Journal articles: 'Endomembrane trafficking'

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Arora, Deepanksha, and Daniёl Van Damme. "Motif-based endomembrane trafficking." Plant Physiology 186, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab077.

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Abstract Endomembrane trafficking, which allows proteins and lipids to flow between the different endomembrane compartments, largely occurs by vesicle-mediated transport. Transmembrane proteins intended for transport are concentrated into a vesicle or carrier by undulation of a donor membrane. This is followed by vesicle scission, uncoating, and finally, fusion at the target membrane. Three major trafficking pathways operate inside eukaryotic cells: anterograde, retrograde, and endocytic. Each pathway involves a unique set of machinery and coat proteins that pack the transmembrane proteins, along with their associated lipids, into specific carriers. Adaptor and coatomer complexes are major facilitators that function in anterograde transport and in endocytosis. These complexes recognize the transmembrane cargoes destined for transport and recruit the coat proteins that help form the carriers. These complexes use either linear motifs or posttranslational modifications to recognize the cargoes, which are then packaged and delivered along the trafficking pathways. In this review, we focus on the different trafficking complexes that share a common evolutionary branch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and we discuss up-to-date knowledge about the cargo recognition motifs they use.

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Choy, Edwin, Vi K. Chiu, Joseph Silletti, Marianna Feoktistov, Takashi Morimoto, David Michaelson, Ivan E. Ivanov, and Mark R. Philips. "Endomembrane Trafficking of Ras." Cell 98, no. 1 (July 1999): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80607-8.

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Olayioye, Monilola A., Bettina Noll, and Angelika Hausser. "Spatiotemporal Control of Intracellular Membrane Trafficking by Rho GTPases." Cells 8, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121478.

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As membrane-associated master regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling, Rho GTPases coordinate a wide range of biological processes such as cell adhesion, motility, and polarity. In the last years, Rho GTPases have also been recognized to control intracellular membrane sorting and trafficking steps directly; however, how Rho GTPase signaling is regulated at endomembranes is still poorly understood. In this review, we will specifically address the local Rho GTPase pools coordinating intracellular membrane trafficking with a focus on the endo- and exocytic pathways. We will further highlight the spatiotemporal molecular regulation of Rho signaling at endomembrane sites through Rho regulatory proteins, the GEFs and GAPs. Finally, we will discuss the contribution of dysregulated Rho signaling emanating from endomembranes to the development and progression of cancer.

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Boruc, Joanna, and Daniel Van Damme. "Endomembrane trafficking overarching cell plate formation." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 28 (December 2015): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2015.09.007.

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Neves, João, Miguel Sampaio, Ana Séneca, Susana Pereira, José Pissarra, and Cláudia Pereira. "Abiotic Stress Triggers the Expression of Genes Involved in Protein Storage Vacuole and Exocyst-Mediated Routes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 10644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910644.

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Adverse conditions caused by abiotic stress modulate plant development and growth by altering morphological and cellular mechanisms. Plants’ responses/adaptations to stress often involve changes in the distribution and sorting of specific proteins and molecules. Still, little attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms controlling these rearrangements. We tested the hypothesis that plants respond to stress by remodelling their endomembranes and adapting their trafficking pathways. We focused on the molecular machinery behind organelle biogenesis and protein trafficking under abiotic stress conditions, evaluating their effects at the subcellular level, by looking at ultrastructural changes and measuring the expression levels of genes involved in well-known intracellular routes. The results point to a differential response of the endomembrane system, showing that the genes involved in the pathway to the Protein Storage Vacuole and the exocyst-mediated routes are upregulated. In contrast, the ones involved in the route to the Lytic Vacuole are downregulated. These changes are accompanied by morphological alterations of endomembrane compartments. The data obtained demonstrate that plants’ response to abiotic stress involves the differential expression of genes related to protein trafficking machinery, which can be connected to the activation/deactivation of specific intracellular sorting pathways and lead to alterations in the cell ultrastructure.

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Zheng, Ping, Chunyan Zheng, Marisa S. Otegui, and Faqiang Li. "Endomembrane mediated-trafficking of seed storage proteins: from Arabidopsis to cereal crops." Journal of Experimental Botany 73, no. 5 (November 30, 2021): 1312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab519.

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Abstract Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are of great importance in plant science and agriculture, particularly in cereal crops, due to their nutritional value and their impact on food properties. During seed maturation, massive amounts of SSPs are synthesized and deposited either within protein bodies derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, or into specialized protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). The processing and trafficking of SSPs vary among plant species, tissues, and even developmental stages, as well as being influenced by SSP composition. The different trafficking routes, which affect the amount of SSPs that seeds accumulate and their composition and modifications, rely on a highly dynamic and functionally specialized endomembrane system. Although the general steps in SSP trafficking have been studied in various plants, including cereals, the detailed underlying molecular and regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. In this review, we discuss the main endomembrane routes involved in SSP trafficking to the PSV in Arabidopsis and other eudicots, and compare and contrast the SSP trafficking pathways in major cereal crops, particularly in rice and maize. In addition, we explore the challenges and strategies for analyzing the endomembrane system in cereal crops.

