particles and these two damages. A local numerical study based on fracture mechanics has been performed on a Representative Volume Element. The influence of several parameters of the interleaf, such as its thickness, its stiffness compared to the one the ply and the repartition of the particles was determined. The results of this study constitute a new route towards a material by design of interleaved laminates approach. At the coupon structural scale, the parameters for the simulation using the damage meso model of the laboratory LMT of ENS have been accurately identified. Several experiments for both in-plane and out-of-plane loadings have been simulated using the meso model in order to verify the required model parameters. All experimental results have been compared to the numerical ones, showing that this model is able to describe the damage behavior of interleaved laminates
Maouche, Nadir. "Modélisation des phénomènes d'endommagements dus aux contacts à faible amplitude de débattement." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9732.
Full textConte, Cécile. "Comportement mécanique du foie en contexte traumatique : rupture et endommagement des tissus." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4103.
Full textEvery year in France, about 2000 cases of abdominal injuries are due to car crashes. These injuries are often severe and 20% of them are lethal. They require long and expensive treatments because half of cases needs surgery. Among abdominal organs, liver is one of the most frequently and severely injured: haemorrhage and infectious risks are real. To improve hepatic injuries prevention, the definition of efficient safety devices should be based on a comprehensive knowledge of these structures behaviour and liver injury mechanisms. Thus the aim of this thesis was to build a predictive tool for hepatic injuries in crash situation. To achieve this point, we performed experimental uniaxial compressions of human livers with various loading speeds. We then observed the visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the liver and its failure modes at the global scale and also at the cells scale. After that, we chose a theoretical framework which was adapted both to the observed behaviour and to the damage and rupture description. We finally built a finite element model which integrate a precise description of liver structures (parenchyma, capsule and vascular trees), the theoretical behaviours deduced from the experimental phase, the failure of the different tissues and the fluid action within the vascular structures. After the model calibration and validation with experimental observations, this FEM makes up the wanted predictive tool for hepatic injuries. This tool can be used both with slow and rapid loading speeds
Lenoir, Nicolas. "Comportement mécanique et rupture dans les roches argileuses étudiés par micro tomographie à rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10025.
Full textWITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FEASABILITY STUDIES OF UNDERGROUND REPOSITORIES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE, THE STUDY OF PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION WITH DAMAGE OF THE HOST LAYER IS CRUCIAL. THE GOALS OF THIS WORK WERE : (i) TO CHARACTERIZE EXPERIMENTALLY THE DAMAGE OF TWO CLAYEY ROCKS (BEAUCAIRE MARL AND EAST SHALE) WITH X-RAY MICRO TOMOGRAPHY, (ii) TO DEVELOPP A HIGH PRESSURE TRIAXIAL SET-UP ADAPTED TO PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT ON VERY LOW PERMEABILITY ROCKS. A NUMBER OF ORIGINAL TRIAXIAL DEVICES HAVE BEEN REALISED TO CHARACTERIZE DAMAGE OF CLAYEY ROCKS, UNDER DEVIATORIC LOADING, WITH X-RAY MICRO TOMOGRAPHY ON A SYNCHROTRON BEAMLINE AT THE ESRF (GRENOBLE). LOCALIZED DAMAGE AND ITS EVOLUTION HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED AT A FINE SCALE (OF ORDER OF TEN MICRONS). DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION TECHNIQUES, EXTENDED TO 3D IMAGES, HAVE BEEN USED TO MEASURE INCREMENTAL STRAIN FIELDS FROM TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES. WE DEMONSTRATED THAT THESE TECHNIQUES ARE VERY USEFUL IN THE STUDY OF THE LOCALIZED DAMAGE OF GEOMATERIALS AND ESPECIALLY FOR THE INITIATION. A HIGH PRESSURE TRIAXIAL DEVICE HAS BEEN REALISED TO MEASURE PERMEABILITY EVOLUTION OF THE EAST SHALE AS A FUNCTION OF APLLIED STRESS (ISOTROPIC AND DEVIATORIC). THE PARTICULARITY OF THIS SET-UP IS THE SMALL SIZE OF THE TEST SPECIMEN (CYLINDER OF 10MM IN DIAMETER AND 20MM IN HEIGHT) WHICH ALLOWS SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF TEST DURATION
Adrouche, Karim. "Contribution a l'etude de l'endommagement de la liaison acier-beton sous chargements cycliques de faible frequence." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0005.
Full textChantrait, Teddy. "Approche multiéchelle en espace et en temps pour la prévision des endommagements dans les structures composites soumises à un impact de faible énergie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0129/document.
Full textThe composite laminates are increasingly used in aircraft structural parts which lead to new issues such as the Low Energy Impacts (LEI). Indeed, although they have well mechanical properties relative to their mass, small shocks may be very harmfull for laminates. Controlling such situations is essential for manufacturers that why lot of testing campaigns are currently performed. Yet, they are time consuming and expensive considering the many influential parameters (energy, speed, layup...). Numerical simulations of this phenomenon by practicing the so called “virtual testing” process could be really helpfull to rationalize testing campaigns in order to save money. Yet, this practice remain currently hard to do at the industrial scale due to the excessive CPU time required for fine simulation of damages induced by the LEI. Based on this observation, this work has consisted in taking advantage of the spatial and temporal location of delamination, matrix cracking and fiber breakage that can occur during impact in order to reduce the computational cost. Thus, a space and time multiscale method has been put in place. The impacted structure is split into two areas. One is located around the impacted point, it contains all the non-regularities of the problem (contact, softening law, cohesive zone model). This domain is treated with the explicit dynamics code Europlexus. The other one corresponds to the complementary part. The mechanical problem is much more regular and it is treated with the implicit dynamics code Zset / Zebulon. A low intrusive coupling based on the GC method is carried out between these two codes. It allows to use an adapted model in both regions different time step are in particular used. A time step ratio upper to 1000 can be reach between the one of the explicit code set by the stability condition and the one used in the complementary part. As a results, significant CPU time is saved. This is confirmed by the simulation of a stiffened composite panel impacted. It is also shown that the implicit / explicit allocation can change over the calculation. To do that, a switch mechanism has been established. It thus makes it possible to transit the resolution of a portion of the structure initially solved in the code Zebulon to Europlexus. As a results, further gain is obtained