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Ruano, Guillermo, and David Scheuring. "Plant Cells under Attack: Unconventional Endomembrane Trafficking during Plant Defense." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030389.

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Since plants lack specialized immune cells, each cell has to defend itself independently against a plethora of different pathogens. Therefore, successful plant defense strongly relies on precise and efficient regulation of intracellular processes in every single cell. Smooth trafficking within the plant endomembrane is a prerequisite for a diverse set of immune responses. Pathogen recognition, signaling into the nucleus, cell wall enforcement, secretion of antimicrobial proteins and compounds, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species, all heavily depend on vesicle transport. In contrast, pathogens have developed a variety of different means to manipulate vesicle trafficking to prevent detection or to inhibit specific plant responses. Intriguingly, the plant endomembrane system exhibits remarkable plasticity upon pathogen attack. Unconventional trafficking pathways such as the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies or fusion of the vacuole with the plasma membrane are initiated and enforced as the counteraction. Here, we review the recent findings on unconventional and defense-induced trafficking pathways as the plant´s measures in response to pathogen attack. In addition, we describe the endomembrane system manipulations by different pathogens, with a focus on tethering and fusion events during vesicle trafficking.

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Martínez Jaramillo, Catalina, and Claudia Milena Trujillo Vargas. "LRBA in the endomembrane system." Colombia Médica 49, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cm.v49i3.3802.

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Bi-allelic mutations in LRBA (from Lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein) result in a primary immunodeficiency with clinical features ranging from hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphoproliferative syndrome to inflammatory bowel disease and heterogeneous autoimmune manifestations. LRBA deficiency has been shown to affect vesicular trafficking, autophagy and apoptosis, which may lead to alterations of several molecules and processes that play key roles for immunity. In this review, we will discuss the relationship of LRBA with the endovesicular system in the context of receptor trafficking, autophagy and apoptosis. Since these mechanisms of homeostasis are inherent to all living cells and not only limited to the immune system and also, because they are involved in physiological as well as pathological processes such as embryogenesis or tumoral transformation, we envisage advancing in the identification of potential pharmacological agents to manipulate these processes.

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Parsons, Harriet T., and Kathryn S. Lilley. "Mass spectrometry approaches to study plant endomembrane trafficking." Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 80 (August 2018): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.014.

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Hicks, Glenn R., and Natasha V. Raikhel. "Advances in dissecting endomembrane trafficking with small molecules." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13, no. 6 (December 2010): 706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2010.08.008.

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Roy, Michèle, and Sophie Roux. "Rab GTPases in Osteoclastic Endomembrane Systems." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 15, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4541538.

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Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells that maintain bone homeostasis. OC differentiation, survival, and activity are regulated by numerous small GTPases, including those of the Rab family, which are involved in plasma membrane delivery and lysosomal and autophagic degradation pathways. In resorbing OCs, polarized vesicular trafficking pathways also result in formation of the ruffled membrane, the resorbing organelle, and in transcytosis.

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Grissom, James H., Verónica A. Segarra, and Richard J. Chi. "New Perspectives on SNARE Function in the Yeast Minimal Endomembrane System." Genes 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080899.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best model organisms for the study of endocytic membrane trafficking. While studies in mammalian cells have characterized the temporal and morphological features of the endocytic pathway, studies in budding yeast have led the way in the analysis of the endosomal trafficking machinery components and their functions. Eukaryotic endomembrane systems were thought to be highly conserved from yeast to mammals, with the fusion of plasma membrane-derived vesicles to the early or recycling endosome being a common feature. Upon endosome maturation, cargos are then sorted for reuse or degraded via the endo-lysosomal (endo-vacuolar in yeast) pathway. However, recent studies have shown that budding yeast has a minimal endomembrane system that is fundamentally different from that of mammalian cells, with plasma membrane-derived vesicles fusing directly to a trans-Golgi compartment which acts as an early endosome. Thus, the Golgi, rather than the endosome, acts as the primary acceptor of endocytic vesicles, sorting cargo to pre-vacuolar endosomes for degradation. The field must now integrate these new findings into a broader understanding of the endomembrane system across eukaryotes. This article synthesizes what we know about the machinery mediating endocytic membrane fusion with this new model for yeast endomembrane function.

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Agaoua, Aimeric, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Frédéric Moquet, and Catherine Dogimont. "Membrane Trafficking Proteins: A New Target to Identify Resistance to Viruses in Plants." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102139.

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Replication cycles from most simple-stranded positive RNA viruses infecting plants involve endomembrane deformations. Recent published data revealed several interactions between viral proteins and plant proteins associated with vesicle formation and movement. These plant proteins belong to the COPI/II, SNARE, clathrin and ESCRT endomembrane trafficking mechanisms. In a few cases, variations of these plant proteins leading to virus resistance have been identified. In this review, we summarize all known interactions between these plant cell mechanisms and viruses and highlight strategies allowing fast identification of variant alleles for membrane-associated proteins.

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Cevher-Keskin, Birsen. "ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 9 (September 5, 2013): 18181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms140918181.

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Li, Ruixi, Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan, Junqi Wang, Wilhelmina van de Ven, Ting Gao, Natasha V. Raikhel, and Glenn R. Hicks. "Different Endomembrane Trafficking Pathways Establish Apical and Basal Polarities." Plant Cell 29, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.00524.

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Yu, Feifei, and Qi Xie. "Non-26S Proteasome Endomembrane Trafficking Pathways in ABA Signaling." Trends in Plant Science 22, no. 11 (November 2017): 976–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.009.

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Michaelson, David, Ian Ahearn, Martin Bergo, Stephen Young, and Mark Philips. "Membrane Trafficking of Heterotrimeric G Proteins via the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 9 (September 2002): 3294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-02-0095.

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Membrane targeting of G-protein αβγ heterotrimers was investigated in live cells by use of Gα and Gγ subunits tagged with spectral mutants of green fluorescent protein. Unlike Ras proteins, Gβγ contains a single targeting signal, the CAAX motif, which directed the dimer to the endoplasmic reticulum. Endomembrane localization of farnesylated Gγ1, but not geranylgeranylated Gγ2, required carboxyl methylation. Targeting of the heterotrimer to the plasma membrane (PM) required coexpression of all three subunits, combining the CAAX motif of Gγ with the fatty acyl modifications of Gα. Gα associated with Gβγ on the Golgi and palmitoylation of Gα was required for translocation of the heterotrimer to the PM. Thus, two separate signals, analogous to the dual-signal targeting mechanism of Ras proteins, cooperate to target heterotrimeric G proteins to the PM via the endomembrane.

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Sampaio, Miguel, João Neves, Tatiana Cardoso, José Pissarra, Susana Pereira, and Cláudia Pereira. "Coping with Abiotic Stress in Plants—An Endomembrane Trafficking Perspective." Plants 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030338.

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Plant cells face many changes through their life cycle and develop several mechanisms to cope with adversity. Stress caused by environmental factors is turning out to be more and more relevant as the human population grows and plant cultures start to fail. As eukaryotes, plant cells must coordinate several processes occurring between compartments and combine different pathways for protein transport to several cellular locations. Conventionally, these pathways begin at the ER, or endoplasmic reticulum, move through the Golgi and deliver cargo to the vacuole or to the plasma membrane. However, when under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress. With this review, we gathered fragmented information on the subject, highlighting how such changes are processed within the endomembrane system and how it responds to an ever-changing environment. Even though the available data on this subject are still sparse, novel information is starting to untangle the complexity and dynamics of protein transport routes and their role in maintaining cell homeostasis under harsh conditions.

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Wang, Xiangfeng, Min Xu, Caiji Gao, Yonglun Zeng, Yong Cui, Wenjin Shen, and Liwen Jiang. "The roles of endomembrane trafficking in plant abiotic stress responses." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 62, no. 1 (January 2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12895.

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Qu, Xian, Prerana Rao Chatty, and Adrienne H. K. Roeder. "Endomembrane Trafficking Protein SEC24A Regulates Cell Size Patterning in Arabidopsis." Plant Physiology 166, no. 4 (October 14, 2014): 1877–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.246033.

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Heucken, Nicole, and Rumen Ivanov. "The retromer, sorting nexins and the plant endomembrane protein trafficking." Journal of Cell Science 131, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): jcs203695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.203695.

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Himschoot, Ellie, Roman Pleskot, Daniël Van Damme, and Steffen Vanneste. "The ins and outs of Ca2+ in plant endomembrane trafficking." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 40 (December 2017): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.003.

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Lee, Myoung Hui, and Inhwan Hwang. "Adaptor proteins in protein trafficking between endomembrane compartments in plants." Journal of Plant Biology 57, no. 5 (September 21, 2014): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12374-014-0314-8.

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Mishev, Kiril, Wim Dejonghe, and Eugenia Russinova. "Small Molecules for Dissecting Endomembrane Trafficking: A Cross-Systems View." Chemistry & Biology 20, no. 4 (April 2013): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.03.009.

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Narasimhan, Madhumitha, Michelle Gallei, Shutang Tan, Alexander Johnson, Inge Verstraeten, Lanxin Li, Lesia Rodriguez, et al. "Systematic analysis of specific and nonspecific auxin effects on endocytosis and trafficking." Plant Physiology 186, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 1122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab134.

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Abstract The phytohormone auxin and its directional transport through tissues are intensively studied. However, a mechanistic understanding of auxin-mediated feedback on endocytosis and polar distribution of PIN auxin transporters remains limited due to contradictory observations and interpretations. Here, we used state-of-the-art methods to reexamine the auxin effects on PIN endocytic trafficking. We used high auxin concentrations or longer treatments versus lower concentrations and shorter treatments of natural indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and synthetic naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) auxins to distinguish between specific and nonspecific effects. Longer treatments of both auxins interfere with Brefeldin A-mediated intracellular PIN2 accumulation and also with general aggregation of endomembrane compartments. NAA treatment decreased the internalization of the endocytic tracer dye, FM4-64; however, NAA treatment also affected the number, distribution, and compartment identity of the early endosome/trans-Golgi network, rendering the FM4-64 endocytic assays at high NAA concentrations unreliable. To circumvent these nonspecific effects of NAA and IAA affecting the endomembrane system, we opted for alternative approaches visualizing the endocytic events directly at the plasma membrane (PM). Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we saw no significant effects of IAA or NAA treatments on the incidence and dynamics of clathrin foci, implying that these treatments do not affect the overall endocytosis rate. However, both NAA and IAA at low concentrations rapidly and specifically promoted endocytosis of photo-converted PIN2 from the PM. These analyses identify a specific effect of NAA and IAA on PIN2 endocytosis, thus, contributing to its polarity maintenance and furthermore illustrate that high auxin levels have nonspecific effects on trafficking and endomembrane compartments.

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Satiat-Jeunemaitre, Béatrice, Jancy Henderson, David Evans, Kim Crooks, Mark Fricker, Richard Napier, and Chris Hawes. "Brefeldin A affects the endomembrane system and vesicle trafficking in higher plants." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146801.

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In plant cells, as in animal cells, many macromolecules and membranes are transported by vesicle vectors through both the exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. In order to elucidate the mechanisms and molecular events of such trafficking we are using a set of drugs known to perturb membrane flow in plant cells in combination with immunocytochemical studies using a bank of monoclonal antibodies to various components of the endomembrane system and cell surface. In animal cells, one such drug, Brefeldin A, a fungal fatty acid derivative which causes disruption of the Golgi apparatus, has recently been used as a tool to dissect the mechanisms of vesicle flow from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and down the cisternae of the Golgi stack (1). It has been demonstrated that BFA also has a dramatic effect on the Golgi apparatus in higher plant cells (2,3,4).In this paper we report on recent work on the disruption of the plant Golgi apparatus with BFA and the redistribution of endomembrane marker epitopes after drug treatment of roots and suspension culture cells.

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Brearley, Charles. "Sorting out PtdIns(4,5)P2 and clathrin-coated vesicles in plants." Biochemical Journal 415, no. 3 (October 15, 2008): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081830.

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Phosphoinositides and their binding proteins are regulators of many aspects of the vesicle-trafficking processes that underlie cellular physiology in animal cells. Relatively little is known, by comparison, of the contribution of phosphoinositides to membrane-trafficking phenomena in plants. A study in this issue of the Biochemical Journal by König et al. reports for the first time in this kingdom the association of PtdIns(4,5)P2 with an endomembrane fraction enriched for clathrin. This work is discussed in the context of current evidence for constitutive and evoked endocytosis of membrane protein cargoes in plants.

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Hofmann, Nancy R. "Basal versus Nonbasal Polarity: Different Endomembrane Trafficking Pathways Establish Different Patterns." Plant Cell 29, no. 1 (January 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00065.

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Noack, Lise C., and Yvon Jaillais. "Precision targeting by phosphoinositides: how PIs direct endomembrane trafficking in plants." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 40 (December 2017): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.017.

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Zhang, Xiuxiu, Hui Li, Hai Lu, and Inhwan Hwang. "The trafficking machinery of lytic and protein storage vacuoles: how much is shared and how much is distinct?" Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 10 (February 15, 2021): 3504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab067.

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Abstract Plant cells contain two types of vacuoles, the lytic vacuole (LV) and protein storage vacuole (PSV). LVs are present in vegetative cells, whereas PSVs are found in seed cells. The physiological functions of the two types of vacuole differ. Newly synthesized proteins must be transported to these vacuoles via protein trafficking through the endomembrane system for them to function. Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of protein trafficking to these organelles. Despite these advances, the relationship between the trafficking mechanisms to the LV and PSV remains unclear. Some aspects of the trafficking mechanisms are common to both types of vacuole, but certain aspects are specific to trafficking to either the LV or PSV. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the components involved in protein trafficking to both the LV and PSV and compare them to examine the extent of overlap in the trafficking mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the interconnection between the LV and PSV provided by the protein trafficking machinery and the implications for the identity of these organelles.

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Neves, João, Ana Séneca, Susana Pereira, José Pissarra, and Cláudia Pereira. "Abiotic Stress Upregulates the Expression of Genes Involved in PSV and Autophagy Routes." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08695.

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Adverse conditions caused by abiotic stress modulate plant development and growth by altering morphological and cellular mechanisms. To face this problem, plants, along with physiological adaptations, developed intracellular mechanisms, including changes in protein production and trafficking or modifications of the endomembrane system. It is known that stress situations can alter protein sorting to the vacuole, changing their routes via a Golgi-independent pathway. Our goal is to evaluate the expression levels of different aspartic proteinases and well-characterized genes involved in the vacuolar pathway, in plants submitted to different abiotic stresses (osmotic, oxidative, saline and heavy metals). The results obtained point to a different response of the three aspartic proteinases under study, indicating that different, yet related, genes respond differently to different types of stress, resulting in a fine-tuned regulation. Furthermore, our results regarding the endomembrane system effectors show that AtEXO70, AtRMR1, AtSYP51, AtSYP121 and AtVTI12 are up-regulated, while AtVAMP, AtSYP23 and AtBP80 are downregulated in the same situations. This demonstrates that adverse conditions caused by abiotic stress can alter the expression of key proteins involved in the protein trafficking machinery, which can be related to the activation/deactivation of certain pathways.

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Wang, Yihua, Yulong Ren, Xi Liu, Ling Jiang, Liangming Chen, Xiaohua Han, Mingna Jin, et al. "OsRab5a regulates endomembrane organization and storage protein trafficking in rice endosperm cells." Plant Journal 64, no. 5 (November 4, 2010): 812–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04370.x.

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McCusker, Derek, Anne Royou, Christophe Velours, and Douglas Kellogg. "Cdk1-dependent control of membrane-trafficking dynamics." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 17 (September 2012): 3336–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-10-0834.

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Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is required for initiation and maintenance of polarized cell growth in budding yeast. Cdk1 activates Rho-family GTPases, which polarize the actin cytoskeleton for delivery of membrane to growth sites via the secretory pathway. Here we investigate whether Cdk1 plays additional roles in the initiation and maintenance of polarized cell growth. We find that inhibition of Cdk1 causes a cell surface growth defect that is as severe as that caused by actin depolymerization. However, unlike actin depolymerization, Cdk1 inhibition does not result in a massive accumulation of intracellular secretory vesicles or their cargoes. Analysis of post-Golgi vesicle dynamics after Cdk1 inhibition demonstrates that exocytic vesicles are rapidly mistargeted away from the growing bud, possibly to the endomembrane/vacuolar system. Inhibition of Cdk1 also causes defects in the organization of endocytic and exocytic zones at the site of growth. Cdk1 thus modulates membrane-trafficking dynamics, which is likely to play an important role in coordinating cell surface growth with cell cycle progression.

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Doyle, Siamsa M., Thomas Vain, and Stéphanie Robert. "Small molecules unravel complex interplay between auxin biology and endomembrane trafficking: Fig. 1." Journal of Experimental Botany 66, no. 16 (April 23, 2015): 4971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv179.

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Roşianu, Flavia, Simeon R. Mihaylov, Noreen Eder, Antonie Martiniuc, Suzanne Claxton, Helen R. Flynn, Shamsinar Jalal, et al. "Loss of NDR1/2 kinases impairs endomembrane trafficking and autophagy leading to neurodegeneration." Life Science Alliance 6, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): e202201712. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202201712.

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Autophagy is essential for neuronal development and its deregulation contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. NDR1 and NDR2 are highly conserved kinases, implicated in neuronal development, mitochondrial health and autophagy, but how they affect mammalian brain development in vivo is not known. Using single and doubleNdr1/2knockout mouse models, we show that only dual loss ofNdr1/2in neurons causes neurodegeneration. This phenotype was present when NDR kinases were deleted both during embryonic development, as well as in adult mice. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparisons betweenNdr1/2knockout and control brains revealed novel kinase substrates and indicated that endocytosis is significantly affected in the absence of NDR1/2. We validated the endocytic protein Raph1/Lpd1, as a novel NDR1/2 substrate, and showed that both NDR1/2 and Raph1 are critical for endocytosis and membrane recycling. In NDR1/2 knockout brains, we observed prominent accumulation of transferrin receptor, p62 and ubiquitinated proteins, indicative of a major impairment of protein homeostasis. Furthermore, the levels of LC3-positive autophagosomes were reduced in knockout neurons, implying that reduced autophagy efficiency mediates p62 accumulation and neurotoxicity. Mechanistically, pronounced mislocalisation of the transmembrane autophagy protein ATG9A at the neuronal periphery, impaired axonal ATG9A trafficking and increased ATG9A surface levels further confirm defects in membrane trafficking, and could underlie the impairment in autophagy. We provide novel insight into the roles of NDR1/2 kinases in maintaining neuronal health.

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Paudyal, Rupesh, Adam Jamaluddin, James P. Warren, Siamsa M. Doyle, Stéphanie Robert, Stuart L. Warriner, and Alison Baker. "Trafficking modulator TENin1 inhibits endocytosis, causes endomembrane protein accumulation at the pre-vacuolar compartment and impairs gravitropic response in Arabidopsis thaliana." Biochemical Journal 460, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20131136.

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In the present study a detailed characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of protein trafficking and gravitropic response is described. We also identified two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes that display resistance to this compound. The ecotypes and chemical provide useful tool to investigate protein trafficking.

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Michell, R. H., N. M. Perera, and S. K. Dove. "New insights into the roles of phosphoinositides and inositol polyphosphates in yeast." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0310011.

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During the past half century, we have progressed from simply viewing myo-inositol-containing glycerophospholipids as quantitatively minor membrane constituents to the present, very striking, situation in which more and more important cellular functions are being assigned to a plethora of phosphorylated derivatives of inositol and phosphatidylinositol. Two such examples are discussed briefly: the activation by environmental stresses of the single phosphoinositidase C of yeast, which is related to the phospholipase C δs of other eukaryotes, and the involvement of PtdIns(3,5)P2 in endomembrane trafficking.

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Wiser, Mark F. "Unique Endomembrane Systems and Virulence in Pathogenic Protozoa." Life 11, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080822.

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Virulence in pathogenic protozoa is often tied to secretory processes such as the expression of adhesins on parasite surfaces or the secretion of proteases to assisted in tissue invasion and other proteins to avoid the immune system. This review is a broad overview of the endomembrane systems of pathogenic protozoa with a focus on Giardia, Trichomonas, Entamoeba, kinetoplastids, and apicomplexans. The focus is on unique features of these protozoa and how these features relate to virulence. In general, the basic elements of the endocytic and exocytic pathways are present in all protozoa. Some of these elements, especially the endosomal compartments, have been repurposed by the various species and quite often the repurposing is associated with virulence. The Apicomplexa exhibit the most unique endomembrane systems. This includes unique secretory organelles that play a central role in interactions between parasite and host and are involved in the invasion of host cells. Furthermore, as intracellular parasites, the apicomplexans extensively modify their host cells through the secretion of proteins and other material into the host cell. This includes a unique targeting motif for proteins destined for the host cell. Most notable among the apicomplexans is the malaria parasite, which extensively modifies and exports numerous proteins into the host erythrocyte. These modifications of the host erythrocyte include the formation of unique membranes and structures in the host erythrocyte cytoplasm and on the erythrocyte membrane. The transport of parasite proteins to the host erythrocyte involves several unique mechanisms and components, as well as the generation of compartments within the erythrocyte that participate in extraparasite trafficking.

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Chandra, Vivek, Manjula Kalia, Krishnan Hajela, and Shahid Jameel. "The ORF3 Protein of Hepatitis E Virus Delays Degradation of Activated Growth Factor Receptors by Interacting with CIN85 and Blocking Formation of the Cbl-CIN85 Complex." Journal of Virology 84, no. 8 (February 3, 2010): 3857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01994-09.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an acute self-limiting disease that is endemic in developing countries. Previous studies suggested that the ORF3 protein (pORF3) of HEV is required for infection in vivo and is likely to modulate the host response. Our previous work showed that pORF3 localizes to early and recycling endosomes and causes a delay in the postinternalization trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to late endosomes/lysosomes. Here we report that pORF3 also delays the trafficking and degradation of activated hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) and delineate the mechanistic details of these effects. A mutant ORF3 protein, which does not localize to endosomes, also showed similar effects on growth factor receptor trafficking, making this effect independent of the endosomal localization of pORF3. The ORF3 protein was found to interact with CIN85, a multidomain adaptor protein implicated in the Cbl-mediated downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases. This interaction competed with the formation of the growth factor receptor-Cbl-CIN85 complex, resulting in the reduced ubiquitination of CIN85 and trafficking of the growth factor receptor complex toward late endosomes/lysosomes. We propose that through its effects on growth factor receptor trafficking, pORF3 prolongs endomembrane growth factor signaling and promotes cell survival to contribute positively to viral replication and pathogenesis.

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Li, Ruixi, Ruobai Sun, Glenn R. Hicks, and Natasha V. Raikhel. "Arabidopsis ribosomal proteins control vacuole trafficking and developmental programs through the regulation of lipid metabolism." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): E89—E98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422656112.

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The vacuole is the most prominent compartment in plant cells and is important for ion and protein storage. In our effort to search for key regulators in the plant vacuole sorting pathway, ribosomal large subunit 4 (rpl4d) was identified as a translational mutant defective in both vacuole trafficking and normal development. Polysome profiling of the rpl4d mutant showed reduction in polysome-bound mRNA compared with wild-type, but no significant change in the general mRNA distribution pattern. Ribsomal profiling data indicated that genes in the lipid metabolism pathways were translationally down-regulated in the rpl4d mutant. Live imaging studies by Nile red staining suggested that both polar and nonpolar lipid accumulation was reduced in meristem tissues of rpl4d mutants. Pharmacological evidence showed that sterol and sphingolipid biosynthetic inhibitors can phenocopy the defects of the rpl4d mutant, including an altered vacuole trafficking pattern. Genetic evidence from lipid biosynthetic mutants indicates that alteration in the metabolism of either sterol or sphingolipid biosynthesis resulted in vacuole trafficking defects, similar to the rpl4d mutant. Tissue-specific complementation with key enzymes from lipid biosynthesis pathways can partially rescue both vacuole trafficking and auxin-related developmental defects in the rpl4d mutant. These results indicate that lipid metabolism modulates auxin-mediated tissue differentiation and endomembrane trafficking pathways downstream of ribosomal protein function.

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Henne, W. Mike, Lu Zhu, Zsolt Balogi, Christopher Stefan, Jeffrey A. Pleiss, and Scott D. Emr. "Mdm1/Snx13 is a novel ER–endolysosomal interorganelle tethering protein." Journal of Cell Biology 210, no. 4 (August 17, 2015): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201503088.

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Although endolysosomal trafficking is well defined, how it is regulated and coordinates with cellular metabolism is unclear. To identify genes governing endolysosomal dynamics, we conducted a global fluorescence-based screen to reveal endomembrane effector genes. Screening implicated Phox (PX) domain–containing protein Mdm1 in endomembrane dynamics. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that Mdm1 is a novel interorganelle tethering protein that localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–vacuole/lysosome membrane contact sites (MCSs). We show that Mdm1 is ER anchored and contacts the vacuole surface in trans via its lipid-binding PX domain. Strikingly, overexpression of Mdm1 induced ER–vacuole hypertethering, underscoring its role as an interorganelle tether. We also show that Mdm1 and its paralogue Ydr179w-a (named Nvj3 in this study) localize to ER–vacuole MCSs independently of established tether Nvj1. Finally, we find that Mdm1 truncations analogous to neurological disease–associated SNX14 alleles fail to tether the ER and vacuole and perturb sphingolipid metabolism. Our work suggests that human Mdm1 homologues may play previously unappreciated roles in interorganelle communication and lipid metabolism.

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Zhang, Yan, Junmin He, David Lee, and Sheila McCormick. "Interdependence of Endomembrane Trafficking and Actin Dynamics during Polarized Growth of Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes." Plant Physiology 152, no. 4 (February 24, 2010): 2200–2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.142349.

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Agee, April E., Marci Surpin, Eun Ju Sohn, Thomas Girke, Abel Rosado, Brian W. Kram, Clay Carter, et al. "MODIFIED VACUOLE PHENOTYPE1 Is an Arabidopsis Myrosinase-Associated Protein Involved in Endomembrane Protein Trafficking." Plant Physiology 152, no. 1 (October 30, 2009): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.145078.

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Wilson, Cathal, and Antonella Ragnini-Wilson. "Conserved Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Homeostasis of the Golgi Complex." International Journal of Cell Biology 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/758230.

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The Golgi complex performs a central function in the secretory pathway in the sorting and sequential processing of a large number of proteins destined for other endomembrane organelles, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell, in addition to lipid metabolism and signaling. The Golgi apparatus can be regarded as a self-organizing system that maintains a relatively stable morphofunctional organization in the face of an enormous flux of lipids and proteins. A large number of the molecular players that operate in these processes have been identified, their functions and interactions defined, but there is still debate about many aspects that regulate protein trafficking and, in particular, the maintenance of these highly dynamic structures and processes. Here, we consider how an evolutionarily conserved underlying mechanism based on retrograde trafficking that uses lipids, COPI, SNAREs, and tethers could maintain such a homeodynamic system.

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Gubar, Olga, Pauline Croisé, Sergii Kropyvko, Tetyana Gryaznova, Petra Tóth, Anne Blangy, Nicolas Vitale, Alla Rynditch, Stéphane Gasman, and Stéphane Ory. "The atypical Rho GTPase RhoU interacts with intersectin-2 to regulate endosomal recycling pathways." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 16 (July 31, 2020): jcs234104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.234104.

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ABSTRACTRho GTPases play a key role in various membrane trafficking processes. RhoU is an atypical small Rho GTPase related to Rac/Cdc42, which possesses unique N- and C-terminal domains that regulate its function and its subcellular localization. RhoU localizes at the plasma membrane, on endosomes and in cell adhesion structures where it governs cell signaling, differentiation and migration. However, despite its endomembrane localization, RhoU function in vesicular trafficking has been unexplored. Here, we identified intersectins (ITSNs) as new binding partners for RhoU and showed that the second PxxP motif at the N terminus of RhoU mediated interactions with the SH3 domains of ITSNs. To evaluate the function of RhoU and ITSNs in vesicular trafficking, we used fluorescent transferrin as a cargo for uptake experiments. We showed that silencing of either RhoU or ITSN2, but not ITSN1, increased transferrin accumulation in early endosomes, resulting from a defect in fast vesicle recycling. Concomitantly, RhoU and ITSN2 colocalized to a subset of Rab4-positive vesicles, suggesting that a RhoU–ITSN2 interaction may occur on fast recycling endosomes to regulate the fate of vesicular cargos.

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Kurth, Elizabeth G., Valera V. Peremyslov, Hannah L. Turner, Kira S. Makarova, Jaime Iranzo, Sergei L. Mekhedov, Eugene V. Koonin, and Valerian V. Dolja. "Myosin-driven transport network in plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (January 17, 2017): E1385—E1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620577114.

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We investigate the myosin XI-driven transport network inArabidopsisusing protein–protein interaction, subcellular localization, gene knockout, and bioinformatics analyses. The two major groups of nodes in this network are myosins XI and their membrane-anchored receptors (MyoB) that, together, drive endomembrane trafficking and cytoplasmic streaming in the plant cells. The network shows high node connectivity and is dominated by generalists, with a smaller fraction of more specialized myosins and receptors. We show that interaction with myosins and association with motile vesicles are common properties of the MyoB family receptors. We identify previously uncharacterized myosin-binding proteins, putative myosin adaptors that belong to two unrelated families, with four members each (MadA and MadB). Surprisingly, MadA1 localizes to the nucleus and is rapidly transported to the cytoplasm, suggesting the existence of myosin XI-driven nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. In contrast, MadA2 and MadA3, as well as MadB1, partition between the cytosolic pools of motile endomembrane vesicles that colocalize with myosin XI-K and diffuse material that does not. Gene knockout analysis shows that MadB1–4 contribute to polarized root hair growth, phenocopying myosins, whereas MadA1–4 are redundant for this process. Phylogenetic analysis reveals congruent evolutionary histories of the myosin XI, MyoB, MadA, and MadB families. All these gene families emerged in green algae and show concurrent expansions via serial duplication in flowering plants. Thus, the myosin XI transport network increased in complexity and robustness concomitantly with the land colonization by flowering plants and, by inference, could have been a major contributor to this process.

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Pedro, Maria P., Aldo A. Vilcaes, Guillermo A. Gomez, and Jose L. Daniotti. "Individual S-acylated cysteines differentially contribute to H-Ras endomembrane trafficking and acylation/deacylation cycles." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 7 (April 2017): 962–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0603.

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S-acylation/deacylation cycles and vesicular transport are critical for an adequate subcellular distribution of S-acylated Ras proteins. H-Ras is dually acylated on cysteines 181 and 184, but it is unknown how these residues individually contribute to H-Ras trafficking. In this study, we characterized the acylation and deacylation rates and membrane trafficking of monoacylated H-Ras mutants to analyze their contributions to H-Ras plasma membrane and endomembrane distribution. We demonstrated that dually acylated H-Ras interacts with acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs) 1 and 2 at the plasma membrane. Moreover, single-acylation mutants of H-Ras differed not only in their subcellular distribution, where both proteins localized to different extents at both the Golgi complex and plasma membrane, but also in their deacylation rates, which we showed to be due to different sensitivities to APT1 and APT2. Fluorescence photobleaching and photoactivation experiments also revealed that 1) although S-acylated, single-acylation mutants are incorporated with different efficiencies into Golgi complex to plasma membrane vesicular carriers, and 2) the different deacylation rates of single-acylated H-Ras influence differentially its overall exchange between different compartments by nonvesicular transport. Taken together, our results show that individual S-acylation sites provide singular information about H-Ras subcellular distribution that is required for GTPase signaling.

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Godin, Lindsay M., Jorge Vergen, Y. S. Prakash, Richard E. Pagano, and Rolf D. Hubmayr. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of actin remodeling and endomembrane trafficking in alveolar epithelial type I cell wound healing." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 300, no. 4 (April 2011): L615—L623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00265.2010.

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Alveolar epithelial type I cell (ATI) wounding is prevalent in ventilator-injured lungs and likely contributes to pathogenesis of “barotrauma” and “biotrauma.” In experimental models most wounded alveolar cells repair plasma membrane (PM) defects and survive insults. Considering the force balance between edge energy at the PM wound margins and adhesive interactions of the lipid bilayer with the underlying cytoskeleton (CSK), we tested the hypothesis that subcortical actin depolymerization is a key facilitator of PM repair. Using real-time fluorescence imaging of primary rat ATI transfected with a live cell actin-green fluorescent protein construct (Lifeact-GFP) and loaded with N-rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), we examined the spatial and temporal coordination between cytoskeletal remodeling and PM repair following micropuncture. Membrane integrity was inferred from the fluorescence intensity profiles of the cytosolic label calcein AM. Wounding led to rapid depolymerization of the actin CSK near the wound site, concurrent with accumulation of endomembrane-derived N-rhodamine PE. Both responses were sustained until PM integrity was reestablished, which typically occurs between ∼10 and 40 s after micropuncture. Only thereafter did the actin CSK near the wound begin to repolymerize, while the rate of endomembrane lipid accumulation decreased. Between 60 and 90 s after successful PM repair, after translocation of the actin nucleation factor cortactin, a dense actin fiber network formed. In cells that did not survive micropuncture injury, actin remodeling did not occur. These novel results highlight the importance of actin remodeling in ATI cell repair and suggest molecular targets for modulating the repair process.

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Quintana, Juan F., Ricardo Canavate Del Pino, Kayo Yamada, and Ning Zhang. "Adaptation and Therapeutic Exploitation of the Plasma Membrane of African Trypanosomes." Genes 9, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9070368.

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African trypanosomes are highly divergent from their metazoan hosts, and as part of adaptation to a parasitic life style have developed a unique endomembrane system. The key virulence mechanism of many pathogens is successful immune evasion, to enable survival within a host, a feature that requires both genetic events and membrane transport mechanisms in African trypanosomes. Intracellular trafficking not only plays a role in immune evasion, but also in homeostasis of intracellular and extracellular compartments and interactions with the environment. Significantly, historical and recent work has unraveled some of the connections between these processes and highlighted how immune evasion mechanisms that are associated with adaptations to membrane trafficking may have, paradoxically, provided specific sensitivity to drugs. Here, we explore these advances in understanding the membrane composition of the trypanosome plasma membrane and organelles and provide a perspective for how transport could be exploited for therapeutic purposes.

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Singan, Vasanth R., Kenan Handzic, and Jeremy C. Simpson. "Quantitative image analysis approaches for probing Rab GTPase localization and function in mammalian cells." Biochemical Society Transactions 40, no. 6 (November 21, 2012): 1389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120145.

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Membrane traffic pathways play an essential role in cells, providing a mechanism for organelles of the endomembrane system to communicate and exchange material between each other. A significant number of infections and diseases are associated with trafficking pathways, and as such gaining a greater understanding of their regulation is essential. Fluorescence-based imaging techniques are widely used to probe the trafficking machinery within cells, and many of these methods have the potential to be applied in a quantitative manner. In the present mini-review, we highlight several recent examples of how image intensity, kinetic measurements, co-localization and texture feature analysis have been used to study the function of one key family of membrane traffic regulators, the Rab GTPases. We give specific emphasis to the importance of the quantitative nature of these recent studies and comment on their potential applicability to a high-throughput format.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Endomembrane trafficking'

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